k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

cu|n]v

r'gf}tL / ;ª\s6 em]Nb} kqsfl/tf

kqsfl/tf If]qsf af/]df ;+;f/e/ Pp6f efio 5 lsÙ of] If]qn] ;w}F
r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] x'G5 . x'g klg h'g;'s} b]zsf] kqsfl/tfsf] cj:yf
x]bf{ / ToxfFsf] cg'ejnfO{ a'‰bf ;fFlRrs} r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kqsfl/tfsf]
Pp6f clgjfo{ bfloTj xf] . /fHo kIf, u}x|/fHo kIf, :jfy{ ;d"xx¿, /fhgLlts
zlQmx¿, cfk/flws ;d"xx¿ t kqsfl/tf If]qsf nflu :yfoL r'gf}tL g} x'g\ .
kqsfl/tfnfO{ cfkm"cg's"n k|of]u ug{ / k|efjdf kfg{ rfxg] tyf cfˆgf] ljkIfdf
;dfrf/ cfpFb} gcfcf];\ eg]/ ck]Iff ug]{ rl/q plNnlvt zlQm ;d"xsf] x'g]
ub{5 . To;sf] df/ kqsfl/tfn] v]Kb} cfPsf] 5 . of] ;+;f/e/s} kqsfl/tfsf]
;femf ef]ufO xf] .

k|]; :jtGqtf cIf'0f /fVg' r'gf}tLk"0f{

cg]s r'gf}tLsf lardf klg kqsfl/tf eg] lg/Gt/cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5,
al9/xG5 klg . kqsfl/tfsf s]xL ljlzi6 bfloTjx¿ 5g\ . tL bfloTj axg
ug]{ ;Gbe{df r'gf}tLnfO{ lrb}{ cufl8 a9\g] ;fdYo{ kqsfl/tfn] b]vfpFb} cfPsf]
5 . of] ;Gbe{nfO{ k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] tYofª\saf6} ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5,
h:tf] lsÙ sfplG;nsf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ )*)÷*! df k|]; :jtGqtf lj/f]wL
36gfdf &( hgf kqsf/ kLl8t ePsf 5g\ . o;/L kLl8t x'g] s|d g/f]lsFbf
klg kqsf/n] lg/Gt/ kqsfl/tf ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg kqsfl/tfn] cfd;~rf/sf dfWodsf] lgaf{w tyf Jojl:yt
k|of]u u/L gful/snfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{, ;'zf;gsf] k|jw{gdf of]ubfg ug]{ / ;"rgf
;Dk|]if0fsf dfWodaf6 dfgjLo ljsf;sf] kIfdf sfd ug]{ bfloTj axg ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . o;}u/L ;+ljwfgk|bQ u/]sf] ;"rgfsf] xsnfO{ k|rngdf Nofpg
cfd;~rf/sf] kx'Fr ;a} JolQm;Dd k'¥ofpg] bfloTj klg kqsfl/tf If]qn] g}

1
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfd;~rf/sf] ;d'lrt k|of]usf dfWodaf6 ;dfj]zL / kf/bzL{

nf]stGqsf] k|jw{g ub}{ ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj jxg u/L ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf
lbzfdf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ bfloTj klg kqsfl/tfs} xf] .
ljlzi6 bfloTj lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ of] If]qnfO{ Tof] bfloTj lgjf{x ug]{ ;Gbe{df
cfjZos jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df /fHo;Fu cleefjsLo e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff
x'G5 . t/ xfd|f] cg'ejn] s] eG5 eg], /fHosf] k|fyldstfdf kqsfl/tf If]q
kl//x]sf] 5}g . /fli6«o cfd;~rf/ gLlt, @)&# ag]sf] oltsf jif{ laTbf klg
ce}m Tof] gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu cfjZos sfg'g aGg ;ls/x]sf
5}gg\ . sfg'gsf] cefjdf cfjZos ;+/rgfx¿ ;d]t lgdf{0f x'g;s]sf 5}gg\ .
sfg'g aGg g} olt ;do nfUb}ubf{ kqsfl/tf If]qsf ;Gbe{df /fHo pbf/ /
;xof]uL 5 eg]/ s;/L 7fGg] <
dfly rrf{ ul/Pem}F kqsfl/tfsf :yfoL r'gf}tL Psftkm{ 5g\ eg] ;do
;dodf yk ;ª\s6sf] ;fdgf ug{ klg kl//x]sf] x'G5 . clxn] kqsfl/tf If]q
cfly{s ;ª\s6n] klg lynf]lynf] k/]sf] 5 . k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} To;;F+u ;fIffTsf/
s;/L ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{n] klg cndlnPsf] 5 . klqsf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg,
cgnfOg, o'6o'a Rofgnnuft k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} dfWodsf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} hfFbf
tL dfWodnfO{ s;/L ;xL 9ªun] k|of]u ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df klg ;d:of b]lvPsf
5g\ . ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;fdu|L klg ca ;g;gLk"0f{ agfPkl5 dfq Tof] ;xh
vkt x'G5 eGg] dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; ;d]t x'Fb} 5 . oL s'/fx¿n] xfd|f] kqsfl/tf
;d:ofu|:t aGb}5 eGg] lrGtf a9fPsf] 5 . of] lrGtfsf af/]df ;dod} uDeL/
lrGtg u/]/ cufl8 ga9\g] xf] eg] cgk]lIft ;ª\s6n] cem a9L ;d:of lglDtg]
s'/fnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug{;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . t;y{ oL ;~hfndfly s];|f s];|f
s]nfP/ uDeL/ 5nkmn ug{ h?/L 5 .

ldl8ofdf nufgL / lj1fkgsf] ax;

g]kfndf kqsfl/tfdf lghL If]qsf] @) ca{eGbf a9L nufgL ePsf]
dflgG5 . of] k'FhLsf] ;'/Iff ub}{ To;nfO{ rnfodfg u/fpFb} yk k'FhL lgdf{0fsf]
nflu of]hgf agfpg h?/L 5 . t/ kqsfl/tfdf ePsf] nufgLn] cfˆgf] ;'/Iff
/ cfDbfgL ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eGg] s'/f nufgLstf{af6 ;'lgG5 . ldl8ofdf

2
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

nufgLsf] kf/blz{tfsf] s'/f p7]sf] klg w]/} eO;Sof] t/ nufgL s], slt /
sxfFaf6 eGg] Plsg hfgsf/L x'g;s]sf] 5}g . xfn} ;+;b\df k]; ePsf] ldl8of
sfplG;n ljw]osdf ;~rf/ u[xsf] nufgLsf] hfgsf/L ldl8of sfplG;nnfO{
u/fpg'kg]{ ljifo ;dfj]z ePkl5 o;df yk ljdz{ x'g yfn]sf] 5 . lj1fkg
ahf/ ;fF3'/f] aGb} uPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ s;/L a9fpg] eGg] af/]df ;f]Rg h?/L 5 .
s'g} klg pTkfbgsf af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg' gful/ssf] clwsf/ xf] . of] clwsf/
lj1fkgdfkm{t klg k|fKt x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf ;a} kIf :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 . ahf/df
s:tf sDkgLsf / s] k|of]hgsf nflu cf}iflwx¿ cfO/x]sf 5g\\ < s:d]l6s
;fdu|Lx¿ s:tf s:tf cfO/x]sf 5g\, dlb/f, ;'tL{hGo pTkfbgx¿sf] pkl:ylt
ahf/df s:tf] 5 < oL s'/fx¿ lj1fkgsf dfWodaf6 gful/sn] yfxf kfpg'kg]{
xf] . t/ g]kfnsf ;~rf/ dfWodn] o:tf ;"rgfsf nflu cg'dlt kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ .
lglZrt dfkb08, cfrf/;+lxtf agfP/ eP klg oL vfn] ;"rgfx¿ gful/sn]
k|fKt ub}{ ubf{ ldl8ofsf] lj1fkg ahf/nfO{ km/flsnf] agfpg ;lsG5 . o;tkm{
u[xsfo{ ug{ h?/L 5 . o;}u/L nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkgsf] ah]6 / ;Gb]znfO{
cem ulxl/P/ cWoog u/L gful/snfO{ /fHosf ;"rgfx¿ pknAw eO g}
/xg] cj:yfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ h?/L 5 . sf]/f]gf ;ª\s6n] lynflynf k/]sf]
kqsfl/tf dflysf] cfly{s ;ª\s6 ;Daf]wg ug]{ cGo pkfox¿sf] vf]hL klg
clxn]sf] bfloTj xf] .

kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3gsf 36gf p:t}

k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] dfWodx¿sf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} hfFbf klg s]xL ;d:of
lglDtPsf 5g\ . vf;u/L ;g;gLk"0f{ ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug]{ k|j[lQn] kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿ a9]sf 5g\ . ;dfrf/ ;fdu|Ldflysf]
ljZj;gLotf :vlnt x'Fb} hfg] xf] eg] kqsfl/tf sdhf]/ x'G5 / sdhf]/
kqsfl/tfn] ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf] cfˆgf] nIoe]b ug{ ;Sb}g . o;tkm{ klg
;dod} uDeL/ lrGtg h?/L 5 . tYofª\sn] cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g eO/x]sf]
/ of] k|j[lQ g} aGb} u/]sf] b]vfpF5 . Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf k|]; sfplG;ndf
cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3gsf $ ;o !# j6f 36gf btf{÷clen]v ePsf 5g\ . of]
;ª\Vof rfgr'g] ;ª\Vof xf]Og . $ ;o !# 36gf dWo] # ;o #* j6f ;dfrf/af6

3
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

kLl8t JolQm cfkm}Fn] btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ eg] k|]; sfplG;nsf] :jcg'udgaf6
pNnª\3gsf ^! j6f 36gf e]l6Psf 5g\ . o;}u/L hgu'gf;f]sf ¿kdf !$ j6f
u/]/ cfrf/;+lxtf k|lts"n $ ;o !# j6f ;fdu|LnfO{ jif{ el/df sfplG;nn]
x]/]sf] 5 . tLdWo] ! ;o %$ j6f cem} km5\of}{6 x'g afFsL /x]sf 5g\ . plNnlvt
;ª\VofdWo] %% j6f ph'/L o'6o'a dfWodsf /x]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] #( j6f ph'/L
JolQmsf] rl/qxTof;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg], gofF dfWodn]
kqsfl/tf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNnª\3g ub}{ JolQmsf] rl/qxTof;Dd ug]{ k|j[lQ
a9\bf] 5 . k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ub}{ ;g;gLk"0f{ ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug]{ dfgl;stfn]
o:tf] k|j[lQ lgDtFb} uPsf] 5 . bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj / kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf
af/]df hfgsf/ gx'Fbf of] ;d:of b]lvPsf] dfGg ;lsG5 .

cgnfOg ;Dkfbs / ;~rfnsnfO{ cled'vLs/0f

cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3gsf] k|j[lQnfO{ Wofg lbFb} sfplG;nn] gofF btf{
x'g] cgnfOg / o'6\o'asf ;Dkfbs ;~rfnsnfO{ clgjfo{¿kdf kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . @)&* b]lv
;~rflnt of] cled'vLs/0fdf of] jif{ dfq ^ ;o @ cgnfOg / o'6\o'aaf6 !
xhf/ #) hgf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . of] cled'vLs/0fdf ;xefuL clwsf+zn]
kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfaf/] cfkm"x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L gePsf] k|ltls|of lbg] u/]sf 5g\
. To;sf/0f klg cfrf/;+lxtf sIff cfjZos /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] k''li6 ePsf] 5 .
cfrf/;+lxtfsf af/]df hfgsf/ eP/ / hfgsf/ geP/ ldl8of ;fdu|L pTkfbg
ubf{ kSs} klg km/s kb{5 . sfplG;nn] lglZrt JolQmx¿nfO{ of] cj;/ lbPtf
klg o;nfO{ cem Jofks agfP/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf af/]df kqsf/, ;~rf/ dfWod
;~rfnsnfO{ klg hfgsf/L / kl/kfngfsf nflu k|]l/t ug]{ cleofg yfNg
cfjZos 5 . o;}u/L ;~rf/ pkef]QmfnfO{ ;d]t ldl8of ;fIf/tf k|bfg u/L
;~rf/ dfWodn] s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] af/]df a'‰g] / ;r]t agfpg
va/bf/L ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ klg cfjZos 5 . o;f] ubf{ cfrf/;+lxtf
kfngfsf nflu ;~rf/ dfWod yk lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ . o;}sf/0fn] sfplG;nn]
cfˆgf] of]hgfdf ;d]t …ldl8of ;fIf/tfÚnfO{ klg ;d]6\b} cufl8 a9\g yfn]sf]
5 . oBlk cfjZos ah]6 cefjsf sf/0f of] cleofgnfO{ ;f]r] / rfx]cg';f/
lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .

4
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

hfu/0f / k|rf/k|;f/
kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfsf] cg'udg ;fy} o;sf] k|rf/k|;f/ klg
TolQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . o;} cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] of]
jif{ ljleGg !) lhNnfdf cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f sfo{s|d ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .
sfplG;nn] ;~rf/ u[xdf g} k'u]/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf ;fdu|L ljt/0f ug]{, 5nkmn
ug]{ / ldl8ofsf] cj:yfaf/]df a'‰g] sfd u/]sf] 5 . o;} jif{ kqsf/ dlxnfsf]
Ifdtf j[l4sf] nflu afudtL, nl'DagL / sf]zL k|b]zdf tflnd ;~rfng u/L
Ifdtf clej[l4sf] ;fy} cfrf/;+lxtfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .

;'wf/sf kIf
kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ cem Jojl:yt ug{sf nflu ;~rf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljBdfg
gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] ;dLIff ub}{ cfjZos kl/dfh{g ug{ jf~5gLo x'g]5 . o;}u/L
;~rf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ljw]osnfO{ ;+;bLo k|ls|ofdfkm{t sfg'g agfpg]
k|ls|of klg ;'? ePsf] 5 . To;/L aGg] sfg'g nf]stflGqs d"Nodf cfwfl/t
x'g h?/L 5 . o;}u/L ca aGg] sfg'gn] k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] /ˆtf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{ ;Sg] x'g'kb{5 . k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsFb}g . o;sf] cToflws
pkof]u ug]{ s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttfnfO{ k|jw{g ug'{kb{5 . t/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ubf{
8f6f ;'/Iffsf] kIfnfO{ cToGt uDeL/tfsf ;fy ljrf/ u/]/ sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{
cfjZos 5 . o;/L sfg'g aGb} ubf{ s]xL ;jfndf k|i6 x'g h?/L x'G5,
;~rf/ dfWodsf] ljifoj:t'M of] ;Gbe{df s] :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 eg]
;~rf/ dfWoddf cfpg] ljifoj:t'sf] u'0f:t/sf nflu / c;n cEof;sf nflu
k]|l/t ug]{ gLlt lng'kb{5 . sfg'g agfP/ ljifoj:t'sf] u'0f:t/ ;'w|G5 eGg] s'/f
;xL x}g . o;sf nflu /fHosf] s]xL bfloTj eg] x'G5 . tL bfloTjnfO{ a'Fbfut
¿kdf o;/L x]g{ ;lsG5 .
:jlgodgM kqsfl/tfsf] :jlgodgsf nflu ;~rf/ ;+:yf / ;DkfbsLo
g]t[TjnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{kb{5 . sfg'g agfP/ lgoGq0fsf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{ kl/Tofu
ub}{ of] af6f]df /fHon] ;xhLs/0f ug]{ xf] eg] ;~rf/ dfWodsf] u'0f:t/Lotf
;'wf/df of]ubfg k'Ug]5 .
bIftf clej[l4M kqsfl/tfsf] u'0f:t/ ljsf;sf nflu bIftf clej[l4 ug{
cfd;~rf/ k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] dfu p7fg x'gyfn]sf] w]/} eO;Sof] . t/ cem}

5
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

of] dfu k'/f ePsf] 5}g . o:tf k|lti7fgx¿af6 k|lzlIft hgzlQmn] kqsfl/tfsf
;fdu|L pTkfbgdf u'0ffTds km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sg] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 . k|ljlwsf]
ljsf;F+u} ;~rf/ dfWodx¿df bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj dx;'; eO/x]sf] 5 .
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngfM o;sf nflu xfn k|]; sfplG;nn] ul//x]sf] sfdnfO{
u'0ffTds¿kdf ljsf; u/L cfrf/;+lxtf cleofg ;~rfngs} ¿kdf cufl8
a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .
;~rf/ ;fIf/tfM ljBfno:t/sf] kf7\os|ddf ;~rf/sf] cfwf/e"t s'/f /
;"rgf rs|sf af/]df ;fdu|L ;dfj]z ug{ cfjZos 5 . o;}u/L ;/sf/L :t/af6
;~rfng x'g] tflndx¿df klg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbP/ ;a}
kIfnfO{ ldl8of ;fIff/tfsf af/]df hgsf/ agfpg cfjZos 5 . o;f] ubf{
;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPsf ;fdu|Lsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ / k|ltls|of lbg;Sg] hdft
lgdf{0f x'G5 . o;n] cGttM kqsfl/tfsf] u'0f:t/Lotf ;'wf/df of]ubfg k'U5 .
o;y{ sfplG;nn] yfn]sf] ldl8of ;fIf/tf cleofgnfO{ klg Jofkstf lbg
cfjZos 5 .
kqsfl/tf If]q lg/Gt/ ls|ofzLn /xg] If]q xf] . o;sf] cfjZostf /
cf}lrTotf k6s k6s k'li6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf tTsfnLg /fi6«klt yf]d;
h]km;{gn] eg]sf lyP, …olb dnfO{ s;}n] ;/sf/ / kqsfl/tfdWo] Ps /f]Hg eGof]
eg] d}n] Ps ldg]6 klg g;f]rL kqsfl/tf /f]H5' .Ú of] egfOn] klg kqsfl/tf
If]qsf] cf}lrTonfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . t/ kqsfl/tf If]q ;w}F r'gf}tL / ;ª\s6sf]
e"d/Ldf u'h|Fb} cfPsf] 5 . of] e"d/Laf6 hf]ufpgsf nflu ;a}sf] ;femf k|oTg
cfjZos kb{5 . lglZrt ah]6sf] cfsf/leq a;]/ k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] u/]sf
k|oTgx¿ k|z+;gLo t 5g\ g} t/ kof{Kt eg] 5}gg\ . o;sf nflu ;fwg ;|f]t
tyf If]qflwsf/ lj:tf/;lxt kqsfl/tfsf ;ª\s6 df]rgsf nflu pleg ;Sg]
;+:yfsf ¿kdf sfplG;nnfO{ ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .

6
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

v08 !
jflif{s sfo{s|d / ah]6

7
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

8
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

!=! jflif{s sfo{s|d / k|ult

!=!=! jflif{sf]T;j Pj+ k|]; sfplG;n kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] %$ cf}F jflif{sf]T;j sfo{s|d @)*) c;f]h ^ ut]
/fi6«klt ejg zLtn lgjf;df ljz]if ;df/f]x u/L ;DkGg eof] . ;df/f]xnfO{
;Daf]wg ub}{ /fi6«klt /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] @)$^ ;fnkl5 g]kfndf ldl8ofsf]
If]qdf 7'nf] sfd ePsf] pNn]v ug{'eof] . /fi6«klt kf}8]nn] kl5Nnf] b'O{ bzsdf
d'n'sn] kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf 7'nf] km8\sf] df/]sf] / of] pknlAwk"0f{ /x]sf] pNn]v
ug{'eof] . …@)$^ kl5 g]kfndf s'g} 7'nf] s'/f ePsf] 5 eg] Tof] ldl8of s|flGt
g} xf]Ú pxfFn] eGg'eof] . k~rfotsfndf cfkm"n] klg kqsfl/tf u/]sf] :d/0f ub}{
/fi6«klt kf}8]nn] s'g} klg b]zsf] k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yfaf6 g} b]zsf] ;d[l4sf]
cj:yf yfxf kfpg ;lsg] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{s|ddf ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL /]vf zdf{n] sfplG;nsf]
e"ldsfnfO{ k|zf;lgs sfo{df eGbf kqsfl/tf If]qs} lgodg / kqsf/sf]
:jlgodg tyf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf s]lGb|t ug{ h?/L /x]sf]
atfpg'eof] . sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] cfly{s ;ª\s6sf lardf
klg g]kfnL ldl8ofn] bfloTj ge'n]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] tdfd ;ª\s6sf
lardf g]kfnL ldl8ofn] b]zsf] lxtdf hgtf / ;d[l4sf] kIfdf sfd u/]sf] eGb}
ldl8ofsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj ePsf] pNn]v ug{'eof] . g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf ljk'n kf]v]n | n] k|];;DaGwL sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ kmf:6
6«ofsaf6 u/fpg ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg'eof] .
pQm cj;/df k|; ] sfplG;n uf]kfnbf; kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ sf:sL -xfn,
sf7df8f}_F sf kqsf/ lgd{nf zdf{ / ;'/G] b|axfb'/ a:g]t kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ vf]6fªsf
kqsf/ bdg /fO{nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . k|; ] sfplG;n cfrf/;+lxtf k'/:sf/ r]i6f
;fKtflxs -sfe|_] , /fddl0f bfxfn / dsjfgk'/ dfwjl;+x wfdL -s~rgk'/_nfO{ k|bfg
ul/of] . k|;
] sfplG;n ;zSt ;~rf/sdL{ k'/:sf/ kqsf/ ;fu/ kl08t -sf7df8f}_F
/ r'8fdl0f e§/fO{ -xfn cd]l/sf_, efiffut kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ cfFh/' å}dfl;s / k|;]
sfplG;n ;flxlTos kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ lxdfnL u'/fF; å}dfl;snfO{ k|bfg ul/of] .
cGo ljleGg ljwfdf %) hgf kqsf/ / % hgf sd{rf/L k'/:s[t ePsf lyP .
sfplG;nn] jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df jl/i7 kqsf/, sfplG;nsf k"j{ kbflwsf/L /
;b:o;lrjx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg u¥of] . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f o;} k|ltj]bgsf] v08
$ df ;+nUg 5 .
9
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

!=!=@ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg, ph'/L / sf/afxL

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] ljutdf em}F o;jif{ klg lgoldt¿kdf kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg, ph'/L ;'g'jfO, ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog, cg';Gwfg,
d]nldnfk / sf/afxL u/]sf] 5 . o;jif{ ;fdflhs ;~hfn -o'6\o'a;d]t_af6
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lsf ;Gbe{df cfPsf ph'/L / hgu'gf;fsf cfwf/df cg'udg;d]t
u/L sf/afxL ePsf] 5 . o:t} :jcg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf] cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3gsf
;fdfrf/ ;fdu|Lsf ljifodf ;d]t sf/afxL ul/Psf] 5 . o;jif{ ljz]if :ynut
cg'udg u/L ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfsf] cj:yf,
sfplG;nsf] cg'udg, ph'/L / sf/afxL k|ls|ofaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] sfo{ ePsf]
5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f o;} k|ltj]bgsf] v08 @ df ;+nUg 5 .

!=!=# cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f sfo{s|d

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] cfrf/;+lxtf;DaGwL hfu/0f, kqklqsf juL{s/0f,
ldl8ofk|ltsf] hgu'gf;f] ;'g'jfOh:tf ljifodf kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 / kqsfl/tf;Fu
;DalGwt ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+of]hgdf ljleGg lhNnfdf sfo{s|d ;DkGg u¥of] . cf=j=
@)*)÷*! df ljleGg lhNnfdf ;DkGg sfo{s|dÙ
c3f{vf“rL
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 c3f{vfFrL
zfvfsf] ;+of]hgdf @)*) dª\l;/ @! ut] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f sfo{s|d
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . c3f{vfFrLsf] ;lGwvs{df ;DkGg sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf sfplG;n
;b:o z/bk|;fb clwsf/Ln] ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfplG;n ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb
a]Naf;] / k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fn, k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L sdn/fh 9sfnsf] ljz]if cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf lhNnfl:yt
kqsf/, ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vx¿, ljleGg ;/sf/L u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf
k|ltlglw u/L ^% hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf ljifo
= lj1fkgdf ;ª\s'rg / :yfgLo ldl8ofdf 7'nf lj1fkg sd k|fyldstfdf
kg]{ u/]sf]

10
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= lhNnfdf kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3gsf 36gf gePsf]

= kqsfl/tfn] dfq hLjg lgjf{x sl7gfO ePsfn] j}slNks af6f] vf]Hg'kg]{
afWotf
= clxn]sf] cj:yfdf sf] kqsf/ xf] < sf] xf]Og < 5'l6\6g'kg]{ . o'6\oasf]
Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{
= dlxnf kqsf/nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ sfo{s|dx¿ NofOg'kg]{

u'NdL
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 u'NdLsf] ;+of]hg Pj+ k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf]
cfof]hgfdf kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f sfo{s|d @)*) dª\l;/ @@ ut]
u'NdLsf] tD3f;df ;DkGg eof] . sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf sfplG;n ;b:o z/bk|;fb
clwsf/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf sfplG;n ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;],
d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fn, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no u'NdLsf ;xfos k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/L xl/k|;fb u}/], k|x/L pk/LIfs gjLg lszf]/ k|wfg, ;z:q k|x/L
gfoj pk/LIfs ;~hLj sfsL{, ;ª\u|fd zfb'{n u'Nd ;]gfgL czf]ss'df/ sfsL{
cflbsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
;f]s|ddf sfplG;nsf] 6f]nLn] u'NdLsf] tD3f;df /x]sf] h]7f] /]l8of] …/]l8of]
/];ª' \ufÚ !)^=@ d]uf3h{sf] sfof{nodf cjnf]sg u/]sf] lyof] . cjnf]sgdf
k'u]sf] 6f]nL;dIf /]l8of]sf cWoIf Pj+ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 u'NdLsf k"j{
cWoIf xl/s'df/ >]i7 / :6]zg Dofg]h/ clgtf sfsL{n] /]l8of]af/] hfgsf/L
u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf ljifo
= ;"rgf clwsf/L k|lzlIft gx'Fbf ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ sl7g
= ;dodf kfl/>lds e'QmfgL gx'g] u/]sf]
= k|]; sfplG;n klg ;dofg's"n ;'wf/ x'g'kg]{
= ldl8of dh{sf] Joj:yf ug{ kxn ug{'kg]{
= cgnfOg juL{s/0f ug'{kg]{ / kqsf/ tyf o'6\o'a/lar e]b 5'6\ofOg'kg]{

uf]/vf
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf tyf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 uf]/vfsf]
;+of]hgdf @)*) df3 @* ut] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] .

11
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 uf]/vfsf sfo{jfxs cWoIf g/]Gb| 9sfnsf] cWoIftfdf

ePsf] sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf ;b:ox¿ lbks kf08] / b'uf{ e08f/L kf}8]n, uf]/vfsf
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ef]nf bfxfn, k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo
clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfn, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 uf]/vfsf k"j{cWoIf
lszf]/hª\u yfkf, x'nfs sfof{no uf]/vfsf ljgf]b u}/] nufotn] cfˆgf wf/0ff
/fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t bLks vgfn / ;b:o
lbks kf08]sf] k|:t'lt /x]sf] sfo{s|dsf] ;xhLs/0f g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3,
uf]/vfsf ;lrj ljsf; d/x¶fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}lar sfplG;nsf] 6f]nLn] uf]/vfsf s]xL kqklqsf / PkmPd /]l8of]sf]
sfof{no cjnf]sg ug'{sf ;fy} kqklqsf 5flkg] k|];sf] lg/LIf0f u/]sf] lyof] .
;f] s|ddf uf]/vfdf b/f}FbL, uf]/vf ;dfrf/ / ;'?jft b}lgs tyf ;'gf}nf] va/
;fKtflxs klqsf 5flkg] u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] . oL ;a} klqsf uf]/vf
gu/kflnsf x/d6f/Ll:yt dgf:n' ckm;]6 5fkfvfgfdf 5flkg] u/]sf] kfOof] .
;fy}, uf]/vfdf ck;]6 k|]; gePsf] / cGo lhNnfdf nu]/ 5fKg Jofjxfl/s
gePsfn] kf]lnKn]6df g} 5fKg'k/]sf] k|sfzs÷;Dkfbssf] egfO lyof] . uf]/vfdf
RjfO; PkmPd, /]l8of] dgf:n' PkmPd !)#=( d]ufxh{, /]l8of] uf]/vf, dft[e"ld
PkmPd, /]l8of] xdL{ PkmPd, /]l8of] kfn'ª\6f/, /]l8of] dgsfdgf PkmPd /
uf]/vsfnL PkmPd /x] klg xfn dgf:n', uf]/vf, RjfO; PkmPd / kfn'ª\6f/
PkmPd lgoldt rn]sf kfOP . uf]/vf ;Gb]z 86sd, cgnfOg uf]/vf 86sd,
RjfO; PkmPd 86sd, gful/s ;jfn 86sd, uf]/vf ;dfrf/ 86sd, ;'gf}nf]
klqsf 86sdh:tf cgnfOg /x]sf] b]lvof]
tgx'“
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 tgx'Fsf]
;+of]hgdf @)*! df3 @( ut] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg
eof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 tgx'Fsf cWoIf pHjn kf}8]nsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf]
sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf ;b:ox¿ lbks kf08] / b'uf{ e08f/L kf}8]n, jl/i7
k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfn, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 tgx'Fsf
k"j{ cWoIfnufotn] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo
clws[t bLks vgfn / ;b:o b'uf{ e08f/L kf}8]nsf] k|:t'lt /x]sf] sfo{s|dsf]
;xhLs/0f g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3, tgx'Fsf ;lrj k|tfk /fgfn] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{s|dsf ;xefuLn] tgx'Fdf * j6f b}lgs, !@ j6f PkmPd /]l8of], @&

12
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

j6f cgnfOg dfWod /x] klg ;a}sf] cj:yf bogLo /x]sf] u'gf;f] JoSt u/] .
pgLx¿n] ;~rfngdf /x]sf ldl8of s'g a]nf aGb x'G5g\ eGg] 7]ufg gePsf]
eGb} sfplG;nn] ldl8of arfpg kxn ug'{kg]{ atfP . clwsf+z kqsf/n]
cgnfOgsf] juL{s/0f x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbP .
dsjfgk'/
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / rnlrq kqsf/ ;ª\3sf] ;+of]hgdf
dsjfgk'/ lhNnf x]6f}F8fdf cfhsf] rnlrq, kqsfl/tf / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;jfn
ljifos sfo{s|d kmfu'g ^ ut] ;DkGg eof] .
g]kfn rnlrq kqsf/ ;ª\3sf cWoIf ;dL/ anfdLsf] cWoIftf tyf k|];
sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg pQm
sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;] cfrf/;+lxtfsf ;Gbe{df
rnlrq kqsf/nfO{ hfgsf/L;lxtsf] k|:t'lt lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf g]kfn
6]lnlehgsf dxfk|aGws km"ndfg an, lj1fkg af]8{sf cWoIf nId0f x'dfufO{F,
rnlrq ljsf; af]8{sf cWoIf e'jg s];L, rnlrqsdL{ g/]Gb| dxh{g, kqsf/
zflGt lk|o, rnlrq kqsf/ ;ª\3 dsjfgk'/sf cWoIf slkn v8\sf, g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 dsjfgk'/sf zfvfsf cWoIf;lxt sfo{s|ddf !*# hgf
kqsf/sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . kmfu'g % b]lv * ut]];Dd cfof]hgf ePsf]
g]kfn rnlrq kqsf/ ;ª\3sf] k|yd /fli6«o e]nfdf ePsf ljleGg ;];gdWo]
kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf ljifos ;];g k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf ljifoj:t'
= kqsf/n] ;dfrf/nfO{ lj1fkg agfpg gx'g]
= cfrf/;+lxtfsf] hfFr lbP/ kqsfl/tf ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kg]{
= kqsfl/tfdf rnlrq la6nfO{ yk ljsf; lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{
= juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/, ljlw / k|ls|of af/]df cled'vLs/0f ug]{÷u/fpg]

g'jfsf]6
‍k];
| sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 g'jfsf]6 zfvfsf]
;+of]hgdf ldlt @)*) kmfu'g #) ut] g'jfsf]6sf] ljb'/df …:yfgLo ;~rf/
dfWod / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;jfnÚ ljifos cGt/ls|of sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] . k|];

13
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

sfplG;n g]kfnsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf;DaGwL

hfgsf/L lbFb} kqklqsf juL{s/0f Pj+ g'jfsf]6sf] ldl8of / o;sf] cj:yf
tyf sfplG;nsf] clen]vdf g'jfsf]6sf] kqsfl/tfsf] cj:yf;lxt cGt/ls|of
sfo{s|dsf] z'ef/De ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWod ;an
agfpg] ;Gbe{df k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn ls|ofzLn /x]sf] / :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWodn]
kfpFb} cfPsf] nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkgsf] /sd bf]Aa/ j[l4 ug{ ;/sf/;Fu dfu
ul/Psf] nufotsf] ljifodf sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] hfgsf/L
lbg'ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 g'jfsf]6sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf gjbLk
>]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{s|ddf sfplG;n ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;];lxt
g'jfsf]6sf @& hgf kqsf/sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf ljifo
= :yfgLo ljsf;sf] d]?b08 g} :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWod ePsfn] tLg} txsf]
;/sf/n] :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWonfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{
= kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf g} kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodsf] plrt sfg'g ePsf
sf/0f o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog cfjZos /x]sf]
= ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ubf{ klg dof{lbt x'g'kg]{

/;'jf
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 /;'jf zfvfsf]
;+of]hgdf ldlt @)*) r}t ! ut] /;'jfsf] w'Gr]df …:yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWod
/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;jfnÚ ljifos cGtls|of sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] . sfo{s|ddf
sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]t, ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;], d'Vo clws[t
emlaGb| e';fn, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L j]blglw vgfn, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no
/;'jfsf k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs ;'jf; a'9fyf]sL, /;'jf gful/s ;dfhsf cWoIf
afa'nfn tfdfª, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 /;'jfsf k"j{cWoIf x]dgfy vltj8f,
Ho]i7 kqsf/ 1fg]Gb| Gof}kfg], sflGtk'/sf an/fd l3ld/]nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf]
lyof] . /;'jfsf @@ hgf kqsf/sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] sfo{s|ddf g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;ª\3 /;'jf zfvfsf] ;b:o ;/:jtL Gof}kfg]sf] cWoIftf /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf d'Vo ljifo
= /;'jfdf ;~rf/ dfWod l6Sg g;Sg] ;d:ofaf/] sfplG;nn] cWoog ug'{kg]{

14
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= ldl8ofsf] ;fy} ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 ;d]t ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ubf{ klg

dof{lbt x'g / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug{ h?/L /x]sf]
= ;dfrf/ lbFbf ;~rf/ dfWodn] zAb rogdf Wofg lbg'kg]{
= ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf sf/0f xfn kqsfl/tfdf r'gf}tL ylkPsf]

eQmk'/
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfdf ;fd"lxs k|lta4tf
u/fpFb} hfu/0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg u¥of] . @)*! h]7 ! ut] eQmk'/sf] 8f]n]Zj/df
sfplG;n4f/f cfof]lht sfo{s|dsf] pb\3f6gd} ;a} ;xefuLn] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f
ubf{ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug]{ / u/fpg] ;fd"lxs k|lta4tf JoQm
u/] . …kqsf/ cfrf/;++lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug{ / u/fpg xfdL k|lta4 5f}FÚ,
pb\3f6gsf s|ddf ;xefuL ;a} kqsf/n] eg] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf
/ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 eQmk'/sf] ;dGjodf ePsf] o'6\o'a, cgnfOg;lxt
kqsfl/tfsf r'gf}tL / cfrf/;+lxtfsf ;jfn sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL ePsf ljleGg
;dfrf/ dfWodsf ;Dkfbs, kqsf/ tyf ;~rf/sdL{n] o:tf] k|lta4tf hgfP .
sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug]{
gfddf kqsf/nfO{ uNtL ug]{ 5'6 gePsf] atfpg'eof] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf 5fkf
dfWodn] klg o'6\o'a, cgnfOgdf hfg'k/]sf] rrf{ ub}{ pxfFn] clxn]sf] ;dodf
l8lh6n ldl8ofsf] Kn]6kmd{ k|of]u gu/L w/ gePsf] t/ h'g;'s} ldl8ofn] klg
clgjfo{¿kdf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug{'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . sfo{s|ddf /fli6«o
;dfrf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf Pj+ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf k"j{cWoIf wd]{Gb| emfn]
sfplG;nn] o'6\o'a;lxtsf gofF ldl8ofnfO{ Jojl:yt 9ª\un] lgodg ub}{ cfPsf]
eGb} cGo lgsfon] klg of] sfddf ;xhLs/0f ug{'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . sfo{s|ddf
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf ljk'n kf]v]n | n] 5fkf dfWod klg …l8lh6nfOhÚ
x'Fb} uPsf] atfpg'eof] . kqsf/ pHjn cfrfo{n] cWoogaf6 ldl8ofsf] cfosf]
¿kdf @& j6f ljsNk /x]sf] rrf{ ub}{ ljBdfg kqsfl/tfsf r'gf}tL ljifodf
sfo{kq /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . ;~rf/ dfWodsf] cfo;|f]t sdhf]/ aGb} hfF+bf To;;F+u
;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfn] lj1fkgsf] ljsNk vf]Hg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf k|]; sfplG;nsf k"j{cWoIf dfyj/l;+x a:g]t, kqsf/ tLy{ sf]O/fnf,
cv08 e08f/L, b'uf{ vgfn, uf]kfn vgfn, s]bf/gfy sf]O/fnf, df]xg afF:tf]nf,
/fdsnf v8\sf, s[i0f ls;L, sf}zn e6\6/fO{, /Tg >]i7 nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf]

15
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

lyof] . sfo{s|ddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 eQmk'/sf cWoIf hut k|hfkltn]

:jfut dGtJo /fVb} eQmk'/df ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;du| ;~rf/ dfWodsf]
cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] . klxnf];qsf] ;xhLs/0f sfplG;nsf
af]8{ ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;] / bf];|f] ;qsf] ;xhLs/0f d'Vo clws[t emlaGb|
e';fnn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

!=!=$ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d ldlt
@)&* r}tb]lv lgoldt¿kdf ;~‍rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] sfo{s|d xf] . cfly{s jif{
@)*)÷*! ;Dddf $^ j6f cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . cf=j=
@)*)÷*! df o:tf !* j6f sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] .
cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df ^)@ j6f gofF cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWodsf
;~rfns, ;Dkfbs / cGo kqsf/ u/L Ps xhf/ @% eGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf
/x]sf] lyof] . kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf / k|;] sfplG;nåf/f hf/L ul/Psf] rf/j6f
lgb]l{ zsfsf ;DaGwdf b'O{ ;qdf sfo{sd| ljefhg u/L ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{sd| df ;|ft] JolQmsf] ¿kdf kqsfl/tf If]qdf ljlzi6 cg'ej ePsf JolQmTj
/ sfplG;nsf kbflwsf/L tyf Ho]i7 sd{rf/Laf6 sfo{kq k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .

!=!=% :ynut cg'udg

sflGtk'/ ldl8of u'|ksf] cg'udg
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] sflGtk'/ ldl8of u'|ksf cWoIf s}nfz l;/f]lxofnfO{
g]kfn k|x/Ln] sflGtk'/ ldl8of u'|ksf] sfof{noaf6} ks|fp u/]sf] ljifosf
af/]df /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ldl8of hutnufot ljleGg If]qaf6 cfPsf
l6sfl6Kk0fLnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ @)*! h]7 !) ut]sf lbg sflGtk'/ b}lgssf]
sfof{nodf cg'udg e|d0f u¥of] . pQm cg'udg sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]t / d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ;+o'Qm¿kdf ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf
cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] sfplG;nsf] tkm{af6 wf/0ff /fVb}} k|]; sfplG;ndf
g]kfn af/ / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf] k|ltlglw;d]t ;b:o /xg] cg'udg
pk;ldlt ls|ofzLn /x]sf] / of] ljifodf cWoog cg'';Gwfg eO/x]sf] :d/0f
u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . :jR5, :jtGq ¿kdf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{ k|f]T;flxt

16
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

ug{s} nflu sfplG;nsf] :yfkgf ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] ;~rf/sdL{nfO{ qf;lbdf

/fVg], wDsfpg]h:tf sfo{sf] sfplG;n ;b}j ljkIfdf /x]sf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
cg'udgsf s|ddf sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] sfplG;nn] cfGtl/
s¿kdf b'j} kIfaf6 cfPsf ljifonfO{ uDeL/¿kdf cWoog ul//x]sf] / o;sf]
:jcg'udg;d]t eO/x]sf] s'/f /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] s}nfz l;/f]lxofsf] ks|fp
;dfrf/sf] k|efjsf sf/0faf6 l;lh{t kl/l:ylt xf], xf]Og < cg';Gwfgsf] kIf /x]sf]
atfpg'eof] . pQm cg'udgsf s|ddf sflGtk'/ b}lgssf kqsf/ s[i0f cfrfo{,
O{sflGtk'/sf ;Dkfbs b'uf{ vgfnnufon] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
cg'udgsf s|ddf p7]sf ljifo
= dfgjclwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ uDeL/¿kdf lng'kg]{
= k|];df w/ks8 ug{ gx'g]
= Go'h¿ddf :jtGq / :jR5¿kdf sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f x'g'kg]{
= ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ qf;lbdf /fVg gx'g]
= ;a}n] k|]; :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ug'{kg]{

;~rf/ dfWod;“u sfplG;n sfo{s|d

/f;;;Fu sfplG;n
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] ;~rf/ dfWod;Fu sfplG;n cleofgcGtu{t
@)*! h]7 @* ut] /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt -/f;;_sf kqsf/;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf]
5 . 5nkmndf sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] kqsf/n] /rgfTds /
u'0f:t/Lo ;dfrf/ pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . a:g]tn] u'0f:t/Lo
;dfrf/n] kqsfl/tfsf] ul/df pRr agfpg'sf ;fy} ;dfhdf km}lnPsf] e|dk"0f{
;"rgf / ckmjfxsf] ;d:of xn ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] pNn]v ug{'eof] . /f;;sf
cWoIf wd]{Gb| emfn] ;dfrf/sf] ljifoj:t' hgd'vL / pTk|]/s agfpg] ;Gbe{df
;d]t sfplG;nn] ljz]if sfo{s|d ug{'kg]{ pNn]v ug{'eof] . sfplG;nsf d'Vo
clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ;xhLs/0f ug{'ePsf] 5nkmn sfo{s|ddf /f;;sf
dxfk|aGws l;4/fh /fO{, gfoa dxfk|aGws Zofdk|;fb l/dfn, k|wfg;Dkfbs
pQd l;njfn, k|d'v ;dfrf/bftf Ps/fh kf7s nufotn] ;dfrf/ n]vg /
;Dk|]if0fsf ljleGg cj:yf / ;d:ofaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL

17
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|ddf sfplG;nsf cWoIf a:g]tn] /f;;df hf/L …u0ftGqsf pknlAwM ;d[l4sf

nflu k"jf{wf/Ú zLif{ssf] tl:a/ k|bz{gLsf] cjnf]sg ug{'eof] .

uf]/vfkq b}lgs;Fu sfplG;n

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] ;'? u/]sf] ;~rf/ dfWod;Fu sfplG;nsf}
l;nl;nfdf uf]/vfkq b}lgs;Fu sfplG;n sfo{s|d @)*! h]7 @( ut]
uf]/vfkq b}lgssf] ;efxndf ;DkGg eof] . sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf cWoIf
a:g]tn] ;~rf/ dfWodn] cfGtl/s cfrf/;+lxtf agfP/ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg
;Sg] / To;sf] ;'?jft uf]/vfkqaf6 x'g;Sg] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] s'g}
klg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|]lift ;dfrf/sf ljifodf cfPsf] ph'/L tTsfn
;Daf]wg x'g] ljZjf; lbnfpg'eof] . uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgsf cWoIf lji0f'
;'j]bLn] :jcfrf/;+lxtfsf] cEof; ;'? ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfo{s|ddf
sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fn, ;xk|zf;sLo clws[t /fdz/0f
af]x/f, zfvf clws[t ;'jf; /fO{, ldl8of cg'udgstf{ ljk'n kf08], /fhgl;+x
7s'/L o:t} uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgsf dxfk|aGws nfnaxfb'/ P]/L, k|wfg;Dkfbs
lzjs'df/ e§/fO{, b /fOlhª g]kfnsf k|wfg;Dkfbs eLd;]g yklnof,
uf]/vfkqsf k|d'v ;dfrf/bftf s]bf/ e§/fO{, k|aGw;Dkfbs h'gf/afa' a:g]t
nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . uf]/vfkq b}lgsdf sfo{/t kqsf/n]
;dfrf/ ;ª\sngb]lv ;Dk|]if0f ubf{;Dd cfkm"x¿n] ef]u]sf ;d:of / r'gf}tLaf/]
hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . 6f]nLn] uf]/vfkqn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] kmf]6f] k|bz{gLsf]
;d]t cjnf]sg u/]sf] lyof] .

/]l8of] g]kfn;Fu sfplG;n

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] @)*! h]7 #@ ut] /]l8of] g]kfn;Fu sfplG;n sfo{s|d
/]l8of] g]kfnsf] ;efxn l;x+b/af/df ;DkGg u¥of] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf d'Vo
clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ;xhLs/0f ug{'ePsf] pQm sfo{s|ddf b'j}tkm{sf u/L
sl/a #) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]tn] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjogdf r'gf}tL
yk]sf] pNn]v ub}{ kqsfl/tf k];fnfO{ dof{lbt / ljZj;gLo agfpg ;~rf/
dfWodx¿n] ;d]t cfGtl/s cfrf/;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kg]{
atfpg'eof] . cWoIf a:g]tn] ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] ;/sf/sf lg0f{o /

18
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

sfdsf/afxLsf ;fy;fy} cfnf]rgfTds r]t;lxtsf ;fdu|LnfO{ ;d]t :yfg

lbg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . sfo{s|ddf /]l8of] g]kfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs a'l4axfb'/
s];L, sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfn, /]l8of]
g]kfnsf lgb]{zs k'is//fh uf}td, /]l8of] g]kfnsf gfoj sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
vu]Gb| vqLnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf ljifo
= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjogdf r'gf}tL
yk]sf]
= cfrf/;+lxtfsf] cIf/zM kfngf / :jlgodgsf] dfWodaf6 ;~rf/
dfWodnfO{ cg'zfl;t / ljZj;gLo agfpg ;lsg]
= /fHon] lbPsf] bfloTj cg'?k k|;f/0fnfO{ ;dfj]zL / hgkIfLo agfpg'kg]{
= k|]; sfplG;nn] hgtfdf ldl8of ;fIf/tf km}nfP/ ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPsf
;fdu|Lx¿sf] d"Nofª\sg / 5gf}6 ug{;Sg] agfpg] u/L cfˆgf] e"ldsf yk
km/flsnf] agfpFb} n}hfg'kg]{
= o; k|sf/sf sfo{s|d lgoldt x'g'kg]{ .

& j6} k|b]znlIft ldl8of cg'udg

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] & j6} k|b]znlIft ldl8of cg'udg sfo{s|d ;DkGg
u/]sf] 5 . pQm cg'udg sfplG;ndf sfo{/t sd{rf/Ln] ljleGg k|b]z /
lhNnfdf uO kqsfl/tf hut\ / ;~rf/ dfWodsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf ;fy}
;~rf/ hut\nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0fn] s'g ¿kdf x]l//x]sf 5g\ eGg]df s]lGb|t /x]sf]
lyof] . :ynut cg'udgsf s|ddf sfplG;nsf ;b:o Pj+ sd{rf/Lx¿ g'jfsf]6,
wflbª, dsjfgk'/, ;'g;/L, emfkf, Onfd, d':tfª, DofUbL, ?kGb]xL, kfNkf, af/f,
k;f{, /f}tx6, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/, df]/ª, wgs'6f, lrtjg, tgx'F, uf]/vf, l;Gw'nL,
pbok'/, /fd]5fk, sflnsf]6, h'Dnf, ;'v]{t, afUn'ª, sfe|]knf~rf]s, l;Gw'kfNrf]s,
bf]nvf, 88]Nw'/f, a}t8L, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, tfKn]h'ª, kfFry/, b}n]v, hfh/sf]6,
afun'ª, kj{t, slknj:t', Ko'7fg lhNnfdf k'u]sf lyP .
cg'udgaf6 k|fKt ;'emfj
= ldl8ofsf] cg'udg k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ub}{ cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf gug]{nfO{

19
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

Ifdtf x]/]/ sf/afxL ug]{ gug]{ k|ls|ofnfO{ /f]Sb} lagf s'g} 5'6 ;dfg sfg'gL
sf/afxL ug]{ / va/bf/L ub}{ sfg'gsf] zf;g / k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnnfO{
yk k|efjsf/L agfpg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
= x/]s ;~rf/ dfWodsf] k|of]u s;/L eO/x]sf] 5, To;sf] n]vfhf]vf x'g
cfjZos 5 ls, lgoldt kqklqsfsf] ;"rgf hf] sf]xL JolQmn] ;lhn} lng,
;Gb]z kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\, To;nfO{ cgnfOg tyf ;~hfnaf6 ;d]t k|jfx
x'g] u/L kx'Fr k'¥ofpFbf k|efjsf/L x'g]5 .
= ldl8of tyf kqsfl/tf;DaGwL ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{s|d ;~rfng
ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
= ;"rLs/0f, gjLs/0f / juL{s/0f cgnfOgaf6 ul/g'kb{5 .
= kqsf/sf] of]Uotf tyf ;DalGwt k];fsf] nfO;]G; k|0ffnL sfod ug{'kb{5 .
= ;Dk/LIf0f;DaGwL dfkb08df ;'wf/ ug{'kb{5 .
= k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] P]g, lgod, ljlgod ;+zf]wg ug{'kb{5 .
= vf]hd"ns kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 . ;dfrf/ Copy Paste ug]{ k|j[lQ
;'wf/ ug{'kb{5 .
= kqsf/sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{sf] nflu kqsf/d}qL sfo{s|d ;~rfng
ug{'kb{5 .
= hgk|ltlglwx¿n] :yfgLo ldl8of / kqsf/sf] dxTj ga'em]sfn] sfplG;nn]
;a} kflnsfsf k|d'v÷pkk|d'vnfO{ ldl8ofsf] dxTj a'emfpg] u/L sfo{s|d
ug{'kb{5 .
= sfplG;nsf] af]8{n] ug]{ lg0f{o ;~rf/ If]q k|jw{g x'g] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5
= lhNnfut ¿kdf kqsf/sf nflu tflnd / cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d ;~rfng
ug{'kb{5 .
= kqsf/sf] of]Uotf tf]lsg'kb{5 / kqsfl/tf ug{sf nflu cg'dltkqsf]
Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
= sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L -sf]le8–!(_ kl5 ldl8of cfly{s ;ª\s6df k/]sfn] o;sf]
cl:tTj hf]ufpgsf nflu cg'bfgsf] bfo/f a9fpg'kb{5 .
= k|]; sfplG;nn] cfˆgf] sfo{sf] bfo/f a9fpFb} lhNnf:t/df nfdf] ;dob]lv
sfo{/t ;~rf/sdL{sf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/fpFb} pgLx¿sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf a9fpg
kxn ug'{kb{5 .
= nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkg afktsf] /sddf j[l4 u/L sfuh, d;L nufot

20
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

kqklqsfsf] xsdf cg'bfg Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 . cGo ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{

;d]t ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf lj1fkg lbOg'kb{5 .
= ;dfrf/ k|sfzg u/]sf] cfwf/df x'g] kqsf/dflysf] cfs|d0f /f]Sg bf]ifLnfO{
s8f sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpgkb{5 . sfplG;nn] sfg'gdf yk s8fO
ug{'k5{ .
= kqklqsf nf]stGqsf] kx/]bf/ xf] eGg] :yflkt ug{ ;/sf/n] klqsf
hf]ufpg] sfo{s|d Nofpg'kb{5 .
= sfplG;ndf btf{ gePsf cJojl:yt ldl8of vf/]hL u/fpg], aGb u/fpg]
/ btf{ ePsfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu lgu/fgL ug]{ ug'{kb{5 .
= s'g} klg bnut dfgl;stf /fv]/ lg/Gt/ PskIfLo ;dfrf/ n]Vg],
gsf/fTds k|rf/df dfq plqg]nfO{ sf/afxL ug{'k5{ .

!=!=^ ldl8of ;fIf/tf sfo{s|d

ndh'ª
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 ndh'ªsf]
;+of]hgdf @)*! df3 @( ut] ldl8of ;fIf/tf sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] . g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 ndh'ªsf cWoIf k/d]Zj/ clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf]
sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf ;b:ox¿ lbks kf08] / b'uf{ e08f/L kf}8]n, jl/i7
k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfn, ndh'ªsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
pdfsfGt clwsf/L, k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs ldgaxfb'/ 3n], ;z:q k|x/L gfoj
pk/LIfs r]tgfy zdf{, a];L;x/ gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t
r]tgfy cof{n, d:of{ª\bL ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t uf}td
kª\u]gL nufotn] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf ldl8of ;fIf/tf, kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf / cg'udg ljifodf sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t bLks
vgfn / ldl8of ;fIf/tf / sfg'g ;DaGwdf sfplG;nsf ;b:o b'uf{ e08f/L
kf}8]nn] k|:t'lt /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
af/f
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 af/fsf]
;+of]hgdf ;~rf/ dfWodsf r'gf}tL Pj+ ldl8of ;fIf/tf sfo{s|d kmfu'g % ut]
af/fsf] lghu9df ;DkGg eof] . sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tsf] k|d'v

21
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

cfltYotfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{s|d kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 lhNnf zfvf af/fsf cWoIf
/]zd ltjf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg eof]] . sfo{s|ddf :yfgLo:t/sf kqsf/n]
ef]u]sf ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf] pkfodfly k|Zgf]Q/ tl/sfaf6 ;dfwfg vf]lhPsf]
lyof] . sfplG;nsf ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;], d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fn,
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 s]Gb|Lo ;lrj uf]ljGb rf}nfufO{F, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
af/fsf k"j{cWoIfx¿ u'¿k|;fb uf}td, nIdL ;fx, jl/i7 kqsf/ ;Tok|sf;
>]i7, uf]s'n 3f]/f;fOg], pk]Gb| 7fs'/, dxf;ª\3 af/fsf k"j{pkfWoIf /fs]z kf08],
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 dw]z k|b]z ;b:o dx]Zj/ clwsf/Lnufotn] af/fdf
kqsfl/tf / kqsf/sf] ;d:ofaf/] cjut u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf %!
hgf kqsf/sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf ljifo
= af/f lhNnfdf *)÷() klqsf btf{ /x]sf]df & b}lgs / % ;fKtflxs
k|sflzt eO/x]sf]
= kqsfl/tf If]qsf] :t/ vl:sPsfn] kqsf/ eGg klg cK7\of/f] nfUg] u/]sf]
= juL{s/0fdf k/]sf sltko klqsf aGb /x]sfn] juL{s/0fdfly k|Zg p7]sf]
= kqsf/n] ;dfrf/eGbf a9L lj1fkgdf Wofg lbg] u/]sf], lj1fkg gkfP,
t;f{pg] u/]sf]
= :yfgLo If]qn] % nfveGbf d'lgsf] 6]08/ :yfgLo If]qaf6} k|sflzt ug]{
k|fjwfg eP klg kqsf/sf] ljjfbn] g} ubf{ s]Gb|af6 k|sflzt x'g] ;/sf/L
b}lgsdf k7fpg] ul/Psf]
= ahf/df gb]lvPsf kqklqsfdf ;"rgf cfpg] u/]sf] / lj1fkg cfpFbf
kqklqsf ahf/df cfpg] u/]sf]
= bnut k|j[lQn] kqsfl/tfdf r'gf}tL a9]sf]
= cfdfrf;f]sf ljifoeGbf /fhgLlts :jfy{sf ljifon] :yfgLo kqsfl/tfdf
:yfg cf]u6]sf]
= bnsf] l;kmfl/;df dfq g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf] ;b:o a:g'kg]{ afWotf
= P]g, sfg'g l56\6} aGg'kg]{, :yfgLo tyf k|b]z ;/sf/n] kqsf/nfO{
ldl8ofd}qL Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{
= lj1fkg ah]6df 7'nf ldl8of g} xfaL x'g] u/]sf], lj1fkg ubf{ …/]6Ú lgwf{/0f
x'g'kg]{
= ;Dkfbs aGg slDtdf laP;Ddsf] cWoog x'g'kg]{

22
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= &) k|ltzt lj1fkg :yfgLo lgsfosf sd{rf/L / lj1fkg Ph]G;L aGb

x'g'kg]{
= km];a'snufot ;fdflhs ;~hfnnfO{ ;d]t lgodg ul/g'kg]{

!=!=& o'6\o'a;lxt ;fdflhs ;~hfn Joj:yfkg;DaGwL -;Dkfbs

;+jfb;lxt_ sfo{s|d
eStk'/
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf @)*) ;fpg @@ / @# ut] eQmk'/sf]
/fgLsf]6df …Go' ldl8of / kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfÚ ljifos ;Dkfbs ;+jfb sfo{s|d
;DkGg eof] . sfo{s|dn] kqsfl/tfdf a9\bf] ;fdflhs ;~hfn b'?kof]usf]
Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;r]tgf a9fpg'kg]{ lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] lyof] . sfo{s|dnfO{
;Daf]wg ub}{ ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL /]vf zdf{n] Go' ldl8ofsf] Joj:yfkg
:jlgodgaf6 g} ug{ ;lsg] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] Go' ldl8ofnfO{ :jcg'zfl;t
u/fpg], :jlgodgdf /fVg] ljifo r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] eP klg o;}af6 Joj:yfkg
ug{'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf k"j{cWoIf /fh]Gb| bfxfnn] …Go' ldl8of
/ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfsf r'gf}tLÚ ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{kqdfly jl/i7 kqsf/ lszf]/ g]kfn / alatf a:g]tn] l6Kk0fL ug{'ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{s|d b'O{ lbg;Dd rn]sf] lyof] . klxnf] lbgsf] sfo{s|ddf cgnfOg
l6eL kqsf/ ;ª\3sf cWoIf hLjg e08f/L, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf jl/i7
pkfWoIf /d]z lai6, k"j{cWoIf lzj ufpFn] / 8f= dx]Gb| lai6, ;Dkfbsx¿ tLy{
sf]O/fnf, k|tLs k|wfg, cldt 9sfn, lbne"if0f kf7s, l6sf/fd ofqL, ;fu/
kl08t, ;l/tf>L 1jfnL, b]ljsf 3tL{ du/ nufotn] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
o:t} bf];|f] lbg ;fdflhs ;~hfn lj1 8f= /flhj ;'Aafn] ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]
lgodgsf ljifodf /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o cEof; ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ug{'ePsf]
lyof] . bf];|f] lbgsf] cGt/ls|ofTds 5nkmndf sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]t, Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf cWoIf ;+lutf v8\sf, ;"rgf tyf
k|;f/0f ljefusf dxflgb]{zs z+s/ g]kfn, ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfnosf
;x;lrj g]q ;'j]bL, cGt/f{li6«o kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf k|ltlglw ab|L l;Ub]n, g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf k"j{cWoIf 8f= dx]Gb| lai6, k|]; sfplG;nsf ;b:o b'uf{
e08f/L kf}8]n, cgnfOg l6eL kqsf/ ;ª\3sf cWoIf hLjg e08f/L, jl/i7

23
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

kqsf/ alatf a:g]t, lgd{nf zdf{, ;Dkfbsx¿ pd]z rf}xfg, cv08 e08f/L,
b'uf{ ;'j]bL, sdnb]j e§/fO{, ljZjf; a/fn, ;fu/ kl08t, clwjQmf tyf kqsf/
lnnfw/ l3ld/], sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfn
nufotn] ;xeflutf hgfpg'eof] . d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] sfplG;nn]
ljutb]lv xfn;Dd u/]sf sfo{s|dsf ;'emfjsf cfwf/df g} sfd ul//x]sf] eGb}
o; ;+jfbn] yk sfo{of]hgf agfpg dfu{bz{g u/]sf] pNn]v ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf d'Vo ljifoj:t'
= cgnfOg dfWod -Go' ldl8of_sf] cg'udg / Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L agfpg
:ki6 sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{'k5{ .
= ;fdflhs ;~hfn -ljz]ifu/L km];a's, o'6\o'a, l6s6s_af6 ;Dk|]lift
gsf/fTds ;fdu|L ;dfhdf cg]s ;d:of pTkGg x'g] u/]sfn] o;sf]
lgodg ug{, :ki6 gLlt Nofpg'kb{5 .
= ;~rf/ dfWod / kqsf/sf nflu cfrf/;+lxtf cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d
lg/Gt/ ug{'kb{5 .
= ldl8of ln6]/];L, ;"rgf k|ljlwnufotsf ljifodf hfu/0f cleofg
rnfpg'kb{5 .
= cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fusf] ;d]t ;/;Nnfx, 5nkmnsf cfwf/df ljBdfg
kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfdf ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g÷;+zf]wg ug{'kb{5 .
= kqsf/÷ldl8ofnfO{ btf{, ;"rLs/0f, k|]; kf; / x'nfs l6s6 nufotsf
ljifodf ePsf÷k/]sf cK7\of/f klxrfg u/L PsLs[t¿kdf ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug{'kb{5 .
= Go' ldl8ofnfO{ :jlgodgaf6 :jcg'zfl;t u/fpg / Jojl:yt ug{
;lsG5 .
= Go' ldl8ofnfO{ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf / d"No–dfGotfsf] kfngfdf k|f]T;flxt
ug{'kb{5 .
= kqsfl/tfdf /fhgLlt xfaL x'Fbf ljs[lt a9\g] x'gfn] kqsfl/tfnfO{ dof{lbt
/ Jojl:yt agfpg sfplG;nsf] e"ldsf km/flsnf] agfpg'kb{5 .
= Go' ldl8ofnfO{ dfu{bz{g u/L :jlgodgsf nflu k|]l/t / ;xof]u ug{ h?/L
5.

24
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= kqsfl/tfdf a9\bf] ;fdflhs ;~hfn b'?kof]usf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu

;r]tgf a9fpg'kb{5 .
= ;fdflhs ;~hfndf cfpg] gsf/fTds / å]ifk"0f{ k|rf/ x'g glbg ;r]tgf
j[l4 ug{ h?/L 5 .
sf7df8f}“
k|]; sfpl;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / Jofj;flos kqsfl/tf cWoog s]Gb|sf]
;dGjodf @)*) df3 @^ ut] sf7df8f}Fsf] alQ;k'tnLdf …o'6\o'a;lxt ;fdflhs
;~hfnsf] ldl8ofdf k|efjÚ ljifos …;Dkfbs ;+jfbÚ sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] .
sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfnn] ;xhLs/0f
ug'{ePsf] sfo{s|ddf Kf|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]t, Jofj;flos
kqsfl/tf cWoog s]Gb|sf ;+:yfks jl/i7 kqsf/ lszf]/ g]kfn, Jofj;flos
kqsfl/tf cWoog s]Gb|sL sfo{sf/L cWoIf ?lr >]i7, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf
cWoIf ljk'n kf]v]n| , ;~rfl/sf ;d"xsL dxf;lrj a;GtL af:tf]nf, lj1fkg
af]8{sf cWoIf nId0f x'dfufOF, kqsf/ lag' ;'j]bL, k|tLs k|wfg, c¿0f a/fn,
s]kL 9'ª\ufgf, uh]Gb| a'9fyf]sL, hLjg e08f/L, Ps/fh kf7s, kbd/fh hf]zL,
kljqf ;'gf/, lji0f'uf]kfn s';L, sNkgf cfrfo{, k'ikx/L SofDkf /fO{, dflqsf
kf}8]n, k|sfz l/dfn, pkf;gf l3ld/], Hof]lt lh=;L=, zDe' >]i7, ;dfhjfbL k|];
;ª\u7gsf cWoIf ljZjdl0f ;'j]bLnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= :t/Lo cgnfOg dfWodnfO{ s;/L ljjfb/lxt 9ª\un] juL{s/0f ug{] egL
sfplG;nn] cWoog ul//x]sf]
= cleJolQm :jtGqtfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbFbf sfplG;nh:tf lgsfon]
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] cg'udg / lgodg ug'{kg{]
= ldl8of If]qdf sl7gfO pTkGg x'Fb} uPsf]
= lj1fkgbftfn] ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t l;w} lj1fkg lbFbf clxn] Jofj;flos
kqsfl/tf dg{ nfu]sf]
= lj1fkg / ldl8of Pscsf{df hf]l8P klg o;sf af/]df vf;} rrf{ x'g
g;s]sf]
= s'g} klg ldl8ofn] ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ubf{ lgMz'Ns ug{ gx'g]

25
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

= c¿ ldl8ofsf] ljZj;gLotf 36]kl5 clxn] kf7s ;fdflhs ;~hfnlt/

nfu]sf
= clxn]sf] lj1fkg ahf/ ;fgf] ePsf] / w]/n } ] afF8]/ vfg'kg{] cj:yf /x]sf]
= ldl8ofsf u|fxs clxn] ;fdflhs ;~hfndf uPsfn] Tot}tkm{ nfUg'kg{]
= lhDd]jf/ kqsfl/tf ubf{ To;n] ;a} dfWodnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{]
= d"nwf/sf] kqsfl/tfn] dlxnf, blnt, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf ljifo
phfu/ ug{ g;s]sf]
= k'/fgf ldl8ofnfO{ gofF ldl8ofn] lj:yflkt ub}{ uPsf]
= …Go' ldl8ofÚ df ;d:of klg gofF gofF cfO/x]sf] / o;n] cfdgful/sdf
3[0ffsf] cleJolQm -x]6 l:kr_ al9/x]sf]
= Pp6f dfG5]nfO{ kl5 nfUg] / v]lb/xg] k|j[lQ a9]sf]
wflbª
‍k];
| sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 wflbªsf]
;+of]hgdf @)*) r}t % ut] …kqsfl/tfdf o'6\o'a / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;jfnÚ
ljifos 5nkmn wflbªa];Ldf ;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{s|d wflbª zfvfsf
cWoIf /fhf/fd zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . #( hgf kqsf/sf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] sfo{s|ddf sfo{s|ddf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]t, ;b:o 7fs'/ a]naf;], d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL kqsf/n] kqsfl/tfsf] abgfd x'g]u/L gofF dfWod
-o'6\o'a_nufotaf6 ;Dk|]if0f ePsf ljifoj:t' lgodgsf nflu 5'6\6} sfg'gsf]
cfjZostf cf}FNofPsf lyP .
nlntk'/
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)*! c;f/ !) ut] …o'6\
o'a;lxt ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ldl8ofdf k|efjÚ ljifos cGt/ls|of sfo{s|d
;DkGg eof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3, nlntk'/ zfvfn] ;+of]hg u/]sf] pQm
sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 nlntk'/ lhNnf zfvfsf cWoIf
;fu/ Gof}kfg]n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]tsf] k|d'v cfltYo /x]sf] sfo{s|ddf k"j{;b:o z'e]R5f laGb' t'nfw/ / jl/i7
k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfnn] sfo{kq k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|dsf] ;xhLs/0f sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ug{'ePsf]

26
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

lyof] . sfo{s|ddf nlntk'/sf cu|h / ;ls|o %) hgfeGbf a9L kqsf/sf]

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] b'|t ljsf;;Fu} o'6\
o'anufotsf ;fdflhs ;~hfndf b]vfk/]sf ;d:of, r'gf}tL, ;d:of ;dfwfgsf
pkfo / ;Defjgf tyf cj;/x¿sf] klxrfg ug{' sfo{s|dsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 nlntk'/sf cWoIf ;fu/ Gof}kfg], kqsf/x¿
k|e'gf/fo0f a:g]t, czf]s b'nfn, afnd's'Gb cfrfo{, /d]zk|;fb ltdlN;gf,
zlg/fh zfSo, ;'lzn s]=;L, ;'bz{g l3ld/], k'?iff]td a:g]t, cr{gf emf, czf]s
b'nfn, ljZj/fh vgfn, nId0f b'nfn, s]bf/ bfxfn, dbg uf}td, Zofd tG8'sf/
nufotn] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= clxn] kqsfl/tfdf ;DkfbsLo tx sdhf]/ /x]sf]
= o'6\o'anfO{ kqsfl/tfsf cfwf/e"t ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg sfplG;nn]
;'?jft ul/;s]sf]
= o'6\o'a/x¿n] kfl/jfl/s ljifo;d]t clt/l~ht u/]sfn] ;fdflhs ;~hfnn]
;dfhnfO{ cftlª\st ug{] sfd eO/x]sf]df lrGtf
= o'6\o'a/sf sf/0f c¿ kqsf/nfO{ klg ;dfhn] ;sf/fTds ¿kdf gx]/s ] f]
= ;dfrf/ ;To gcfpg'df 7'nf ldl8of a9L lhDd]jf/ ePsf]
= gofF kqsf/df ;zlQms/0f / gful/s lzIffsf] cefj /x]sf]
= sfplG;nn] ldl8of ;~rfnsnfO{ ;d]t cfrf/;lx+tf sIff lbg cfjZos
/x]sf]
= ;fdflhs ;~hfn geOsg ;dfrf/ g} n]Vg g;lsg] cj:yf cfPsf]
= sltko o'6\o'an] /fd|f] sfd ul//x]sf] eP klg /fHon] ltgnfO{ cflwsfl/s
agfpg cfjZos /x]sf]
Go' ldl8of / kqsf/ dlxnf -o'6\o'a;lxt ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]
kqsfl/tfdf k|efj_ sfo{s|d
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / ;~rfl/sf ;d"xsf] ;+of]hgdf @)*!
c;f/ !^ ut] sf7df8f}Fdf Go' ldl8of / kqsf/ dlxnf -o'6\o'a;lxt ;fdflhs
;~hfnsf] kqsfl/tfdf k|efj_ ljifos sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] . sfo{s|ddf af]Nb}
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] o'6\o'anufot ;fdflhs
;~hfn;lxtsf Go' ldl8ofn] ;~rf/ dfWodlarsf] 7'nf] ;fgf] eGg] e]b g}

27
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

d]6fpFb} uPsf] atfpg'eof] . cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] o'6\o'a;lxtsf ;fdflhs

;~hfn Go' ldl8ofsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu tTsfn sfg'gL c8\rg x6fpg'kg]{
/ To;sf nflu sfplG;n tof/ /x]sf] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . sfo{s|ddf ;~rfl/sf
;d"xsL k"j{cWoIf lgt' kl08tn] …Go" ldl8of / kqsf/ dlxnfÚ ljifos sfo{kq
k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{kqdfly kqsf/ bLkf /]UdL / b'uf{ vgfnn]
l6Kk0fL ug{'ePsf] lyof] . Kofgn 5nkmndf sfplG;nsf cWoIf, afns[i0f a:g]t,
cGgk"0f{ b}lgssf ;Dkfbs cv08 e08f/L, gf/L dfl;ssf ;Dkfbs pkf;gf
l3ld/], g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf k"j{pkfWoIf clgtf laGb' ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] .
sfo{s|ddf jl/i7 kqsf/ alatf a:g]t, kqsf/ lgd{nf zdf{, kqsf/ cv08
e08f/L nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . …xfdL kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfdf k|lta4
5f}FÚ eGg] ;fd"lxs k|lta4tf hgfP/ ;'? ePsf] sfo{s|dsf] klxnf] ;q ;~rfl/sf
;d"xsf dxf;lrj a;GtL af:tf]nf / bf];|f] ;q Go'h Ph]G;L g]kfnsf ;~rfns
s[i0ff kf}8]nn] ;xhLs/0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] . ;~rfl/sf ;d"xsf cWoIf ladnf
t'Dv]jfsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb|
e';fnsf] :jfut / jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfnsf] wGojfb
dGtJo /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= Go' ldl8ofn] ljZj;gLo kqsfl/tfsf] eljio phfu/ u/]sf]
= Go' ldl8ofn] e|dk"0f{ k|rf/sf] a9fjfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ubf{ k|ltli7t /
ljZj;gLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;d]t unt ljifo ;Dk|]if0f x'g yfn]sf]
= kqsf/ dlxnfsf nflu Go' ldl8of cj;/sf] /fd|f] dfWod ePsf]
= clxn]sf] kqsfl/tfsf] r'gf}tL eg]s} ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 km}lnPsf]
;"rgfnfO{ cflwsfl/s agfpg' / l56f] ;Dk|]if0f ug{' /x]sf]
= k/Dk/fut dfWodsf] kqsfl/tfnfO{ gofF ldl8ofn] af6f] b]vfpg] / arfpg]
sfd u/]sf]
= Go' ldl8of;Fu} cufl8 a9\g g;Sbf 5fkf kqsfl/tfdf r'gf}tL b]lvPsf]
= cfˆgf] ljifoj:t' ;Dk|]if0fdf 5fkf dfWodn] Go' ldl8ofnfO{ cj;/sf ¿kdf
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg'kg]{
= kqsfl/tf lzIffdf Jofjxfl/s / ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g gx'g] xf] eg]
kqsfl/tf k'/fg} k2tLdf afFRg g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf]

28
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

emfkf
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf @)*! ;fn c;f/ @# ut] sf]zL
k|b]zsf] emfkfsf] latf{df]8df ældl8ofdf o'6\o'a;lxt ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]
k|efjÆ ljifos sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf Pj+
gf/L ;~rf/u[x emfkfn] ;+of]hg u/]sf] pQm sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf gf/L ;~rf/u[x
emfkfsL cWoIf /]lhgf uf}tdn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf
afns[i0f a:g]tsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ePsf] sfo{s|ddf cWoIf a:g]t;lxt ;b:o
u0f]zk|;fb kf]v/]n, gf/L ;~rf/u[x emfkfsL k"j{ cWoIf clDasf e08f/Ln]
sfo{kq k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|dsf] ;~rfng tyf ;xhLs/0f k|];
sfplG;n g]kfnsf ;b:o u0f]z kf]v/]nn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf df]/ª,
;'g;/L, Onfd / emfkfsf sl/a ^) hgf eGbf a9L kqsf/ tyf ldl8ofsdL{sf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] b|'t ljsf;Fu} o'6\o'anufotsf
;fdflhs ;~hfndf b]vfk/]sf ;d:of, r'gf}tL, ;dfwfgsf pkfo / ;Defjgf
tyf cj;/x¿sf] klxrfg ug{', ;fdflhs ;~hfn / o'6\o'asf] k|of]unfO{ kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf;Fu cfa4 u/L ljZj;gLo / dof{lbt agfpg' Pj+ o'6\o'a;lxt
;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ldl8ofdf k/]sf] k|efjsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{' sfo{s|dsf] p2]Zo
/x]sf] lyof] . sfo{s|dsf ;xefuLn] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf / o; cGtu{tsf
lgb]{lzsf / o;sf] k|fjwfgsf] kfngf gePsf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . dlxnf kqsf/
;w}F lje]bsf] l;sf/ aGg'k/]sf] eGb} pgLx¿n] dlxnf kqsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/
Nofpg /fHon] g} ljz]if sfo{s|d ;~rfng ug{'kg]{ atfPsf lyP .
af“s]
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf Pj+ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3, afFs]sf]
;+of]hgdf ækqsfl/tfdf o'6\o'a;lxt ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|efjÆ ljifos
sfo{s|d @)*! c;f/ @^ ut] g]kfnu~hdf ;DkGg eof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
afFs]sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf >L ;+lug zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{s|ddf k|];
sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tsf] k|d'v cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf cWoIf a:g]t, ;b:o z/b clwsf/L / g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;ª\3 afFs]sf k"j{cWoIf emns u}/n ] ] sfo{kq k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
dxf;ª\3 afFs]sf ;lrj sdn 8fFuLsf] ;~rfng /x]sf] sfo{s|dsf] ;xhLs/0f
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf zfvf clws[t uLtf k/fh'nLn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

29
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn

= o'6\o'a/x¿n] JolStsf] 3/leq, a]8d} ;d]t uP/ uf]kgLotf k|lts"n
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug]{, s'g} lhDd]jf/ axg ug'{gkg]{, ;dflhs, cfly{s¿kdf
bfloTjaf]w ul//xg'gkg]{, Eo'c;{ a9fP/ /sd dfq cfh{g ug]{h:tf k|j[lQ
/x]sfn] o;nfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
= ldYof, unt, e|fds / b'ik|rf/n] ;dfhdf gs/fTds c;/ kf/L uDeL/
;d:of ;d]t lgDTofPsfn] lgodgdf s8fO ug'{kg]{
= :yfgLo lj1fkg :yfgLo ldl8ofnfO{ lbg'kg]{
= sfplG;ndf ;"rLs/0f gePsf cgnfOg, o'6\o'anfO{ klg kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf tflnd lbg'kg]{
= sfplG;nn] ;"rLs/0f÷btf{ gjLs/0f nufotsf sfo{x¿ cgnfOg
k|ljlwaf6 x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{
= nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkgsf] k};f kfpgsf] nflu dfq klqsf lgsfNg] k|j[lQ
a9]sf], cg'udg x'g'kg]{ .
o'6\o'a ;~rfnssf nflu cled'vLs/0f
k|]; sfplG;nsf] cfof]hgfdf cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df o'6\o'a Joj:yfkgsf
nflu cfrf/;+lxtf cled'vLs/0f;DaGwL # j6f sIff ;~rfng eP .
klxnf]
@)*) k'; @^ ut] sfplG;n ;efxndf o'6o\ a' Joj:yfkgsf nflu
cfrf/;+lxtf cled'vLs/0f sfo{sd| ;DkGg eof] . ljleGg o'6o\ a' dfWodsf sl/a
%) hgf ;~rfns tyf ;Dkfbssf] pkl:yltdf cGt/ls|ofTds cled'vLs/0f
sfo{sd| ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{sd| df o'6o\ a' ;~rfnsx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ unt
¿kdf ;Daf]wg ub}{ o'6o\ a' dfkm{t ;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f ug{ xtf]T;fxL ul/g] u/]sf]
cg'ej ;'gfP . pgLx¿n] l8lh6n dfWoddfkm{t ;"rgf ;Dk|i] f0f sfo{df ;xof]u
gePsf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . k|; ] sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn]
o'6o\ a' dfkm{t cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf ub}{ kqsfl/tf ug]{ xf] eg] ;~rf/sf ;a} If]qaf6
;fy ;xof]u x'g] atfpFb} sfplG;nn] o'6o\ a' /sf ;d:ofdf uDeL/tfk"js { sfo{
ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf ljk'n kf]vn ]| n]
;dfhn] gofF s'/fnfO{ ;xh} :jLsfg{ g;Sg] eGb} lxhf] kqklqsf, /]l8of] /
cgnfOgn] ef]us ] f] ;d:of clxn] o'6o\ a' ;~rfnsn] ef]us] f] atfpg'eof] . ;"rgf

30
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

tyf k|;f/0f ljefusf dxflgb]z { s z+s/ g]kfnn] o'6o\ a' dfkm{t ul/g] kqsfl/tf
;Gt'lnt / hjfkmb]xL gx'g] xf] eg] o;dfly ;w}F k|Zg pl7/xg] pNn]v ug{e ' of] .
sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fn, cgnfOg l6eL kqsf/ ;ª\3sf cWoIf
hLjg e08f/L, ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefusf lgb]z { s e/t uf}tdnufotn] ;~rf/
dfWodsf ¿kdf ;~rfng x'g] o'6o\ a' nfO{ Jojl:yt / ljZj;gLo agfpg h?/L
ePsf] pNn]v ug{e ' of] . sfo{sd| df sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] …o'6o\ a' /
cfrf/;+lxtf k|ZgÚ ljifodf, ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;]n] …cfrf/;+lxtfcGtu{tsf
lgb]l{ zsfx¿Ú, ;x k|zf;sLo clws[t /fdz/0f af]x/fn] …o'6o\ a' ;fdu|Lsf] k|jl[ Q /
Joj:yfkgdf sfplG;nsf] kxnsbdLÚ tyf cgnfOg l6eL kqsf/ ;ª\3sf cWoIf
hLjg e08f/Ln] …o'6o\ a' sf] cj:yf / cfufdL kxnsbdLÚ ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't
ug{e
' Psf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf zfvf clws[t dx]Gb|/fh l;+xn] ;xhLs/0f u/]sf]
sfo{sd| sf] ;dfkg jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t bLks vgfnn] ug{e ' Psf] lyof] .
bf];|f]
@)*) kmfu'g @@ ut] ljleGg o'6o\ a' Rofgnsf ;~rfns÷;DkfbsnfO{
cfrf/;+lxtf, lgb]l{ zsf tyf sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf af/]df sIff lbOof] . k|lzIf0f
lbFb} g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf ljk'n kf]vn ]| n] o'6o\ a' dfkm{t dof{lbt
;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f u/]/ ;dfhdf :yflkt x'g ;'emfj lbg'eof] . kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf
/ To;sf k|fjwfgaf/] k|:t'lt /fVb} pxfFn] h'g;'s} ;dfhn] gofF s'/f ;xh}
:jLsf/ gug]{ x'bF f lg/Gt/ dof{lbt ;fdu|L lbP/ klg ;dfhsf] :jLsfo{ x'gk' g]{
atfpg'eof] . o'6o\ a' df ;dfrf/hGo / ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ljifoj:t' /fVg] xf]
eg] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf / k|rlnt P]g, sfg'gsf] kl/lwdf afFlwg}kg]{ pxfFsf] egfO
lyof] . sfo{sd | df o'6o\ a' sf] Joj:yfkgdf sfplG;n ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{
sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t -k|jStf_ bLks vgfnn] sfplG;nn] nfdf]
;dob]lv o'6o\ a' / o;af6 ;Dk|l] ift ;fdu|Lsf ;DaGwdf ul//x]sf] u[xsfo{af/]
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o:t} ljleGg ;~rf/ lgb]l{ zsf / ltgdf /x]sf k|fjwfgaf/]
sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ sfplG;nsL k"j; { b:o z'eR] 5fljGb' t'nfw/n] o'6o\ a' dfkm{t
ul/g] kqsfl/tf cfrf/;+lxtf / lgb]l{ zsfsf] dftxtdf /xg}kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfplG;nsf ;xk|zf;sLo clws[t /fdz/0f af]x/fn] sfo{sd | sf] cf}lrTodfly
k|sfz kfg'e{ Psf] lyof] eg] cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg clws[t dx]Gb|/fh l;+xn]
;xhLs/0f ug{e ' Psf] lyof] . #) hgf o'6o\ a' ;~rfns tyf ;Dkfbssf] ;xeflutf

31
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

/x]sf] sfo{sd
| df ;xefuLn] o'6o\ a' ;~rfng ubf{sf ;d:of, ljifoj:t'sf] 5gf]6,
k|;f/0f / sfplG;nsf] cg'udg tyf sf/afxL k|ls|ofaf/] lh1f;f /fv]sf lyP .
t];|f]
@)*! h]7 @) ut] ePsf] sfo{s|ddf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf
afns[i0f a:g]tn] ldYof / e|fds ;fdu|LnfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;dfrf/sf ¿kdf
k:sg gx'g]tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg'eof] . clxn] sltko o'6\o'adf emf/f
6fg]{ k|j[lQ b]lvPsf] / To;n] kqsfl/tfsf] k];fut d"NodfGotfdfly k|Zg p7fpg]
sfd u/]sf] eGb} pxfFn] o'6\o'adfkm{t eO/x]sf] kqsfl/tf /fd|f] x'g;s] o'6\o'as}
ul/df a9\g] x'Fbf kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf / dof{bfsf] Vofn ug{ o'6\o'a ;~rfnsnfO{
cg'/f]w ug'{eof] . sfo{s|ddf cWoIf a:g]t, ;~rf/ lj1 8f= efg'eQm cfrfo{
/ k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t bLks vgfnn] sfo{kq
k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] o'6\o'a
Joj:yfkgsf nflu sfplG;nn] ul//x]sf] cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|dsf] cf}lrToaf/]
k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . ljleGg o'6\o'asf #) hgf ;~rfns÷;Dkfbssf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] sfo{s|dsf] ;xhLs/0f sfplG;nsf ;xk|zf;sLo clws[t
/fdz/0f af]x/fn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= kqsfl/tf If]q ljZj;gLo / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg kqsf/n] 5fg]/ u/]/
;dfrf/ lbg'kg]{
= o'6\o'asf dfWodaf6 ;dfrf/ lbg] a]nfdf g} kf7snfO{ e|d 5g]{, unt
lbzflgb]{z ug]{ / ;dfhdf ckfRo x'g] ljifo 5fg]/ lbg ;Sg'kg]{
= !#) jif{ k'/fgf] 5fkf dfWodaf6 ;'? ePsf] lkt–kqsfl/tfsf] cEof;
clxn] l8lh6n dfWodaf6 eO/x]sf] / o:tf] kqsfl/tf ljZjsf s'g} klg
d'n'ssf nflu pko'Qm gx'g]

!=!=& k|b]z:t/Lo kqsf/ dlxnf Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{s|d

afudtL k|b]z
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] afudtL k|b]zsf kqsf/ dlxnfnfO{ nlIft u/L
@)*) c;f]h @@, @# / @$ ut];Dd tLglbg] k|ljlwd}qL kqsfl/tf tflnd

32
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

;~rfng u¥of] . tflndsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL /]vf
zdf{n] kqsf/ dlxnfsf] Ifdtf / bIftf a9fpg k|ljlwnlIft tflnd kmnbfoL
x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug{'eof] . klxnf] r/0fdf afudtL k|b]zsf @) hgf kqsf/
;xefuL lyP . dGqL zdf{n] Jofj;flos / dof{lbt kqsfl/tfsf nflu o:tfvfn]
tflnd cfufdL lbgdf cem ;zQm 9ª\uaf6 cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ pNn]v ug{'eof] .
sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 kf]Vt kqsfl/tf
u/fpg] p2]Zon] tflnd ;~rfng ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k|ljlwd}qL gx'Fbf
kqsfl/tfaf6} knfog x'g] / cj;/af6 jl~rt x'g] cj:yf x'g glbg] k|of;df
sfplG;n /x]sf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf ljk'n
kf]v]n
| n] k|ljlw;Fu hf]l8P/ dfq} ;dofg's"n kqsfl/tfsf] cEof; x'g] pNn]v
ug{'eof] . Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf cWoIf ;+uLtf v8\sfn] gofF
k':tfnfO{ kqsfl/tfdf cfsif{0f ug{ / k];fdf /x]sfnfO{ l6sfpg o:tf tflnd
dxTjk"0f{ x'g] atfpg'eof] . ;~rfl/sf ;d"xsf cWoIf ladnf t'Dv]jfn] k|ljlwsf]
pRrtd k|of]uaf6 ul/g] kqsfl/tfn] kqsf/ dlxnfnfO{ u'0ffTds, ;r]t /
Jofj;flos¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg ;3fpg] atfpg'eof] . sfplG;nsf ;b:o
z/b clwsf/L / d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] pSt sfo{s|dsf] ;xhLs/0f
ug{'ePsf] lyof] . # lbg] sfo{s|ddf kqsf/nfO{ df]afOn / 8f6f hgf{lnHd,
kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf;lxt k|ljlwd}qL kqsfl/tf tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
c?0f sfsL{, g;gf ah|frfo{, o'j/fh l3ld/], dflqsf kf}8]n, hgs g]kfn /
ljwfg >]i7;lxtsf lj1n] tflnddf k|:t'lt÷egfO /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
tflndsf] ;dfkgsf s|ddf jl/i7 kqsf/ o'j/fh l3ld/], uf]/vfkq
;+:yfgsf sfo{sf/L cWoIf lji0f' ;'j]bL, sfplG;nsf ;b:o Pj+ k|lzIfs b'uf{
e08f/L kf}8]n, /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L cWoIf wd]{Gb| emf, g]kfn
6]lnlehgsf sfo{sf/L cWoIf ;ld/h+u zfx, /]l8of] g]kfnsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
a'l4axfb'/ s];Lnufotn] kqsfl/tfsf] :j?k km]l/Psfn] ljifout bIftf /
k|ljlwdf 1fg a9fpg ;'emfj lbg'eof] .
tflnddf p7]sf k|d'v ljifo
= >Job[Zo kqsfl/tfdf efiff–z}nLsf] dxTj;Fu} ljifoj:t', k|:t'lt, ;doa4tf,
u'0f:t/Lotf, k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, cl8oG; / ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;'emfjnfO{ ljz]if
Wofg lbg'kg]{

33
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

= ;do / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} kqsfl/tf k];fnfO{ klg kl/:s[t ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{,

l56f]5l/tf] / dlN6ldl8ofo'Qm kqsfl/tf clxn]sf] cfjZostf /x]sf]
= l8lh6n o'u ;'xfpFbf] k4lt tyf k|j[lQ cg';/0f ug{;s] dfq} kqsfl/tf
k];fdf l6Sg ;lsg]
= kqsf/nfO{ l8lh6n k|ljlw;Fu v]Ng of]Uo agfpg'kg]{

n'lDagL k|b]z
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf n'lDagL k|b]zsf kqsf/ dlxnfnfO{
nlIft u/L @)*) dª\l;/ !*–@) ut];Dd efn'jfª, /fKtL pkTosf -b]pv'/L_df
k|ljlwd}qL kqsfl/tf tflnd ;DkGg eof] . sfo{s|ddf ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;~rf/
tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL /]vf zdf{n] ;dfhdf k/]sf gsf/fTds / ;sf/fTds
b'j} kIfdf kqsf/n] snd rnfpg h?/L ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] dlxnfx¿
;~rf/ If]qdf k||j]z ug{ ;lhnf] ePtf klg l6ls/xg ufx|f] ePsfn] dlxnfnfO{
k|f]T;fxg ub}{ ;~rf/ If]qdf dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] tflnd ;'?
ul/Psf] eGb} o; k|sf/sf] tflndsf] nflu ah]6 zLif{s / sfo{s|d k/]sf]n]
cfufdL lbgdf lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lhnf] x'g] atfpg'eof] . sfplG;n ;b:o Pj+
n}ª\lus lxt k|a4{g pk;ldltsf ;+of]hs b'uf{ e08f/L kf}8]nsf] cWoIftfdf
ePsf] sfo{s|ddf sfplG;n ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb a]naf;], ;b:o z/bk|;fb
clwsf/L, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf ljk'n kf]v]n | , ;~rfl/sf ;d"x
n'lDagL k|b]zsf cWoIf cd[tf cgdf]n, kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 n'lDagL k|b]zsf
pkfWoIf rldgf cfrfo{nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . @) hgf kqsf/ dlxnfsf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] sfo{s|dsf] pb\3f6g ;qsf] ;xhLs/0f sfplG;nsf d'Vo
clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
tflnddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= kqsf/ dlxnfnfO{ k|ljlwdfkm{t kqsfl/tf ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ jftfj/0fsf]
l;h{gf ul/g'kg]{
= ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf dlxnfnfO{ ljz]if
k|fyldstf lbg'sf ;fy} cg'bfgsf] k|ls|of v's'nf] agfOg'kg]{
= k|fljlws s'/fx¿ l;Sgsf nflu @–# lbgsf] tflnd kof{Kt gx'g]
= kqsf/ dlxnfsf] kfl/>lds t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd x'G5 / ;dodf e'StfgL
x'Fb}g

34
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= kqsf/ dlxnf k];fdf l6s]/ sfd ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ul/g'kg]{
= sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] ;'Ts]/L labf ;~rf/ dfWoddf klg nfu' ul/g'kg]{
= cgnfOgsf] juL{s/0f ug]{ Joj:yf u/L dlxnf ;~rfns÷;Dkfbs /x]sf
cgnfOnnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf x'g'kg]{
= ;do Joj:yfkgnfO{ Vofn ug'{kg]{
= k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t tflnd ePsf]n] lgs} pknlAwd"ns / k|efjsf/L /x]sf]

sf]zL k|b]z
k|;] sfplG;n g]kfnn] cfˆgf] :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{sd | cGtu{t /x]/ ldlt
@)*! ;fn c;f/ @@ ut]sf lbg sf]zL k|bz ] sf] emfkf lhNnfsf] latf{df]8df
k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t kqsfl/tf tflnd -Training On Advance Journalism
Through New Technology_ gfds Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{sd | ;DkGg u¥of] .
k|;
] sfplG;n g]kfnsf ;b:o u0f]zk|;fb kf]v/]nn] cWoIftf ug{e ' Psf] pQm
sfo{sd| sf] ljz]if cltly k|;
] sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]t x'gx' G' Yof] .
gf/L ;~rf/ u[x emfkfsf] ;+of]hg / k|; ] sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf]
pQm sfo{sd | df sl/a %% hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{sd | sf] ;xhLs/0f
gf/L ;~rf/u[x emfkfsL cWoIf /]lhgf uf}tdn] ug{e ' Psf] lyof] . tflnd tyf
k|lzIf0fsf] dfWodåf/f kqsf/df gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{'
sfo{sd | sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{sd | sf] klxnf] v08df k|ljlwsf]
ljsf;sf] kl5Nnf] ljifo PcfOsf af/]df lj1 kqsf/ lnnf/fh e§/fO / bf];f| ]
v08df df]afOn kqsfl/tf -df]hf]_sf ljifodf kqsf/ g;gf ah|frfo{n] k|:t'lt
lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{sd| df cfˆgf] dGtJo /fVb} k|; ] sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf
afns[i0f a:g]tn] casf] kqsfl/tf stf n}hfg] eGg] s'/f kqsf/s} xftdf /x]sf]
atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . jt{dfg l:yltdf cfˆgf] u'ds ] f] ;fv lkmtf{ ug{k' g]{ r'gf}tLsf]
;fdgf jt{dfg kqsfl/tf If]qn] ul//x]sf] wf/0ff /fVb} ;f]sf] nflu kqsfl/tfsf
cfwf/e"t d'No dfGotfk|lt k|lta4 x'gk' g]d{ f pxfFsf] hf]8 /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{sd | df
gf/L ;~rf/ u[x emfkfsL cWoIf /]lhgf uf}td, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 emkfsf
k"j{ cWoIfx¿ dfwj ljb|fx] L / s[i0f x'dfufFOn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngfn] dfq dof{lbt / :jR5 kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;
x'g5
] .

35
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

= k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn kqsf/ ;a}sf] cleefjs ePsfn] ;f] e"ldsf

k|efjsf/L ¿kdf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ .
= ‍casf] kqsfl/tf l;h{gfTds / /rgfTds x'g'k5{ .
= k|ljlwn] df/]sf] km8\sf]sf] sf/0f clxn] kqsfl/tf ug{ ;xh ePsf] 5 .
= ;dfrf/df tYo emNsg'kb{5 .
= k|ljlwsf] b'?kof]u a9L JolQmut Pj+ lgtfGt lghL dfldnfdf ;d]t x:tIf]k
a9]sf] 5 .
= k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} kqfsfl/tf If]qdf klg gofF gofF ‍r'gf}tL ylkFb} uPsf]
= k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ OGsf/ geO cfˆgf] ultljlwdf ;dfof]hg u/]/ cufl8
a9\g'kb{5 .

!=!=* k|sfzg
cf=j= @)*)÷*! df k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] $*cf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg
k|sfzg eof] . o:t}, ;+lxtf q}dfl;s %*cf}F, %(cf}F, ^)cf}F / ^!cf}F cª\s /
cª\u]h| L efiffsf] jif{ k':ts …ldl8of Oo/ a'sÚsf] t];|f] cª\s k|sfzg eof] . $*
cf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg %* cf}F ;+lxtf / Oo/ a's sfplG;nsf] %$ cf}F jflif{sf]T;jdf
@)*) c;f]h ^ ut] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] . o; jif{ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf #
j6f efiff -/fO{ jfGtjf, tfdfª / lnDa'_df cg'jfb u/L k|sfzg ul/of] . kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf k'l:tsf xfn;Dd ( j6f efiff cg'jfb eO k|sfzg eO;s]sf] 5 .

!=!=( kqklqsf juL{s/0f

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfncGtu{t /x]sf] ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f ;ldltdfkm{t k|To]s
jif{ kqklqsfsf] juL{s/0f x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . k|]; sfplG;n P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf
!) df /x]sf] ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df o;jif{ cf=j= @)&&÷&*
sf] kqklqsf juL{s/0fsf] k|f/lDes glthf ;fj{hlgs eof] . kqklqsf
juL{s/0f;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f v08 $ df ;dfj]z 5 .

!=!=!) pk;ldltut sfo{s|d

æ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfdf eflifs PstfÆ ljifos uf]i7L
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)*) ;fn k'; !& ut] …;flxlTos

36
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

kqsfl/tfdf eflifs PstfÚ uf]i7L ;DkGg eof] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn cGtu{tsf]
ljwfut kqsfl/tf pk;ldlt / ;|i6f ;dfh g]kfnn] ;+of]hg u/]sf] pQm
sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf k|]; sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|dsf] k|d'v cfltYotf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ tyf ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfsf
leidlktfdx gu]Gb|/fh zdf{n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . jl/i7 efiffljb\ z/RrGb|
j:tLn] sfo{kq k|:t't ug{'ePsf] pQm sfo{s|dsf] ;~rfng tyf ;xhLs/0f k|];
sfplG;n g]kfnsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf
cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] efiffsf ljifodf /x]sf cGof}n x6fpg lj1 ;lDdlnt
;ldltsf] vfFrf] cf}FNofpg'ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL efiffdf Ps?ktf Nofpgsf nflu
;/sf/ :jod\ g} lhDd]jf/ eO cu|;/ x'g'kg]{df pxfFn] hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
;flxlTos kqklqsfdf x'g] efiffut ljljwtf tyf q'l6x¿nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{,
;du| kqsfl/tf If]qdf efiffut Ps?ktf / z'4tf sfod ub}{ g]kfnL efiffsf]
ljsf; Pj+ pTyfgdf of]ubfg ug{' / cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg x'Fbf b]lvg] efiffut
Pj+ z}nLut ljljwtf sd ug{' sfo{s|dsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf k|f=8f=
uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{, k|]; sfplG;nsf ;b:o lbks kf08], >i6f ;dfh g]kfnsf
cWoIf >Lcf]d >]i7 …/f]bgÚ, df]xg b'jfn, eLd v/]n, r]tgfy wdnf nufotsf
>i6fx¿n] cfˆgf egfO /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= g]kfnL efiffdf /x]sf] cGof}ntf x6fpg lj1 ;lDdlnt ;ldltsf] vfFrf]
/x]sf],
= g]kfnL efiffdf Ps?ktf Nofpgsf nflu ;/sf/ :jod\ g} lhDd]jf/ eO
cu|;/ x'g'kg]{,
= efiff g} 1fg, lj1fg / ;Eotfsf] ljsf;sf] d"n ePsf] s'/fnfO{ dgg ug'{kg]{,
= kbdf k'u]kl5 h] u/]klg x'G5 eGg] cxd\ k|j[lQ b]lvg' lrGtfsf] ljifo
ePsf],
= g]kfnL efiffdfly w]/} tkm{af6 cfs|d0f eO/x]sfn] o;sf] ;+/If0fdf hf]8
lbg'kg]{ .
æljb]z dfldnf l/kf]l6{ª / k|efjsfl/tfÆ ljifos 5nkmn sfo{s|d
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf @)*! h]7 @# ut] k//fi6« dfldnf
la6df l/kf]l6{ª ul//x]sf ;~rf/sdL{;Fu ljifout ;d:of / cfufdL af6f]af/]

37
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

5nkmn ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn, cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw pk;ldltsf]

;+of]hgdf ePsf] sfo{s|ddf sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn]
;xhLs/0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf af]Nb} sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]tn] lgs} ;+j]bgzLn ljifodf ax; / 5nkmn k|f/De ul/Psf] pNn]v ub}{
dGqfnox¿ tyf ;/sf/sf tt\ tt\ lgsfo;Fu klg cfjZostfcg';f/ 5nkmn
ug]{ pNn]v ug{'eof] . sfo{s|ddf ;xefuLn] ljb]z dfldnf l/kf]l6{ªsf ;Gbe{df
ePsf ;d:ofaf/] cjut u/fPsf lyP . ;xefuLn] of] la6sf] l/kf]l6{ªdf ;xhtf
/ ldl8ofdfkm{t p7fpg'kg]{ ljifoj:t'af/] ljleGg wf/0ff /fVg'sf ;fy} ljb]zL
dfldnf;DaGwL ;dfrf/ ;ª\sng, ;Dkfbgsf nflu ;xhtfsf nflu cfjZos
;~rf/ lgb]{lzsfsf] vfFrf] ;d]t cf}FNofPsf lyP . sfo{s|ddf kqsf/ sdnb]j
e§/fO{, Ps/fh kf7s, clgn lu/L, z/RrGb| e08f/L, sf]if/fh sf]O/fnf, /fwf
vgfn, xf]d sfsL{, rfFbgL xdfn, lzIff e§/fO{, lbg]z /]UdL, ?b| v8\sf, wd]{Gb|
s0f{nufotn] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf ;xefuLnfO{ :jfut ub}{
sfplG;nsf ;b:o z/b clwsf/Ln] g]kfnsf] ljifodf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] s]
rfxG5 / g]kfnsf] ljb]z dfldnf l/kf]l6{ª s:tf] 5 eGg] a'‰g klg ;ldltn]
5nkmn sfo{s|d /fv]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{s|dsf] ;dfkg ub}{ ;ldltsf ;+of]hs
lr/l~hjL df:s]n] ;xefuLxsf] ;'emfjcg';f/ sfplG;nn] cfrf/;+lxtf tyf
lgb]{lzsfsf] af/]df yk 5nkmn cl3 a9fpg] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= ljb]zL ldl8ofdf xfd|f] ko{6g, ;+:s[lt, rfnrng, /xg;xg, s[lifsf
ljifon] k|fyldstf kfpg] l:ylt s;/L agfpg ;lsPnf < ;Defjgfsf]
vf]hL ul/g'kg]{,
= cfrf/;+lxtf / zAb rog / k//fi6« dfldnf l/kf]l6{ª;DaGwL 5'6\6} gLlt
lgb]{lzsf agfpg cfjZos, ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/g],
= k|]; sfplG;ndf s]xL ljb]z dfldnf;DaGwL ;dfrf/sf ljifonfO{ lnP/
klg ph'/L kg]{ u/]sf],
= k//fi6« dfldnfsf] l/kf]l6{ªdf cfrf/;+lxtf lgb]{lzsfsf] cfjZostfsf
ljifodf 5nkmn lgs} sd x'g] u/]sf], cfrf/;+lxtfsf] a'Fbf g+= @ sf af/]df
yk lj:t[t ljj/0f / hfgsf/L /fVg'kg]{,
= ljb]z dfldfnsf] ;jfndf cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3gsf 36gfsf af/]df k|];
sfplG;n gcfO s'6gLlts lgof]u jf b"tfjf; hfg], dGqfno jf ;/sf/;Dd

38
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

k'Ug] k|rng 5, Tof] /f]s]/ sfplG;naf6 g} ;N6fpg] ljifodf kxn ug'{kg]{,

To;sf nflu ljb]zL s'6gLlt1nfO{ ;dfrf/sf] ljifodf u'gf;f] jf ph'/L
ug]{ 7fpF sfplG;n xf] eGg] a'emfpg h?/L /x]sf],
= Pp6f d'n'saf6 csf]{ d'n'snfO{ abgfd ug{ g]kfnnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ kl/kf6L
xfjL eO/x]sf] 5 . ld; OGkmd]{;g / l8;OGkmd]{;gsf] vt/f a9]sf],
= ljb]z dfldnf, k//fi6« ;DaGw, ljleGg kl/of]hgf, sfo{s|d cflbsf
ljifodf cfpg] ;"rgf / sfuhkqsf] k':6\ofOF gu/L ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ubf{
w]/} ;d:of cfpg] u/]sf],
= cGo efiffdf cfpg] ;"rgf cg'jfb ubf{ unt / km/s cy{ nfUg] vfnsf]
;dfrf/;d]t aGg] u/]sf, efiffs} ;d:ofs} sf/0f ;d]t cª\u|]hL / g]kfnL
efiffdf n]lvPsf ;dfrf/df km/skg cfpg] tyf sltko cj:yfdf unt
cy{ nfu]/ To;n] ;d:of ;d]t lglDtg] u/]sf],
= g]kfnsf] zflGtk|ls|of, :jtGqtf, ;+ljwfgh:tf s'/f / cGo
;f+:s[lts ;fdflhs ljifo klg ljZjJofkL ¿kdf km}nfpg ;lsg],
= /fhg}lts bafasf sf/0f ;dfrf/x¿df ljsf; lgdf{0f / e|i6frf/sf
s'/fx¿ n'Kt x'g] u/]sf],
= ljsf;sf sfddf x'g] u/]sf e|i6frf/sf ljifodf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f x'g
g;s]sf],
= g]kfnh:tf] d'n'ssf kqsf/nfO{ ldq / zlSt /fi6«n] k|of]u ug{ vf]H5g\,
Tof] a'‰g' h?/L ePsf],
= ljb]z dfldnfdf l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ kqsf/df cWoogsf] sdL /x]sf],
= k//fi6« l/kf]l6{ª eg]sf] k//fi6« dGqfnosf] l/kf]l6{ª xf]Og, o;df /Iff,
k|zf;g, lzIff, 6]«8 cyjf ;a}vfn] l/kf]l6{ª x'G5 eGg] a'‰g h?/L /x]sf],
= ljb]z dfldnfdf l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ kqsf/n] dGqfnoaf6 ;dodf ;"rgf
gkfpFbf ;d:of x'g] u/]sf], tfn'sbf/ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ;"rgfs} cfwf/df
;dfrf/nfO{ k'li6 ug'{kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf],
= k//fi6« dGqfnonufot /fHosf cGo lgsfon] ;dodf g} ;"rgf ljt/0f
ug'{kg]{,
= ljb]z dfldnfdf l/kf]l6{ª ug]{nfO{ Ifdtf clej[l4 tflndsf] lbg' cTofjZos
/x]sf],

39
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

= …kmf]/g
] ldlg:6«LÚ …;fOn]G; ldlg:6«LÚdf ¿kfGt/0f x'g'n] ;d]t ljb]z
dfldnfdf l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ kqsf/ yk kL8fdf /x]sf] .
æk|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yf / r'gf}tLÆ ljifos sfo{s|d
sfplG;ndf clen]vg ePsf 36gf / ;du|df k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yfaf/]
5nkmn ug{ ldlt @)*! c;f/ @& ut] …k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yf / r'gf}tLÚ
ljifos cGt/ls|of sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] . k|]; :jtGqtf cg'udg pk;ldltsf]
;+of]hgdf ePsf] sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]tn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn]
sfo{kq k|:t't ug{'ePsf] sfo{s|dsf] ;~rfng tyf ;xhLs/0f jl/i7 k|zf;sLo
clws[t bLks vgfnn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf u[x dGqfnosf ;"rgf
clwsf/L, rf/} j6f ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|jQmf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 / k|];
:jtGqtfsf] If]qsf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwnufosf] pkl:ylt /x]sf]
lyof] . k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yfsf ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ lgisif{
lgsfNg' tyf cfufdL lbgdf o:tf 36gf sd ug{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ sfo{s|dsf]
p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf] clen]vcg';f/ o; jif{ k|]; :jtGqtf xgg\sf
&( j6f 36gf /x]sf 5g\ .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= cfˆg} ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of]u u/L rn]sf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 x'g] k|];
:jtGqtf b'?kof]u sfplG;nsf] lgodgsf] bfo/fdf kg]{,
= sfplG;nn] k|]; :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f ug{] ePklg kqsf/n] klg ;Ldfdf
a;]/ n]Vg'kg{],
= Go'h ¿dn] klg cfGtl/s cfrf/;lx+tf agfP/ :jlgodg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;
ug{'kg]{,
= kqsf/af6 ljleGg 7fpFaf6 k|efljt eP/ cfu|xhGo ;"rgf / ljrf/ k|jfx
ug{] sfd eO/x]sf] eGg] u'gf;f] cfO/x]sf] x'Fbf To:tf k|j[lQ /f]Sg'kg]{,
= k/Dk/fut ldl8of nf]k x'Fb} uO/x]sf] / Go' ldl8ofdf …u]6 lslkªÚ sdhf]/
/x]sfn] ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{,
= l8lh6n ldl8of ;fIf/tfsf nflu sfd ug{ cfjZos /x]sf],
= cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2fdf ;d]t ldl8ofdf ;fdu|L cfpg] u/]sfn]
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] k|fjwfg Vofn ug'{kg]{,

40
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= kqsf/n] dlxgf}F;Dd kfl/>lds gkfpFbf k|]; tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtfdf

c;/ k'u]sf] .

!=!=!! kbk"lt{
o; jif{ ljleGg kbdf l/St !! sd{rf/L kbk"lt{sf] nflu nf]s ;]jf
cfof]uaf6 lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfng eO pQL0f{ ;kmn pDd]bjf/ dWo]af6 kbk"lt{
;ldltn] ;"rgf k|ljlw l;k k/LIf0f / cGtjf{tf{ ;d]taf6 ;kmn pDd]bjf/nfO{
lgo'lStsf nflu l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL cg';f/ !! hgf sd{rf/L lgo'St
ePsf 5g\ . l/St /x]sf] n]vf clws[tsf] kbk"lt{ k|ls|of cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 .

!=!=!@ sd{rf/L cjsfz sf]if j[l4

sfplG;n ;]jfaf6 cnu x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ k|]; sfplG;n sd{rf/L
ljgLodfjnLn] u/]sf] Joj:yf cg';f/sf] ;'ljwf e'StfgL ug]{ k|of]hgfy{ :yfkgf
ePsf] sd{rf/L cjsfz sf]ifdf o; jif{ ljlgof]hg ePsf] /sd @) nfv yk
u/L j[l4 ul/Psf] 5 .

!=!=!# k|]; ;ª\u|xfno

g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tfsf] ;du| Oltxf;sf] ;+/If0f x'g ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L
:yflkt k|]; ;ª\u|xfnosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu yk cWoog cg';Gwfg
eO/x]sf] 5 . ;ª\u|xfnosf nflu sfplG;ndf xfO8n k|];, z'4fz'4L x]g]{ d]l;g,
sl6ª d]l;g, UofnL;lxtsf] P]ltxfl;s ;fdu|L;lxt ;~rf/ ;Da4 k'/fgf
Sofd]/f, /]l8of], 6fOk/fO6/ cflb ;fdu|L ;ª\sng u/L /flvPsf] 5 . cGo ;fdu|L
;ª\sng eO/x]sf] 5 . ;ª\u|xfnosf nflu ejg cfjZos /x]sfn] ejg lgdf{0f
ug{ l8lkcf/ tof/Lsf] k|ls|ofdf /x]sf] 5 .

!=!=!$ l;:6d ck8]6

k|]; sfplG;ndf ;~rf/ dfWodsf] clen]v / cg'udg k|of]hgsf] nflu
s]xL l;:6dx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . kqklqsf k|sfzgsf] clen]v ug]{
nfOa|]/L l;:6d, kqklqsf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL -lkl8Pkm l;:6d_ cgnfOg /]l8of]
cg'udg l;:6d, cgnfOg ldl8of cg'udg l;:6d, 6]lnlehg cg'udg l;:6d
;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . 6]lnlehg clen]v / cg'udg l;:6ddf ut jif{b]lv

41
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

;d:of cfO dd{t ;Def/ ;lxtsf cGo ljsNksf af/]df 5nkmn eO/x]sf]
5 eg] cGo ;a} l;:6dx¿ lgoldt ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . k|To]s jif{ oL
l;:6dnfO{ ;dofg's"n ck8]6 ug'{kg]{df ;f] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t/ lgoldt
;~rfngsf] nflu jflif{s dd{t ;Demf}tf -AMC_ u/L sfd x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
cfly{s sf/f]af/sf nflu PsfplG6ª l;:6ddfkm{t sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cgnfOg
;"rLs/0fsf nflu l;:6d lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3 a9]sf] 5 .

!=!=!% cWoog÷cg';Gwfg
o; jif{ g]kfnL ldl8ofsf] cj:yf;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]h;lxt xfnsf]
cj:yfaf/] cWoogsf] z'ef/De ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} kqsfl/tfdf h]g/] 6] 8] PcfOsf]
k|of]usf ;fy} ldl8ofsf] xfnsf] cj:yf;DaGwdf cWoog Pj+ cg'udg ul/Psf] 5 .

!=!=!^ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf k|rf/÷k|;f/

kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf, @)&# -klxnf] ;+zf]wg, @)&^_ df plNnlvt kqsf/
/ ;~rf/ dfWodn] ug{ gx'g] cfrf/;+lxtfsf !$ a'Fbf pNn]v ePsf] ˆn]S; o;
jif{ klg ljt/0f eof] . o:t} cfrf/;+lxtf k'l:tsf / ;ª\u|x klg ljt/0f ul/Psf]
5 . o:t} o; jif{ #) lhNnfdf kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{s|d eof] .
;f]xL s|ddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn]
kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf;DaGwL ˆn]S;, ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L / emf]nf ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 .
oL sfo{n] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf k|rf/ k|;f/df ;3fp k'u]sf] 5 .

!=!=!& cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] l5d]sL d'n's ef/t, aª\unfb]z, Dofgdf/,
;fOk|;;Fu låkIfLo ;Demf}tf u/L cg'ej cfbfg k|bfgdfkm{t ;DaGw lj:tf/sf
nflu låkIfLo ;Demf}tf -MOU_ sf] gjLs/0fsf nflu kqfrf/ u/]sf] 5 . To:t}
sfplG;nsf] 6f]nL l5d]sL d'n's rLgsf] e|d0f u/L cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg u/]sf]
5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw pk;ldltsf] ;+of]hgdf ljb]z dfldnfdf l/kf]l6{ª ug]{
kqsf/;Fu 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 .

42
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

!=!=!* ;+:yfut cflyTodf cWoIf

= @)*) ;fpg #) – k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn – n'lDagL k|b]zsf tTsfnLg
d'VodGqL l8NnLaxfb'/ rf}w/L;Fu e]63f6 / :jfut
= @)*) kmfu'g % – af/f – …s[kfÚ b}lgssf] @!cf}F jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]x
= @)*) r}q @@ – /f}tx6 – …/f}tx6 6fOD;Ú sf] @^cf}F jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]x
= @)*! j}zfv # – bfª – g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 bfªsf] @@cf}F ;fwf/0f;ef
tyf !@cf} clwj]zg Pj+ ldl8of dxf]T;j
= @)*! j}zfv !% – ?kGb]xL – g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 ?kGb]xLsf] !@cf}F
clwj]zg tyf ;fwf/0f;ef
= @)*! j}zfv @! – ?kGb]xL – g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf] @&cf}F dxflwj]zg
= @)*! h]7 !$ – sf7df8f}F – uf]/vfkq k|sfzgsf] !@$cf}F jif{ k|j]z tyf
;+:yfgsf] ^@cf}F jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]x
= @)*! h]7 % – /f}tx6 – …xfOj] Go'hÚ sf] !@cf}F jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]x
= @)*! c;f/ !* – nlntk'/ – ;~rfl/sf ;d"xsf] sfo{s|d
= @)*! c;f/ @( – sf7df8f}F – ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / ;+j}wflgs tyf Goflos
kqsf/ d~råf/f cfof]lht …cbfntL l/kf]l6{ª / ;~rf/ dfWodÚ ljifos
sfo{s|d

!=!=!( cGo sfo{s|d÷ultljlw

kqsf/ dlxnfsf] cj:yf, ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo ljifos
cGt/ls|of
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf kqsf/ dlxnfsf] cj:yf, ;d:of /
;dfwfgsf pkfo ljifos cGt/ls|of sfo{s|d @)*) c;f]h !$ ut] ;DkGg
eof] . sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL ;/f]sf/jfnfn] k|ljlwd}qL kqsfl/tfsf nflu dlxnfnfO{
cEo:t u/fpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbP .
sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tn] gofF kqsf/sf] cfsif{0f /
kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu sfplG;nn] ljleGg /rgfTds sfd ub}{
cfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfplG;nsf d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ;~rf/

43
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

tyf ;"rgfk|ljlw dGqfno;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfplG;nn] k|b]z:t/df kqsf/

dlxnfsf] ;zlQms/0fsf] sfo{s|d ul/g]af/] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfo{s|ddf
;~rfl/sf ;d"xsL dxf;lrj a;GtL af:tf]nfn] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usL cWoIf sdnf k/fh'nL, ;"rgf tyf
k|;f/0f ljefusf dxflgb]{zs z+s/ g]kfn, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf
ljk'n kf]v]n
| , Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf cWoIf ;+lutf v8\sf,
;~rfl/sf ;d"xsL cWoIf ljdnf t'Dv]jf, jl/i7 kqsf/ lgd{nf zdf{, kqsf/
kljqf ;'gf/, zf]latf l/;fn, bLkf cfn], ;/:jtL 9sfn, sflnsf v8\sf, dl~hdf
9sfn, ;xgzLnf zdf{, ;l/tf>L 1jfnL, b'uf{ sfsL{, l;h{gf ltlD;gf, uLtf
lrdf]l/of, jL0ff l;Gxf, dg'sf s'Fj/, ;+uLtf kg]? nufotn] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{s|dsf] ;xhLs/0f sfplG;nsf jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t bLks
vgfnn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= kqsf/ dlxnfnfO{ la6 kqsfl/tf, g]t[Tj tx / kfl/>ldsdf ;d]t lje]b
x'g] u/]sf], sfo{:yndf b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ x'g'k/]sf],
= kqsf/ dlxnfnfO{ ;|f]tdf kx'Fr gePsf], ;do lbg g;Sg] nufot axfgfdf
cj;/af6 jl~rt ul/Psf],
= kqsfl/tfdf lglZrt cjlwkl5 j[lQljsf; gePsf] ljifo ;+oGq agfP/
;dfwfg ug{'kg]{,
= k|fljlws sfddf k'?if vf]Hg'kg]{ afWotf cGTo ug{ klg k|fljlws ;Lk /
l8lh6n kqsfl/tf tflndsf] h?/t ePsf],
= ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;Ifd agfpg lglZrt dfkb08 tf]s]/ ;f]xLcg';f/
;~rfngsf] gLlt Nofpg'kg]{, kqsfl/tfdf dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj :jLsfg{
k'?ifnfO{ ;d]t k|lzlIft ul/g'kg]{,
= kqsf/ dlxnfnfO{ ;"rgfsf nflu ;|f]t;Fu ;DaGw tyf tYofª\s
ljZn]if0fh:tf s'/fdf bIf agfpg h?/L /x]sf],
= kqsfl/tf;DaGwL sfg'g, ultljlw / sfo{s|d ;a} dlxnfd}qL x'g h?/L
/x]sf],
= >dhLjL kqsf/ P]gs} sf/0f kfl/>ldssf ;d:of aNem]sf], kqsf/sf]
kfl/>ldssf] ljifo >d P]gdfkm{t ;dfwfg ug{'kg]{ .

44
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

cfd;~rf/;Da4 ljw]ospk/ 5nkmn sfo{s|d

sfplG;nn] @)*) df3 !* ut] ;/sf/n] ;+;b\df btf{ ug{ nfu]sf
;~rf/;DaGwL ljw]os;DaGwL 5nkmn cfof]hgf u¥of] . sfplG;nsf] ;efxndf
cfof]hgf ePsf] ;f] sfo{sd| df sfplG;nsf kbflwsf/L;Fu} ;/f]sf/jfnf JolStsf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . k|; ] sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]tsf]
cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] pQm sfo{sd | sf] ;xhLs/0f k|; ] sfplG;n g]kfnsf
d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ug'e { Psf] lyof] . sfo{sd| df ;f+;b\ lbkf zdf{,
hgkqsf/ ;ª\u7gsf cWoIf z]/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{, ;dfhjfbL k|; ] ;ª\u7gsf
cWoIf ljZjdl0f ;'jb] L, k|;
] rf}tf/L g]kfnsf dxf;lrj lx/fdfg nfdf, ldl8of
PS;g g]kfnsf cWoIf nId0f kGt, ;lhnf] va/sf ;Dkfbs tf/fdl0f ;fksf]6f,
ls|ofzLn kqsf/ dlxnfsf cWoIf lgd{nf cfrfo{, ldl8of P8\ef]s; ] L g]kfnsf
lgb{z
] s alatf a:g]t, ;~rfl/sf ;d"xsf cWoIf ladnf t'Dv]jf, rnlrq kqsf/
;ª\3sf dxf;lrj /3'gfy ;fksf]6f, a|f8] sfl:6ª P;f]l;o;g ckm g]kfnsf cWoIf
s'df/ e6\6/fO{, ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;ª\3 -csf]/fa_sf cWoIf ch{g' lu/L,
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ elQm l3ld/], g]kfn k|; ] Ol:6Ro'6sf
cWoIf tLy{ sf]O/fnf, Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf cWoIf ;+lutf v8\sf,
cgnfOg ;ª\3 g]kfnsf] cWoIf cd[ts'df/ kGyL, Go'h Ph]G;L g]kfn -gfg_sf
;lag wdnf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf k"jc { WoIf dx]Gb| lji6 / sfplG;nsf
k"j;
{ b:o tf/fgfy bfxfnn] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . To:t} sfplG;nsf af]8{
;b:oåo b'uf{ e08f/L, /fdk|;fb bfxfn / l8lh6n /fO6\; g]kfnsf ;x;+:yfks
6ª\s cof{nn] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'e { Psf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf k|d'v ;jfn
= ;~rf/;DaGwL xfn sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf sfg'gx¿ ;+ljwfgsf] dd{cg';f/
gePsfn] klg o;df ;dofg';f/ ;+zf]wg jf k'gMn]vg h?/L 5 .
= ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v ePsf] …k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfÚsf] Joj:yf / wf/f
!( ;~rf/sf] xs, wf/f @& ;"rgfsf] xsnufot df}lns xsx¿sf] k|lts"n
x'g] u/L / ;ª\3Lotfsf] dd{ cfTd;fy gu/L 8«fˆ6 cl3 a9fpFbf clGtd¿k
lbg sl7g x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .
= ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] If]qdf ePsf] ljsf;, l8lh6n ldl8ofsf] …:sf]kÚ,
;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ / clwsf/ If]q gbf]xf]l/g] u/L sfg'g aGg'kg{]5 .

45
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

;dfrf/ ;Dkfbgdf kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;jfn sfo{s|d cGodf

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)*! c;f/ !* ut]
a'waf/ sfplG;nsf] ;efxndf ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbgdf sfd ul//x]sf ;Dkfbs
kqsf/;Fu 5nkmn sfo{s|dsf] cfof]hgf eof] . kqklqsf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg,
cgnfOgnufotsf dfWoddf sfo{/t em08} #% hgf kqsf/ sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL
ePsf lyP . kqsf/ cfrf/;lx+tfsf] kfngf ub{} ;dfrf/nfO{ sfg'gL, ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts ¿kdf ;xL agfpg e"ldsf v]Ng] 8]:s ;Dkfbsn] sfdsf l;nl;nfdf
ef]Ug'kg{] r'gf}tLaf/] hfgsf/L lng] / pxfFx¿nfO{ kqsf/ cfrf/;lx+tfaf/] yk
;hu agfpg' sfo{s|dsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] . sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f
a:g]tn] cWoIftf ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{s|dsf] ;xhLs/0f k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf
d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf p7]sf d'Vo ;jfnx¿
= 8]:sdf sfd ug]{ ;Dkfbsx¿n] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
/fVg'kg]{,
= s'g} klg dfWod ldl8of xf] xf]Og / ToxfF sfd ug{]x¿ kqsf/ xf]xf]Ogg\
eg]/ ToxfF cfPsf ;fdu|L ;Dkfbg x'G5 ls x'Fb}g eGg]n] 5'§fpg],
= ;Dkfbssf] sfdnfO{ ;dfrf/ sf6\g] sfdsf ¿kdf dfq} a'‰g] ul/Psf],
= ;dfrf/ /fd|f] x'Fbf h; gkfpg] eP klg ;dfrf/ lau|Fbf eg] ckh; kfpg]
u/]sf],
= ;DkfbsLo tx sdhf]/ x'Fbf ;dfrf/ ck"0f{ aGb} uO/x]sf,
= k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] ldl8ofsf ;fdflhs ;~hfn;Dd cfˆgf] If]q lj:tf/
ug'{kg{],
= kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf / ;DkfbsLo l;ksf ljifodf ldl8of xfp; cfkm}Fn]
klg tflnd lbg cfjZos /x]sf] .
sfplG;n;“u sn]h sfo{s|d
k|]; sfplG;n;Fu sn]h sfo{s|dcGtu{t cf=j= @)*)÷*! df kz'klt
ax'd'vL SofDk;, /Tg/fHo nIdL SofDk;, kf6g xfO:s'n, g]kfno sn]h,
jfuLZj/L sn]h, sf7df8f}F :s'n ckm n sn]h, An' j8{ sn]h, ;]G6 h]leo;{
sn]h, Vjk sn]h, rfd'08f dfWoflds ljBfno / g]kfn n sn]h nufotsf
ljleGg sn]hdf kqsfl/tf ljifo lnO cWoog u/]sf %*) 5fq5fqfnfO{ k|];

46
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

sfplG;n g]kfnaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{s|d tyf ultljlwsf af/]df ;ª\lIfKt hfgsf/L

lbg'sf ;fy} kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f sIff lbOPsf]
lyof] .

!=!=@) ;"rgf÷k|]; lj1lKt÷clkn÷Wofgfsif{0f

;"rgf
@)*)÷)$÷)# – nf]s sNof0fsf/L lj1fkgaf/] ;"rgf
@)*)÷)$÷)# – ;"rL btf{;DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*)÷)$÷!( – kqklqsfsf] clen]v cBfjlws u/fpg];DaGwL h?/L ;"rgf
@)*)÷)%÷!@ – k]|;sf k'/fgf ;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg];DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*)÷)^÷)^ – sfof{no aGb /xg]af/] ;"rgf
@)*)÷)^÷!^ – kqsfl/tf tflndsf nflu cfj]bg lbg]af/] ;"rgf
@)*)÷)^÷!( – kqklqsf juL{s/0fsf nflu 5'6 sfuhft a'Efmfpg];DaGwL
;"rgf
@)*)÷)^÷@! – tflndsf nflu 5gf]6 ePsf kqsf/nfO{ pkl:yltsf nflu
hfgsf/L
@)*)÷)&÷@) – v'nf tyf ;dfj]zL k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] lnlvt glthf
tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw ;Lk k/LIf0f / cGtjf{tf{;DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*)÷)*÷)^ – cf=j= @)&(÷*) sf] kqklqsf juL{s/0fsf] nflu cfj]bg
kmf/fd eg]{;DaGwL cToGt h?/L ;"rgf
@)*)÷)*÷)* – kqsfl/tf tflndsf nflu cfj]bg lbg]af/] ;"rgf
@)*)÷)*÷)( – k"j{jt\ ;"rgf ;+zf]wg ePsf]af/]
@)*)÷)*÷)( – lj=g $–% )&(÷*) sf] clGtd glthf k|sfzg;DaGwL
;"rgf
@)*)÷)*÷)( – lj=g &–*–( )&(÷*) sf] clGtd glthf k|sfzg;DaGwL
;"rgf
@)*)÷)*÷)( – lj=g !)–!! –!@ )&(÷*) sf] clGtd glthf k|sfzg;DaGwL
;"rgf
@)*)÷)*÷!# – kqsfl/tf tflndsf nflu cfj]bg lbg]af/] ;+zf]lwt ;"rgf
-k'gM k|sflzt_
@)*)÷)*÷!% – clGtd glthf k|sfzg tyf lgo'lStsf] nflu ;Dks{ /fVg

47
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

cfpg];DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*)÷)*÷!& – tflndsf nflu 5gf]6 ;xefuLx¿sf] gfdfjnL;DaGwL
;"rgf
@)*)÷)(÷!! – lgo'lSt kq lng cfpg];DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*)÷!)÷)& – ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;"rgf
@)*)÷!!÷!! – v'nf tyf ;dfj]zL k|ltof]lutfTds lnlvt k/LIffsf] lj1fkg
@)*)÷!@÷@) – k]|;sf ;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg];DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*!÷)!÷)$ – n]vf clws[t kbsf] lnlvt k/LIff;DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*!÷)@÷#! – Nofk6k, Sofd/f, n]vgj[lQ, ;f]wkq n]vg vl/b
cg'bfg;DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*!÷)#÷!$ – df}h'bf ;"rL btf{ ug]{;DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*!÷)#÷!^ – Go" ldl8of / kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf tflnd lng rfxg]x¿sf
nflu ;'cj;/
@)*!÷)$÷)$ – v'nf tyf ;dfj]zL k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] lnlvt glthf
tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw ;Lk k/LIff0f / cGtjf{tf{;DaGwL ;"rgf
@)*!÷)$÷)( – kqklqsfsf] clen]v xf8{skL tyf pdf b'j} cBfjlws
u/fpg];DaGwL h?/L ;"rgf
k]|; lj1lKt
@)*)÷)^÷)$ – kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg;DaGwL k]|; lj1lKt
@)*)÷)%÷!@ – k]|; sfplG;n g]kfnsf k"j{;b:o /fh]Zj/ g]kfnLsf] lgwgdf
zf]s jQmJo hf/L .
@)*)÷)^÷)$ – kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg;DaGwL k]|; lj1lKt
@)*)÷)^÷!& – cfklQhgs ;fdu|L kf]i6 gug{ sfplG;nsf] cfu|x
@)*)÷)&÷)! – # dlxgfdf ;~rf/ dfWodlj?å ! ;o @$ ph'/L k|fKt
@)*)÷)&÷!* – b}ljs k|sf]ksf] ;dodf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ubf{ yk ;+j]bgzLn
x'g ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ sfplG;nsf] cfu|x
@)*)÷)*÷)^ – cfrf/;+lxtf k|lts"nsf ;fdu|L x6fpg ljleGg ;fdflhs
;~hfnx¿nfO{ sfplG;nsf] lgb]{zg
@)*)÷)*÷!& – cfrf/;+lxtf k|lts"n ;fdu|L ;Dk]|if0f ug]{ o'6\o'a Rofgnx¿
@)*)÷)(÷!& – k]|; sfplG;n g]kfnsf k"j{;Nnfxsf/ jl/i7 kqsf/

48
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

uf]s'nk|;fb kf]v/]nsf] lgwgdf zf]s jStJo hf/L .

@)*)÷!!÷!^ – ;dfrf/ x'ax' ;fg]{ !*# cgnfOg sfplG;nsf] sf/afxLdf
# dlxgf otf !^) ph'/L km5\of}6
@)*!÷)$÷)( – tYout k':6\ofOF gx'g] ck':6 ;|f]t ePsf] ;"rgf ;Dk]|if0f
gug{ cfu|x
clkn
@)*!÷)!÷!@ – k|ltlglw;ef tyf k|b]z;ef ;b:o pklgjf{rgdf
cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfsf ;Gbe{df k]|; sfplG;n g]kfnsf]
clkn
Wofgfsif{0f
@)*)÷)^÷@^ – kLl8tnfO{ yk kL8f k'Ug] u/L ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f gug{
sfplG;nsf] Wofgfsif{0f
@)*!÷)!÷#! – Gofo lg?k0fdf k|efj kfg]{ lsl;dsf] ;fdu|L ;Dk]|if0fk|lt
sfplG;nsf] Wofgfsif{0f

!=!=@! sfplG;nsf k|d'v lg0f{o / sfof{Gjog cj:yf

a}7s ;ª\VofM !&
= ;fpg @@ / @# ut] eStk'/ lhNnfsf] /fgLsf]6df …Go' ldl8of / kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfsf r'gf}tLÚ ljifos …;Dkfbs ;+jfbÚ sfo{s|d ug]{
lg0f{o @)*! ;fpg @@ ut] ePsf]]df ;f]xL cg';f/ …;Dkfbs ;+jfbÚ Pj+
cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L dfggLo ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqL /]vf zdf{sf]
k|d'v cfltYotfdf sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf k|d'v ;~rf/ dfWoddf k|wfg
;Dkfbs÷;Dkfbs, Go'h k|d'v;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/ ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf
k|ljlw dGqfno, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf / k|ltlgw, sfg'gljb,
jl/i7 kqsf/, sfplG;n af]8{;lxtsf] ;xeflutfdf ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg
ePsf] lyof] .
= cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg pk;ldltaf6 sfplG;ndf k]; ePsf] cgnfOg
clen]v Pj+ ;"rLs/0f dfkb08, @)&* ;+zf]wg ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'Fbf
b]xfocg';f/ ;+zf]wg :jLs[t ug]{ @)*! ;fpg @$ df lg0f{o ePsf]M

49
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

dfkb08sf] !!-!_ kl5 b]xfosf] -@_ yk ug]{, -@_ cl3Nnf cf=j=x¿df

lgoldt ;"rLs/0f cBfjlws gu/L rfn' cf=j=df cWofjlws x'g cfPdf
5'6 ePsf k|To]s cf=j=sf] nflu yk ?= %)).– ;d]t lanDa z'Ns lnO
cBfjlws ul/g]5 .
= kqsfl/tf If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug]{ kqsf/÷;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k'/:sf/
k|bfg ug{ xfnsf] sfo{ljlw ;d]tsf cfwf/df sfo{ljlwdf ;'wf/÷kl/dfh{g
ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t u/L 5gf]6 ug]{sf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug{ k'/:sf/ 5gf]6
l;kmfl/; pk;ldlt u7g ug]{ lgof{o eO sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . To:t}
sfplG;nsf sfo{x¿ cgnfOgdfkm{t ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/L cfjZos tof/L
ug]{ lg0f{ofg';f/ sfo{ cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 .
= sfplG;nsf] %$ cf}F jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df kqsfl/tf If]qdf dxTjk"0f{
of]ubfg] JolStx¿nfO{ k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o @)*! c;f]h
@ ut] ePsf] lyof] eg] @)*! k'; ! df ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]unfO{
Jojl:yt ug]{;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)*) / o;af/] aGg] ljw]os;lxtsf
cGo ljifox¿df b]xfofg';f/sf /fo, ;'emfjnfO{ lnlka4 u/L tTsfn
dGqdnodf k7fpg] lg0f{o eO ;'emfj k7fOPsf] lyof]M–
8 ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]unfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{;DaGwL ljw]osdf æ
k|]; tyf cleJolSt :jtGqtfÆ ;ªs'rg gx'g] eGg] k|fjwfg /fVg'kg{]
8 lgb]{lzsfdf plNnlvt ædgl;aÆ eGg] h:tf zAb /fVg gx'g]
8 g]kfnaf6} ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf Kn]6kmd{;d]t
btf{÷;"rLs/0f x'g'kg]{
8 lgb]{lzsfdf /flvPsf] h:tf] ;Da4 lgsfosf] cg'udg ug]{÷u/fpg]
eGg] jfSof+z x6fpg'kg{]
8 ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifodf ;sf/fTds
cfnf]rgfTds l6Kk0fL ug{ ;lsg]] k|fjwfg /fVg'kg{]
8 o'6\o'jsf] lgodg / Joj:yfkg hf]8 lbg'kg{],
8 æ;Da4Æ lgsfo eGg] 7fpFdf æg]kfn k|x/LÆnfO{ klg yKg'kg{]
8 kfngf ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfgsf] pNnª\3g ePsf] xsdf sf/afxLsf] Joj:yf
x'g'kg]{
8 o;;DaGwL ljw]os tof/ kfbf{ dfly plNnlvt ljifodf Wofg lbg'kg{]

50
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= @)*! k'; !( sf] a}7saf6 ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]ifdf cfa4 x'g] ;DaGwdf

5nkmn x'Fbf cfa4 x'g], o;sf] nlfu tna ;dfof]hg;lxt lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ Pj+
yk ah]6sf] cfjZos kg]{ x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{ocg';f/
cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw pk;ldltaf6 sfplG;ndf
k]; ePcg';f/ ef/tLo k|]; sfplG;n, aª\unfb]z k|]; sfplG;n, Dofgdf/
k|]; sfplG;n / kfls:tfg k|]; sfplG;n;Fu låkIfLo ;dembf/Lkq
-MOU_ ug]{ . ;fy} ;fs{ d'n's;lxt glhssf cGo d'n's;Fu ;d]t
;DaGw lj:tf/sf] nflu kxn ug]{ lg0f{ofg';f/ kqfrf/ ul/Psf] 5 . @)*!
k'; @) ut]sf] a}7saf6 k|]; sfplG;n -sfo{Joj:yf_ lgodfjnL, @)$(
sf] ;+zf]wgsf] nflu k]; ePsf]df ;+zf]wg ug{ :jLs[ltsf nflu g]kfn
;/sf/;dIf k]; ul/Psf] 5 .
8 oxL a}7saf6 :yfgLo / k|b]z:t/sf ;/sf/L lj1fkg÷;"rgf
k|sfzgsf nflu :yfgLo / k|b]z:t/sf kqklqsfnfO{ k|fyldstfsf
;fy pknAw u/fpg ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg] . ;fy} ljB'tLo
vl/b;lxt vl/b;DaGwL ;"rgf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnaf6 juL{s/0fdf
k/]sf kqklqsfdf k|sfzg ug{ ;Sg] u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ug{
;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nonfO{ ;'emfj lbg] . To:t} ;fj{hlgs
vl/b P]gdf vl/b;DaGwL ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ To:tf] sfof{no /x]sf]
:yfgsf ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{kg]{ u/L ;fj{hlgs
vl/b;DaGwL sfg'g ;zf]wgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg]
lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .
= @)*! k'; @! ut]sf] a}7saf6 k|b]z÷:yfgLo ;/sf/ / g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;ª\3;Fu ;dGjo / ;xof]udf b]zJofkL ¿kdf cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f
ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng ug]{, k|]; sfplG;n P]g, @)$* df o;cl3
;+zf]wgsf] nflu k]; ePsf]df ;f] ljifo;lxt kqsf/sf] clen]vLs/0f ;fy}
jl/i7 kqsf/sf] dfkb08 agfO tf]Sg ;Sg] Joj:yf ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L
;+zf]wgsf] nflu n]vL k7fpg], hfh/sf]6, ?s'dnufot e'sDk k|efljt
lhNnfx¿df ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifsf] gLltdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ah]6

51
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

sfo{s|ddf k|aGw u/L cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg ldl8of ljsf;

sf]if pk;ldltdf n]vL k7fpg], kqklqsfn] kfpFb} cfPsf] nf]ssNof0fsf/L
lj1fkgsf] /sd nfdf] ;do;Dd j[l4 gePsf], kqklqsf l6sfO/xg
sl7gfO eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df 5nkmn x'Fbf kqklqsfnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] x'Fbf
nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkgsf] /sd bf]Aa/ j[l4 ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w
ug]{ lg0f{o eO sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 .
= @)*! r}t @) sf] a}7saf6 cfrf/;+lxtf ph'/L tyf sf/afxL;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw ;+zf]wgpk/ 5nkmn eO kl/dfh{g u/L :jLs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
o'6\oj clen]vLs/0f÷;"rLs/0f sfo{ljlw :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf]
5 . cgnfOg ;"rLs/0f;DaGwL l;i6d tof/ u/L cgnfOgaf6} sfo{
ug]{ u/L k|s[of cl3 a9]sf] 5 . sfplG;naf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfx¿sf]
z'Ns cgnfOgaf6 e'StfgL x'g] u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf afn]6 tyf e'StfgL
k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u ug]{ u/L ;lrjfnon] cfjZos tof/L ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t
ePsf] 5 . To:t} kqsfl/tf / kqsf/ hutnfO{ k|efjsf/L x'g] vfnsf
zf]w, cg';Gwfg u|Gysf] k|ltj]bg k|]; sfplG;nnfO{ k|fKt ePdf ah]6
tyf sfo{s|dsf] kl/lwleq /xL To;nfO{ k':tssf] cfsf/ lbO cl3 a9fpg]
lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .
= @)*! r}t @! ut]sf] a}7saf6 k|; ] :jtGqtf cg'udg;DaGwL sfo{ :jLs[t
ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL a}7saf6 s]xL kqklqsfn] ldn]dtf]df klqsfdf lj1fkgx¿
5fKg] / lj1fkgbftfsf]df pQm lbgsf] cª\s \ k'¥ofpg] t/ k|; ] sfplG;n
nufot clen]vLs/0f ug]{ sfof{nodf clen]v gu/fpg], ahf/df gk'¥ofpg]
u/]sf], ahf/df k'¥ofpFbf lj1fkg 5fk]sf] k[i7 ;dfj]z gu/L k'¥ofpg]
u/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf k/]sf] ph'/Lsf
cfwf/df sfplG;ndf n]vL cfpg] k|jl[ Q a9]sf] ;DaGwdf To:tf k|jl[ Q dWo]af6
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g u/]sf] b]lvPsf kqklqsfx¿nfO{ pNnª\3gsf]
cj:yfdf x]/L juL{s/0fdf ;dfj]z gu/fpg], ju{ 36fpg]nufotsf] sf/afxLsf
nflu ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f ;ldltdf n]vL k7fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . PcfO (AI)
k|ljlw / xfn eO/x]sf] o;sf] k|of]usf] Jofkstfsf ;DaGwdf sfplG;nn]
lj:t[t cWoog ug]{ lg0f{ofg';f/ cWoog ePsf] 5 . kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{
k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ /fO jfGtjf, lnDa' / tfdfª efiffdf kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf cg'jfb u/L k|sfzg ug]{ .

52
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

= ;~rf/ dfWodn] xfn ef]lu/x]sf] ljZj;gLotf / cfly{s ;ª\s6sf] cj:yf /

sfplG;naf6 cg'udgdf vl6Psf sd{rf/Lx¿af6 k|fKt k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df
oyfy{ l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;b:ox¿ ;d]taf6 ljz]if cg'udg ug]{ lg0f{o
@)*! h]7 @! ut] ePsf] / ;f]xL cg';f/ cg'udg ul/Psf] 5 .
To:t} sfo{s|d tyf ah]6sf] 5nkmn / :jLs[t, n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k];
eO 5nkmn / k|ltls|of k7fpg] . ;fy} k'/:sf/;DaGwL sfo{ljlwdf 5nkmn
ePsf] 5 eg] cGo k|zf;lgs lg0f{ox¿;d]t ePsf 5g\ .

!=@ cfly{s l:ylt

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] b}lgs k|zf;g ;~rfng Pj+ sfo{s|d ;Dkfbg
ug{sf] nflu clwsf+z ah]6 g]kfn ;/sf/af6 pknAw x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{
@)*)÷*! df rfn' ah]6 zLif{sdf ¿= $ s/f]8 *$ nfv ah]6 lgsf;f ePsf]
lyof] . cf=j= @)*)÷*! c;f/ dlxgf;Ddsf] ljlgof]lht tyf vr{ ljj/0f
b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! sf] ah]6 / vr{
@)*)÷*! sf] k|fKt ;fpgb]lv c;f/
v=zL=g+ vr{ zLif{s
ah]6 afF8kmfF8 d;fGt;Ddsf] vr{
@^$!@ tna !,((,&$,))).)) !,*!,)&,@)%.)^
@^$!@ ldl8of cg'udgstf{ tna #(,@),))).)) @$,!!,@)(.^@
@^$!@ ;~rf/ dx;'n !^,)),))).)) !%,)(,!%).&#
@^$!@ sfof{no;DaGwL vr{ !^,&),))).)) !^,&),))).))
@^$!@ e|d0f vr{ !^,)),))).)) !#,^*,)!#.*@
@^$!@ dxª\uL eQf !),%^,))).)) *,%%,%#*.^$
@^$!@ a}7s eQf / kl/jxg #@,$),))).)) @(,$%,%)&.&^
@^$!@ kf];fs $,$),))).)) #,(),))).))
@^$!@ OGwg %,%*,))).)) %,%*,))).))
@^$!@ kfgL tyf lah'nL dx;'n &,)),))).)) &,)),))).))
@^$!@ dd{t tyf ;Def/ *,*),))).)) *,*),))).))
@^$!@ k/fdz{ tyf ;]jfz'Ns -uf8L, ladf, sd{rf/L_ !#,%),))).)) (,(#,%!@.)!
@^$!@ ljljw vr{ &,)*,))).)) &,)*,))).))
@^$!@ cf}ifwL pkrf/ !,%),))).)) ).))
@^$!@ l;:6d cku|]8 tyf cGo dd{t;Def/ / ;'/Iff AMC !$,%),))).)) !#,*@,@((.$(

53
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

@)*)÷*! sf] k|fKt ;fpgb]lv c;f/

v=zL=g+ vr{ zLif{s
ah]6 afF8kmfF8 d;fGt;Ddsf] vr{
@^$!@ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf hfu/0f sfo{s|d !),)),))).)) ^,^#,%$$.))
@^$!@ kqklqsf juL{s/0f %,)$,))).)) %,)$,))).))
@^$!@ ;+lxtf hg{n, jflif{s k|ltj]bg / cGo k|sfzg !%,)),))).)) !%,)),))).))
@^$!@ pk;ldltut sfo{s|d ^,)),))).)) %,!@,&*&.)^
@^$!@ kbk"lt{ sfo{s|d %,)),))).)) %,)),))).))
@^$!@ jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]x / ljwfut k'/:sf/ !$,)),))).)) !#,(@,!*&.%)
@^$!@ sd{rf/L cjsfz sf]if @),)),))).)) @),)),))).))
@^$!@ k|]; ;ª\u|xfno !,)),))).)) *$,$##.$)
@^$!@ vf]h tyf cg';Gwfg / k':ts k|sfzg $,)),))).)) #,((,(((.((
@^$!@ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf k|;f/k|;f/ %,)),))).)) %,)),))).))
@^$!@ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg, ph'/L, sf/afxL $,)),))).)) #,((,((@.))
@^$!@ l8lh6n÷ldl8of ;fIf/tf sfo{s|d @,)),))).)) @,)),))).))
lkmtf{ – %@,$(,!#!.))
lx;fa ldnfg afFsL÷sd – !%,$*&.(@
hDdf /sd $,*$,)),))).)) $,*$,)),))).))
dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt yk cg'bfg
dlxnf kqsf/sf] nflu Ifdtf clej[l4
! &,%),))).)) &,#),!$%.(&
sfo{s|d
o'6\o'a Joj:yfkg / cled'vLs/0f
@ !*,&%,))).)) !^,)),*#).(^
sfo{s|d
# afFsL lkmtf{ /sd – @,($,)@#.)&
hDdf /sd @^,@%,))).)) @^,@%,))).))

cfDbfgL vr{sf] kl5Nnf] cf7 jif{sf] ljj/0f

@)&#÷&$ lgsf;f ¿= $(&(@ -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= ##$^$ -xhf/df_
@)&$÷&% lgsf;f ¿= %#!@% -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= $$#%& -xhf/df_
@)&%÷&^ lgsf;f ¿= $&()) -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= $!@%) -xhf/df_
@)&^÷&& lgsf;f ¿= %!()) -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= #*^)$ -xhf/df_
@)&&÷&* lgsf;f ¿= %)$)) -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= #(($& -xhf/df_
@)&*÷&( lgsf;f ¿=$^()) -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= $@!$^ -xhf/df_
@)&(÷*) lgsf;f ¿=$^*)) -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= #((&% -xhf/df_

54
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

@)*)÷*! lgsf;f ¿=$*$)) -xhf/df_ vr{ ¿= $#@%) -xhf/df_

o'6\o'a Joj:yfkg, cled'vLs/0f / kqsf/ dlxnfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
sfo{s|d
hDdf ah]6 M ¿= @^ nfv @% xhf/
vr{ M ¿= @# nfv #) xhf/ ( ;o &^ ?k}ofF (# k};f .

!=@=@ ljleGg k|of]hgsf vftfsf] cj:yf

sd{rf/L cjsfz sf]if
sd{rf/L cjsfzkZrft\sf] ;'ljwf e'StfgLsf] nflu sd{rf/L cjsfz sf]if
vftf /x]sf] 5 . pQm sf]ifdf cf=j= @)*! c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ¿= & s/f]8
$& nfv ($ xhf/ ^ ;o *! ?k}ofF @$ k};f /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ jflif{s
ah]6af6 ljlgof]lht ;fy} sf]ifaf6 k|fKt Aofhaf6 sf]if j[l4 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
d'2tL vftfsf] k|fKt Aofh /sd / d'2tLdf /x]sf] /sdaf6 sd{rf/L ljlgoddf
Joj:yf ePcg';f/ sd{rf/L cjsfz x'Fbf To:tf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;'ljwfx¿
pknAw x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
sd{rf/L ;fk6L sf]if
;fk6L sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sdaf6 k|]; sfplG;n sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLdf
Joj:yf ePcg';f/ ^ dlxg], ! jif]{ / # jif]{ tna ;fk6L pknAw x'g] u/]sf]
lyof] . pQm ;fk6L ;'ljwf k|of]uafkt ljlgodfjnLdf pNn]v ePcg';f/
sd{rf/Laf6 ;os8f # k|ltztsf b/n] Aofh lnOg] ul/Psf] 5 . o; sf]ifaf6
@)*! c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ¿= ^% nfv ! ;o ^# ?k}ofF !@ k};f sd{rf/LnfO{
tna ;fk6L:j¿k pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLcg';f/ lbOPsf]
;fk6L /sd ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] tnaaf6 lgodfg';f/ k|To]s dlxgf s6\6f
u/L c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .
o; sf]ifdf ut jif{ ¿=** nfv ^) xhf/ ^ ;o ** ?k}ofF %^ k};f
/x]sf]df of] jif{ ¿= () nfv &* xhf/ ! ;o *& ?k}ofF @ k};f /x]sf] 5 .
k|]; sfplG;n uf]kfnbf; kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ sf]if
k|]; sfplG;n uf]kfnbf; kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug{sf nflu :yflkt

55
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

cIfo sf]ifsf] /sd ¿= #% nfv /x]sf] 5 . d'2tL vftfdf /flvPsf] ;f] /sdsf]
Aofhaf6 k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j=@)^&÷^* af6 k'/:sf/sf]
/flz ¿= ! nfv sfod ul/Psf]df cf=j= @)&#÷&$ af6 ¿= ! nfv kfFr
xhf/ / cf=j= @)&%÷&^ af6 ¿= ! nfv %! xhf/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j=
@)*)÷*! sf] Aofh cfDbfgL ¿= @ nfv (% xhf/ ^# ?k}ofF ** k};f /x]sf]
5 . of] sf]ifdf xfn ?= #( nfv ^^ xhf/ @ ;o #* ?k}ofF @$ k};f /x]sf] 5 .
k|]; sfplG;n ;'/G] b|axfb'/ a:g]t kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ sf]if
k|]; sfplG;n ;'/]Gb|axfb'/ a:g]t kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug{sf nflu
@)&# ;fndf :yflkt cIfosf]ifsf] /sd ¿= @^ nfv /x]sf] lyof] . d'2tL
vftfdf /flvPsf] ;f] /sdsf] k|fKt Aofhaf6 k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
cf=j @)&%÷&^ af6 ;f] k'/:sf/ :yfkgf u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] ;f] k'/:sf/sf]
/flz ¿= ! nfv % xhf/ sfod ul/Psf]df cf=j= @)&&÷&* b]lv k'/:sf/sf]
k'FhL j[l4 u/L ¿= @* nfv / k'/:sf/ /flz ¿= ! nfv !) xhf/ k'¥ofOPsf] 5 .
pQm sf]ifsf] rNtL vftfdf cf=j= @)*)÷*! sf] Aofh cfDbfgL ¿= @ nfv
(( xhf/ % ;o &% ?k}ofF $ k};f;lxt hDdf ?= $ nfv &( xhf/ * ;o ^&
?k}ofF ( k};f /x]sf] 5 . c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ¿= #@ nfv &( xhf/ * ;o ^&
?k}ofF ( k};f df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 .
k|]; sfplG;n k'/:sf/ cIfo sf]if
cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( af6 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] k|bfg ul/g]
k'/:sf/sf] lg/Gt/tfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ 5'6\6} k'/:sf/ sf]if :yfkgf ug]{
p2]Zon] ¿= !) nfvaf6 :yflkt k'/:sf/ cIfosf]ifnfO{ sf]if j[l4 ub}{
xfn ¿=$) nfv k'¥ofO d'2tL vftfdf /flvPsf] 5 . pQm d'2tL vftfaf6
cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df # nfv !( xhf/ ^ ;o @ ?k}of @@ k};f Aofh
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;f] /sd kqsf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ jflif{s ¿kdf
k'/:sf/ ljt/0fdf vr{ ul/g]5 . pQm sf]ifsf] d'2tL / rNtL vftfdf cf=j=
@)*)÷*! sf] Aofh cfDbfgL ;d]t u/L ?= %) nfv !& xhf/ ^ ;o !(
?k}ofF (^ k};f df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 .
of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t sd{rf/L cjsf; sf]if
nfdf] ;do;Dd s/f/df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿ s/f/ ;dfKtkl5 3/ hfg]

56
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

;dodf s]xL ;'ljwf xf];\ eGg] p2]Zosf nflu cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( df
of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t sd{rf/L cjsfz sf]if vftf vf]nL ¿= * nfv d'2tL
vftfdf /flvPsf] 5 . pQm d'2tL vftfdf /flvPsf] /sdaf6 cf=j= @)*)÷*!
df ¿= ^* xhf/ ( ;o $* ?k}ofF !( k};f Aofh k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQm sf]ifsf]
d'2tL / rNtL vftfdf cf=j= @)*)÷*! sf] Aofh cfDbfgL ;d]t u/L ?= !)
nfv !$ xhf/ @ ;o ^^ ?k}ofF @ k};f df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 .
kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if
of] sf]ifaf6 pk;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jf:Yof]krf/ u/fpg'kg]{ kqsf/nfO{
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;;lxt tf]lsPsf] sfuhftsf
cfwf/df sfo{ljlwsf] clwgdf /xL cf}ifwf]krf/ ;'ljwf k|bfg x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
cf}ifwf]krf/ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] k|of]hgsf lgldQ sfplG;nn] @)%@ ;fndf
kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if gfds Pp6f 5'6\6} cIfo sf]if :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . ¿= !)
nfvaf6 k|f/De ePsf] cIfo sf]ifsf] /sd xfn ¿= ! s/f]8 $ nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
;f] sf]ifaf6 cflh{t Aofh /sdaf6 la/fdL kqsf/nfO{ ;xof]u ul/G5 . /f]usf]
cj:yf x]/L /sd l;kmfl/; ug{ kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if pk;ldlt u7g ul/Psf]
5.
kqsf/ sNof0f sf]ifdf cf= j= @)*)÷*! df ¿= * nfv ## xhf/ * ;o
&* ?k}ofF #@ k};f Aofh cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . pQm cfDbfgLaf6 o; cfly{s jif{df
%^ hgf kqsf/nfO{ :jf:yf]krf/sf nflu ¿= % nfv *! xhf/ cfly{s ;xof]u
k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . sf]if :yfkgfb]lv xfn;Dd &!* hgf la/fdL kqsf/nfO{
¿=&% nfv ^@ xhf/ ! ;o %^ ?k}ofF ( k};f cf}ifwf]krf/ ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/Psf]
5 . o; jif{sf] cGTo;Dd sf]ifdf ¿= ! s/f]8 % nfv (( xhf/ ^ ;o $& ?k}ofF
(* k};f df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 .

ldl8of ljsf; sf]if

ldl8ofnfO{ :jtGq, cfw'lgs tyf Jofj;flos/0f agfO g]kfnL
kqsfl/tf If]qsf] ;d'lrt ljsf;sf nflu df]km;nsf ;~rf/ dfWodsf]
u'0ffTdstfdf clej[l4 ug{ / cfTdlge{/ agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/ / 8]gdfs{
;/sf/sf] ;+o'St ;xof]udf ;g\ !((% sf] cS6'a/df -lj=;=@)%@ c;f]h_
ldl8of ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . df]km;nsf kqklqsfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf

57
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

ljljw ;d:ofsf] k|f/lDes lg/fs/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' g} ldl8of ljsf;

sf]ifsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ¿=! s/f]8 %) nfv;lxt
8]lg; ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ¿= ! s/f]8 &% nfv / Aofhaf6 vf]n]sf] d'4tL;d]t
hDdf ¿= $ s/f]8 &! nfvsf] sf]if /x]sf] 5 . o; cf=j= @)*)÷*! df ¿= #!
nfv *^ xhf/ ^ ;o &! ?k}ofF (( k};f Aofh k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
o; cf=j= df ¿= @ xhf/ % ;o &( ?k}ofF %) k};f /]l8of] pks/0ftkm{
Aofh cg'bfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} o; jif{ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 c3f{vfFrL
zfvfnfO{ ;~rf/ s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nflu ?= ! nfv $( xhf/ ( ;o (* ?k}ofF
$^ k};f cg'bfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . Nofk6k vl/bdf lbOPsf] cg'bfg ¿= !!
nfv &# xhf/ @ ;o %% ?k}ofF, Sofd/f vl/bdf lbOPsf] cg'bfg ?= # nfv
%# xhf/ & ;o $* ?k}ofF, ;f]wkq n]vg 5fqj[lQafkt ¿=! nfv, km]nf]l;k
-n]vgj[lQ_ sfo{s|dafkt ¿= ! nfv %) xhf/, ljz]if /fxt tyf ;x'lnot
sfo{s|d-OG6/g]6 ;'ljwfafkt_ ?= % nfv *% xhf/ / cGo sfo{s|d vr{;d]t
¿= !) nfv & ;o $( ?k}ofF $) k};f u/L hDdf ?= #% nfv !% xhf/ # ;o
#) ?k}ofF #^ k};f vr{ ePsf] 5 . ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifsf] @)*) ;fpgb]lv
@)*! c;f/ d;fGt;Dd e'StfgL ul/Psf] cg'bfg vr{ ljj/0f 5'6\6} /x]sf] 5 .
k|]; lSnlkª ;]jf
cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df k|]; lSnlkª ;]jf k|bfg u/]afkt u|fxsaf6 ¿=
!% nfv #& xhf/ * ;o !* ?k}ofF cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . o; ;]jfsf] sf]ifaf6 of]
jif{ ¿= @ nfv @@ xhf/ & ;o $$ ?k}ofF @^ k};f Aofh k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;
cfly{s jif{df k|]; lSnlkªtkm{ kfl/>lds, OGwg, kmf]6f]skL d]l;g dd{t, d;nGb
vl/b / ;]jf z'Ns;d]t hDdf ¿=!% nfv *@ xhf/ * ;o ^^ ?k}ofF ^$ k};f
vr{ ePsf] 5 . cf=j=sf] c;f/ d;fGtdf o;cGtu{t ¿= @* nfv && xhf/ ^
;o (% ?k}ofF ^@ k};f art /x]sf] 5 .

58
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

v08 @
cg'udg / sf/afxL

59
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

60
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

@=! cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg

sfplG;nn] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf lgoldt cg'udg ug]{, cfrf/;+lxtf;DaGwL
ph'/L lng] / cfjZostfcg';f/ sf/afxL ug]{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{
cfrf/;+lxtf;DaGwL ph'/L, :jcg'udg / sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf]
5Ù
s|=;+= ljj/0f ph'/L :jcg'udg hgu'gf;f] hDdf
! btf{÷clen]v ##( !$! !#
@ km5\of}{6 @!( !)* *
# k|ls|ofdf !@) ## %
gf]6 M :jcg'udgcGtu{t s'n $!@ j6f ;fdu|L cg'udg ePsf]df !$! j6f
cfrf/;+lxtf k|lts"n b]lvPsfn] :jcg'udg v08df !$! j6fdfq /flvPsf] .
;~rf/ dfWodn] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g u/]sf] eGb} cf=j=
@)*)÷*! df s'n ##( ph'/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ . h;dWo] @!( j6f o;}
cf=j=df km5\of}{6 ePsf 5g\ eg] !@) j6f k|ls|ofdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L
sfplG;nsf] lgoldt :jcg'udgaf6 $!@ ;fdu|L :jcg'udg ePsf]df !$!
j6f ;fdu|L cfrf/;+lxtf k|lts"n b]lvPsf]df ;a} km5\of}{6 ePsf 5g\ eg] x]nf]
;/sf/nufotaf6 k|fKt ePsf hgu'gf;fx¿ s'n !# j6f btf{ ePsf]df * j6f
o; cf=j=d} km5\of}}{6 ePsf 5g\ eg] % j6f k|ls|ofdf /x]sf] 5 .
cf=j= @)*)÷*! df k|fKt ph'/Lsf] ;ª\VofTds ljj/0f
JolStut ph'/L
s|=;= ;+:yfut ph'/L
dlxnf k'?if
! !)! ^$ !&$
!)! @#*
hDdf
##(

61
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

@)*)÷*! df btf{ eO km5\of{}6 ePsf ph'/Lx¿

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/
! ;~hf]u /f0ff cfly{s b}lgs …8LP;kL s0f{sf] ;]l6ªdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;Dk|]lift
p7f}tL wGbfÚ zLif{sdf v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
em'¶f ljj/0f /fvL hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;dfrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f u/]af6 hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
rl/qxTof ePsf] egL k|ltls|of k]; gePsfn]
@)*) ;fpg @ ut] @)*) k'; % ut]sf]
ph'/L k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@ ;'lzn cfly{s b}lgs æ8LP;kL s0f{sf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;Dk|]lift
lzjfsf]6L ;]l6ªdf p7f}tL wGbfÚ v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
zLif{sdf em'¶f ljj/0f hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/fvL] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
u/]af6 rl/q xTof k|ltls|of k]; gePsfn]
ePsf] egL ldlt @)*) @)*) k'; % ut]sf]
;fpg @ ut] ph'/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
k/]sf]
# sdn lu/L hgaf]nL 86sd …tf}ng g;lsg] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;fdfu|
xfn;Dds} 7"nf] ;RofO k]; ePsf] hjfkm
kl/df0fdf ;'g ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
a/fdb, u[xdGqL u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
>]i7sf] ;+nUgtf gcfPsf] x'Fbf @)*) k'; %
a:g]tÚ zLif{sdf em'7f] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
/ e|dk"0f{ ;dfrf/ dfWodnfO{ zLif{s rogdf
5fk]sf] egL @)*) ;fjwfgL ckgfpg]tkm{
;fpg $ ut] ph'/L ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
k/]sf]
$ ;'s'df/L Pr6LkL va/ …sd{rf/L / 7]s]bf/åf/f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 …e'nj;÷
;fx / >j0f 86sd lah'nL rf]/L, ah]6 c;fawflgj; k|of]u ePsf
s'df/ b]j l;Wofpg kfgLdfly efiffz}nL / k|:t'ltn] JolQm,
g} 9nfg' zLif{sdf ;d'bfo / ;+:yfnfO{ kg{ uPsf]
;Dk|]lift ;dfrf/df c;/k|lt Ifdfk|fyL{{ 5' .Ú egL
cfkm"nfO{ ckdfg u/L k]; ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ck/fwL eg]sf] egL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
@)*) ;fpg $ ut] k]; gePkl5 @)*) k'; %
ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ldl8ofnfO{
;r]t u/fO km5\of}6{

62
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

% ;Demgf dfwj ltjf/L ;fdflhs ;~hfn ;To tYo k/LIf0f gu/L
kf}8]n -km];a's_ df sfplG;n ph'/Lstf{sf] gfd;Fu
/ cfkm"nfO{ nlIft ldNg] gfddf Od]n uPsf]
u/L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] b]lvPsf] Screenshot ;lxt
;fdu|Lsf af/]df @)*) kf]i6 ePsf] ;fdu|Lsf
;fpg * ut] ph'/L af/]df ;'emfj;lxt hjfkm
k/]sf] dfu ul/Psf]df hjfkm
k]; gu/L k'gM ;fdflhs
;~hfndf pSt kqsf
af/]df l6sfl6Kk0fL ul/Psf]
;DaGwdf @)*) k'; %
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ gf]l6;df
/fvL km5\of}6{
^ aGbgf s0f{ skf]{/]6 86sd / …cWofudgsL s0f{sf] skf]{/]6 86sdaf6
u'8 l6=eL= Ao'l6l;og ;ª\3nfO{ v08g ;Dk|]if0f u/L k];
wDsL, ;ª\3n] k|ltjfb ePsf] hjfkm / u'8l6eL
ug]{Ú zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift o'6\o'a Rofgnaf6
;dfrf/ rl/qxTof ;Dk|]lift ;fdu|L x6fPsf]
u/]sf]n] cfTd;Ddfgdf cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf] ljifo
7'nf] wSsf k'u]sf] egL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
@)*) ;fpg ( ut] u/fpFbf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5
ph'/L k/]sf] @)*) k'; % ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
& ;'idf dx/f l/klAnsfb}lgs …sf7df8f}Fd} ;'idfåf/f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
86sd km]l;on xfp;df ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
dlxnfx¿sf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
gfª\uf] lel8of] agfPsf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
cf/f]k, b'nf]leq n'lsgÚ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
/ …km]l;on xfp;df k'; % ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
dlxnfsf] uf]Ko lel8of] km5\of}{6
agfPkl5 ks|fpk'hL{ hf/L,
Pdfn]sL ;'idfsf] ck/fw
arfpg sfFu|];sL zlzsf]
Uofª ;ls|o Û zLif{sdf
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lsf
ljifodf @)*) ;fpg (
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

63
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

* /fli6«o cfhef]nL, cgnfOg Go'h kf]6{n ;DalGwt ;~rf/
;dfrf/ z}nLGo'h, afudtL -l8lh6n_ klqsfn] dfWodnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f
;ldlt snd, ;ldltsf] cg'dlta]u/ ;f]lwPsf]df ;a}af6
slgsfva/, -u|fxs gagL_ ljleGg k|lta4tf;lxt :ki6Ls/0f
sk'/LGo'h, ldltdf ljleGg ePsf] x'Fbf @)*) kmfu'g
;~rf/s]Gb|, ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L x'ax' ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ pSt
lzv/;dfrf/, k|sfzg u/]sf] egL ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;r]t
:jfledfg, @)*) ;fpg !) ut] u/fO km5\of}{6
rs|ky, ph'/L lgj]bg btf{
Go'hcfhsf] ePsf]
86sd
( Go" ldl8of ;L6Ljfg l6=eL …s'd'lbgL xf]D; :s'nsf] ph'/L;fy k]; ePsf]
kf]v/f k|f=ln u}x|lhDd]jf/kg, a;n] v08gnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t}
-;L6L kf]v/f la/fdL 5fqnfO{ af6f]d} :yfg lbg / cfufdL lbgdf
86sd_ emf/]/ 5f]8\of]Ú zLif{sdfcfrf/;+lxtf k|lts"n x'g]
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lsf] u/L cGo s'g} ;~rf/
v08g ub}{ l;6Ljfg dfWodaf6 k|sflzt
6]lnlehgn] k|;f/0f ;dfrf/sf ljifodf
u/]sf] egL @)*) v08g¿kL ;dfrf/
;fpg !! ut] ph'/L k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f gug{tkm{
k/]sf] ;r]t u/fO ;~rf/
;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ lgb]{zg
lbOPsf]df v08g ;Dk|]if0f
u/L k]; ePsf] hjfkm
ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpFbf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5
@)*) k'; % ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
!) cfzfs'df/L cf1fva/ 86sd …kqsf/ ;DalGwt ldl8ofaf6
tf]nfª\u] tf]nfª\us
] f] sfnf] st'{t k|sflzt v08g;lxt
ld6/ Aofh wGbfÚ k]; ePsf] hjfkm
zLif{sdf skf]nslNkt ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
egL @)*) ;fpg !% gcfPkl5 @)*) c;f/ #!
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6

64
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!! g]kfn tfdfª k|fOd 6fOd tfdfª ;d'bfok|lt ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
3]b'ª Pr=8L= 6]lnlehg 3[0ff km}nfpg] ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
p2]Zon] cfTd;Ddfg / hfgsf/L u/fPsf]df
k|lti7fdf cf3ft k'Ug] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
u/L k|rlnt sfg'g k'; % ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ljk/Lt ckdfghgs hfthflt, ;d'bfok|lt 3[0ff
cleJolQm lbO ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL pTkGg x'g] / ;fdflhs
@)*) ;fpg !% ut] ;befjdf vnn k'Ug]
ph'/L k/]sf] ;fdu|L gug{ gu/fpg
;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;r]t
u/fO km5\of}6{
!@ /fli6«o dlxnf g]kfn km]; 86sd …OGe]i6d]G6 a}sF sf kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfdf
cfof]u 8]k6' L l;Ocf] 9sfndfly Joj:yfcg';f/
C0fL dlxnfn] nufOg\ ph'/Lstf{af6 a'Fbfut
ceb| Jojxf/sf] cf/f]kÚ v08g cfPdf ;f]nfO{ :yfg
zLif{sdf dlxnfdfly lbg ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{
ePsf] lx+;fsf] lgb]{zg lbg;Sg] a]xf]/f
;+jb] gzLntfnfO{ ga'emL
kLl8tsf] uf]kgLotf eª\u pNn]v u/L cfof]unfO{
u/L ;dfrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
u/]sf] egL @)*) c;f/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
!% ut] ph'/L lgj]bg r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
k/]sf] km5\of}{6
!# ;dtf a|]sPglnS; Ú;dtf kmfpG8];gsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
kmfpG8];g 86sd k"jc{ WoIflj?4 k]; ePsf] hjfkm
cbfntdf ph'/L btf{, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;dtf kmfpG8];gleq u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
c;dfgtfsf] k/fsfi7f, gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t @%
kf]n v'Ng] 8/n] sd{rf/L ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
lgsfNb} ;dtf kmfpG8];g,
;dfrf/ x6fpg ;dtf
kmfpG8];gsf] wDsLÚ
nufotsf zLif{sdf
cbfntL k|ls|ofdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] tYonfO{
tf]/d/f]8 u/L ;dfrf/
;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf egL
@)*) ;fpg !^ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

65
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!$ u0f]z 7f8f x6Go'h g]kfn, k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs ph'/Lstf{af6 k|fKt
du/ Pjfg g]kfn / agfO lbG5', d]/f] dfG5] lnª\sdf s'g} klg ;fdu|L
Pjfg ldl8of ;DalGwt lgsfodf ge]l6Psf] ;fdu|L cg'udg
5Ú elg ;z:q k|x/L x'g g;s]sf] / pSt
an g]kfn -;ª\u7g_ ;fdu|Lsf] lnª\s k7fpg
/ cfˆgf] k];fut ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k|lti7fdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t @%
egL @)*) ;fpg !* ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!% chos'df/ ljgf]b 7fs'/ /]l8of]af6 ahfPsf] j}olSts l6sfl6Kk0fL;lxt
d08n -/]l8of] j]nsd_ ;dfrf/nfO{ unt ;fdflhs ;~hfndf kf]i6
l6sfl6Kk0fL ub}{ cfˆgf] ePsf] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf @)*)
km];a's kf]:6df cfˆgf] r}t @% ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
kmf]6f];lxt unt ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]u
:6f6; /fvL rl/qxTof ubf{ ;fjwfgL ckgfpg
u/]sf] egL @)*) ljgf]b 7fs'/nfO{ ;r]t
;fpg !* ut] ph'/L u/fO km5\of}{6
k/]sf]
!^ ;l/tf kbf{kmf; 86sd …cNkdtdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
kl/of/ k/]kl5 ;l/tf kl/of/n] ePsf] :ki6Ls/0f hjfkm
;fwf/0f ;efsf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
lg0f{o gdfGg] ljjfb u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
lems]sf] cf/f]kÚ gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
zLif{ssf] ;dfrf/n] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
rl/q xTof ePsf] egL ug{]
@)*) ;fpg !* ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

66
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!& d]G5\ofo]d b[li6Go'h 86sd Úd]G5\ofo]d ufpFkflnsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
ufpFkflnsf cWoIfsf] sdfp wGbf, v08g ;Dk|]if0f gu/L
:sfe]6/ sAhf u/]/ %) k]; u/]sf] hjfkmaf/]
xhf/ c;'nÚ zLif{sdf @)*) c;f]h @ ut]sf]
lg/fwf/ ;dfrf/ lg0f{ofg';f/ ph'/Lstf{af6
5fk]/ dfgdof{bf tyf k|fKt k|ltls|of /
cfTd;Ddfgdf k|lts"n v08g ;Dk|]if0f u/L
c;/ k/]sf] egL @)*) hfgsf/L u/fpg lbOPsf]
;fpg !* ut] ph'/L lgb]{zgZrft\ k|sflzt
k/]sf] v08g;lxt k|fKt hjfkm
ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
gcfPkl5 @)*) k'; $
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
!* g]kfn g]kfnk|]; 86sd …v'lkmof Ph]G;L aGg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
b'/;~rf/ vf]Hb} k|flws/0f, v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
k|flws/0f 6]/fdS; nfu' eP o;/L hjfkm] ph'/Lstf{nfO{
r'lxg]5 JolQmsf] uf]Ko hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
s'/fsfgLÚ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
;Dk|]lift ;dfrf/pk/ k'; % ut] lg0f{ofg';f/
@)*) ;fpg !( ut] km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
!( lq=lj=lj= ps]/f86sd …k|lt ljBfy{L Ps nfv ldlt @)*)÷)(÷)# ut]
/fhgLltzf:q ¿k}ofF lnP/ lqljsf] ph'/Lstf{af6 …tTsfn s]xL
s]Gb|Lo k|Zgkq cfp6 u/]sf] ul//xg' gkg]{Ú egL df}lvs
ljefu eGb} clVtof/df ph'/LÚ k|ltls|of lbPsf] x'Fbf
zLif{sdf Pstkm{L{¿kdf @)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
dfgxfgL x'g]u/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
skf]nslNkt tyf em'§f]
;dfrf/ k|sfzg u/]sf]
egL @)*) ;fpg #)
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

67
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@) ;"o{k|;fb bz{gva/ 86sd …snfsf/ ph'/Lstf{sf] v08gnfO{
rfkfufO{ afGb|]n] ;'v]{tdf jfrg u/L lagftf]8d/f]8
-afGb|]_ 7uL ub}{, :jLs[lt k|;f/0f ug{ / k"j{jtM
glnO s/ 5nL u/L k|;fl/t ;fdu|Ldf
lkmNd b]vfpFb}, k/] afnaflnsfsf] >Job[Zo
k|x/Lsf] kmGbfdfÚ c+z / cdof{lbt zAb
zLif{sdf Eo'h a9fpg] x6fO ;Dkfbg;lxt k|;f/0f
p2]Zon] ckdfghgs ug{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg
Jojxf/ u/]sf] lel8of];Daf]wg u/L k]; ePsf]
/]s8{ agfO k|;f/0f hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
u/]sf] egL @)*) hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;fpg @( ut] ph'/L k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
k/]sf] k'; $ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of{}6
@! /flwsf kqsf/ caw]z ljBfno aGb ePsf] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf
nfld5fg] emf sf/0f sfof{nodf NofP/ Pj+ lgb]{lzsfljk/Lt
-n]vfkfn_, b'j} ;GtfgnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} ;fdu|L x6fpg lgb]{zg
lhk|sf, /fVg'kg]{ afWotfsf] lbOPkZrft\ km];a's k]hdf
;Kt/L kmfObf p7fP/ cfˆgf kf]i6 ePsf] pSt tl:a/
afnaflnsfsf] tl:a/ x6fOPsf] ljifodf @)*)
cg'dltlagf ;fdflhs df3 & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;~hfndf /fvL afn kqfrf/nfO{ ;r]t u/fO
dgf]lj1fgljk/Lt sfo{ km5\of}{6
u/]sf] egL @)*) ;fpg
@( ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
@@ kl/jlt{g /ftf]kf6L 86sd, …xgL 6«ofk cfˆg} …Gofo lg¿k0fdf k|efj
gfd -afnfh' d]rLvfnLva/nufot legfh';Fu Ps s/f]8sf] kfg]{ lsl;dsf] ;fdu|L
%%_ afu]{lgª k};f gkfPkl5 ;Dk|]if0f gug{÷gu/fpg
anfTsf/sf] d'2f==Ú lgb{]zg lbOPkZrft\ pSt
nufot zLif{ssf ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
;fdu|Lpk/ @)*) gb]lvPsf]n] @)*) r}t (
;fpg #) ut] ph'/L ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
k/]sf]

68
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@# rs|kf0fL n'lDagLxa 86sd …af0fu+ufdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
cof{n ljkb\ Joj:yfkg k]; :ki6Ls/0f hjfkm
jf0fu+uf sf]ifsf] b'¿kof]uÚ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
g=kf= ljkb Joj:yfkgh:tf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
wHhL p8fpg] sfo{ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
u/]sf] egL @)*)
;fpg #@ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
@$ zDe'k|;fb sf7df08'va/ …a'9fnLns07– !@ n] % ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
e§/fO{ 86sd jif{b]lv u}/sfg'gL¿kdf ;Dk|]if0f u/L v08g;lxt
p7fPsf] k};fsf] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
lx;falstfa ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
vf]Hb} gful/s / u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
a'9fgLns07df cfPsf gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
gofF n]vf zfvf k|d'v ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
b]jsf]6f sf] x'g\<Ú ug{]
nufot zLif{sdf
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lpk/
@)*) ;fpg #@ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
@% xl/axfb'/ hgk|xf/ 7u eGb} cfˆgf], >LdtL o'6\o'a Rofgnaf6
v8\sf o'6\o'a Rofgn tyf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ;d]t e'na; q'l6 ePsf] eGb}
(Janaprahar tl:a/ ;fj{hlgs u/L Ifdfofrgf;lxt ;fdu|L
Youtube Jofj;flos tyf x6fOPsf] egL k]; ePsf]
Chanel) JolStut 5ljdf cfFr hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
cfpg] ;fdu|L k|;f/0f hfgsf/L u/fOPsf],
u/]sf] egL @)*) ;f];DaGwdf @)*) df3 &
;fpg #@ ut] ph'/L ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;fdu|L
k/]sf] x6fpFbf cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
Joj:yf kfngf
ug]{÷u/fpg]tkm{ ;r]t
u/fO km5\of}{6

69
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@^ lnnfk|;fb of]xf] l6eL Pr8L…z/0fyL{h:t} ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
e§/fO{ -k"j{ ;g;gLk"0f{ hfkfg Ifdfofrgf;lxt e'n;'wf/
k//fi6«dGqL k|s/0f, lu/f]xsf] ub}{ v08g ;Dk|]if0f
8f= gf/fo0f kbf{kmf;Ú zLif{sdf u/L] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
v8\sfsf dfgdb{g / rl/qxTof, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;lrjfno /fhgLlts ab\gfd u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;b:o_ u/fpg] u/L ;fdu|L gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) ;fpg @$ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
@& lji0f' >]i7 g]kfnax; 86sd …/f:jkfsf g]tfn] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
7]Ssf lnPsf] ;z:qsf] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
j:q vl/bdf s/f]8f}F ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
e|i6frf/, ;]l6ªdf k|lt u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;]6 !) xhf/ 3f]6nfÚ gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;dfrf/pk/ @)*)
;fpg @% ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
@* gGbaxfb'/ g]kfnL/}j/ 86sd …z'esflnsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
zfxL ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf ;Dk|]if0f u/L ;f];lxt
zfxLsf] kl/jf/ df]x, k]; ePsf] hjfkm
>Ldfgb]lv b]j/;DdnfO{ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
pkef]Stf ;ldlt u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cWoIfÚ zLif{ssf]tYoxLg gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
;dfrf/n]JolQmut tyf ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
/fhgLlts dof{bfdf cfFr
k'¥ofpPsf] egL @)*)
;fpg @@ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
@( kl/jt{g /fO{ lemNsf] 86sd …Ps lSjG6n ;'g ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
k|s/0fn] klg Pdfn] g} ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
pbfª\luof]Ú zLif{ssf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;fdu|Ln] JolQmut hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
dfgdof{bf tyf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
cfTd;Ddfgdf k|lts"n kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
c;/ kf/]sf] egL @)*) lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
;fpg !* ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]

70
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

#) cy{ ;/f]sf/ cfly{s sfuh p:t} df:6x]8 agfO ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
86sd 86sd ;fdflhs ;~hfndf k]; ePsf] hjfkm
c¿sf] a|f08 jf gfd jf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
nf]uf] h:t} b]lvg] u/L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
nf]uf] agfO b'¿kof]u gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
u/L ;dfrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
u/]sf] egL @)*) ;fpg
!! ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
#! k"l0f{df u'?ª sflGtk'/ b}lgs, …hUuf xTofpg cfkmGt ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
sflGtk'/ 86sd g} ;ls|oÚ zLif{sdf klqsfsf] sfof{nodf
jf:tljs tYo, ;Dks{ u/L ljifoj:t'
k|df0f / cbfntdf /flvlbgsf nflu
ljrf/fwLg tyf lg¿k0f sfplG;nn] ;xhLs/0f
eO;s]sf] ljifodf ul/lbg'x'g eGg] a]xf]/fsf]
PskIfLo egfOsf] hjfkm k]; ePsf] ljifodf
cfwf/df ;dfrf/ @)*) ;fpg #)
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cfˆgf]
@)*) ;fpg # ut] v08g;lxt ;~rf/
ph'/L k/]sf] dfWodsf ;Dkfbs;Fu
;Dks{ ug{ hfgsf/L
u/fOPsf]df ph'/Lstf{af6
k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
df3 & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}{6
#@ k"j{ k|x/L sf7dfG8'kf6L …! ;o lsnf] / ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
dxflg/LIfs 86sd ( lsnf] ;'gsf ;Dk|]if0f u/L v08g;lxt
lw/hk|tfk d'Vo cleo'St;Fu k]; ePsf] hjfkm
l;+x k|x/Lsf b'O{ k"j{ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k|d'vsf] lg/Gt/ ;Dks{Ú u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
zLif{sdf JolStsf] gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
OHht, k|lti7f / ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
Vofltdf cfFr k'¥ofpg]
sfo{ u/]sf] egL @)*)
;fpg @% ut] ph'/L
btf{ ePsf]

71
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

## hfgsL lxdfnL;~rf/ …afFs]sf] hfgsL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
ufpFkflnsf, 86sd ufpFkflnsfdf cgf}7f] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
afFs] b[ZoM cgk9 cWoIf, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
rt'/ xflsd / …5fof u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cWoIfÚ sf] /huhÚ gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
zLif{sdf tYoxLg Pj+ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
e|dk"0f{ ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL @)*)
;fpg !* ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
#$ hafx/ k|;fb dw]zb[li6 b}lgs …gful/stf agfpg] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
u'Ktf l;kmfl/;sf gfdsf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
j8f cWoIfx¿sf] n'6Ú hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
zLif{sdf] /fhgLlts hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
rl/q xTof ug]{ tyf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
j8fnfO{ g} abgfd k'; % ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/
u/fpg] tl:a/ / km5\of{}6
ljj/0f /fvL ;dfrf/
k|sfzg u/]sf] egL
@)*) ;fpg !* ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
#% lblnks'df/ xfd|f s'/f 86sd ljleGg nf~5gf ph'/Ldf kqsf/
e08f/L nufO rl/qxTof cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
ug]{ dg;fon] ;fdu|L k|ls|of gk'u]sf]n]
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ ;Dks{ u/L
ldlt @)*) ;fpg !* v08g Pj+ k|ltls|of
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] elgPsf]df ;~rf/sdL{af6
dflu;s]sf]n] yk s]xL
ul//xg' gkg]{ egL df}lvs
k|ltls|of hgfPsf] x'Fbf
@)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6

72
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

#^ u'ef{sf]6 s0ff{nLkf]i6 86sd gu/kflnsfnfO{ abgfd btf{÷;"rLs/0f u/L ;fdu|L
gu/kflnsf / /]l8of]cf/De u/fpg], sd{rf/L, ;Dk|i] f0f ug{ lgb]z{ g
86sd hgk|ltlglwnfO{ lbFb} cfufdL lbgdf o:t}
xtf]T;flxt, dgf]an ls|ofsnfk k'g/fj[lQ ePdf
lu/fpg / abgfd cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
ug]{ u/L ;dfrf/, sf/afxL x'gt] km{ ;r]t
lel8of], kmf]6f] kf]i6 u/fOPkZrft\ k]; ePsf]
ub}{ JolStut km];a's hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
k]hdf kf]i6, ;]o/ u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fO @)*)
egL @)*) ;fpg !* k'; % ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] km5\of}6{
#& hof l;+x zf]e/fh a/fn ;dfrf/ n]Vg] wDsL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
-;fOk|; df]l6e]6Go'h lbP/ ANofsd]lnª k]; ePsf] hjfkm
sn]h_ ul//x]sf / æOe]G6Æ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k|fof]hgsf] gfddf @ u/fO s'g} k|ltls|of eP
nfv %) xhf/ dfu k]; ug{ kqfrf/ ePsf]df
u/]sf] egL @)*) k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
;fpg !! ut] ph'/L kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
#* gj/fh vqL xf]n]/Lva/ 86sd btf{ g} gu/L btf{÷;"rLs/0f u/L
u}/sfg'gL¿kdf Go'h ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug{
kf]6{n vf]nL km];a's lgb]{zg lbFb} cfufdL
k]h agfO pSt lbgdf o:t} ls|ofsnfk
k]hdf afnaflnsfsf] k'g/fj[lQ ePdf k|rlnt
k|of]u u/]sf], afn>d sfg'g÷cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
u/fPsf h:tf unt / u/fOPkZrft\ btf{ ;DkGg
e|fds ;dfrf/ agfO ePkl5 dfq lgoldt
kmf]6f];lxt ;Dk|]if0f ;~rfngdf Nofpg]
u/]sf] egL ldlt @)*) k|lta4tf;lxt k]; ePsf]
;fpg @( ut] ph'/L ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k/]sf] u/fO @)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

73
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

#( /fli6«o lxdfno b}lgs /f;;n] pTkfbg u/]sf] ;DalGwt ;~rf/
;dfrf/ 86sd, km]o/ ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L ljleGg dfWodnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f
;ldlt g]kfn 86sd, ldl8ofn] u|fxs gagL ;f]lwPsf]df Ifdfofrgf ub}{
d]3fva/ x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf] k|lta4tf;lxt k]; ePsf]
cgnfOg ;~rf/ egL @)*) ;fpg @! hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
dfWod ut] ph'/L k/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] ljifo
@)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
$) 8]KyGo'h 86sd lahLPkmPd …dfN6f 7uL k|s/0fdf btf{÷;"rLs/0f u/L ;fdu|L
-depthnews. 86cf]cf/hL pkd]o/ cf/f]k k'li6 ;Dk|]if0f ug{ lgb]{zg lbFb}
com) ePg, kLl8tsf] ph'/L o:tf] ls|ofsnfk k'g/fj[lQ
/ k|x/Lsf] d'2fdf lgbf]{if ePdf cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
7x/Ú zLif{sdf e|dk"0f{ sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] u/fOPsf]n] @)*) kmfu'g (
egL @)*) ;fpg !% ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
$! zDe' yfkf kf7zfnfGo'h btf{ g} gePsf] btf{÷;"rLs/0f u/L
86sd cgnfOgn] unt ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug{
JofVof ub}{ lgb]{zg lbFb} o:tf] ls|ofsnfk
;dfrf/lj?4 6\ofsn k'g/fj[lQ ePdf k|rlnt
u/]/ cfˆgf] arfp sfg'g÷cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
u/]sf] / >dhLjL sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
kqsf/ ;fyLx¿sf] u/fOkrft\ To:tf] ;fdu|Lsf]
abgfd u/fO/x]sf] egL k'g/fj[lQ ePsf] gb]lvPsf]
@)*) ;fpg !* ut] ljifodf @)*) r}t (
ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
$@ ;fDa/fh /fhwfgL b}lgs …sfg'gtkm{sf tLg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
cof{n s0f{]nsf] dgk/LÚ zLif{sdf k]; ePsf] hjfkm
cfd hgdfg;df ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
lbUe|ldt kfg{] p2]Zon] u/fOPsf]df yk k|ltls|of
;+:yfsf] gfd;d]t hf]8L k|fKt gePkl5 @)*)
skf]nslNkt ;dfrf/
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
@)*) ;fpg ( ut] km5\of}{6
ph'/L k/]sf]

74
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

$# an/fd alHhsf~rnva/ …gjnk'/sf an/fd ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
9sfn 86sd 9sfnaf6 /f}tx6sf k]; ePsf] hjfkm
ds} ls;fg nfvf}F ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
7luP, 9sfnaf6 ;of}F u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ls;fg kLl8tÚ zLif{sdf gcfPkl5 @)*) k'; %
e|fds ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
u/]sf] egL @)*)
;fpg @% ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
$$ efg' /]UdL ;]tf]v/Lkf]i6 …efUb} afFs]sf ;xsf/LM
btf{÷;"rLs/0f gb]lvPsf]n]
86sd u'Db} gful/ssf] /sdÚcljnDa btf{ ;"rLs/0f
zLif{sdf lagfbtf{ ug{ cGoyf k|rlnt
;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] sfg'g÷cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
egL @)*) ;fpg !% sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ k'gM ;r]t
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] u/fOPsf]n] @)*) kmfu'g (
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
$% t]h af]x/f ;]tf]kf6L 86sd …u' h:tf] b]zÚ eGg] uNtL ;Rrfpg] tTk/tf
zLif{sdf /fi6«dfly b]vfO zLif{s ;RofPsf]] x'Fbf
lgr zAb k|of]u u/L cfufdL lbgdf ;hutf
e2f dhfs u/]sf] egL ckgfpg Wofgfsif{0f u/fO
@)*) ;fpg @* ut] kqrf/ eO @)*) k'; %
ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
$^ :j/fh g]kfnva/ 86sd …^) lsnf] ;'g ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
kf]v/]n k|s/0fdf bfjfsf] aofgM ;Dk|]if0f u/L lnª\s;lxt
:j/fh / k|tLs;Fu k]; ePsf] v08g
Jofkfl/s ;fem]bf/L ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
lyof]Ú zLif{sdf em'7f / u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
skf]nslNkt ;dfrf/ gcfPkl5 @)*) k'; %
k|sflzt u/L rl/qxTof ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
u/]sf] egL @)*) ebf}
! ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

75
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

$& gful/s cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 …l;ld|s x]lnsK6/dfly ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 hjfkm
p8\8og b}lgs k|flws/0fsf] ablgotÚ k]; hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
k|flws/0f …ljz]if hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df yk
;DkfbsLoM …lg/ª\sz
' tfsf] k|ltls|of k|fKt gePkl5
gjg:nÚ, …k|flws/0fåf/f @)*) r}t ( ut]sf]
k|]; :jtGqtfdf 7f8f] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
x:tIf]kÚ nufot ljleGg
zLif{ssf ;dfrf/sf
ljifodf @)*) ebf} $
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
$* ;n'gf u|fp08lh/f]Go'h btf{;d]t gePsf] pSt btf{÷;"rLs/0f u/L
e08f/L 86g]6 cgnfOg / ;fdflhs ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug{
;~hfn km];a's tyf lgb]{zg;lxt ;r]t
o'6\o'adf rl/qxTof u/fOPkZrft\ ;fdflhs
ug]{ cfzon] ljleGg ;~hfnaf6 ;fdu|L x6fPsf],
;dfrf/x¿, tl:a/x¿ lagfbtf{ ;~rfng x'Fbf
sf65fF6 u/L ;Dk|]if0f cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
u/L rl/qxTof u/]sf] sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ k'gM ;r]t
egL @)*) ebf} !) u/fOPsfn] ldlt @)*)
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] kmfu'g ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}{6
$( nId0f uf}td hLl8kL g]kfn …ko{6g af]8{sf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
86sd lgb]{zssf] ;Dk|]if0f u/L] k]; ePsf]
gSsnL k|df0fkq, hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
clVtof/sf] kq af]8{n] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
n'sfof]Ú zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
tYoxLg, unt / e|fds k'; % ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;dfrf/ k6s–k6s km5\of{}6
k|sfzg u/L dfgl;s
oftgf lbg'sf ;fy}
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL
@)*) ebf} !) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

76
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

%) ljho :df/s uf]/vfkq 86sd, PskIfLo Pj+ k"jf{u|x ;~rf/ dfWodx¿af6
dfWolds ;fF3'Go'h 86sd, /fvL ljBfnosf] v08g ;Dk|]if0f u/L
ljBfno yfxfva/ 86sd, ul/dfdf cfFr k'Ug] v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
Ol8o'va/ 86sd ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
@)*! ebf} !! ut] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
ph'/L k/]sf] r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of{}6
%! ledsfGt l;wfs'/f 86sd æ;'g t:s/Ldf …ljw ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
e08f/L NofaÚ sf dflns hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ledsfGt e08f/LÆ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
zLif{sdf unt cy{ k|ltls|of k]; gePkl5
nufO, rl/qxTof @)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
ug]{ dg;fon] ;+nUg lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
g} gePsf] sfo{df
;+nUgtf /x]sf] eGb}
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) ebf} !!
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
%@ 8f=9fsf hgcf:yf 86sd …9fsfs'df/nfO{ dfggLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
s'df/ >]i7 agfpFbf # s/f]8 <Ú k]; ePsf] hjfkm
zLif{sdf ckdflgt ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
ug]{ u/L ;fdu|L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL gcfPkl5 @)*) k'; %
@)*) ebf} !# ut] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
%# k|HHjn sdnfdfOva/ …;fj{hlgs hldg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
9'+ufgf 86sd x8Kg hgk|ltlglw sdLsdhf]/L ePsf]
b]lv :yfgLo;Dd k|lt cfTdfnf]rgf ub}{
;ls|o, k|wfgfWofks Ifdfofrgf;lxt lj1lKt
df}gÚ zLif{sdf agfj6L ;d]t hf/L u/]sf] egL
;dfrf/ agfO k]; ePsf] hjfkm
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
@)*) ebf} @^ ut] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ph'/L k/]sf] gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6

77
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

%$ af}4 £ofª tfhfva/ 86sd …af}4 £ofª u'7Lsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
u'7L k'hf/L e"kltah|sf] ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]]
a|Dxn'6Ú zLif{sdf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
cfwf/xLg, tYoxLg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
tyf e|fds ;dfrf/af6 k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
ckmjfx km}nfpg] sfo{ k'; % ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
u/]sf] egL @)*) ebf} km5\of{}6
!& ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
%% ;l~htf kqsf/ hgs ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ;fdflhs ;b\efj vnn
wdnf rflDnªn] k|of]u u/L ufO{ uf]? kfg]{, ;fDk|bflos lx+;f
sf6]/ vfg'k5{ eGg] km}nfpg] lsl;dsf ;fdu|L
h:tf ;fDk|bflostf ;Dk|]if0fdf ;hutf
e8\sfpg] lsl;dsf] ckgfpg ;DalGwt
;fdu|L kf]i6 u/]sf] egL kqsf/nfO{
@)*) ebf} !@ ut] ;r]t u/fpFb} To:tf ;fdu|L
ph'/L k/]sf] ;Dk|]if0f gug]{÷gu/fpg]tkm{
lj1lKtdfkm{t ;/f]sf/jfnf
kIfnfO{ cfXjfg ul/Psf]
x'Fbf @)*) df3 & ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
%^ cGgk"0f{ g]kfn gful/s cGgk"0f{ ldl8ofsf ldlt @)*).)%.)%
ldl8of p8\og k|flws/0f cWoIf;d]t /x]sf ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ k|];
g]6js{ >L /fd]Zj/ yfkfnfO{ tyf cleJolSt :jtGqtf,
:ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL k"0f{ ;DkfbsLo :jtGqtfsf]
k|]; :jtGqtf Pj+ ;Ddfg / kfngf
ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] ug]{÷u/fpg] ;DaGwL
:jtGqtf;DaGwL cfjZos sf/afxLsf
df}lns xs wf/f !& nflu ;+:s[lt, ko{6g
-@_ -s_ sf] 7f8f] tyf gful/s p8\8og
pNnª\3g ePsf] egL dGqfnonfO{ cg'/f]w u/L
@)*) ebf} $ ut] kqfrf/ ul/Psf]] x'Fbf
ph'/L k/]sf] @)*) df3 & ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

78
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

%& cd/l;+x bfr'{nfva/ …z}Nolzv/sf k"j{ Ifdfofrgf;lxt ;dfrf/
wfdL 86sd d]o/sf] ;d"xåf/f uf}/f x6fO k|]; sfplG;ndf
x]g{ uPsf o'jf dfly ;"rLs/0fsf nflu
cfs|d0fÚ zLif{sdf cfjZos k|ls|ofdf /x]sf]
/fv]/ d]/f] s'g} klg egL k]; ePsf] hjfkm
;+nUgtf g/x]sf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
36gfdf /fhgLlts u/fOPsf]df …;dfrf/
k"jf{u|x /fv]/ d]/f] x6fOPsf]Ú k|ltls|of k|fKt
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL ePsfn] @)*) kmfu'g (
@)*) ebf} @$ ut] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
%* gjn /fO{ ;'Gb/x/}rf 86sd ;TotYo s'/f btf{÷;"rLs/0f u/L
ga'lemsg cfkm"nfO{ ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug{
bf]ifL 7x¥ofO lel8of] lgb]{zg lbFb} o:tf]
agfO dfgxfgL x'g] u/L ls|ofsnfk k'g/fj[lQ eP
;fdflhs ;~hfndf cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd sf/afxL
/flvPsf] @)*) ebf} x'g]tkm{ ;r]t u/fOPkZrft\
@$ ut] ph'/L k/]sf] To:tf] ;fdu|Lsf] k'g/fj[lQ
ePsf] gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf @)*)
kmfu'g ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of{}6
%( eujtL tftf]s'/f kmf]6f];d]t /fvL ljleGg ;fdu|L x6fPsf]
cfrfo{ 86sd -o'6\o'a cf/f]k nufO dfgl;s kfOPsfn] @)*) df3 &
Rofgn;d]t_ tgfj lbPsf], rl/qxTof ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cfufdL
x'g] u/L ;fdflhs lbgdf ;fdu|L x6fpFbf
;~hfndf lel8of]x¿ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] Joj:yf
cknf]8÷;]o/ u/]sf] kfngf ug]{÷u/fpg]tkm{
egL @)*) ebf} @$ ;r]t u/fO km5\of{{}6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

79
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

^) uf]N8]g x;{ lkmNdLkm08f …dfgj t:s/Ldf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
lkmNd k|f=ln= 86sd snfsdL{, dlxg} lkR5] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
Sofg8f / cGo b]zdf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
cjf8{, :6f/ Do'lhs u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
lel8of cjf8{df uPsf gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
Sofg8fdf cnkqÚ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
zLif{ssf] ;dfrf/ dfWodnfO{ cfufdL lbgdf
cfwf/xLg, e|fds Pj+ ;hutf ckgfpg]tkm{
skf]nslNkt /x]sf] egL Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} km5\of{}6
@)*) ebf} !& ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
^! lji0f' vgfn lgdf{0fkf6L …lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k7fPsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 pSt
86sd lan klg cfof] t/ gfd tTsfn} x6fpg]
;fdfg cfPg==o;/L hfgsf/L ;lxt x6fPsf]
7luFb}5g lgdf{0f o;af/] ph'/Lstf{nfO{
Joj;foLÚ zLif{sdf kmf]gdfkm{t hfgsf/L
36gf;Fu c;DalGwt u/fOPsf]df ph'/Lstf{n]
d]/f] gfd pNn]v u/L lrQ a'em]sf] egL k|ltls|of
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] lbPsf] x'Fbf @)*) df3 &
egL @)*) ebf} ! ut] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
^@ /fds'df/ k|fOd6fOD; Pr8L …afg]Zj/df oL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
s];L -j8f e"dflkmofn] vfP k|;f/0f u/L k]; ePsf]
cWoIf, ;o /f]kgL hUuf, hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
sf=d=kf !)_ vf]nf cf]u6]/ ag]sf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
3/ lsg rn]g 8f]h/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
M j8f cWoIf ;+/IfsÚ kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
zLif{sdf tYoxLg, lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
skf]nslNkt / em"7f
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) ebf} @$
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

80
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

^# s'df/ uf]/vfkqcgnfOg …/fhgLlts cf8df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
af:tf]nf 86sd ld6/Aofh, cg'lrt hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
n]gb]gdf a}+ssf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
xflsdÚ zLif{sdf lagf k|ltls|of k]; gePkl5
cfwf/÷k|df0f gfd / @)*) df3 & ut]sf]
kmf]6f] /fvL rl/qxTof lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ug{] dg;fon] ;dfrf/
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) ebf} @$ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
^$ kfj{tL uf]/vfkqcgnfOg …/fhgLlts cf8df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
cfrfo{ 86sd ld6/Aofh, cg'lrt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
n]gb]gdf a}+ssf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
xflsdÚ zLif{sdf lagf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cfwf/÷k|df0f gfd / gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
kmf]6f] /fvL rl/qxTof ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ug{] lgof]lht dg;fon]
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) ebf} @@
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
^% lbks uf}td uf]/vfkqcgnfOg …/fhgLlts cf8df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
86sd ld6/Aofh, cg'lrt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
n]gb]gdf a}+ssf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
xflsdÚ zLif{sdf lagf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cfwf/÷k|df0f gfd / gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
kmf]6f] /fvL rl/qxTof ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ug{] lgof]lht dg;fon]
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) ebf} @@
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

81
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

^^ af;'b]j j:tL Six Word Story sn]h / lzIff h:tf] km];a's k]hx¿ ldl8of;Fu
(ISMT /Ed Chitwan ;+j]bgzLn ljifodf ;DalGwt eO sfplG;ndf
College) Facebook page hgdfg;df e|d kg{] ;"rLs[t ePsf] gb]lvPsf]
vfnsf] ls|ofsnfk x'Fbf To:tf ;fdflhs
u/]sf] h;af6 ljBfy{L{
;~hfnaf6 ;Dk|]lift Pj+
tyf cleefjsdf ;]o/ ePsf ;fdu|Lpk/
gsf/fTds k|efj kg{ cGo sfg'g cfslif{t x'g]
uPsf] egL @)*) ebf} x'Fbf ;f]xL a]xf]/f v'nfO{
@$ df ph'/L k/]sf] @)*) c;f]h @ ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ ph'/Lstf{nfO{
hfgsf/L km5\of}{6
^& aNne g]kfn lbof] kf]i6 86sd …k|wfgdGqLsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
k]|; ;Nnfxsf/sf] k|sfzg u/L k]; ePsf]
ld6/Aofh cftª\sÚ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
zLif{sdf skf]nslNkt hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
e|fds ;dfrf/ ;Dk]|if0f k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
u/]sf] egL @)*) ebf} kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
!@ ut] ph'/L k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
^* lnnf yg]t uf]/vfkqcgnfOg …/fhgLlts cf8df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
86sd ld6/Aofh, cg'lrt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
n]gb]gdf a}ª\ssf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
xflsdÚ zLif{sdf lagf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cfwf/÷k|df0f gfd / gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
kmf]6f] /fvL rl/qxTof ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ug{] u/L ;dfrf/
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) ebf} @! ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
^( 3gZofd ;fF3'Go'h 86sd …j}tlgs jlsnsf] cj}B ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
pkfWofo wGbf kLl8taf6} nfvf} ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
/sd c;'nÚ zLif{sdf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
tYoxLg JolStut hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
k|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
lsl;dn] ;dfrf/ df3 & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf] km5\of{}6
egL @)*) ebf} @^ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

82
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

&) od'gf /fO{ :6f/cgnfOg klt–kTgLlarsf] Rofgnaf6 pSt ;fdu|L
l6eL o'6\o'a kl/jf/sf] lgtfGt x6fO k]; ePsf] hjfkm
Rofgn JolQmut / cfGtl/s ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
emu8fnfO{ b'O{ kIfsf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cg'dltlagf Pstkm{L{ gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
s'/f ;'g]/ ;fdflhs ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
;~hfndf 3/sf]
kl/jf/lar km'6 Nofpg]
l:ylt l;h{gf ug{]
u/]sf] egL @)*) ebf}
! ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
&! ;~hLj emf ;u/dfyf l6eL …l8l8l;sf] st'{t, ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
dxfk|aGws emfsf] k]; ePsf] :ki6Ls/0f
cf8df a|f~r Dofg]h/n] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
wDsfP s[ifsÚ zLif{sdf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;+:yf / JolStsf] gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
dfgk|lti7f Pj+ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
OHhtdf cfFr cfpg]
;fdu|L k|;f/0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) ;fpg #@
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
&@ uh]Gb| dxh{g nlntva/ 86sd …uf]bfj/Lsf d]o/ uh]Gb| / ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
-uf]bfj/L pkd]o/ d'gfnufotlj?4 k]; ePsf] hjfkm
g=kf_ clVtof/df ;fj{hlgs ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
hUuf ldr]/ Knl6ªsf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cg'dlt lbPsf] eGb} gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
ph'/LÚ zLif{sdf ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lpk/
@)*) ebf} @@ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
&# /f]zg v8\sf l/kf]6{;{ g]kfn …bf]nvfdf lgdf{0f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
86sd ;fdu|L p7fpg] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
jftfj/0f agfpg ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
dfcf]jfbL g]tfsf] bafaÚ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
zLif{sdf c;DalGwt gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
ljifodf ;dfrf/ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) ebf} @& ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

83
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

&$ ;'dgs'df/ ;Toklqsf 86sd …;b\efj OG6/g];gn ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
>]i7 Ph's]zgsf ;~rfns ;Dk|]if0f u/L ;f];lxt
;'dgs'df/ >]i7lj?4 k]; ePsf] hjfkm
ph'/LÚ zLif{sdf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
skf]nslNkt / u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
JolQmut dfgdb{g gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
x'g]u/L lgotj;
PstkmL{¿kdf ;dfrf/ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] @)*)
ebf} @& ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
&% /fli6«o dlxnf /fhwfgLk|]; …kL8ssf] kIfdf dlxnf @)*) r}t (
cfof]u 86sd cfof]u, em'Sof] dlxnfsf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
lz/Ú zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift dfWodnfO{ ;r]t u/fOPsf]
;fdu|Lpk/ @)*) ebf} x'Fbf @)*! c;f/ #!
% ut] ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
&^ dlxnf sfdgf dfl;s dlxnfsf] 5lj jif{ -@)*)_ k|sflzt
cfof]u wldNofpg], cl:dtf / sfdgf ufO{hfqf
k|lti7fdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] laz]if cªssf] gePsf]
-af]wfy{kq÷ sf6'{g k|sflzt u/]sf] egL hjfkm k]; ePsf]
sfof{y{kq_ egL] ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf ljifodf @)*) sflQs @#
k|ljlw dGqfnodf k]; ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ dlxnf
ePsf] ph'/sf] af]wfy{
kq @)*) ebf} % ut] cfof]unfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO
btf{ ePsf] tfd]nL

&& /fli6«o lrtjgk|];, u|fxs gagL ;ldltn] ;a} ldl8ofaf6 Ifdfofrgf

;dfrf/ n'lDagLGo'h, pTkfbg u/]sf ;fdu|L Pj+ cfufdL lbgdf To:tf]
;ldlt xftdf va/, x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf] sfo{ gug]{ k|lta4tf;lxt
u08sL 6fOD;, egL @)*) ebf} @( hjfkm k]; ePsf] x'Fbf
xnf]va/, s[lifklqsf, ut] ph'/L k/]sf] @)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
/fd|f] cgnfOg, lg0f{ofg';f/ ;r]t u/fO
Go'h ckm g]kfn,
t'N;Lk'/ cgnfOg, km5\of}{6
6sg]kfn, g]Kn]h,
cgnfOg

84
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

&* lty{axfb'/ g]kfn …dnåf/sf]…;'gÚn]k|bz
] dGqL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
nfdf ;dfrf/kq ;ª\s6dfÚ,…dnåf/df ;Dk|]if0f u/L ;f]sf] lnª\
b}lgs, Go'hckm n'sfO NofPsf] …;'gÚn] s;lxt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
g]kfn 86sd, sfe|] sfª\u|];df ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
g]kfnk|]; 86sd v}nfa}nfÚ / …dnåf/df u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
n'sfP/ ;'g t:s/L gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
ug]{ lu/f]xdf dGqL tLy{ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
nfdf g} hf]l8P, kf]n
v'n]kl5 t?0f bnsf
g]tf km/f/Ú zLif{sdf
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lpk/
@)*) ebf} #! ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
&( /fhg kf}8]n Plkva/ 86sd …hLtk'/ cgnfOgnfO{ lbPsf]
l;d/fdf u}/sfg'gL cGt/jftf{sf] lel8of] lnª\s
¿kdf sd{rf/L egf{ ;d]t /fvL k]; ePsf]
ub}{ d]o/ kf}8]nÚ :ki6Ls/0f;lxtsf] hjfkm
zLif{sdf skf]nslNkt, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
e|fds, clt/l~ht u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
tyf tYoxLg tj/af6 gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/L ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL
@)*) ebf} @$ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
*) /fli6«o OGb|]0fL, u|fxs gagL ;ldltn] ;a} ldl8ofaf6 Ifdfofrgf
;dfrf/ v'nfg]kfn,g]kfnd~r, pTkfbg u/]sf ;fdu|L Pj+ cfufdL lbgdf To:tf]
;ldlt cgnfOgs]Gb|, x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf] sfo{ gug]{ k|lta4tf;lxt
PSSn'l;e,lrtjgcfh, egL @)*) c;f]h !^ hjfkm k]; ePsf] x'Fbf
cf?;Lva/, ut] ph'/L k/]sf] @)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
g]kfn:6f6;, lg0f{ofg';f/ ;r]t u/fO
lhl8g]kfn, km5\of}{6
dfOg]kfnl6eL
/ 9f]/kf6gGo'h
86sd

85
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

*! k"0f{axfb'/ cleofgva/ …dsfpdf kf;kf]6{ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
u'?ª 86sd agfOlbg] eGb} 7uLÚ ;Dk|]if0f u/L ;f]sf] lnª\
zLif{sdf x'Fb} gePsf] s;lxt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
s'/f ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
egL @)*) c;f]h @@ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
*@ s[i0fdfg cgnfOgkfgf …sfg'g ;dfhsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 o;cl3
k|wfg 86sd sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs g} v08g ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
s[i0fdfg k|wfgdfly egL k]; ePsf] hjfkm
of}g zf]if0f cf/f]k ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
-cl8of];lxt_Ú zLif{sdf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
egL @)*) c;f]h * ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
*# 8f= lg/h /fd|f]Go'h 86sd …:jf:Yo pks/0f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
cof{n vl/bdf ;]l6ªsf] uGw, ;Dk|]if0f u/L ;f];lxt
^ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
6]G8/ dfkb08df o:tf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
rnv]nÚzLif{sdf u/fOPsf] ljifo k|ltls|of
tYoxLg / e|fds gcfPkl5 @)*! h]7 !$
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
egL @)*) c;f]h @% / @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
ph'/L k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
*$ ;'wf rf}w/L /ftf]kf6L 86sd, ljleGg zLif{sdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
l/kf]6{g]kfn 86sd, em'7f] ljj/0f k]; ePsf] hjfkm
sGsfOva/ /fvL ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
86sd, ;Dk|]if0f u/L JolStut u/fOPsf]df hjfkm k|fKt
k|ltlbg8]ln cfTd;Ddfgdf rf]6 gePkl5 @)*) df3 &
86sd, Pl/gfl6eL k'¥ofPsf] egL @)*) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
86sd c;f]h @ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]

86
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

*% kfj{tL cof{n, g]kfnkm]; 86sd skf]nslNkt / e|fds ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 pSt
;x;lrj, ;dfrf/n] cfˆgf] ;fdu|L x6fO;s]sf]
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / egL hjfkm k]; ePsf]
k];fk|ltsf] Odfg, ljifodf @)*) r}t (
lgi7f / nufjdf ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;r]t
Iflt k'uL ;fj{hlgs u/fOPsf] / @)*! c;f/
hLjgaf6 ;Gof; #! ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
lng];Ddsf]dgf]j[ltdf km5\of}{6
k'¥ofPsf] egL @)*)
c;f]h @@ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
*^ 5sLdfof /fO{ Pe/]i6 l6=eL cfˆgf] kmf]6f] k|of]u u/L ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;Dk|]lift
em'7f ljj/0f pNn]v v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
u/L ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
k|;f/0f u/]sf] egL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
@)*) c;f]h !) k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
ph'/L k/]sf] df3 & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of{}6
*& b]]j]Gb| yfkf ;j{Hof]lt 86sd …sld;g 8'Ag] 8/n] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
lgMz'Ns kfOg] ;Dk|]if0f u/L v08gsf] lnª\
:jf:Yo ;fdu|L lng s;lxt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
bdf}nL c:ktfnsf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
cWoIfåf/f c:jLsf/ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
u/]sf] cfzª\sf ÛÚ / gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 &
…bdf}nL c:ktfnsf ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
cWoIf b]j]Gb|
yfkfn] g}ltstfsf]
cfwf/df /fhLgfdf
lbg] slxn] <Ú zLif{sdf
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) c;f]h @@
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

87
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

** e"ldsf >]i7 klxrfg 86sd cGo klxrfgdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
gful/stf / ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] ljifo
kf;kf]6{ lnPsL, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
bftfs} ;xof]udf u/fOPsf]df …v08g
zNols|of u/]/ dlxnf lrQ a'‰bf] ePsf]n] yk
ag]sL, cGosf] s]xL ul//xg'gkg]{Ú eGg]
gful/stf / kf;kf]6{ k|ltls|of cfPkl5 @)*)
lnFbf o'Pgl8kLsf] df3 & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;xof]u lnP/ a}ªs \ s km5\of{}6
6'/ u/]sL, zNols|of
u/]kl5 cd]l/sf ;km/
egL lg/fwf/ / em'6f]
;dfrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) c;f]h !%
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
*( hfg'sf cgnfOgg]kfn …;x/L ljsf;sf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
9sfn 86sd ;lrjdf k]6«f]n kDk ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
7uLdf d'l5Psf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/fdcfwf/nfO{ Nofpg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
rnv]nÚ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
skf]nslNkt, cfwf/xLg kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
/ rl/qxTof ug]{ u/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
e|fds ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL @)*)
c;f]h !$ ph'/L k/]sf]
() g]kfn kqsf/ xn];Lkf6L 86sd lst]{ d'2fcGtu{t lhNnf @)*) c;f]h !^ ut]sf]
dxf;ª\3, (halesipati.com_ cbfnt vf]6fªaf6 lg0f{ofg';f/ g]kfnleq v'Ng
vf]6fª bf]ifL 7x/ ul/Pklg k|]; g;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfpg
sfplG;n g]kfnaf6 g]kfn b"/;~rf/
ul/g] k|ls|of cufl8 k|flws/0fnfO{ k'gM
kqfrf/ ul/Psf] / k|];
ga9]sf] egL @)*) k|ltlglw k|df0fkq lnPsf]
c;f]h !$ ut] ph'/L eP lgnDag ug]{ tyf
k/]sf] cfufdL lbgdf pknAw
gu/fpg];lxt sf/afxLsf]
nflu ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f
ljefudf n]vL k7fOPsfn]
@)*)÷)(÷)$ ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6

88
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

(! laug/fo dw]z6k 86sd …cjsfzsf] d'vdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
ofbj lk6fOÚ zLif{sdf ;Dk|]if0f k]; ePsf] hjfkm
dfg, dof{bf, OHht ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
/ rl/qxTof ug]{ u/L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
em'7f ljj/0f /fvL gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
egL @)*) c;f]h !&
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
(@ Zofdlszf]/ z'ecf/De b}lgs …lgldQ OsfO k|d'v ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
k|;fb -lzIff Zofdlszf]/ k|;fbn] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
ljsf; tyf e|i6frf/ n'sfpg ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;dGjo 9fs5f]k ub}{Ú zLif{sdf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
OsfO, af/f_ ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
;fdu|Lpk/ @)*) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
c;f]h @^ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
(# an/fd kl/jt{g ldl8of kl/jf/sf] kmf]6f] Rofgnaf6 tl:a/ x6fO
k'nfdL du/ -o'6\o'aRofgn_ :jLs[ltlagf hfgsf/L u/fPsf] ljifo
cfFvfsf] efu 5f]kL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
o'6\o'adf /fvL ;fdu|L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
k|;f/0f u/]sf] egL gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g (
@)*)÷)^÷@% ut] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
($ ;ToGb| kf08] ljsf;Go'h agfj6L JolStut ph'/Lsf] k|ls|ofsf] af/]df
86sd sxfgL / kmhL{ sfuh ph'/Lstf{;Fu ;Dks{ ubf{
tof/ kf/]sf] em'7f] ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;dfrf/
cf/f]k nufO ;TotYo x6fO;s]sf]n] yk sf/afxL
n'sfO unt dg;fon] k|ls|of cufl8 ga9fpg
k|]l/t eO ;dfrf/ egL cg'/f]w ePsf]
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ;DaGwdf @)*) df3 &
@)*) c;f]h @^ ut] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]

89
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

(% kjL 3lt{gL ;f/ª\uLGo'h JolStut l/;OaL ;fFw]/ $ jif{ klxnf k|sfzg
86sd em'7f ;dfrf/ agfO ePsf] b]lvPsf], pSt
rl/qxTof x'g] u/L ;fO6 ;~rfngdf /x]sf]
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] yk k|ls|of
egL @)*) c;f]h @% cufl8 a9fpg g;lsg]
df ph'/L k/]sf] a]xf]/f ph'/Lstf{nfO{
hfgsf/L u/fO @)*)
sflQs @# ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
(^ k[yljGb' g]kfncfh 86sd …jlsnnfO{ emlD6g ;'rLs/0faf6 x6fO
dxh{g uPsL cfuf]h:tL sfnf];"rLdf /flvPsf]
;'Gb/L 7d]naf6 ks|fpÚ ;~rf/ dfWodn] k'gM
zLif{sdf lagftYo ;"rLs/0fsf nflu lgj]bg
e|dk"0f{ ;dfrf/ k]; u/]sf] cj:yfdf ph'/L
;Dk|]if0f u/L dfgdof{bf cfPsf] x'Fbf pSt ljjflbt
/ OHhtdf cfFr cfpg] ;fdu|L x6fO, e'n;'wf/
u/L ckmjfx km}nfpg] Pj+ k|lta4tf;lxt cfP
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ;"rLs/0f k|ls|of cufl8
egL @)*) c;f]h !* a9fpg ;lsg] hfgsf/L
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] u/fO;lsPsf] x'Fbf
@)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
(& clVtof/af6 lxdfnkf/Lsf] …gSsnL z}lIfs k|sfzsn] sfhhft;lxt
k|fKt kq cfjfh ;fKtflxs k|df0fkq tyf cg'ejsf] hjfkm k]; u/]sf] / ;"rgf
-ph'/L_ k|df0fkq k]; u/L k|]; tyf k|;f/0f ljefuaf6 ;d]t
sfplG;naf6 ;'ljwf k|fKt sfuhft cg'udg ubf{
lnPsf]Ú eGg] ;d]t …gSsnL z}lIfs k|df0fkq
Joxf]/fdf k/]sf] ph'/Lsf tyf cg'ejsf] k|df0fkq
cfwf/df c=b'=c=cf= k]; u/L k|; ] sfplG;naf6
af6 cfjZos ;'ljwf lnPsf]Ú eGg] ph'/Lsf]
sf/afxLsf nflu cf/f]k k'li6 x'g] gb]lvPsf],
@)*) c;f]h !^ ut] o; ljifodf sxLFst}af6
k|fKt kq hfgsf/L dfu eO cfPdf
hfgsf/L u/fpg] u/L @)*)
r}t @% sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}6{

90
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

(* df]lt/fd k|fOd6fOD; …dGqL tLy{ nfdfsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
ltldlN;gf Pr8L l6eL, s;dM ;'g t:s/Ldf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
kl/jt{gldl8of bf]ifL eP /Tgkfs{df hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
86sd em'l08G5', ck/fwLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
5f]8\lbg .Ú zLif{sdf k|ltls|of k]; gePkl5
tYoxLg cf/f]k;lxt @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
d]/f] dfgdb{g x'g] u/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
cleJolQm lbPsf],
;dfrf/ n]v]s} cfwf/df
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL
@)*) c;f]h !) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
(( cd[tf hf]zL em/gfva/ …C0f ltg{ g;Sbf ;fx'n] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
Pr=8L= hUuf nfg] 8/df dG;'/, k]; ePsf] hjfkm
k};f p7fP/ 8fOd08 ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
Dofgkfj/sL cd[tf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
hf]zL km/f/Ú zLif{sdf gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
Pstkm{L{ skf]nslNkt, !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
rl/qxTof ug{] p2]Zon] km5\of{}6
lel8of] ;fdu|L k|;fl/t
u/]sf] egL @)*)
c;f]h #) ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!)) ;fOa/ Ao'/f], OGb|]0fL va/ ls|lZrog wd{nfO{ @)*) r}t @%
g]kfn k|x/L 86sd s';+:sf/ ljwd{ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ck/fwsf] af6f]df wfld{s÷;f+:s[lts
nufPsf] cf/f]k nufO ;lxi0f'tfdf vnn k'Ug]]
;Dk|]lift u/]sf] egL ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f gug{
@)*) sflQs ! ut] lgb]{zg lbFb} cfufdL lbgdf
ph'/L lgj]bg k/]sf] ;hutf ckgfpg]tkm{
;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6

91
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!)! 6f]k]Gb| vgfn lznfkq 86sd, …nf]e df]x TofUg ;~rf/ dfWodx¿af6
cGgk"0f{ 6fOD;, l;sfpg] …klysÚdfly ljleGg ldltdf v08g
cy{;+jfb 86sd clgoldtftfsf] ;Dk|]if0f u/L ;f];lxt
cf/f]k, cbfntn] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
pN6fOlbof] lg0f{oÚ, …klys ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k|f1 lguddf cWoIf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
6+sgfysf] /huem, ljz]if gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
;fwf/0f;ef g} …cj}wÚÚ !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
/ …klys k|f1 lgudsf] km5\of{}6
ljjfb cbfntdf, cWoIf
6+sgfyn] u/fPsf]
;fwf/0f;ef u}/sfg'gL
7x/Ú zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift
;fdu|Lsf ;DaGwdf
@)*) sflQs @ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!)@ a'l4k|;fb e§ b}lgs g]kfn …sfFu|]; ;f+;bn] ‰ofksf] sfplG;nsf] lgb]{zfg';f/
86sd, x]Nnf] tfndf Clif wdnfnfO{ x6fOPsf] eGb} ljleGg
l6eL, l;l6hG; cGtjf{tf{ lbPkl5== ldltdf hjfkm k]; ePsf]
Pr8L l6eL -lel8of];lxt_Ú, …hgtfhfGg hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
rfxG5g sfo{s|ddf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
/fh]Gb| ahufO{+ ‰ofk ePkl5 k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 ldlt
efO/n==Ú / …dlb/f ;]jg u/L @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
cGtjf{tf{ lbg k'u] sf+u|]; g]tfÚ lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lsf
;DaGwdf @)*) sflQs @
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

92
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!)# 8f= cd[t dx]Gb|gu/kf]i6 …;]tLsf 8fS6/sf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
h}zL 86sd wgu9Ld} cj}w ;+lhjgL ;Dk|]if0f u/L hfgsf/L
8]G6n ÛÚ zLif{sdf u/fPsf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{
gfd, kmf]6f] / klxn] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
sfd u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
gfd;d]t k|of]u u/L kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
dfgxfgL x'g] lsl;dn] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) sflQs !@
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!)$ /fh]zdfg k|b]z kf]6{n …jL/u~hsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
l;+x 86sd d]o/ l;+xsf] g}lts v08g ;Dk]|if0f u/L
rl/qdf p7\of] k|Zg hfgsf/L u/fPsf] ljifodf
dlxnfdf]xdf s]–s] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
u/] < o:tf] 5 u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cf/f]kÚzLif{sdf agfj6L gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] !( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
egL @)*) sflQs !$ km5\of{}6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!)% /3'gfy k'/L lbof]kf]i6 86sd …xltof/ af]Sg] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
-b l/e/ Dofgkfj/ bnfn /3' k]; ePsf] hjfkm
cf]e/l;h k'/L ljdfg:ynsf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k|f=ln=_ lecfOkL sIfdf, u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
PcfOhL e08f/L gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
g} …el/of ÛÚ / …PcfOhL !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
e08f/Ln] ljdfg:ynsf] km5\of{}6
lecfOkL sIfdf
k'¥ofPsf csf{
JolSt v'ª\vf/ x'08L
sf/f]af/LÚ zLif{sdf
dfgdb{g x'g]u/L em'7f
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) sflQs @@
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

93
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!)^ a]gfdL ph'/L k|b]z kf]6{n …k};fsf nflu k|lti7f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd bfpdf /fVg] Pgl6eL hjfkm @)*) r}t @%
O6x/LsL Ps dlxnf ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
sd{rf/Lsf] ;dfrf/ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
cfPkl5 yfldg;Sg'sf] u/fpFb} cfufdL lbgdf
56k6LÚ zLif{ssf] ;hutf ckgfpg]tkm{
;fdu|Laf/] @)*) Wofgfsif{0f u/fO km5\of}{6
sflQs @$ ut] a]gfdL
ph'/L k/]sf]
!)& vu]Gb|k|;fb cgnfOg 8anL …o"gfO6]8 ;xsf/LnfO{ j}B ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
clwsf/L 86sd dfcf]jfbLsf] r]tfjgLÚ k]; ePsf] hjfkm
/ …;jf]{Rr af/sf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k"j{cWoIf clwsf/Lsf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
o"gfO6]]8 ;xsf/Lsf] gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
wGbfdf k|ToIf ;+nUg,
x]g'{xf];\ k|df0fÚ zLif{ssf]
!) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;fdu|Lsf ljifodf km5\of{}6
@)*) sflQs @$ ut]
v08g;lxt ph'/L k/]sf]
!)* hflj/ x';]g o'y6'8]Go'h …rf]/L d'2fdf hfla/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
xnjfO 86sd x';]g xNjfO{ ;lxt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
@ hgfsf] gfddf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
ks|fp k'hL{Ú zLif{sdf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
rl/qxTof x'g] u/L, gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
dfgdof{bf OHhtnfO{ !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
w'ldn kfg]{ lsl;dn] km5\of{}6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) sflQs @$
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

94
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!)( ljsf; g]kfnkm]; 86sd j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 pSt
e§/fO{ sfof{no tfxfrn / ;fdfrf/ x6fO k]; ePsf]
To; sfof{nosf] k|d'v hjfkm ;DaGwdf @)*)
/ cGo sd{rf/Lx¿n] r}t ( ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/
u/]sf] e|i6frf/ tyf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;r]t
cGo clgoldttf u/fOPsf] x'Fbf @)*! c;f/
u/]sf] egL ;dfrf/ #! ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
k|sfzg u/L ;f]xL lbg km5\of}{6
cgnfOgaf6 x6fPsf]
/ sfof{nosf] k|d'v /
cGo sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu
afu]{g u/L df]6f] /sd
c;'nL u/]sf] egL
@)*) sflQs @$
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!!) cho kf7s va/g]kfnu~h cgnfOgsf] cf8df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
86sd km];a's cfO8Ldfkm{t\ ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
d]/f] rl/qxTof, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df s'g}
;fdflhs ;b\efj k|ltls|of k]; gePsf] x'Fbf
vnn kfg]{, ;fDk|bflos @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
lx+;f km}nfpg] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
lsl;dsf] ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f ub}{ cfPsf]
egL @)*) sflQs
@$ ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!!! ljj]ss'df/ gdf]cgnfOg cgnfOg / km];a's ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
d]xtf 86sd k]haf6 skf]nslNkt, k]; ePsf] hjfkm
e|fds ;dfrf/ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k|sfzg u/]/ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of k];
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL gePsf] x'Fbf @)*) r}t (
@)*) sflQs @$ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

95
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!!@ k|]d zfx /fi6«jf0fL …>LdtLsf] lgwgdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
;fKtflxs ltlysd{ ug'{kg]{df k|sfzg u/L ;f]lxt k];
>Ldfgåf/f xf]6ndf ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ef]h, bfªsf k|]d hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
zfx / g]kfn SofG;/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
xl:k6nsf 8fS6/sf] kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
z+sf:kb Jojxf/Ú lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
zLif{sdf skf]nslNkt,
e|ldt ;dfrf/
k|sflzt u/]sf] egL
@)*) dlª\;/ * ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!!# PkLjfg ofqL o'6\o'a …a|fef] 8]N6f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
Pr8L Rofgn nufotsf zf]Ú ljleGg sf/0fj; ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
6]lnlehg JolStut Enux¿ k|;f/0f x'g u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
g;s]sf]k|lt gcfPsf] / ldl8ofaf6 To;
6]lnlehgsf] ljifodf lsl;dsf] k|j[lQ bf]xf]l/Psf]
ljleGg l6sfl6Kk0fL gkfOPsf]n] @)*) r}t (
ePsf]af/] c;Gt'li6 ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
hgfpFb} @)*) dª\l;/
!! ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!!$ 8f= t/fO{ PS;k|]; æt?gLsf sf/0f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
;/f]hs'df/ b}lgs 8f= ofbjsf kl/jf/ ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ofbj tgfjdfÆ zLif{sdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
dgu9Gt] ;dfrf/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
;Dk|]if0f u/L kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
@)*) dlª\;/ !&
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!!% g]qaxfb'/ s0ff{nLcfh …kqsf/ g]kfnLåf/f ;~rf/ dfWodsf] ¿kdf
zfxL 86sd kqsf/åo zfxLsf btf{ ;"rLs/0f ePsf]
lj?4 a]OHhtL gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf pSt
d'2f btf{Ú zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift ;fdu|L x6fO
PstkmL{ ;dfrf/ lgodfg';f/ btf{÷;"rLs/0f
;Dk|]if0f u/L rl/qxTof kZrft\ dfq ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL @)*) ug{ u/fpg lgb]{zg Pj+
dlª\;/ !& ut] ph'/L ;r]t u/fOPsf] ;DaGwdf
k/]sf] @)*) kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6

96
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!!^ ;'/h >]i7 g]kfnkm]; 86sd …¿kGb]xLsf P;kLsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;Dk|]lift
cfO{hLkLnfO{ r'gf}tLM v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
/jfgf lbg'kg]{nfO{ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
OGrfh{Ú, …3'd'jfsf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;]l6ªdf ¿kGb]xLdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
Jofks t:s/L, kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
cfOhLkLsf] lgb]{zg lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
P;kLn] 6]/]gg\Ú, …;?jf
ePsf 3'd'jfnfO{
sfvL RofKb}
¿kGb]xLdf P;kLsf]
c;'nLÚ zLif{ssf]
;fdu|Laf/] @)*)
dlª\;/ !( ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!!& /0faxfb'/ ;d[l4g]kfn …ljjfbkl5 tf/f a/fn ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
rGb 86sd cGt/jftf{d} /f]Og\, ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
kL8f o;/L kf]lvg\Ú hfgsf/Lsf nflu Od]n
zLif{sdf ;Dk]|lift gePsf] / kmf]g ;Dks{ klg
;fdu|Lpk/ @)*) x'g g;s]sf] ljifodf
dlª\;/ @! ut] ph'/L @)*) kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
!!* l6sf of]uL ;d[l4 g]kfn …ljjfbkl5 tf/f a/fn ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
86sd cGt/jftf{d} /f]Og\, ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
kL8f o;/L kf]lvg\Ú hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
zLif{sdf ;Dk]|lift k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
;fdu|Lsf] ljifodf kmf'ug !^ ut]sf]
@)*) dlª\;/ @! df lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]

97
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!!( g/]Gb|s'df/ b}lgsg]kfn …Sofg8f k7fpg] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
u'Ktf 86sd, ;femfkfgf k|nf]eg b]vfO v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
86sd s/f]8f}F /sd 7u]/ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
sG;N6]G;L ;~rfns hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
km/f/Ú zLif{sdf, ;femf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
kfgf 86sdaf6 kmf'ug !^ ut]sf]
…Sofg8f k7fpg] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
k|nf]eg b]vfO
s/f]8f}F /sd 7u]/
sG;N6]G;L ;~rfns
km/f/Ú zLif{ssf]
;fdu|Lsf ljifodf
@)*) dlª\;/ @) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!@) g]kfn /fi6«jf0fL …>LdtLsf] lgwgdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
SofG;/ ;fKtflxs ltlysd{ ug'{kg]{df k|sfzg u/L k]; ePsf]
c:ktfn >Ldfgåf/f xf]6ndf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ef]h, bfªsf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
k|]d zfx / g]kfn k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
SofG;/ xl:k6nsf kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
8fS6/sf] z+sf:kb lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
Jojxf/Ú zLif{sdf
PskIfLo ;fdu|L
k|sflzt u/]sf] egL
@)*) dlª\;/ !@ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!@! k|lj0fs'df/ b}lgsg]kfn Sofg8f k7fpg] k|nf]eg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
emf 86sd, ;femfkfgf b]vfO s/f]8f}F /sd 7u]/ ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
86sd sG;N6]G;L ;~rfns hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
km/f/Ú zLif{sdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
zLif{sdf k"jf{u|xk"0f{, k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
cfwf/xLg ;dfrf/ c;f/ #! ut]sf]
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) dlª\;/ @! ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

98
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!@@ /f]zg >]i7, Go'h@$Uofn]S;L …oLg} ld6/ AofhLsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
gh/dfg 86sd bnbndf km;]/ ;Dk|]if0f k]; ePsf] hjfkm
skfnL slt cfTdxTof ug]{ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
cj:yfdf k'u]Ú zLif{sdf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
PstkmL{, e|fds, gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
skf]nslNkt / !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
cfwf/xLg ;dfrf/ km5\of}{6
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) dlª\;/ @! ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!@# g]kfn dx]Gb|gu/kf]i6 …;]tL c:ktfndf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
lrlsT;s 86sd gjhft lzz'sf] d[To', ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] a]xf]/f
;ª\3 cfdfsf] k]6df 6fsf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
gnufP/} 8fS6/ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
efu]Ú zLif{sdf ;To gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
tYo ga'emL xr'jfsf] !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
e/df dfgdb{g x'g] u/L km5\of{{}6
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) dª\l;/ @$
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!@$ lbg]zk|;fb lbof]kf]i6 86sd …l;=hL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
rf}w/L -l;hL xf8{jo/sf] k};f p7fpg k]; ePsf] hjfkm
xf8{jo/ a}bfdsf l8=P;=kL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
P08 >]i7åf/f abL{sf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;Knfo;{ b'¿kof]u sld;gsf] gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
cf/f]kÚ zLif{sdf e|dk"0f{ !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;drf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] km5\of{}6
egL @)*) dlª\;/ @&
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

99
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!@% df=hgfb{g sflGtk'/ b}lgs …e"sDk /fxtdf k"a{ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
zdf{ cy{dGqL zdf{sf] k|sfzg ul/;s]sf] egL
;+j]bgxLg /fhgLltÚ k|sflzt v08g;lxtsf]
zLif{sdf tYo / hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
oyfy{tfnfO{ tf]8d/f]8 hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
u/L ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
u/]sf] egL @)*) kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
dª\l;/ @* ut] ph'/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
k/]sf]
!@^ k|Hjn g'jfsf]6 PS;k|]; …d}gfnLn] ug'{;Dd ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
;fksf]6f 86sd u/]5g\, Pdfn] t :jfxf k]; ePsf] hjfkm
-/fli6«o kf/]5gÚ / …g'jfsf]6df ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
o'jf;ª\3 Pdfn] ;dfKt kfb}{ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
g]kfn_ d}gfnL, sfo{stf{ kf6L{ gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
5f8\b}Ú zLif{sdf ldYof !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
/ e|dk"0f{ ;dfrf/ km5\of{}6
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) dlª\;/ @* ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!@& a'6jn 6'8] Go'ha'6jn newsbutwaltoday. lgodfg';f/ btf{÷;"rLs/0f
86sd com ;Fu geO ;~rflnt
ldNbf]h'Nbf] u/L pSt j]akf]6{nnfO{
;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :ki6Ls/0f dfu
:jLs[t g} glnO www. ul/PkZrft\ k]; ePsf]
newsbutwal.com :ki6Ls/0f ph'/Lstf{nfO{
gfdaf6 cgnfOg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
klqsf ;~rfng x'Fb} k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
cfPsf] egL @)*) kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
dlª\;/ @( ut] ph'/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
k/]sf]

100
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!@* g]kfn g]kfn 6]lnlehg @)*) dª\l;/ @% ut] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
6]lnlehgsf @& k|;fl/t ;dfrf/df k]; ePsf] hjfkm
sd{rf/L÷ æ===o:t} JolStx¿sf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;~rf/sdL{ sf/0fn] 6]lnlehgsf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
:t/ v:sFb} uPsf] 5 . gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
pRr g]tf tyf kf6L{;Fu !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;DaGw ePsfn] cfufdL lbgdf ;fdu|L
Pgl6eL Joj:yfkgn] ;Dk|]if0fdf ;hutf
klg cfkm"nfO{ ckgfpg]tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f
5'g g;Sg] bfaL u/fO km5\of{}6
ug]{ ub{5g\Æ elgPsf]
ljifodf @)*) dª\l;/
@* ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!@( cGh]z lu/L ljtf{df]8emfkf clk|msf k7fOlbg] ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
86sd eGb} nfvf}F 7uL ug]{ v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
latf{df]8sf lu/L ks|fp ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
zLif{s /fvL unt u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]lift u/L gcfPsfn] ldlt @)*)
dfg / k|lti7fdf bfu r}t ( sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
nfu]sf] egL ldlt km5\of}{6
@)*) dª\l;/ @( ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!#) s[i0frGb| tftf]s'/f 86sd tftf]s'/f 86sdsf ph'/Ldf pNn]lvt a]xf]/fn]
l/dfn ;~rfnsn] ;~rfnslarsf] ljjfb
Go'hkf]6{nsf] User ID b]lvPsf] / ldl8ofaf6
/ Passcode cfkm"v';L ;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lsf] ljifo
cgflws[t ¿kdf k|of]u s]lGb|t ph'/L gb]lvPsf]n]
u/L cfˆgf] ;Dks{df ldlt @)*) k'; % sf]
;d]t g/x]sf] egL ldlt lg0f{ofg';f/ ph'/Lstf{nfO{
@)*) dª\l;/ @* ut] hfgsf/L u/fO km5\of}{6
ph'/L k/]sf]

101
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!#! sf7df8f}F /fhwfgL b}lgs sf7df8f}Fdxfgu/kflnsfdf ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
dxfgu/kflnsf ;ª\ul7t e|i6frf/, v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
-lbks sf7df8f}F dxfgu/df ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
clwsf/L_ ljrf}lnofdfkm{t e|i6frf/ u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
zLif{sdf unt / k]; gePsf]n] ldlt @)*)
e|dk"0f{ ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f kmfu'g !) sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
u/]sf] egL ldlt @)*) km5\of}{6
dª\l;/ @( ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!#@ df= db's'df/ :k];kmf]/s] ck'i6, tYoxLg / ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
>]i7 6]lnlehg k"jf{u|xL ;dfrf/ v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
ldlt @)*) k'; @) u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
ut] ph'/L btf{ ePsf] k]; gePsfn] ldlt @)*)
r}t ( sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}{6
!## clVtof/ k"jL{ x6nfOg gftf ;DaGw leqs} ldlt @)*) kmfu'g #) sf]
b'¿kof]u b}lgssf k|wfg JolStsf] gfd klqsfdf lg0f{ofg';f/ ;DalGwtnfO{
cg';Gwfg ;Dkfbs /fvL em'7f ljj/0f k]; u/L kqfrf/ ul/Psf]df k];
cfof]udfkm{t zflns/fd kf08] ljleGg jxfgfdf a;]{gL ePsf] hjfkm ;DaGwdf
k|fKt g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{noaf6 a}7sdf 5nkmn u/L
cfly{s lxgfldgf ul//x]sf] ldlt @)*) r}t ( sf]
eGg] a]xf]/f;lxtsf] ph'/L lg0f{ofg';f/ ldl8ofnfO{
cfof]udf btf{ ePsf] ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
;DaGwdf pSt kq;lxt
cfof]uaf6 cfjZos
sf/afxLsf nflu egL
k|fKt kq sfplG;ndf ldlt
@)*) k'; @% ut] k];
ePsf]
!#$ 8f= ;Gtf]if ;DklQGo'h jL/ c:ktfnsf] n]vf ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
kf}8]n 86sd / k|zf;gdf tfnf, v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
n]vf k|d'v zdf{ km/f/, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
la/fdLnfO{ ;f:tL u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
zLif{s /fvL tYoxLg k]; gePsfn] ldlt @)*)
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] r}t ( sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
egL ldlt @)*) k'; km5\of}{6
@^ ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

102
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!#% s';'d u}/] ;r]tva/ tYoxLg ;dfrf/ ph'/L btf{ ef]lnkN6
g]kfnk|]; 86sd ;Dk|]if0f u/L dfgxfgL, ph'/Lstf{af6 g} …;Dk|]lift
cGtu{ut abgfd u/]sf] egL lel8of] tyf ;dfrf/x¿
;~rflnt km];a's ldlt @)*) k'; @^ l8ln6 ul/;s]sf] x'Fbf
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] lgj]bg lkmtf{ lnG5'Ú
egL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]
x'Fbf yk sf/afxL k|ls|of
ga9fOPsf]df @)*)
kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of]{6
!#^ kz'klt g]kfnkm]z 86sd ;'Aafsf] clgoldttf ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
kf]v|/]n /f]Sg g;s]kl5 v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
xflsdn] g} ;?jf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
dfu]–;ª\3Lo ;lrjfno u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
Joj:yfkg sfof{noaf6 k]; gePsf]n] ldlt @)*)
wdfwd ;?jf x'Fb} kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
sd{rf/L zLif{sdf km5\of}{6
cfwf/xLg / em'7f
cf/f]k nufO rl/qxTof
x'g] ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL @)*) k';
# ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!#& gj/fh :jf:Yova/ lsg ljZj a}ª\ssf] sfnf] ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
a:g]t 86sd, ;"rLdf 5g\ ljjflbt v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
:jf:YonfO{e :jf:Yo Joj;foL gj/fh ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
86sd a:g]t, sfnf];"rLdf u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
/x]sf] ;Knfo;{sf] k]; gePsf]n] ldlt @)*)
:jf:Yodf cftª\s kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
zLif{sdf e|fds km5\of}{6
skf]nslNkt, rl/qxTof
x'g] ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL ldlt @)*)
k'; ^ ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

103
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!#* ;"o{ nfOkm aLdfkf]i6 86sd tTsfnLg Hof]lt ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
OG:of]/]G; / skf]{/]6g]kfnnfOkmdf sof}F vr{x¿ v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
k|f=ln= 86sd a]?h', xf]nf t l;Ocf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
k|sfzlas|d vqLdfly u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
sf/afxL < nufotsf gcfPsfn] ldlt @)*)
zLif{s /fvL skf]slNkt kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
/ e|fds ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL km5\of}{6
ldlt @)*) k'; !#
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!#( ldgf 9sfn g]kfnk|]; 86sd cfdfn] lbPsf] ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
x}/fgLk|lt uh'/]nk'qn] v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
¥ofkaf6 kf]v] cfs|f]z ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
zLif{s /fvL ;Dk|]lift u/fPsf]df s'g} k|ltls|of
;fdu|Ln] dfgl;s¿kdf k]; gePsf]n] ldlt @)*)
ljlIfKt agfPsf] egL kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ldlt @)*) k'; !^
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]] km5\of}{6
!$) /lj OsflGtk'/ 86sd …/f:jkf ;efklt ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
nfld5fg] nfld5fg]dfly d~rd} k]; ePsf] hjfkm
cfs|d0f, Ps hgf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
ks|fpÚ zLif{sdf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
rl/qxTof ug{] u/L gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
e|fds, tYoxLg ;fdu|L ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
;Dk]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) k'; & ut]]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!$! kz'klt cgnfOg g]kfn …xflh/ gu/L tna ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
kf]v/]n 86sd a'emg] s/f]8klt ;'Aaf, ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
eLeLcfOkLsf] ;fdfg hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
vl/bdf nfvf}F e|i6frf/Ú
zLif{sdf lagfcfwf/ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
cf/f]k nufpg], rl/q k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
xTof ug]{ u/L ;fdu|L kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
@)*) k'; !& ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

104
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!$@ afnfh' %% nf]sky 86sd, …anfTsf/sf] d'2fdf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{
g]kfnLdg l6eL Ohnf;nfO{ g} ANofsd]nÚ, j}olSts uf]kgLotf
o'6\o'a Rofgn GofofwLz e]6]/ y'lglbg k|lts"n ;fdu|Lsf] xsdf
cfu|x ÛÚ, …afu]{lgª\u e'n;'wf/ ug{ lgb]{zg
gldn]kl5 legfh' lj?4 lbO cfufdL lbgdf o:tf
anfTsf/sf] d'2f xfNg]
;fnLn] xfl/g\ d'2fÚ, …k};f
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f gug{
glbPkl5 legfh'dfly ;r]t u/fOPsf] / o'6\o'a
;fnLn] xflng\ anfTsf/ Rofgnsf] xsdf ;fdu|L
d'2fÚ zLif{sdf j}olSts x6fpg lgb]{zg lbOPkl5
uf]kgLotf k|lts"n ;fdu|L x6fPsf] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf
;Dk|]if0f ePsf] egL @)*) kmfu'g !^ ut]sf]
@)*) k'; @@ ut] ph'/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
k/]sf]
!$# pbol;+x xfd|f] ldl8of ædf}nfof] kqsf/ ;~rf/ dfWodsf] ¿kdf
>]i7 g]kfn 86sd pbo l;+x >]i7sf] btf{ ;"rLs/0f gePsf] x'Fbf
c;'nL wGbfÆ zLif{sdf pSt ;Dk|]lift ;fdu|L x6fO
PskIfLo ;fdu|L btf{÷;"rLs/0fkZrft\
;Dk|]if0f u/L rl/qxTof ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug{
u/]sf] egL @)*) k'; lgb]{zg Pj+ ;r]t
@^ ut] ph'/L k/]sf] u/fOPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
!) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of{}6
!$$ /fli6«o cf]dsf/6fOD;, cg'dltlagf ;dfrf/ ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{
;dfrf/ va/d'sfd, ;fdu|L x'ax' k|sfzg ;DalGwt kIfsf]
;ldlt cy{sf]cy{,PSo'/6] va/, u/]sf] egL @)*) k'; cg'dlta]u/ ;Dk|]if0f
hgtf6fOD;, @^ ut] ph'/L k/]sf]] gug{÷gu/fpg cGoyf
k|jf;va/, PdPg k|rlnt sfg'g Pj+ kqsf/
l6eL cgnfOg, cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
zAb;~rf/, sf/afxL x'g]tkm{
of]an] fGo'h, cgnfOg ;r]t u/fOPsf] xF'bf @)*)
Go'h ;]eg] / kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
b}lgs;jfn 86sd lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

105
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!$% ;'/h s];L va/8fon 86sd 7uL wGbfdf :ofª\hfsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
;'/h s];L / lau Ifdfofrgf;lxt k|sflzt
Ph's]zg sG;N6]G;L ;fdu|Lsf] k|s[lt v'nfO
zLif{sdf dfgk|lti7fdf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L x6fO
cfFr k'¥ofpg] k]; ePsf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{
lsld;af6 ;fdu|L hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
@)*) k'; @^ ut] r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ph'/L k/]sf] km5\of{}6
!$^ u0f]z 7f8f g]kfnkm]; 86sd ;]l6ªdf t:s/L ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
du/ aflxgLdf tflgPsf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
;z:qsf l8P;kL hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/ OG:k]S6/ k'gM hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
lkmtf{ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
;Dk|]lift e|fds r}t (ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;fdu|Ln] rl/qxTof km5\of{}6
ePsf] egL @)*) k';
@# ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!$& ;'gufef e]6 x]Nykq 86sd, ljleGg zLif{sdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
kmdf{ ;do;dfrf/ ;+:yfsf] ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
86sd, g]kfnd'xf/ ljZj;lgotfdfly cfFr hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
86sd, pHofnf] k'¥ofpg] dg;fon] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]]
g]6js{ 86sd, ;TotYo ga'emL k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
;femfkfgf 86sd ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] h]7 !$ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
egL @)*) k'; !( tfd]nL
/ hgtf 6fOD; ut] ph'/L k/]sf] .
86sd
!$* nIdL k'g :k];kmf]/s] ljleGg ldltdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
-kz'klt 6]lnlehg ljleGg zLif{sdf ;Dk|]if0f u/L ;f];lxt
If]q ljsf; ;Dk]|lift skf]nslNkt k]; ePsf] hjfkm
sf]if_ / ck|dfl0ft ;dfrf/ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;Dk|]if0f u/L dfgxfgL u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
u/]sf] egL @)*) k'; gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
@# ut] ph'/L k/]sf] . ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6

106
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!$( 8f= ;'wf ps]/f 86sd …af]nkq vf]Ng] 7fpF ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
b]jsf]6f g;RofpFbf v'Nof] v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
sf]zL l;6L :Sofg hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
vl/bsf] kmf]g, k|bz] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
:jf:Yo ;lrj;lxtsf] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
ldn]dtf]df ;f9] tLg kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
s/f]8 sld;gsf] v]nÚ lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
zLif{sdf dfgk|lti7f Pj+
rl/qdf cfFr k'¥ofpg]
;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) k'; @^ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf] .
!%) k|x/L dx]Gb|gu/ …s~rgk'/df k'ln; ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
lg/LIfs kf]i6 86sd / y'gfleq} s'l6G5g\ y'gj' f, k]; ePsf] hjfkm
ljg's'df/L lgu/fgLva/ OG;k]S6/ lagfsf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
zfxL 86sd uf]nd6f]n hjfkm u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
-lh=k|=sf -lel8of]_Ú / …sf08} gcfPkl5 @)*! h]7 !$
s~rk'/_ sf08sf lag' zfxLsf !% ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
dlxgfM o:tf 5g\ sf08, /xL @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
P;kL yfkfsL …Kof/LÚ lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ePsf] cf/f]kÆ zLif{ssf]
;fdu|Lsf ljifodf
@)*) df3 !) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!%! /fhs'df/ :jf:YonfOe ljleGg zLif{sdf ldYof, ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
dxh{g, 86sd, unt, skf]nslNkt, ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
s]za/fh ;DklQGo'h tYo/lxt, e|fds hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
uf}tdnufot 86sd, ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
xfd|f]ld;g 86sd egL @)*) df3 @ ut] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
ph'/L k/]sf] . kmfu'g !) ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6

107
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!%@ g]kfn k|]m6 gofFk]h 86sd gofFk]h ;~rf/ dfWodx¿af6
km/jf8{; g]kfnk|]; 86sd, 86sdaf6 …/fhZj e'njz c;DalGwt
P;f]l;P;g lahva/ 86sd, 5n]sf] cf/f]kdf b'O{ JolStsf] tl:a/
;f}/fxfcgnfOg, s/f]8 gub;lxt sk8f k/]sf] x'Fbf Ifdfofrgf;lxt
bds cgnfOg Jofkf/L g/]z cu|jfn tl:a/ x6fO hfgsf/L
86sd ks|fpÚ, …b'O{ s/f]8 u/fOPsf] ljifo
gub;lxt ;dfltP ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
sk8f Jofkf/L, u/fOPsf]df ph'/Lstf{af6
x'08Ldf ;+nUg /x]sf] wGojfb;lxtsf] k|ltls|of
cfzª\sfdf lgu/fgLdf cfPsf] x'Fbf @)*) r}t (
lyP cu|jfnÚ zLif{sdf ut]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
tYout km5\of{}6
k'i6\ofOFa]u/ lgbf]{if
JolStsf] rl/qxTof
x'g] lsl;daf6 ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) k'; % ut]
ph'/L k/]sf] .
!%# /fli6«o 8f]n]Zj/Go'h, ;ldltsf] cg'dlt ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
;dfrf/ sfnf]kf6L,g]kfnse/]h, lagf -u|fxs gagL_ Ifdfofrgf Pj+ cfufdL
;ldlt cQl/ofcgnfOg, ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg lbgdf To:tf] sfo{ gug]{
g]kfngS;fGo'h / ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L x'ax' k|lta4tf;lxt hjfkm k];
;'qwf/cgnfOg k|sfzg u/]sfn] ldlt ePsf] x'Fbf @)*) kmfu'g
86sd @)*)÷!)÷)& ut] !) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ph'/L k/]sf] ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
!%$ Gff/fo0f e[s'6L l6eL / em'7f Pj+ unt ;~rf/ dfWod / ph'/Lstf{
k|;fb ;'j]bL Pl;of ;~rf/ ljj/0f;lxt ;fdu|L b'j}kIfaLr 5nkmn eO
86sd ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf egL] ;~rf/ dfWodsf tkm{af6
@)*) df3 & ut]] ;fdu|Ldf efiffut q'l6,
ph'/L k/]sf] cdof{lbt efiffz}nLsf]
k|of]u ePsf] / PskIfLo
b]lvPsf]k|lt Ifdfofrgf ub}{
b'j} kIfaf6 k|lta4tfkqdf
x:tfIf/ ePkZrft\
@)*) c;f/ #! ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

108
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!%% s'df/ sfsL{ yfONof08g]kfn ljleGg zLif{sdf cfkm"
btf{÷;"rLs/0f gb]lvPsf]n]
86sd / kl/jf/nfO{ ab\gfd btf{÷;"rLs/0f u/]/ dfq
ug]{u/L cgu{n ;dfrf/;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug{ cGoyf
k|sfzg u/]sf] egL cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
@)*) df3 !! ut] sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
ph'/L k/]sf] u/fOPsf]n] ldlt @)*)
kmfu'g !^ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}{6
!%^ hubLz j}B uf]/vfkq b}lgs …kmhL{ sfuh / k|efjdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
dfggLo / k|d'v v08g ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]af/]
;Nnfxsf/Ú, …d'lt{;Fu ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
dfgfy{ pkfwL ;f6km]/Ú u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
…gSsnL k|fWofks gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g
hubLz j}B cfhLjg !^ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;/sf/L kfx'gfÚ zLif{ssf] km5\of{}6
;fdu|Ln] rl/qxTof
u/]sf] egL @)*) df3
!$ ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!%& b'uf{k|;fb xfd|fs'/f 86sd …hfg] a]nfdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
zdf{, k|]; /fli6«o;ef cWoIf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
;Nnfxsf/, ltldlN;gfsf] ;+lbUw hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/fli6«o ;ef e|d0fÚ zLif{sdf e|fds, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]
cWoIf tYoxLg, rl/qxTof ug]{ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] @)*) kmfu'g !^ ut]sf]
egL @)*) df3 @! lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!%* /fli6«o lauva/ 86sd, ;ldltsf] cg'dlt ;ldltsf] cg'dlta]u/
;dfrf/ Soflk6nx]8nfOg lagf -u|fxs gagL_ ;Dk|]if0f gug{÷gu/fpg
;ldlt 86sd, lgu/fgL ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg / cfufdL lbgdf o;
ldl8of 86sd, ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L x'ax' lsl;dsf] ph'/L tyf
;femfva/ 86sd k|sfzg u/]sf] egL u'gf;f] k|fKt eP
@)*) df3 @! ut] cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
ph'/L k/]sf] sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
u/fO kqfrf/ ePsf] x'Fbf
@)*) kmfu'g ( ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

109
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!%( lty{axfb'/ :k]; kmf]/s] …hgtf hgfb{gÚ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
nfdf 6]lnlehg sfo{s|ddf ck'i6, k]; ePsf] hjfkm
tYoxLg / k"jf{u|xL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
PskIfLo ;fdu|L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;Dk|]if0f u/L rl/qxTof gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
u/]sf] egL @)*) df3 ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
% ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!^) Gfful/s hgcf:yf …k|d] /fO{nfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
p8\8og ;fKtflxs ;d]t k|nf]egÚ nufotsf ;Dk|]if0f;lxt k]; ePsf]
k|flws/0f zLif{sdf JolStut, hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;+:yfut dfgdb{g / hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
rl/qxTof x'g] lsl;daf6 k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 ldlt
;dfrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf] @)*) r}t ( ut]sf]
egL @)*) df3 !& ut] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
!^! Zofd;'Gb/ bIfva/ 86sd …gSsnL k|x/Lsf] e]ifdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
k|;fb ofbj Go'/f]8sf Jofkf/L 7Ub} ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
Zofd ;'Gb/ ofbjÚ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
zLif{sdf tYoxLg Pj+ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
e|fds ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
u/L rl/qxTof u/]sf] r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
egL @)*) df3 @!
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] . km5\of{}6
!^@ b la|l6; :k]; kmf]/s] …ljb]zL lzIffsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
sh]h 6]lnlehg gfddf o'jfo'jtL ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
a]Rg] la|l6; sn]hsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
…ANGLE 360Ú cv8f, ;of}F ljBfyL{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
sfo{s|d cbfntsf] z/0fdfÚ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
zLif{sdf ;+:yfnfO{ h]7 !$ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ql;t kfg],{ wDSofpg],
JolStut :jfy{kl" t{ ug]{ tfd]nL / @)*! c;f/ #!
lgotn] e|dk"0f{{ ;dfrf/ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) df3 @% ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

110
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!^# /d]z kf}8]n, lahdf08' 86sd …6\jLgc6/ hxfh lsGg] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
k|jStf, g]kfn ls/ftL / clwsf/Lsf] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
jfo';]jf of]hgfdf 7];, tLgdWo] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
lgud b'O{ sDkgLsf] k|fljlws u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
k|:tfj km]nÚ zLif{ssf] gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
;fdu|Laf/] @)*) df3 ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
@( ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!^$ z}n]; lbof]kf]i6 86sd …/f0ff 3/fgfsL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
af:sf]6f a'xf/Ldfly ! s/f]8 ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
&) nfvsf] uxgf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
rf]/Lsf] cf/f]k, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
k|df0f;lxt hfx]/LÚ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
zLif{ssf] skf]nslNkt, r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
e|fds / tYoxLg
;dfrf/n] dfgl;s km5\of{}6
kL8f lbPsf] egL
@)*) kmfu'g # ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!^% g]kfn g]kfnu|fp08 h]/f] …ljdfg:ynsf] u'0f:t/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
gful/s 86sd 36\bf sf7df8f}Fdf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
p8\8og hUuf a9\of], s;/L <Ú hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
k|flws/0f zLif{sdf JolStut hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
rl/qxTof u/L ;+:yfsf] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
dof{bfdf;d]t cfFr r}t ( ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/
cfpg] u/L e|fds km5\of{}6 .
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
egL @)*) kmfu'g $
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!^^ dWok'/ lyld k|fOd 6fOD; …JolStsf] hUuf vfg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
gu/kflnsf, 6]lnlehg / lylddf j8fWoIf / ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
$ g+= j8f o'6o\ 'a Rofgn pkd]o/s} ;]l6ª, dfG5] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
d/]sf] #^ jif{kl5 5f]/f hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
eGb} c+z bfaLÚ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
clt/l~ht, e|fds, + r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
rl/qxTof x'g] lsl;dsf] km5\of{}6
;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f ePsf]
egL @)*) kmfu'g #
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

111
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!^& ;fhg >]i7 Prl6kLva/ …:ju{ hfg] af6f] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
86sd ls|lZrog wd{ xf] k]; ePsf] hjfkm
eGb}, ufpF3/b]lv ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
/fhwfgL;Dd wd{ kl/ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
j{tgsf] v]nÚ zLif{sdf gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
wfld{s ;d'bfolar ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
3[0ff km}nfP/ åGå
l;h{gf ug]{ lgotn]
e|fds / tYoxLg
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
egL @)*) kmfu'g ^
ut]] ph'/L k/]sf] .
!^* ?udaxfb'/ g]kfnkm]; 86sd, ljleGg zLif{sdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
s'Fj/ cgnfOg g]kfn JolQmut Pj+ ePsf] v08g;lxtsf]
86sd, vKt8 Jofj;flos 5la hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
l6eL 86sd / wldNofpg PskIfLo hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
l;wfs'/f 86sd Pj+ k"jf{u|xL ;fdu|L k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
@)*) kmfu'g # ut] km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
!^( ljhos'df/ ;f/yLva/ …z}Nolzv/df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
lai6 86sd n]vfkfnsf] HofbtL, ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
hgk|ltlglw sd{rf/L hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
b'/L a9\b}Ú zLif{sdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]
k];fut Pj+ j}olSts k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
hLjgdf rl/qxTof x'g] h]7 !$ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] tfd]nL / @)*! c;f/ #!
egL @)*) kmfu'g # ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

112
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!&) k|f=8f= sflGtk'/ b}lgs …lqlj pks'nklt ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
lrqaxfb'/ lgo'lStdf dfcf]jfbLleq} ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
a'9fyf]sL b'O{ wf/Ú zLif{sdf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
tYoxLg, e|fds, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
skf]nslNkt / k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
rl/qxTof Pj+ dfgdb{g r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ug]{ dg;fon] ;fdu|L km5\of{}6
;Dk||]if0f ePsf] egL
@)*) kmfu'g # ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!&! lbk]Gb| lahzfnf 86sd ælbk]Gb| cu|jfnsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
cu|jfn sf/0f a|f]s/ x}/fg, ;Dk]|if0f u/L ;f];lxt
rnv]n ug{ cTolws k]; ePsf] hjfkm
sf]Nof6«n rnfPsf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
v'nf;fÆ zLif{sdf u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lpk/ gcfPkl5 @)*) r}t (
@)*) kmfu'g !# ut] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
ph'/L k/]sf]
!&@ ;lGhtf ofª\jf/s kmf]s; æd]o/ xs{ ;fDkfªsf] afnd}qL ;~rf/ lgb]{lzsf,
wdnf 86sd clxn] la/f]w u/]/ @)&# k|lts'n ;fdu|L
gyfSg] ;lGhtf wdnf x6fpg / pSt j]akf]6{n
klxn] o;/L cfˆgf] btf{÷;"rLs/0f;d]t
ˆnf]j/ a9fpg l;Gsfdf gePsf] b]lvPsf]n]
dfOs|f]kmf]g /fv]/ lgodfg';f/ btf{÷;"rLs/0f
cl3kl5 nflUyg .Æ u/L ;f]kZrft\ dfq ;fdu|L
nufot zLif{sdf ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f sfo{ ug{÷u/fpg
;Dk|]if0f ePsf] egL lgb]{zg Pj+ ;r]t u/fOPsf]
@)*) kmfu'g !# ut] x'Fbf @)*! c;f/ #!
ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

113
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!&# /fli6«o va/k'~h 86sd /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf] cg'dlta]u/
;dfrf/ Pe/]i6 ld;g ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf ;Dk|]if0f gug{÷gu/fpg
;ldlt 86sd, dsfn' ;fdu|Lx¿ u|fxs gagL, / cfufdL lbgdf o:tf]
va/ 86sd, lagf cg'dlt x'ax' ph'/L÷u'gf;f] k|fKt eP
gf/fo0fL cgnfOg k|sfzg u/]sf] egL cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
86sd, yfgsf]6 @)*) kmfu'g !& ut] sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
6fOD; 86sd, ph'/L k/]sf] u/fO @)*! c;f/ #!
d}galQ 86sd ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
!&$ a]b/fh cGt/ª\uGo'h …sflnsf 7uL sf08 ;~rf/ dfWdaf6
vlgof 86sd / M ;ft lbg] k'hL{ Ifdfofrgf;lxt e"n;'wf/
cGt/ª\u hf/L, yfkf avf{:tÚ u/L k]; ePsf] hjfkm
;fKtflxs nufotsf zLif{sdf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
u/L zflGtk"0f{¿kdf gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
afFRg kfpg] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
clwsf/;d]t s'l07t
u/]sf] egL @)*)
kmfu'g !& ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!&% s]bf/axfb'/ xfd|f s'/f 86sd dfgj t:s/Lsf] em'7f, ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
a:g]t dgu9Gt] cf/f]k nufO k]; ePsf] hjfkm
cfTdf;Ddfg, OHhtdf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
cfFr cfpg] u/L ;fdu|L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;Dk]|if0f u/]sf] egL gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
@)*) kmfu'g !& ut] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ph'/L k/]sf]
!&^ uf]laGbk|;fb hg/Iff 86sd …;]G6/ h]nsf s}bL;Fu ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
vltj8f n'F8\ofpF5g\ ;'Aaf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
uf]ljGbn]Ú zLif{sdf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/fvL lagfcfwf/÷k|df0f, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
dgu0fGt] sxfgL /r]/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
rl/qxTof ug]{ p2]Zon] c;f/ #! km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) kmfu'g !&
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

114
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!&& g]kfn ps]/f 86sd …sf7df8f}F dxfgu/sf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
lgMz'Ns ;xof]udf If]qkf6L ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
lrlsT;fno lrlsT;fnon] lsGg hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
nfu]sf] l;6L–d]df]u|fddf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
u8a8, ;]l6ªdf hf]l8P k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
afn]gs} ;xof]uLÚ c;f/ & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
nufotsf zLif{sdf km5\of}{6
em'7f / q'6Lk"0f{ ;dfrf/
k|sflzt u/]sf] egL
@)*) kmfu'g @@ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!&* ;lxb x]Nycfjfh …8f=k'sf/rGb| >]i7sf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
wd{eSt 86sd sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0f ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
/fli6«o nfO;]G; 5fglag hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
k|Tof/f]k0f ub}{ clVtof/Ú hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
s]Gb| nufotsf zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ga'emL c;f/ #! ut]sf]
PskIfLo, skf]nslNkt lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
Pj+ e|dk"0f{ ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) kmfu'g @# ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!&( e/t af]u6L vf]htnf; …x]dfåf/f ;fª\3flts ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
cgnfOg 86sd cfs|d0f u/]sf] eGb} ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
>Ldfg\ e/tlj?4 hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ph'/LÚ zLif{sdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
d'2fnfO{ k|efljt c;f/ #! ut]sf]
kfg]{u/L ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
u/]sf] egL @)*)
kmfu'g @& ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]

115
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!*) g]kfn :k]; kmf]/s] …c:ktfndf n'6wGbf, ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
lrlsT;s o'6\o'a Rofgn cfkmGt kf]:g] xflsdÚ ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
;ª\3 zLif{sdf cfwf/xLg, hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
tYoxLg Pj+ e|fds hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/L s'g} k|ltls|of gcfPkl5
;+:yfut tyf JolStut @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
dfgdof{bfdf cfFr lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
k'¥ofPsf] egL @)*)
kmfu'g @$ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!*! /d]z cfof]Go'h 86sd æ/d]z nD;fnn] ;fIfL btf{÷;"rLs/0f
nD;fn a:g nufPkl5 @ gb]lvPsf]n] btf{÷;"rLs/0f
( nfvsf] C0fsf] u/L ;f]kZrft\ dfq ;fdu|L
d'2f af]Sb} uf}/a ;Dk|]if0f ug{ cGoyf k|rlnt
l3ld/] -lel8of];lxt_Æ sfg'g÷cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
zLif{sdf PskIfLo sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
lel8of] ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/fOPsf]n] ldlt @)*!
u/]sf] egL @)*) c;f/ #! ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
kmfu'g @$ ut] ph'/L km5\of}{6
k/]sf]
!*@ ljsf;Wjh g]zgn lk|m8d sf/fuf/af6} kLl8t btf{÷;"rLs/0f
/f0ff÷/df EjfO; o'6\o'a xfd|f] ;Dks{df .. gb]lvPsf]n] pSt ;fdu|L
/f0ff km'k'÷km'kfh'af6} 7luP/ x6fpg, btf{÷;"rLs/0f
h]n rnfg ;lagf u/L ;f]kZrft\ dfq ;fdu|L
s];L .. @& s/f]8sf] ;Dk|]if0f ug{ cGoyf k|rlnt
cf/f]k ..ÆzLif{sdf sfg'g÷cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
;Dk|]lift skf]nslNkt, sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
e|fds ;fdu|Ln] u/fOPsf]df ;fdu|L x6fO
dfgk|lti7fdf cfFr hfgsf/L u/fPsf] x'Fbf ldlt
k'u]sf] egL @)*) @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
kmfu'g @( ut] ph'/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
k/]sf]

116
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!*# ;a]{Gb| vgfn sflGtk'/ b}lgs, …hfFra'em ;~rf/ dfWod v08gsf]
OsflGtk'/ 86sd cfof]un] p7fof] a]xf]/f c:ki6 ePsf] sf/0f
k|ZgM ;'g t:s/Ldf v08g k|sfzg ug{ c;dy{
;+nUg dfcf]jfbL / ePsf], k"0f{ ljj/0f;lxt
Pdfn] g]tf cg';Gwfg v08g cfPdf v08g
aflx/}Ú zLif{sdf em'7f], k|sfzg ug{ ;lsg] egL
skf]nslNkt / lg/fwf/ k]; ePsf] hjfkm hfgsf/L
s'/f /fv]/ rl/qxTof u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
u/]sf] egL @)*) r}t gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ &
@ ut] ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
!*$ cy{ dGqfno nf]sfGt/ 86sd æljjfbsf] e'd/Ldf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
-e'kfn/fh cy{dGqL, jif{dfgsf] ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
zfSo_ hf]8andf ;'g hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
t:s/nfO{ 5'6fpg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
xtf/f]Æ zLif{ssf] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
;fdu|L skf]nslNkt, c;f/ #! ut]sf]
e|dk"0f{, rl/qxTof x'g] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}}6
lsl;dsf] ePsf] egL]
@)*) r}t % ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!*% u0f]zk|;fb RjfO;va/ …cfOl;kLdf cfly{s ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
l3ld/] 86sd cftª\s dlRrof], ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
sd{rf/L dfnfdfn, hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/fh:jdf a|Dxn'6, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
P]gljk/Lt /ª\ubf/L k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
c;'nL]Ú zLif{sdf c;f/ #! ut]sf]
cfwf/xLg, lagfk|df0f, lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{{}6
JolQmut / Jofj;flos
hLjgdf gsf/fTds
c;/ kfg]{u/L ;Dk|]if0f
ePsf] egL @)*) r}t
& ut]] ph'/L k/]sf]

117
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!*^ b]jL 9sfn gofFz}nL 86sd / …# nfvsf] sf/0f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
uf}td tftf]s'/f 86sd s/f]8f}+sf] 3/38]/L k]; ePsf] hjfkm
sAhf u/]sf] eGb} ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
kLl8t ldl8ofdfÚ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
zLif{sdf cbfntsf] gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
km};nfljk/Lt ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
/x]sf], tYoxLg / e|fds
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Ln]
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL
@)*) r}t & ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!*& lrgf >]i7 kml0fGb|k|;fb …gub tLgnfv lnPsf], j}olSts n]gb]gsf] ljifo
nfld5fg] :s'6/;d]t lnO /x]sf] x'Fbf sfplG;nsf]
xfn;Dd ;Dks{df If]qleq kg]{
gcfPsf], …d kqsf/ gb]lvPsf]n] ;f]xLcg';f/sf]
xF'Ú s'g} lgsfodf a]xf]/f ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
uO ph'/afh'/ u/]df u/fOPsf] ljifo ldlt
;dfhdf afFRg g;Sg] @)*) c;f/ # ut]sf]
u/L a]xfn agfOlbG5' lg0f{ofg';f/ km5of}{6 .
egL wDsL lbg] u/]sf]
egL @)*) r}t * ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!** /fli6«o cgnfOg /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf] cg'dlta]u/
;dfrf/ x]8nfOgg]kfn ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf ;Dk|]if0f gug{÷gu/fpg
;ldlt 86sd, sfnf]kf6L ;fdu|Lx¿ u|fxs gagL, / cfufdL lbgdf o;
86sd, ofqf8]nL lagf cg'dlt x'ax' lsl;dsf] ph'/L tyf
86sd, rf}yf]cª\u k|sfzg u/]sf] egL u'gf;f] k|fKt ePdf
86sd, cgnfOg @)*) r}t !# ut] k|rlnt sfg'g Pj+ kqsf/
g]kfn 86sd, ph'/L k/]sf] cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
lgu/fgL 86sd sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
u/fO kqfrf/ ePsf] x'Fbf
@)*! h]7 !$ ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

118
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!*( ldng zdf{ ndh'ª/Tg;fKtflxs rl/qxTof x'g] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
bgfO{ / cGt/ª\uGo'h lsl;dn], dnufot ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
86sd ;~rfnsdfly Hofg} hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
lng pS;fpg] u/L, @)*! h]7 $ ut] hfgsf/L
cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
/x]sf] d'2fnfO{ k|efj gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
kfg]{u/L ljleGg zLif{s ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
/fvL ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f
ePsf] egL @)*) r}t
!% ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!() z'enIdL lahg]; …7d]ndf kfFr tnf Rofgnx¿af6 ;Dk|]lift
/l~ht / bz{g l6eL / 3/, d[uf}nf kLl8t ;fdu|L x6fO hfgsf/L
/fh]z >]i7 Xof;6\ofu g]kfn 5f]/L pkrf/ vr{ u/fOPsf] ljifo
o'6\o'a Rofgn dfUb}Ú, …7d]ndf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
kfFr tnf 3/, h]7L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
>LdtL ;8sdf / gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
v'Nof] /x:oÚ, …k};fsf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of{}6
cfF8df >LdtL /
5f]/LnfO{ 6r{/Ú
zLif{ssf ;fdu|Ln]
rl/qxTof ePsf],
cbfntaf6 km};nf
eO;s]sf] ljifo
clt/l~ht ul/Psf]
egL @)*) r}t !%
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!(! lbks dx]Gb|gu/ kf]i6 …gf/fo0fsfhLnfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
nfld5fg] l;Wofpg zf]ef / ;Dk|]if0f k]; ePsf] hjfkm
lbkssf] o:tf] …6«ofkÚ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
tof/L, %) nfvsf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
afu]{lgª\ <Ú zLif{sdf gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ )&
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Ln] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
rl/qxTof ePsf] egL
@)*) r}t !( ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

119
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!(@ l;tns'df/ OGo'h Jo"/f] …/]l8of] d':sfgsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
emf 86sd ;~rfns l;tn emf Ifdfofrgf;lxt
8«U;, xftxltof/ / r]s ;dfrf/ x6fO ;Dk|]lift
afpG; d'2fdf km/f/Ú v08g;lxt k]; ePsf]
zLif{ssf] ;fdu|Ln] e|d hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
5/]sf], dfgdof{bfdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
cfFr k'¥ofPsf] egL k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 ldlt
@)*) r}t @# ut] @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
ph'/L k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
!(# ;"o{sdn dx]Gb|gu/ kf]i6 …ef/taf6 dx]Gb|gu/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
>]i7 86sd cf]k]/fsf] Sofl;gf]df ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
nfvf}+sf] dlb/f t:s/LÚ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
zLif{sdf x'Fb} gePsf], hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
skf]nslNkt rl/qxTof k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
ug]{ dg;fon] ;dfrf/ c;f/ #! ut]sf]
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) r}t @* ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!($ lbk]z l;wfs'/f 86sd …ljjfx]Q/ ;DaGwn] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
v8\sf-:jsLo / g]klnh 6fOD; gfª\luPsf dx]z k]; ePsf] hjfkm
;lrj, dx]z 86sd a:g]tÚ, …dx]z a:g]t ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
a:g]tsf] / zf]ef kf7slarsf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;lrjfno_ o:tf] Rof6 gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ &
aflxl/of], # k6s;Dd ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ue{ktg ÛÚ zLif{sdf
;Dk|]lift tYoxLg,
e|fds, ldYof
;dfrf/n] rl/qxTof
ePsf] egL @)*) r}t
@* ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

120
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!(% lji0f'axfb'/ pHofnf] g]6js{ …g'jfsf]6df 5'jf5'tM ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;dfrf/
v8\sf km];a's k]h Pp6} 6\ofª\sLaf6 kfgL zLif{s ;RrfO k]; ePsf]
vfg dfg]gg\, blntsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
d'xfg sAhf ub}{ lji0f' hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
v8\sfÚ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
e|fds, PskIfLo, c;f/ & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
hftLo ljefhg Nofpg] km5\of}{6
/ rl/qxTof x'g] ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f ePsf] egL
@)*) r}t #) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!(^ nIdL hgcf:yf …sfª\u|]; s]Gb|Lo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
vltj8f 86sd / ;b:o nIdL vltj8f k]; ePsf] hjfkm
Go'hPga|]slnª\s ks|fpÚ, …sfª\u|];sL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
86sd g]t[ …n]8L 8gÚ ks|fpÚ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
zLif{sdf clt/l~ht gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
u/L rl/qxTof ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ug]{ dg;fon]
PskIfLo ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*! j}zfv @ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!(& cGhgf /fO{ pkxf/Go'h …pbok'/df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
86sd ;fOa/s|fOd;DaGwL k]; ePsf] hjfkm
klxnf] ph'/LÚ zLif{sdf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
PskIfLo, em'7f u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ljj/0f /fv]/ gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
rl/qxTof, dfgdb{g ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
x'g] lsl;daf6 ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*! j}zfv !$ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

121
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!(* cg'h ;'Gb/x/}Frf xfd|f] OHhtdf bfu ph'/L lgj]bg ;DaGwdf
s6'jfn ;/f]sf/ ;d"x nfUg] u/L xfdLnfO{ s'g} clen]v;d]t cg'udg
km];a's k]h klg va/ gu/L of] x'Fbf s'g} cgnfOg ;~rf/
km];a's k]haf6 ;fdu|L dfWodcGtu{t /xL
;Dk|]if0f egL ldlt ;"rLs/0f ePsf] gb]lvPsf]
@)*! a}zfv ( ut] ljifo ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ph'/L k/]sf] Od]ndfkm{t hfgsf/L
u/fOPsf] x'Fbf @)*! c;f/
& ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}{6
!(( ch'{gljs|d g]klnh 6fOD; d]o/ afn]gsf] slyt ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 zLif{s
zfxL 86sd sfG5f]efO Onfddf ;RrfO k]; ePsf]] hjfkm
olt;Ddsf] r6s ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
b]vfpFb}, sf] x'g\ oL u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
56\6'nfn < zLif{sdf gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ &
;Dk|]lift PskIfLo ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;fdu|Ln] rl/qxTof
ePsf] egL @)*!
j}zfv !@ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
@)) ;'bz{g v/]n slno'uGo'h …6]lnlehgdf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
afudtL l6eL 86sd afu]{lgª kqsfl/tf, ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
pBf]uL Jofkf/L / a}+snfO{ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ANofsd]lnª u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
eGb} ph'/LÚ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
sfNklgs, e|fds, c;f/ #! ut]sf]
PskIfLo ;fdu|L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;Dk]|if0f u/L rl/qxTof
u/]sf] egL @)*!
a}zfv !# ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]

122
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@)! lgjf{rg ;]tf]kf6L 86sd k|ltlglw tyf dt ;e]{If0fsf ljifodf
cfof]u k|b]z ;ef ;b:o kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf /
pklgjf{rgsf] lgjf{rg cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
cfrf/+lxtf ;d]t nfu' Joj:yf pNn]v u/L
eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df o; lsl;dsf] ;fdu|L
Onfd lhNnf If]q g+= ;Dk|]if0f ;hutf ckgfpg
@ sf] ;Gbe{df dt Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] x'Fbf
;j]{If0f u/L k|sfzg @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
u/]sf] egL @)*! lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
j}zfv !# ut] ph'/L
lgj]bg k/]sf]
@)@ lxsdt l;+x klZrd PS;k|]; æ88]Nw'/fsf] Onfsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
e08f/L 86sd k|zf;gsf] xflsdsf] ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
dgk/Ln] ;]jfu|fxL hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
dsf{df, l;l8of]n] ;f]w] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
:ki6Ls/0fÆ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
ckmjfxk"0f{, em'7f, c;f/ & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
e|fds ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f km5\of}6
u/]sf] egL @)*!
a}zfv @) ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
@)# /fli6«o sflGtkycgnfOg /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf] cg'dlta]u/
;dfrf/ 86sd, ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf ;Dk|]if0f gug{÷gu/fpg
;ldlt ;femfkf]i6 86sd, ;fdu|Lx¿ u|fxs gagL, / cfufdL lbgdf o;
g]kfnnfOe lagf cg'dlt x'ax' lsl;dsf] ph'/L tyf
86sd, Go";~rf/ k|sfzg u/]sf] egL u'gf;f] k|fKt ePdf
86sd, xfd|f];+jfb @)*! a}zfv @# ut] k|rlnt sfg'g Pj+ kqsf/
86sd, ph'/L k/]sf] cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
dsfn'va/ sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
86sd, va/;]G6/ u/fO kqfrf/ ePsf] x'Fbf
86sd, @)*! c;f/ & ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

123
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@)$ ozf]bf rfxf/, sk'/jf]6 ldl8of …tGg]/L;Fu clg;fsf] $ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 …;fdu|L
afafb]jL ldg]6n] tfTof] ;Gtf]ifsf] q'l6k"0f{ ePsfn] x6fOPsf],
rfxf/, ljgf]b kf/f, df/]/ k'u] k|x/L ;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Ln] kLl8t
g]kfnL rf}sLÚ zLif{sdf agfj6L kl/jf/df kg{ uPsf]
s'/f /fv]/, xTof c;/k|lt Ifdfk|fyL
lx+;fnfO{ k|>o k'Ug] 5f}FÚ egL k]; ePsf] hjfkm
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
egL @)*! a}zfv @# u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ &
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}6
@)% 6+saxfb'/ ?l6gckmkLl8t rl/qxTof x'g]u/L ;~rf/ dfWodcGtu{t /xL
l3l;ª km];a's k]h lagfcfwf/ / sf/0flagf ;"rLs/0f ePsf] clen]vdf
cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg gb]lvPsf]n] ;f]xLcg';f/sf]
d'2fnfO{;d]t k|efljt a]xf]/f ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
kfg]{ ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/fO;lsPsf] ljifo @)*!
ePsf] egL ldlt @)*! c;f/ & ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
a}zfv @$ ut] ph'/L km5\of}{6
k/]sf]
@)^ afns'df/L ;fgGo'h 86sd …;xsf/L 7uLdf Pdfn] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
/fO{ / g]tfÚ zLif{sdf ;Dk]|lift
;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
dfgWjh /fO{ ;fdu|L c;To, e|fds hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/x]sf] egL @)*! hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
a}zfv @% ut] ph'/L k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
k/]sf] c;f/ #! ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)& O{= hgcf:yf 86sd …/f:jkfdfly ;~rf/ dfWOdaf6 v08g
dfgaxfb'/ e'sDkkLl8tsf] /sd ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
zfxL s'DNofPsf] cf/f]kÚ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
zLif{sdf ck'i6, e|fds, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
a]gfd] ;dfrf/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
;Dk|]if0f u/L JolStut c;f/ #! ut]sf]
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*! a}zfv @* ut]
ph'/L] k/]sf]

124
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@)* 6]s]Gb| hgfb]z 86sd …k|li6s/0fM clVtof/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
a:ofn 86 PgkL b'¿kof]uÚ zLif{sdf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
JolSt / ;+:yfsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
rl/qxTof x'g] u/L hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
egL @)*! a}zfv #! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)( e]/Luª\uf nfOsf va/ …e]/Luª\uf gu/kflnsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
ax'p2]ZoLo km];a's k]h ;'v]{tdf ;~rflnt e]/L ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
;xsf/L ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;+:yf ln= ;+:yfn] artstf{n] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
ltg'{kg]{ ! nfv &) k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
xhf/ /sd efsf c;f/ #! ut]sf]
gf3]sf] eGb} nfvf}Fsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
km]G;L k;n x8Kg'sf
;fy}===Ú zLif{sdf
km]s lel8of] agfO
;+:yflj?4 ckmjfx
km}nfPsf] egL @)*!
h]7 ! ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
@!) g/]Gb| breaknlinks.com …sfˆn] / a:g]t;lxt ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
a:g]t / # hgflj?¢ cbfntdf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
uf]kfn sfˆn] d'2f btf{, hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ANofsd]lnª / dfgxfgL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
u/]sf] cf/f]kÚ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 ldlt
k|;fl/t ;fdu|Ln] @)*!÷)#÷#! ut]sf]
dfgxfgL, rl/qxTof lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
ePsf] egL @)*! h]7
! ut] ph'/L k/]sf] .

125
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@!! gLnd hgcf:yf …;xdltdf s/0fL 7x/, ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
9'ª\ufgf ;fKtflxs, ltg} afafsf] lgjf;df ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
ltlD;gf hgcf:yf 86sd dlxnf 8]k'6L ueg{/Ú hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
zLif{sdf PskIfLo hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
u/]sfn] cfkm" / cfa4 c;f/ #! ut]sf]
;+:yfsf] ;fdflhs lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
k|lti7fdf cfFr k'u]sf]
egL @)*! h]7 $ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
@!@ k|lbk gful/s b}lgs …km];a'sdf u[xdGqLsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
cfrfo{, cfnf]rgfM k|x/L ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
u[xdGqLsf s]/sf/aLr cfTdxTof hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
:jsLo k|of;Ú zLif{s hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;lrj /fvL ;Dk]|lift ;dfrf/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
skf]nslNkt, e|fds, c;f/ #! ut]sf]
clt/~hLt, PskIfLo, lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
JolStut k|lti7f
/ ;fj{{hlgs 5lj
w'ldNofPsf] egL @)*!
h]7 ^ ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
@!# ljsf; l/kf]6;{ g]kfn …ld6/AofhLsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
;'gf/ 86sd rª\u'ndf pld{nfM ;ft ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
nfv C0f lnPsf]df #& hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
nfvsf] kmhL{ sfuh hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
agfOPsf] cf/f]kÚ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
zLif{sdf rl/qxTof c;f/ #! ut]sf]
ug]{ p2]Zon] ;dfrf/ lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
;Dk]|if0f ePsf] egL
@)*! h]7 & ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

126
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@!$ lhtk'/ gofFOltxf; …Sjf6/df tfnf 7f]s]/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
l;d/f pk 86sd tf/] xf]6ndf kfln/x]sf] ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
dxfgu/ 5 hLtk'/ l;d/fn] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
kflnsf gofF xflsdÚ zLif{sdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
df}lns xs xgg x'g] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
/ JolStut hLjgdf c;f/ #! ut]sf]
c;/ k'Ug] ;dfrf/ lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*! h]7 !& ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
@!% sf7df8f}F g]kfnL hgtf …sld;gsf] rSs/df ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
pkTosf 86sd sf7df8f}F pkTosf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
vfg]kfgL vfg]kfgL lnld6]8 hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
lnld6]8 8'afpg]x¿sf] uf]nrSs/ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
-lel8of];lxt_Ú k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
nufotsf zLif{sdf c;f/ #! ut]sf]
e|fds, skf]nslNkt lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
;dfrf/ k|sfzg u/]sf]
egL @)*! h]7 @)
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
@!^ g]kfn l/klAnsf b}lgs …dGqL v'l:sg] ePkl5 ;fdu|L cg'udg ubf{
gful/s 86sd tfdfªnfO{ ufnL, ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
p8\8og efjL dGqLnfO{ …/~h' ;Dk|]if0f eO;s]sf] b]lvPsf]
k|flws/0f 8fln{ËÚ /]Ú zLif{sdf ljifo ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;Dk|]lift e|fds hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;fdu|Ln] dfgxfgL k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
ePsf] egL @)*! h]7 c;f/ #! ut]sf]
@* ut] ph'/L k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
@!& dWo lxdfno 6fOD; w/f;foL aGb} ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
ef]6]sf]zL b}lgs, Olxdfno dWoef]6]sf]zL cfof]hgf, ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
hnljB't 6fOD; 86sd …caf}{F 3f]6fnf n'sfpg hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkssf] rnv]nÚ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
tkm{af6 zLif{sdf e|fds ;fdu|L k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
/fduf]kfn ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] egL c;f/ #! ut]sf]
l;jfsf]6L @)*! h]7 #! ut] lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
ph'/L k/]sf]

127
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@!* ljgfos df]l6e]6Go'h …lqljsf k/LIff lgoGqs ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
l;4 sn]h 86sd hf]zLsf] c:jefljs ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
xs{t, k/LIff s]Gb| hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
ldnfpg df]6f] /sd hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
c;'nLÚ zLif{sdf ;Dk|l] ift k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
e|fds, tYoxLg ;fdu|Ln] c;f/ #! ut]sf]
dfgxfgL ePsf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
@)*! c;f/ @ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
@!( g]kfn sfuhkq 86sd …g]kfn k|x/Lsf cfO{lhkL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
k|x/L, k|wfg a;Gt s'jF/nfO{ avf{:t ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
sfof{no ug]{ tof/LÚ zLif{sdf hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;Dk|]lift e|fds, hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
tYoxLg ;fdu|Ln] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*!
k|x/Lsf] lgi7f / c;f/ #! ut]sf]
;+u7gsf] dfgdb{g lg0f{ofg';f/ tfd]nL
ePsf] egL @)*!
c;f/ @ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
hgu'gf;f]
s|=;++ u'gf;f]stf{÷dfkm{t lj?4 u'gf;f] ljj/0f;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/
! k|wfgdGqL tyf g]kfn kqsf/ …/fli6«o hgfj/ tyf lxGb' o; ljifodf ph'/L tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\ dxf;ª\3, wdf{nlDan] …dftfÚdfGg] :jcg'udgsf] cfwf/df
sfof{no -x]nf] ;'g;/LsfcWoIf ufO tyf uf]?sf] aw @)*) c;f]h @ ut]sf]
;/sf/sf] l6s6 hgsClif ug{ sfg'gn] lgif]w u/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;DalGwt
g+= -HS WEB /fO{ ljifodf sfg'gsf] wHhL kqsf/nfO{ ;r]t
49683) p8fpFb} ufO{÷uf]? sf6]/
u/fO @)*) c;f]h !^
vfPsf] eGb} ;fdflhs
;~hfndf k|rf/÷k|;f/ df lj1lKtdfkm{t cfXjfg
u/]sf] / …uf]? lrGtgÚ ;d]t eO;s]sf] x'Fbf
k':tsdfkm{t ufO{ uf]?sf] @)*) r}t @% ut]sf]
df;' vfg kfpg'kg]{ lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
jsfnt u/]sf]Ú egL btf{
ePsf] hgu'gf;f] @)*)
c;f]h @^ ut] btf{
ePsf]

128
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;++ u'gf;f]stf{÷dfkm{t lj?4 u'gf;f] ljj/0f;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@ k|wfgdGqL tyf eLd eLd pkfWofo gfds @)*) df3 #
dlGqkl/ifb pkfWofosf] km];a's k]hdf ufFhfsf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
sfof{no -x]nf] km];a's k]h kof{Kt cg';Gwfg JolStsf] ;fdflhs
lagf pkof]usf nflu
;/sf/sf] l6s6 b'?T;fxg x'gu] /L ;~hfnaf6 ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
g+= HS WEB km];a'sdf /fVg] sfo{ ljifodf sfplG;nsf]
48503_ u/]sf] egL @)*) If]qleq gkg]{ x'Fbf of]
;fpg #@ df btf{ ePsf hgu'gf;f]af/] cfjZos
hgu'gf;f] sfplG;ndf sfof{y{ g]kfn k|x/L ;fOa/
@)*) c;f]h @^ df
btf{ ePsf] Ao'/f]df k7fO km5\of}{6
# k|wfgdGqL tyf g]kfn kqsf/ g]kfn kqsf/ o; ljifodf g]kfn kqsf/
dlGqkl/ifb\ dxf;ª\3 dxf;ª\3sf] sd{rf/L dxf;ª\3;Fu hfgsf/L dfu
sfof{no -x]nf] s]Gb|Lo 5gf}6df wfFwnL ePsf] ePsf]df …b/vf:t cfXjfg
;/sf/sf] l6s6 sfof{no egL @)*) ;fpg #@ u/L dxf;ª\3sf] cfly{s
g+= HS 8467 df btf{ ePsf] u'gf;f] k|zf;g kbk"lt{ lgod
(48451_ sfplG;ndf @)*) @)^$ cg'¿k ;fem]bf/L
c;f]h @^ ut] btf{ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;d]tsf
ePsf] cg'udgsf cfwf/df 5gf}6
ePsf]Ú egL k]; ePsf]
x'Fbf @)*) r}t ( ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ pSt hfgsf/L
x]nf] ;/sf/df u/fO
km5\of}6
$ k|wfgdGqL tyf cgnfOgva/ …;GbLkn] k]; @)*) k'; % ut]sf]
dlGqkl/ifb\ 86sd u/]sf ;a}h;f] sfuhft lg0f{ofg';f/ ;DalGwt
sfof{no -x]nf] z+sf:kb, cfhb]lv ldl8ofnfO{ cbfntdf
;/sf/sf] l6s6 ;'gj' fO x'gÚ] zLif{sdf ljrf/fwLg ljifodf ;fdu|L
g+= HS WEB cbfntdf ;'gj' fO{ ;Dk|]if0f gug{÷gu/fpgtkm{
(49647_ x'guO/x]sf] d'2fsf ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
ljifodf ;dfrf/ n]vs ] f]
egL @)*) c;f]h !@
btf{ ePsf] hgu'gf;f]
sfplG;ndf @)*)
c;f]h @^ df btf{ ePsf]

129
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;++ u'gf;f]stf{÷dfkm{t lj?4 u'gf;f] ljj/0f;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

% k|wfgdGqL tyf lbg]zva/ …;'b"/klZrddf *=^ @)*) k'; %
dlGqkl/ifb\ 86sdsf] DoflUgRo'8sf] e"sDk ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
sfof{no -x]nf] km];a's k]h uP !^ xhf/ a9Lsf] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;r]t
d[To' x'g] cg'dfgÚ
;/sf/sf] l6s6 zLif{sdf cfd dflg;df u/fO ;~rf/ ;~rf/ tyf
g+= HS WEB e|d k}bf ug]{ u/L ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfnonfO{
(54916_ 8/, qf; km}nfpg] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] x"Fbf
lsl;dsf] ;fdu|L @)*!÷)#÷#! ut]sf]
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) sflQs @# ut]
btf{ ePsf] hgu'gf;f]
@)*) sflQs @$ ut]
sfplG;ndf btf{ ePsf]
^ k|wfgdGqL tyf s'g ;~rf/ sltko cgnfOg s'g s'g ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
dGqLkl/ifb\ dfWod :ki6 ;~rf/ dfWodn] To:tf ljifo x'g uPsf
sfof{no -x]nf] gv'n]sf] cfkm"v';L sfof{nosf] x'g :ki6 gv'n]sf] / yk
;/sf/_, l6s6 gfd /fv]/ Pp6f kf]:6/ cfwf/ k|df0fx¿ klg
g+= HS-WEB l8hfOg u/]/ cfkm" gb]lvPsf] ;Gbe{df @)*)
(47569) v';L hfgsf/Ld"ns r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
;"rgf cgnfOg o:tf k|j[lQsf af/]df k|];
k|sfzg ug]{ / lj1fkg lj1lKtdfkm{t ;hu u/fpg]
jfktsf] e'StfgL u/L km5\of{{}6
dfUg] u/]sf] egL
@)*) ;fpg !&
ut] u'gf;f] k/]sf] /
sfplG;ndf @)*)
c;f]h @^ ut]
btf{ ePsf]

130
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;++ u'gf;f]stf{÷dfkm{t lj?4 u'gf;f] ljj/0f;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

& k|wfgdGqL tyf 1fg]Zj/ …kqsf/ atfpg] t/ ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f
dGqLkl/ifb\ ;xfgL kqsfl/tf k];fdf ljefu;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]
sfof{no -x]nf] slxn], sxLFst} cfa4 x'Fbf ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f
;/sf/, l6s6 gePsf JolQmn] ljefunfO{ cfjZos sfof{y{
g+= HS WEB gjnk/f;L klZrdsf k7fOPsf] ljifo @)*)
47544_ ljleGg k|x/L rf}sL r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
dfk{mt lhNnf tyf k|x/L clws[tx¿ km5\of}{6
k|x/L sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ of] jf Tof]
gjnk/f;L axfgfdf Anfsd]n
ug{], u/]sf] egL x]nf]
;/sf/df @)*) ;fpg
( df btf{ ePsf] ph'/L
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no
gjnk/f;Ldfkm{t
@)*) ;fpg !* ut]
btf{ ePsf]
* k|wfgdGqL tyf sdnfdfO{ ;nf{xL lhNnfnfO{ ;DalGwt ldl8of;Fu
dGqLkl/ifb\ va/ 86sd cfwf/ agfO kqsfl/tf :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]sf]df
sfof{no -x]nf] ub{} cfO/x]sf @ hgf k]; ePsf] :ki6Ls/0f
;/sf/, l6s6 kqsf/n] Odfgbf/ ;DaGwdf @)*)
g+= HS (WEB- /fi6«;]js k|x/L lghfdtL r}t ( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
45206) sd{rf/Lx¿sf] lj?4df ;DalGwt ;~rf/
em'6f] skf]nslNkt dfWodnfO{ ;r]t u/fO
PskIfLo ;dfrf/ pSt ljifo x]nf];/sf/df
agfO rl/qxTof ug{] hfgsf/L u/fO km5\of}{6
u/]sf] egL @)*) h]7
@( ut]sf] u'gf;f],
sfplG;ndf @)*)
c;f]h @^ ut] btf{

131
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

@)&(÷*) df btf{ eO k|ls|ofdf /x]sf ph'/L @)*)÷*! df km5\of}{6 ePsf] ljj/0f

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/
! sf7df8f}F lxdfno l6eL …cfˆgfnfO{ kf]:g] ;~rf/ dfWodfaf6 k|fKt
dxfgu/kflnsf / g]kfn afn]gsf] gLlt, ?l6g v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
d]o/ afn]Gb| zfx ;dfrf/kq ckm g]kfn aGbnfO{ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
! s/f]8, lgjf{rgfdf u/fOPsf] / @)&( sflQs
afn]Gb|nfO{ ;3fpg] $ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
?l6g ckm g]kfn b'j}kIfnfO{ 5nkmndf
aGbnfO{ dxfgu/sf] Ps af]nfOPsf]df cfkm" cfpg
s/f]8Ú zLif{s /fvL e'm7f g;Sg] egL k|ltls|of
;dfrf/ k|sflzt u/L hgfPsf] x'Fbf @)*! c;f/
xfd|f] OHht, k|lti7fdf #! ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/
cfFr k'¥ofPsf] egL km5\of}{6
@)&( ;fpg # ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
@ sNkgf tfdfª ljleGg …kmnfdsf] u'RrfnfP/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
ldl8ofx¿ of}g lx+;f u/]sf] k|fKt hjfkm ;DaGwdf
cf/f]kl5 cˆ7\of/f] dfGb} @)*! c;f/ @% ut]sf
af]n] km'jf{ . efjgfnfO{ lg0f{ofg';f/ cfufdL lbgdf
k'k{Ifsf] nflu h]nÚ ;a} kIfsf] egfOnfO{ :yfg
zLif{sdf 36gfsf] ;To lbg / ;fdu|L ;Gt'ngdf
tYo ga'emL rl/qxTof Vofn ug]{tkm{ ;r]t u/fO
x'g] lsl;dn] ;fdu|L km5\of}{6
;Dk|]if0f ePsf] egL
@)&( ;fpg * ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
# /fdaxfb'/ yfkf l/kf]6{;g]kfn …bfh', efO{ / ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
86sd lbbLsf] 3/sf] nflu ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
cfjthfjtsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
rngrNtLsf] af6f] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
kfOn6n] /f]s]/ k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
cfsfzaf6 p8]/ hfg'kg{] df3 # ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
agfpg vf]h]kl5Ú zLif{s km5\of}{6
/fvL rl/qxTof Pj+
cbfntsf] lg0f{odf
k|efj kg{ ;Sg] u/L
em'7f ;fdu|L ;fdflhs
;~hfndf km}nfPsf]
egL @)&( ;fpg !!
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

132
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

$ clVtof/ ?l6gckm lj1fkg ubf{ Psbd} w]/} ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg g]kfn aGb k};f lng] u/]sf], lan :ki6Ls/0f ;DaGwdf
cfof]uaf6 k|fKt s;}nfO{ klg glbg], @)*) c;f/ @%
kq JolStut vftfaf6 ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ s/
sf/f]af/ ug]{ u/]sf] s/ tyf /fh:j;Fu ;DalGwt
glt/L sf/f]jf/ ubf{ ljifo ePsf]n] ph'/Lsf]
;a}nfO{ e|i6frf/lt/ 5fofFk|lt;lxt /fh:j
pGd'v ub}{5 egL @)&( cg';Gwfg ljefudf
c;f/ & ut] sf/afxLsf] k7fOPsf] x'Fbf @)*! c;f/
nflu k|fKt kq #! ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}{6
% k|]d l;+x wfdL ;u/dfyf …jl/i7 clwjQmf af/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
l6eL k"j{cWoIf bfxfnnfO{ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
x'08L sf/f]af/Lsf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
cleof]u, vf]n] vf; k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
jf:tljstfÚ zLif{sdf k'; $ ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
k|;fl/t ;fdu|Ln] dfg, ;~rf/ dfWod tyf
dof{bf, / Jo;fflos kqsf/nfO{ ;r]t /
k|lti7fdf c;/ kf/]sf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
egL @)&( ;fpg !& u/fO km5\of}{6
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
^ k//fi6« dGqfno, /fh' nfdf, ;fs{ hgf{lni6 kmf]/d sDkgL
;~rf/ tyf ;fs{ hgf{lni6 gfd pNn]v u/L /lhi6|f/ sfof{noaf6 k|fKt
;"rgf k|ljlw kmf]/d ;+j]bgzLn ljifodf /fo;lxtsf] hjfkmsf
dGqfnoaf6 Press Statement cfwf/df @)*! c;f/ #!
k|fKt lgj]bg hf/L u/]sf] / pSt ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
gfdsf] ;+:yf ;fs{ dGqfnodfkm{t k//fi6|
/ ;fs{ ;lrjfnodf dGqfnodf ;'emfj;lxt
st}klg btf{ cg'alGwt hfgsf/L u/fO km5\of}{6
gu/L÷geO cglws[t /
unt tj/n] SAARC
gfdsf] b'¿kof]u
ug]{h:tf] u}/sfg'gL sfd
u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf
cfwf/df @)&( ;fpg
!# ut] dGqfnodfkm{t
kq k|fKt

133
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

& hubLz j}B k|f/De l6eL …pkrf/sf gfddf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
7uL / of}gb'/frf/Ú ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;dfrf/ ;DaGwdf ph'/Lstf{af6 k|ltls|of
cbfntaf6 ;d]t ;kmfO{ gcfPkl5 @)*! c;f/ #!
kfO;s]sf]df xfn;Ddklg ut]]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;fdu|L gx6fPsf] egL
@)&( ebf} !@ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
* ;f]gL /f0ff PkLjfg l6eL …d gf/LÚ sfo{sddf ;DalGwt lgsfo / ;~rf/
g]kfndf h]6 ljdfg dfWodaf6 k|fKt hjfkmsf
p8fg ug{] klxnf] dlxnf cfwf/df @)*! c;f/ %
kfOn6 egL c¿ s'g} ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;fdu|L
dlxnf kfOn6nfO{ x6fpg kqfrf/ ePsf]df
;dfj]; u/L sfo{s|ddf ;fdu|L x6]sf] kfOPsf]n]
k|:t't u/]sf] egL @)*! c;f/ #! ut]sf]
@)&( ebf} !( ut] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ph'/L k/]sf]]
( elSts'df/L e6\6 PleGo'h afnaflnsflarsf] @)*! c;f/ % ut]sf]
6]lnlehg cfk;L uf]Ko ;+jfbsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cfufdL lbgdf
ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;dfrf/ sfplG;naf6 ePsf
k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ePsf] kqfrf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ /
egL @)&( ebf} @* cfrf/;+lxtf k|lts"n ;fdu|L
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] ;Dk|]if0f gug{÷gu/fpg
;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
!) r'8fd0fL u'/fufO{ hgtf x'Fb} gePsf] s'/f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
/ hgfb{gk|;fb cleofg pNn]v u/L em'7f v08;lxtsf] hjfkm
d]xtf 86sd a]xf]/fsf] ;dfrf/ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
@)&( ebf} @( ut] gcfPkl5 @)*! kmfu'g !)
ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf]] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

134
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!! :yfgLo dl6xfgL sdn]z d08n :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf @)*) kmfu'g !^ ut]sf]
af;Lx¿ cfkm"nfO{ ;xof]u lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/ dfWod
gu/]sf] egL dl6xfgLsf / ;~rf/sdL{nfO{ ;r]t
:yfgLox¿sf] dfgdf u/fO km5\of}{6
c;/ kfg]{ ;dfrf/
PstkmL{ ¿kdf k|;f/0f
u/]sf] egL @)&(
c;f]h ( ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!@ sNkgf tfdfª u'8l6eL g]kfn …kmnfdsf] u'RrfnfP/ ph'/Lstf{af6 v08g /
86sd of}g lx+;f u/]sf] ;dfrf/sf] lnª\s;d]t
cf/f]kl5 cˆ7\of/f] dfGb} pknAw gePsf]n] ldlt
af]n] km'jf{ . efjgfnfO{ @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
k'k{Ifsf] nflu h]nÚ lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
zLif{s /fvL ;To tYo
ga'emL ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL ldlt @)&(
sflt{s # ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!# sNkgf tfdfª gofFz}nL …kmnfdsf] u'RrfnfP/ ph'/Lstf{af6 v08g /
o'6\o'a Rofgn of}g lx+;f u/]sf] ;dfrf/sf] lnª\s;d]t
cf/f]kl5 cˆ7\of/f] dfGb} pknAw gePsf]n] ldlt
af]n] km'jf{ . efjgfnfO{ @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
k'k{Ifsf] nflu h]nÚ lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
zLif{sdf ;To tYo
ga'emL ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL ldlt @)&(
sflt{s # ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]

135
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!$ k'ik nfld5fg] b}lgsL 86sd …lxtaxfb'/ k|fKt hjfkmsf
tfdfªnfO{ of}g cfwf/df ldl8ofnfO{
b'Jo{jxf/df sf/afxL ljz]if cg'udgdf /fvL
ubf{ dfcf]jfbLleq} ;r]t u/fO ldlt @)*)
kLl8t ag]sf g]tfÚ kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
zLif{sdf rl/qxTof x'g] km5\of}{6
u/L unt, e|dk"0f{ /
tYoxLg ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
ePsf] egL ldlt @)&(
sflt{s $ ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
!% /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ljleGg ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
;ldlt ldl8ofx¿ ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L ljleGg lg0f{ofg';f/ ldl8ofnfO{
ldl8ofn] u|fxs gagL Wofgfsif{0f Pj+ ;r]t u/fO
x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf] km5\of}{6
egL @)&( k'; !# ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!^ /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ljleGg ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
;ldlt ldl8ofx¿ ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L ljleGg lg0f{ofg';f/ ldl8ofnfO{
ldl8ofn] u|fxs gagL Wofgfsif{0f Pj+ ;r]t u/fO
x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf] km5\of}{6
egL @)&( k'; @) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
!& gf/fo0fL oftfoft lj/u~haf6 kqsf/sf] gfd g} @)*! c;f/ #! sf]
sfof{nosf k|sflzt tf]sL bz}F vr{ egL lg0f{ofg';f/ ;DalGwt ;+:yf
n]vfkfn x'g] b}lgs, kqsf/sf] gfdfjnL / JolStnfO{ ;r]t u/fO
pk]Gb| ofbjaf6 ;fKtflxs / /sd;d]t tf]sL km5\of}{6
clVtof/df btf{ klqsfsf clVtof/ cg';Gwfg
ePsf] ph'/L k|sfzs, cfof]udf k/]sf]] ph'/L
cfof]udfkm{t ;Dkfbs / @)&( d+l;/ !% ut]
k|fKt ;+jfbbftfx¿ cfjZos sf/afxLsf
nflu egL k|fKt

136
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

!* /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ljleGg ;~rf/ ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
;ldlt dfWod ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L ljleGg lg0f{ofg';f/ ldl8ofnfO{
ldl8ofn] u|fxs gagL Wofgfsif{0f Pj+ ;r]t
x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf] u/fO km5\of}{6 .
egL @)&( kmfu'g #
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
!( ;~rf/ tyf ljleGg ;~rf/ dlb/f, r'/f]6, ;"lt{hGo hg:jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)&%
;"rgf k|ljlw dfWod kbfy{ nufotsf dfgj sf] bkmf $% sf] pkbkmf
dGqfno÷;"rgf :jf:YonfO{ k|lts"n -!_ k|lts"n lj1fkg
tyf k|;f/0f c;/ ug{] lj1fkg k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f gu/fpg
ljefu ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg, ;fj{hlgs cfXjfg u/L
ljt/0f tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ lj1lKt hf/L u/L km5\of}{6
ug{ gkfOg]df To:tf
;fdu|L k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f
u/]sf] egL ph'/L k|fKt
@) Go'h Ph]G;L ljleGg ;~rf/ Go'h Ph]G;L g]kfnn] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
g]kfn dfWod Pj+ pTkfbg u/]sf ;dfrf/ hjfkm ;DaGwdf ldlt
ldl8ofcGtu{t ;fdu|L ljleGg ldl8ofn] @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
g/x]sf u|fxs gagL x'ax' lg0f{ofg';f/ Wofgfsif{0f
j]akf]6{n k|sfzg u/]sf] egL Pj+ ;r]t u/fOPsf] /
@)&( k'; @) ut] cGosf] xsdf b"/;~rf/
ph'/L k/]sf] k|flws/0fdf kqfrf/
ul/Psf] x'Fbf / @)*)
kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg'';f/
km5\of}{6
@! dfof nfdf Uofn]S;L l6eL j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf 7uL k|;fl/t ;fdu|L
u/]sf] ;fdu|L k|;f/0f ldl8ofaf6 x6fO;s]sf]
ePsf] egL @)&( b]lvPsf]n] ldl8ofnfO{ ;r]t
kmfu'g !% ut] ph'/L u/fO @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
k/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

137
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@@ /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ljleGg ;~rf/ ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf
ldl8ofcGtu{t /xL
;ldlt dfWod Pj+ ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L ljleGg
;~rfngdf /x]sf ;~rf/
ldl8ofcGtu{t ldl8ofn] u|fxs gagLdfWodaf6 k|fKt hjfkm
g/x]sf x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf];DaGwdf @)*) kmfu'g !^
j]akf]6{n egL @)&( k'; @) ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ Wofgfsif{0f
ph'/L k/]sf] Pj+ ;r]t u/fOPsf] /
cGosf] xsdf b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0fdf df kqfrf/ u/L
km5\of}{6
@# z}n]z yfkf cgnfOg ljleGg ldltdf ph'/Lstf{af6 k]; ePsf]
g]kfn 86sd ljleGg zLif{s v08gnfO{ ldl8ofn] :yfg
/fvL ;z:q k|x/L an lbO{ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] t/ yk
g]kfn / ;z:q k|x/L ;dfrf/x¿ klg k|sfzg
dxflg/LIfsHo" ;d]tsf u/]sf] egL k'gMph'/L kg{
laifodf k6s–k6s cfPsf] ;DaGwdf ldlt
tYolxg, e|fds P+j @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
skf]slNkt ;dfrf/ lg0f{ofg';f/ ph'/Lstf{af6
k|sflzt u/]sf] egL k]; ePsf] k|ltls|ofnfO{
@)&( kmfu'g !% ut] :yfg lbg lgb]{zg lbO
ph'/L k/]sf] km5\of}{6
@$ Go'h Ph]G;L ljleGg ;~rf/ Go'h Ph]G;L g]kfnn] ldl8ofcGtu{t /xL
g]kfn dfWod Pj+ pTkfbg u/]sf ;dfrf/ ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;~rf/
ldl8ofcGtu{t ;fdu|L ljleGg ldl8ofn] dfWodaf6 k|fKt hjfkm
g/x]sf u|fxs gagL x'ax' ;DaGwdf ldlt @)*)
j]akf]6{n k|sfzg u/]sf] egL kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
@)&( kmfu'g #) ut] Wofgfsif{0f Pj+ ;r]t
ph'/L k/]sf] u/fOPsf] / ldl8ofcGtu{t
g/xL ;~rfngdf
ePsf] xsdf b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0fdf kqfrf/ u/L
km5\of}{6
@% l;G;Lo/ ;xsf/L hgcf:yf ;+:yfnfO{ cfFr cfpg], ;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Lsf
86sd e|fds, em'7f / c;To ;DaGwdf ph'/Lstf{af6
va/ k|sfzg u/]sf] v08g gcfPsf]n] @)*)
egL @)&( kmfu'g @# kmfu'g !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] km5\of}{6

138
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

@^ Pg=cfO=;L cgnfO{gkfgf ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodn] v08g
Pl;of a}ª\s 86sd zLif{s /fvL ;Dk|]lift ;Dk|]if0f u/L sfplG;nfO{
;dfrf/n] Jofj;flos hfgsf/L u/fPsf] ;fy}
;fv lu/fpg] / o; ljifodf cbfntdf
sd{rf/Lsf] rl/qxTof ;d]t d'2f ljrf/fwLg
x'g] u/L ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f /x]sf]n] @)*! c;f/ % sf]
u/]sf] egL @)&( lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
kmfu'g #) ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
@& /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ljleGg ;~rf/ ;ldltn] pTkfbg u/]sf @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
;ldlt dfWod ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L ljleGg lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
ldl8ofn] u|fxs gagL dfWodnfO{ Wofgfsif{0f Pj+
x'ax' k|sfzg u/]sf] ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
egL @)&( k'; @) ut]
btf{ ePsf] ph'/L
@* 8f= lg/~hgdfg ljleGg ;~rf/ em'6f] ;dfrf/ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
l;+x a:Goft dfWod k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f u/L ph'/L k|ls|of gk'u]sfn]
dfgxfgL u/]sf] egL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
@)&( kmfu'g @$ ut] u/fOPsf]df ph'/Lstf{af6
ph'/L k/]sf] jlsn;Fu ;Nnfx ul//x]sf]
cufl8 a9\g] ga9\g] yk
;Nnfx u/L hfgsf/L
u/fpg] elgP klg
k|ls|of k"/f gu/]sf] x'Fbf
@)*) kmfu'g !^ ut]sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@( h]gL >]i7 Go'h @$ l6eL tYoxLg ljj/0f /fvL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
lel8of] ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f k]; ePsf] hjfkm
ePsf] egL @)&( r}t ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
@* ut] ph'/L k/]sf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of k];
gePsf]n] @)*) df3 # sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6

139
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

#) p4jl;+x ef6 b[li6Go'h …l8P;kL p¢jl;+xsf] ldl8ofaf6 k|fKt
86sd sdfp wGbfÚ zLif{sdf v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
tYoxLg / skf]nslNkt ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
ljj/0f ;dfj]z u/L u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
k|x/LnfO{ Anfsd]n k]; gePsf]n] ldlt
ul/Psf] egL @)*) @)*)÷!)÷)# ut]sf]
j}zfv # ut] ph'/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
k/]sf]
#! z}n]z ld> df]l6e]6Go'h …PO{;L;L Unf]ann] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
86sd slxNo} ltb}{g /fHonfO{
;Dk|i] f0f u/L k]; ePsf]
s/, eG5 xfdLnfO{ hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
s;}n] 5'g ;Sb}gÚ hfgsf/L u/fpFb} hjfkmdf
zLif{sdf unt, tYoxLg p7fOPsf ljifodf yk
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f cWoog cg'udgsf nflu
ub}{ afu]{lgª ug]{ tyf
ph'/Lstf{ sDkgL;Fu
wDsL lbg] h:tf s/;DaGwL sfuhft dfu
ls|ofsnfk;d]t u/]sf] u/L kqfrf/ ul/Psf]df dfu
egL @)*) j}zfv !! ul/Padf]lhd k"/f sfuhft
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] k]; gePsf] x'bF f @)*! c;f/
% sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}6{
#@ /fli6«o ;ts{tf cgnfOgva/ kqsf/n] a}ª\s 7ul;t @)*! c;f/ % sf]
s]Gb| 86sd ANofSd]lnª u/L lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
clgoldttf u/]sf] eGg] dfWodnfO{ ;hu
a]xf]/f;lxtsf] ph'/Lsf] u/fOPsf]n] @)*! c;f/
5fofFk|lt @)*) j}zfv @* ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
!! ut] k|fKt km5\of}{6
## pld{nf l3ld/] psfnf] 86sd …;DklQ xTofpg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
;Gtfgaf6} 3/leq v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
aGws agfOPsL &$ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
jif{L{of cgGtdfofÚ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of k];
nufotsf zLif{sdf gePsf]n] ldlt @)*)
kl/jf/sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf df3 # ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
rf]6 k'Ug] lsl;daf6 km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
egL @)*) a}zfv @^
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

140
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

#$ dxdb dxa'a Go'h @$ l6eL /fhgLlts k'jf{u|x /fvL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
cnL z]? cfnd tYoxLg, skf]nslNkt ePsf] hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/ em'7f ljj/0f;lxt hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ph'/Lstf{af6 k]; ePsf]
egL @)*) a}zfv @* k|ltls|ofsf ;DaGwdf
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] @)*) ;fpg !! sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
dfWodnfO{ ;r]t u/fOPsf]
#% clVtof/ l;wfs'/f cfof]udf a]gfd] btf{ ;~rf/ dfWod;Fu
b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg 86sd / ePsf] ph'/L ;~rf/ ;DalGwt ljifo /x]sf]
cfof]uaf6 k|fKt ;]tf]kf6L dfWod;Fu ;DalGwt gb]lvPsf]n] ldlt @)*!
lgj]bg 86sd /x]sf] egL cfjZos h]7 % sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
sfof{y{sf] kq @)*) km5\of}{6
h]7 @# ut] btf{ ePsf]
#^ afudtL l6eL >dhLjL u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ efiff o; ljifodf 5nkmn
kqsf/ ;ª\3 k|of]u u/L ;+:yfnfO{ u/L lg0f{o lngsf nflu
Iflt k'¥ofpg] wDsL >dhLjL lxt tyf
lbPsf] egL @)*) h]7 sfg'g pk;ldltdf
!) ut] ph'/L k/]sf] k7fOPsf]n] @)*) h]7 @*
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
#& ;dLsfrL >]i7 b[li6Go'h a]nfotsf] ldlt @)*) kmfu'g
86sd cfjf;Lo le;fsf] !^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
k|nf]egdf e'k"uf]vf{sf ldl8ofnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f
kl/jf/nfO{ 7uL zLif{s ;f]lwPsf]df ldl8ofaf6
/fvL cg'dltlagf kmf]6f] k|fKt :ki6Ls/0fsf
k|of]u ub}{ rl/qxTof ;DaGwdf @)*! c;f/
x'g] lsl;dsf] ;fdu|L #! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;r]t
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL u/fO km5\of}{6
@)*) h]7 @@ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

141
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

#* dlg/fd cjfn hg/Iff d;fh / x]Ny Snasf] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{
86sd gfddf lecfO{kL :kfn] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]lwPsf]df k|fKt
u¥of] afnaflnsfsf] :ki6Ls/0fsf cfwf/df @)*!
k|of]uM :kfsf] gfddf c;f/ #! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
cj}w of}gwGbf rnfpFb} ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
zLif{s /fvL afu]{lgª ub}{
e|fds / e'7f ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL
@)*) h]7 & ut] ph'/L
k/]sf]
#( dlg/fd cjfn xfd|f]cgnfOg …d;fh / x]Ny Snasf] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{
86sd gfddf lecfO{kL :ki6Ls/0f ;f]lwPsf]df k|fKt
:kfn] afnafnlnsfsf] :ki6Ls/0fsf cfwf/df @)*!
k|of]u u/L cj}w c;f/ #! sf] lg0fofg';f/
of}gwGbf rnfpFb}, k|x/L ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6 ug]{
a]va/Ú zLif{s /fvL
afu]{lgª ub}{ e|fds /
e'7f ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
u/]sf] egL @)*) h]7
& ut] ph'/L btf{ ePsf]
$) g]kfnsf nflu lSnsdfG8' …sf}zn6f/df @( j6f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
g]kfnL kf6L{ 86sd 38]/L las|L ub}{ ;LO{ v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
sG:6«S;g, k|ltcfgf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
d'No slt <Ú zLif{s u/fOPsf]df ph'/Lstf{af6
/fvL em'7f ;fdu|L k]; ePsf] k|ltls|of
;Dk|]if0f ePsf] egL ;DaGwdf ldlt @)*!
@)*) h]7 @# ut] c;f/ % sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ph'/L k/]sf] ;fdu|L ;Gt'ngdf ;hutf
ckgfpg]tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f
u/fO km5\of}{6

142
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

$! uf]kfn/fh cgnfOg …a}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
ltldlN;gf, a;Gt g]kfn 86sd sfof{nosf x/]s v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
af]x/f, s[i0fk|;fb zfvfdf 3'; c;'nL, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
e';fn / k|bLk dGqfnosf ;lrj;Dd u/fOPsf]df k]; ePsf]
s'df/ 9sfn efua08f, 3'; c;'Ng k|ltls|ofnfO{ cfwf/ agfO
6\ofS;L r9]/ Dofgkfj/ @)*) c;f/ !( sf]
wfpFb} a}b]lzssf lg0f{ofg';f/ 5nkmnsf] kxn
xflsdx¿, efuj08f x'bF f slxn] Pp6f kIfsf],
;lrj;DdÚ zLif{s slxn] csf]{ kIfsf] ;do ldNg
/fvL kmf]6f] b'¿kof]u g;sL 5nkmnsf] k|aGw x'g
u/L e|fds, tYoxLg g;Sg'sf ;fy} ph'/Lstf{af6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ;d]t kl5Nnf] ;do kxnsbdL
egL @)*) h]7 @# ut]
ePsf] gb]lvPsf]n] @)*! c;f/
ph'/L k/]sf]
#! ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;~rf/
dfWodnfO{ ;r]t u/fO km5\of}6{
$@ /fh' lg/f}nf df]l6e]6Go'h km]sgsf] r'gfj c;f/ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd @# ut], cWoIfsf nflu v08gsf] lnª\s;lxt
b'O{ hgf le8\b} zLif{sdf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
rl/qxTof x'g] u/L em'7f u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ljj/0f /fvL ;fdu|L gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 #
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) c;f/ !) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
$# z+s/ kxf8L, ljleGg ;~rf/sdL{x¿n] ph'/L lgj]bgdf k'li6 x'g]
/d]z clwsf/L / ldl8ofdf cfGbf]ng/t kIf;Fu tYo / k|df0fx¿ gb]lvPsf]
k|]; ;]G6/ g]kfn cfa4 ;dfrf/ n]lvlbG5f}F eGb} x'Fbf @)*! c;f/ #! sf]
;~rf/sdL{ sld;g lnPsf] v'n]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
5 egL @)*) c;f/ $
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
$$ ;'/]Gb|/fh bfxfn hgcf:yf …;asf] cfª l;l/ª\u ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd agfpg] #@ ldg]6 / dGqL hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/ ;'Aafsf] lbdfu 3'dfpg] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
tL ;'Aaf;fx]aÚ zLif{sdf k|ltls|of k]; gePkl5
JolStut rl/qxTof @)*) df3 # ut]sf]
ug]{ u/L ;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ePsf] egL @)*) c;f/
# ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

143
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

$% cho k|wfg 6'l/hd;dfrf/ …eLd]Zj/ dlGb/ u'7Lsf] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd abdf;L, j8f cWoIfsf v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
k|Tof;L cho k|wfgnfO{ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
^ nfv ;xof]uÚ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of k];
zLif{s /fvL JolStut gePkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
rl/qxTof x'g] u/L lg0f{ofg'';f/ km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
egL @)*) h]7 #) ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
$^ ;'ldqf 9sfn km]jfva/ …lax]u/L ci6«]lnof nfG5' ph'/Lstf{n] sf:sL
86sd eGb} $% nfv ‰jfd lhNnf cbfntdf ;d]t
sfuh n]Vg] jlsn lkm/fb÷ph'/L btf{ u/]sf]
ldl8ofdfÚ zLif{s /fvL / pSt ;DaGwdf bfaL
k];fut cfr/0f, dof{bf gk'Ug] egL sf:sL
ljk/Lt sfo{ u/]sf] egL lhNnf cbfntaf6
@)*) h]7 @# ut] cWoog÷cg'udg k|ltj]bg
ph'/L k/]sf] k]; ePsf] cfwf/df @)*!
c;f/ % sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
km5\of}{6
$& nIdLk|;fb l5gf]kmfgf] hUuf bnfn af6 7luFbf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
b]jsf]6f 86sd s}nfnLdf Ps kl/jf/sf] v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
ljrNnL zLif{s /fvL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
skf]nslNkt / em'7f u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/L gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) c;f/ ^ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
$* dWoklZrd o'ucfXjfg efGhf efGhL ;lxt !& ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
ljZjljBfno /fli6«o b}lgs hgfnfO{ pks'nkltn] v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
;f]em} lgo'lSt lbP ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
zLif{s /fvL tYoxLg u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] gcfPsf] x'Fbf @)*) df3 #
egL @)*) h]7 !$ ut] sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
ph'/L k/]sf]

144
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

$( Go'h Ph]G;L ljleGg ;~rf/ Go'h Ph]G;Ln] pTkfbg @)*) kmfu'g !^ sf]
g]kfn dfWod u/]sf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L lg0f{ofg'';f/ Wofgfsif{0f Pj+
ljleGg ldl8ofn] u|fxs ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
gagL x'ax' k|sfzg
u/]sf] egL @)&( k';
@) ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
%) lzj kf}8]n zAb;~rf/ …anfTsf/ cf/f]kL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd l;4afafn] sAhf u/] v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
dlGb/, :yfgLo;Fu eof] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
em8kÚ zLif{s /fvL u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
d'2fnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ u/L lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|i] f0f u/sf]
egL @)*) c;f/ !%
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
%! /]g'sf zfx PleGo'h l6eL PleGo'h 6]lnlehgaf6 ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
k|;fl/t ;fdu|L e|fds hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/ tYoxLg ePsf] egL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
@)*) c;f/ ! ut] ph'/Lstf{af6 k|ltls|of
ph'/L k/]sf] gcfPkl5 @)*) kmfu'g !^
sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
%@ zfGtf a'9fyf]sL g]kfnkm]; …OGe]i6d]G6 a}+ssf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd 8]k'6L l;Oof] 9sfndfly hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
C0fL dlxnfn] nufOg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
ceb| Jojxf/sf] k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 ldlt
cf/f]kÚ zLif{s /fvL @)*) df3 # sf]
cg'dlta]u/ gfd;lxt lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]
egL @)*) c;f/ !%
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
%# e"ld/fh rGb :6f/a'n]l6g @ gful/stf, @ klt, ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
/ cgnfOg @ gfd / @ hGdldlt hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
/]l8of] 86sd agfpg] rGb bDktL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
k|x/L vf]/df zLif{s k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
/fvL rl/qxTof x'g]u/L df3 # sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
skf]slNkt, e|fds km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]
egL @)*) c;f/ @$
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]

145
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

%$ /fdsfhL tfdfª u'8l6eL g]kfn legfh' s/f]8f}F lnP/ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] sf/afxL
86sd -o'6\o'a km/f/ ;fnf;fnLsf] x'n} k|ls|ofkZrft\ @)*! c;f/
Rofgn_ ldl8ofdf kf]v/fsf] #! ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
ufpF g} o;/L 7luP ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;r]t
legfh'af6 zLif{sdf u/fO km5\of}{6
;Dk|]lift ;fdu|Ln]
rl/qxTof ePsf] egL
@)*) c;f/ !& ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
%% sNkgf l3ld/] b}lgsL 86sd e"ld cfof]usf] ;b:on] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;Dk|]if0f
/ uf]/vfkqsf uf]/vfkqsf] clws[t ePsf] v08g ph'/Lstf{nfO{
;+jfbbftf eGb} sd{rf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
lrq ldhf/ wDSofPkl5===…cl8of];lxtÚ k|ltls|of k]; gePsf] /
zLif{sdf ;Dk|]lift ;~rf/sdL{ lrq ldhf/af6
;fdu|L / lrq ldhf/n] k]; ePsf] :ki6Ls/0fsf
cg'dlta]u/ 6]lnkmf]g cfwf/df cfufdL lbgdf
;+jfb /]s8{ u/L ;dfrf/ o:tf] ls|ofsnfk k'g/fj[lQ
k|rf/k|;f/ u/L JolStut eP cfrf/;+lxtfadf]lhd
/ k];fut rl/qxTof u/]sf] sf/afxL x'g]tkm{ ;r]t
egL @)*) c;f/ !( ut] u/fOPsf] x'Fbf @)*! c;f/
ph'/L k/]sf] % sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
%^ ch'{g /fhj+zL gful/s …gfkL zfvf sfof{nosf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
cfjfh 86sd sd{rf/Lsf] ldn]dtf]df hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
x'G5 ;]l6ª #÷# k6s hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
hUuf gfKbf klg unt k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
l/hN6Ú zLif{ssf] df3 # sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
skf]nslNkt tyf km5\of}{6
e|fds ;fdu|Ln]
dfgxfgL ePsf] egL
@)*) c;f/ @( ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

146
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

%& ;Gtf]if kf}8]n of]xf] l6eL …jL/ c:ktfndf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
lgb]{zssf] bfbflu/L, hjfkm ph'/Lstf{nfO{
dg{ afWo aGb} hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]df
la/fdL, kfFrj6f k|ltls|of gcfPkl5 @)*)
d'2f s/f]8f}+ 3f]6fnfÚ df3 # sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
zLif{ssf]skf]slNkt, km5\of}{6
e|fds / tYoxLg
;fdu|Ln] JolStut Pj+
;+:yfut rl/qxTof
u/]sf] egL @)*) c;f/
!& ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
%* tf/f a/fn ;g/fOhva/ em'7f bfaLx¿nfO{ ;Rrf ph'/Lstf{af6 ;~rf/
86sd / e/kbf]¿{ kdf ;Dk|]if0f dfWoddf v08g k];
u/]sf] egL ldlt @)*) gePsf] / pSt ;~rf/
c;f/ #! ut] ph'/L dfWod sfnf];"rLdf ;d]t
k/]sf] /x]sf] x'Fbf @)*) c;f/ %
ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
%( ;f}/es'df/ h}g /fli6«o …dw]z k|b]zdf df}nfof] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
;xf/f b}lgs, x'08L sf/f]af/, x'08L v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
rGb|;"o{jf0fL sf/f]af/df ;Gtf]if h}g ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
86sd k'gM ;ls|oÚ zLif{s /fvL u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of k];
ldYof ;dfrf/ agfO gePkl5 )*) df3 # sf]
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) c;f/ #! ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]
^) vlNt k|f=nL= ladfkf]i6 …l8lh6n jfn]6 ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd vNtLdfkm{t r'lxof] v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
k|of]ustf{sf] 8f6f, t];|f] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
kIfnfO{ x:tfGt/0fsf] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
cfzª\sfÚ zLif{s /fvL gcfPkl5 )*) df3 # sf]
tYoxLg, e|fds / em'7f lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/sf]
egL @)*) df3 ^ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

147
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

^! 8f= ljhos'df/ b}lgsL 86sd …k};f ;fk6L÷C0f ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
kf}8]n lnG5g\ t/ lkmtf{ lbFb}gg\ ;Dk|]if0f u/L k]; ePsf]
;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
pkdxf;lrj kf}8]n ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
zLif{sÚ /fvL kmf]6f];d]t u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of k];
k|of]u u/L dfgdb{g / gePkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
;fj{hlgs 5ljdf xfgL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
k'Ug] lsl;dn] ;fdu|L
;Dk|]if0f ePsf] egL
@)*) df3 * ut]
ph'/L btf{ ePsf]
^@ dx]zs'df/ ofbj b g]kfn6s nIdLgf/fo0f sf}zNof ldl8ofcGtu{t /xL
86sd hgtf :s'n lzIfssf] ;~rfngdf g/x]sf] ;fy}
bfbflu/L, kqsf/ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf
ofbjnfO{ wDsL zLif{s k|lts"n x'g] lsl;daf6
/fvL dfgdb{g x'g] u/L ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ePsf]n] @)*) df3 #
egL @)*) c;f/ !) sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ b"/;~rf/
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] k|flws/0fdf kqfrf/ u/L
km5\of}{6
^# 8f= cf/h' /f0ff cfly{s b}lgs …gSsnL e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{
b]pjf 86sd k|s/0fdf cf/h' / :ki6Ls/0f ;f]lwPsf]df
l;6f}nfnfO{ ks|fp ug{ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k];
u[xdGqL >]i7sf] lgb]{zgÚ ePsf] :ki6Ls/0f
zLif{sdf tYoxLg, ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
e|fds ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
u/]sf] egL @)*) c;f/ gcfPkl5 @)*) ;fpg #)
!! ut] ph'/L k/]sf] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
^$ ls/0f b]phf b}lgs …afx|la;] gu/ lzIff ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
Go'hkf]i6 k|d'v ldl3/]sf] Hofblt, v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
86sd gu/k|d'v a:g]t lg/LxÚ ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
zLif{sdf sfNklgs / u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
dgu9Gt] s'/f n]lv gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
rl/qxTof u/]sf] egL lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) c;f/ @^ ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

148
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/Lsf] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/

^% l;tf/fd v8\sf, k|fOd6fOD; JolStut / ;fdflhs ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
/fh]Gb| zfSo l6eL k|lti7fdf rf]6 k'Ug] u/Lv08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
egL @)*) c;f/ @^ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ut] ph'/L k/]sf] gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
^^ o'j/fh vltj8f l;6Ljfg ;To tYo ga'emL ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
l6eL / ;kmn PskIfLo ;fdu|L v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
cfjfh 86sd ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
@)*) c;f/ @^ ut] u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ph'/L k/]sf]] gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
^& /d]zs'df/ rGb sf7df8f}+kf6L …;'b'/klZrd ;/sf/n] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd, NofPsf] ah]6 ljjflbtM v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
dx]Gb|gu/kf]i6 cf/h'sf] 3/ dd{tsf ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
86sd nflu !) nfv u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
ljlgof]hgÚ zLif{s /fvL gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 # sf]
tYoxLg / skf]nslNkt lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf
egL @)*) c;f/ @&
ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
^* hfg'sf /fO{ xfd|f]cgnfOg …cfdfsf] pkrf/sf nflu ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|fKt
86sd k};f af]s]/ ;fyL km/f/, v08g;lxtsf] hjfkm
kLl8tn] u/] sf]l/ofaf6 ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
l;w} ;Dks{Ú zLif{s /fvL u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
hfgsf/Llag} PskIfLo gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 #
tYoxLg ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
u/sf] egL @)*) c;f/
#! ut] ph'/L k/]sf]
^( Ifdfb]jL u|'k lta|va/ …Ifdfb]jL u|'ksf] cj}w ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 v08g
-/fh' a:g]t_ 86sd wGbf M clVtof/df k/]sf] ;Dk|]if0f eO;s]sf] egL
ph'/L kmfOn d]6fpg ph'/Lstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L
a:g]tsf] rnv]nÚ u/fOPsf]df k|ltls|of
zLif{sdf e|fds ;fdu|L gcfPkl5 @)*) df3 #
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] egL ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km5\of}{6
@)*) h]7 !* ut]
ph'/L k/]sf]

149
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

@)&(÷*) df btf{ eO k|ls|ofdf /x]sf hgu'gf;f] @)*)÷*! df km5\of}{6 ePsf] ljj/0f

s|=;+= u'gf;f]stf{÷dfkm{t lj?4 u'gf;f]] ljj/0f–;f/ lg0f{osf] ;f/
! g]kfn ;/sf/, z'ef/De dw]z k|b]zsf] k;f{ lhNnfdf @)*) r}t @%
k|wfgdGqL tyf b}lgs klqsf z'e cf/De gfd u/]sf] Ps ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] klqsfn] cg]s syf a'g]/ kqsf/sf] k];fut
sfof{no -x]nf] k|x/L ;+u7gsf] 5ljdfly cfr/0fljkl/t sfo{
;/sf/_ cfFr cfpg] h:tf ultljlw x'g glbg / kqsf/
u/L ANofsd]lnª ug]{ u/]sf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
egL x]nf] ;/sf/df btf{ kl/kfngfdf ;hutf
ePsf] hgu'gf;f] @)*) h]7 ckgfpg ;DalGwt
!! ut] sfplG;ndf btf{ ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{
ePsf] ;r]t u/fO km5\of}{6
@ g]kfn ;/sf/, b sf7df8f} b'O{ lbgdf b'O{ km/s @)*! c;f/ #!
k|wfgdGqL tyf kf]i6 86sd ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsfn] ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] / OsflGtk'/ gful/ssf] ;xL ;"rgf kfpg] pSt ;Gbe{df
sfof{no -x]nf] 86sd clwsf/ / ldl8ofaf6 ;xL k|wfgdGqLsf] :ki6
;/sf/_ ;dfrf/ k|sfzg ePsf] egfO ljleGg ;~rf/
x'Fbf sf/afxL ul/kfpFm egL dfWoddf cfO;s]sf]
@)*) c;f/ ! ut] x]nf] x'Fbf gf]l6;df /fvL
;/sf/df k/]sf] hgu'gf;f] ;DalGwt ;~rf/
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dfWodnfO{ Wofgfsif{0f
dGqfnodfkm{t @)*) c;f/ u/fO km5\of}{6
^ ut] sfplG;ndf btf{
ePsf]

@)*)÷*! df k|ls|ofdf /x]sf ph'/L ljj/0f

s|=;++ ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++
! lbjfs/ cu|jfn /ª\unLck8]6 km];a's k]h @)*)÷)$÷!! !)
@ /fdaxfb'/ tfdfª vKt8 l6eL @)*)÷)$÷@^ @)
# lgn]z rf}w/L hglgsf; 86sd @)*)÷)$÷!^ $%
$ k|ef yfkf cvaf/cgnfOg 86sd @)*)÷)$÷#@ #%
% a'l4dfg lnDa' u'8l6eL 86sd @)*)÷)$÷)& $&
PS6«fg]kfn, tfhfva/
^ afnfh' %% @)*)÷)%÷!) %#
86sd nufot

150
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;++ ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++

lj/]Gb|s'df/ 7fs'/ -d'Vo
& GofofwLjStfsf] sfof{no, ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷)%÷!# %&
dw]z k|b]z_
* zf]e sfsL{ /fhwfgL8]nL 86sd @)*)÷)%÷!) ^)
( clgn n'OF6]n k|fOd6fOD; l6eL @)*)÷)%÷!) ^%
!) /d]z a8' ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷)%÷@^ *$
!! 1fgaxfb'/ zfxL lgtLGo'h 86sd @)*)÷)%÷!& *%
!@ efjgf 9sfn lwtfn ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷)%÷@& *^
!# w'a{ l/hfn / sGrg Gof}kfg] g]kfncfh 86sd @)*)÷)$÷@( *&
!$ hfjnfv]n #* :6fncgnfOg l6eL @)*)÷)%÷@$ (!
g]kfn j}b]lzs /f]huf/
!% kqsf/ s[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL @)*)÷)%÷!* (#
Joj;foL ;ª\3
lahl6eL,
!^ d]g'sf a:g]t sfsL{ vf]hcgnfOgl6eL o'6\o'a @)*)÷)^÷!* (&
Rofgn
!&/0faxfb'/ rGb :6f/cgnfOg l6eL Rofgn @)*)÷)^÷@% !)!
/fdz/0f b'nfn / sNkgf
!* 8fo/LPS;k|]; ;f= @)*)÷)^÷!& !)*
9'+u]n
!( ;'lgn vqL sf]NxaLGo'h 86sd @)*)÷)^÷@# !!)
/fhs'df/ bfxfnaf6 k|fKt pdfgf/fo0f ldl8of
@) @)*)÷)^÷@^ !!!
ph'/L o'6\o'a Rofgn
lau'nGo'h, v]ns'bd~h
@! xfd|f] v]bs'b 86sd !!#
86sd
gful/skq 86sd,
@@ /d]z 7s'/L @)*)÷)^÷!) !!^
jN8{b}lgs 86sd
pkTosf Joj:yfkg tyf
@# g]kfncfh 86sd @)*)÷)^÷@@ !!*
;xof]u ;ª\3if{ ;ldlt
@$ tf/f a/fn :6f/cgnfOg l6eL @)*)÷)^÷!& !@)
g]kfn j}b]lzs /f]huf/
@% s[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL @)*)÷)^÷)( !@@
Jofj;foL ;ª\3
@^ ljsNk rf}nfufO{ P;s]ld;gldl8of 86sd @)*)÷)^÷!% !@$
@& ;Dkbfk|]dL ;dfh g]kfn g]kfncfh 86sd @)*)÷)&÷!@ !@(
@* lw/]Gb| emf kqsf/ cledGo" k6]n @)*)÷)&÷!% !#@
@( dx]z a:g]tsf] ;lrjfno :6f/cgnfOg l6eL @)*)÷)&÷@! !##

151
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;++ ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++

sflGtk'/ b}lgs, sflGtk'/
#) PkmPgh] sf7df8f}F @)*)÷)7÷@@ !#$
l6eL, OsflGtk'/
Go'h@$ 6]lnlehg /
#! ;'?h' b]jL @)*)÷)&÷@$ !#*
o;sf kqsf/
#@ /fdrGb| bf; klAnsva/24 86sd @)*)÷)&÷@$ !$!
## ;Gtf]if ;fx b g]kfn6k 86sd @)*)÷)*÷)^ !$$
#$ /df sfsL{ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷)*÷@* !$(
#% l6sf of]uL kl/jt{g ldl8of @)*)÷)*÷@^ !%*
#^ kfFry/ #% aifL{o dlxnf b[ZocgnfOg 86sd @)*)÷)*÷@* !^!
psfnf] 86sd /
#& 8f= Nxf/Sofn nfdf @)*)÷)*÷@( !^$
:k];kmf]/s] l6eL
#* z}n]z af:sf]6f lbof]kf]i6 86sd @)*)÷)*÷@( !^(
#( ;fOa/ Ao'/f]af6 k|fKt kq kl/jt{g ldl8of @)*)÷)(÷@^ !&!
$) aGgLu8L ufpFkflnsf klZrd/}jf/ 86sd @)*)÷)(÷@@ 182
$! gf/fo0fk|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfnkm]; 86sd @)*)÷)(÷@^ 186
$@ cleofg l8lh6n jN8{ k|f=ln ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷)(÷@$ !*$
$# k|sfzrGb| uf}td /fhwfgL b}lgs @)*)÷)(÷)* !(@
$$ /d]z u}/] ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!)÷)@ !(#
$% Odfd ldofF 7s'/fO{ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!)÷)( !((
$^ /fd zfx df]l6e]6Go'h 86sd @)*)÷!)÷!& @)@
$& dfgk|;fb a'9f vf]htnf;Go'h 86sd @)*)÷!)÷!) @)%
$* afnd's'Gb emf ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!!÷)* @!^
$( ;+lutfs'df/L an ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!!÷)* @!&
%) k|lbk clwsf/L÷/d]z kf}8]n psfnf] 86sd @)*)÷!!÷)* @!(
%! km/jf8{ dfOs|f] kmfOgfG; P;l6kLva/sf] k]h @)*)÷!!÷!$ @@#
%@ zf]ef kf7snufot ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!!÷@) @@*
%# /fhlszf]/ zfx t]nL b klAns 6'8] b}lgs @)*)÷!!÷!* @@(
%$ uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf Onfsfva/ 86sd @)*)÷!!÷!* @#@
%% g]kfn lrlsT;s ;ª\3 d]lrsfnLva/ 86sd @)*)÷!@÷)% @#(
%^ af;'b]j wfdL P;l6P; l6eL / l6eL 6'8] @)*)÷!@÷)% @$)
%& ;fg g]kfn cfhsf] Go'h @)*)÷!@÷)% @$!
%* dxf/fhu~h $# ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!@÷)^ @$@
%( /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u /fhwfgLk|]; 86sd @)*)÷!@÷!^ @$* s

152
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;++ ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++

^) 8f= /f];gk|;fb ;fx snjf/ Anfi66fOD; b}lgs @)*)÷!@÷!( @$(
^! s]zak|;fb clwsf/L ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!@÷!( @%)
^@ lglstf kf}8]n ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!@÷@# @%#
Ho]ltlzj ;]jf s]Gb|,
^# ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!@÷@% @%$
dfwjk|;fb kf]v/]n
^$ tf/f a/fn ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*)÷!@÷!* @%*
^% ;'jf; af]x/f ;]tf]v/L 86sd @)*!÷)!÷)@ @^)
^^ a]gfd] ph'/L cª\skq 86sd @)*!÷)!÷)^ @^!
^& /fd]Zj/ yfkf l;wfs'/f 86sd @)*!÷)!÷!$ @^&
^* s}nfz l;/f]lxof l;wfs'/f 86sd @)*!÷)!÷!^ @^*
cfª afa' /fO{ / ljgf]bdl0f /fhwfgL b}lgs /
^( @)*!÷)!÷@) @&)
/fO{ /fhwfgL8]nL 86sd
&) u0f]zs'df/ ofbj hf;';va/ 86sd @)*!÷)!÷@# @&!
&! jf]w/fh l3ld/] of]xf] l6eL @)*!÷)!÷@% @&^
;"o{Hof]lt nfOkm OG:of]/]G;
&@ l6eLcGgk"0f{ 86sd @)*!÷)!÷@* @&*
d]3]Gb|k|sfz lu/L
&# clVtof/af6 k|fKt ph'/L cj]w]zs'df/ emf @)*!÷)!÷!# s
&$ clVtof/af6 k|fKt ph'/L ltnfrg kf08] @)*!÷)!÷@& v
&% clVtof/af6 k|fKt ph'/L >Ls[i0f l;Ub]n :ofªhf @)*!÷)!÷!# u
&^ ;~rf/ dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt :yfgLo kqsf/ @)*!÷)!÷)$ 3
&& zf]ef kf7s ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)!÷@* @&(
&* z+s/ kxf8L -P;=kL= uf}/a_ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)@÷)# @*#
&( clgn n'OF6]n k|fO66fOD; l6eL @)*!÷)@÷)# @*$
*) nfSkf u]n' z]kf{ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)@÷)^ @*^
*! s]zak|;fb clwsf/L OsflGtk'/ 86sd @)*!÷)@÷)^ @*&
lzIff,lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
*@ dGqfno, s]Gb|Lo cfof]hgf ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)@÷)^ @*(
sfof{Gjog OsfO{
*# lg? tfdfª cgnfOgkfgf 86sd @)*!÷)@÷)$ @(!
*$ uf]kfn sfˆn] cf]dsf/ 6fOD; 86sd @)*!÷)@÷)( @(@
*% /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)@÷)( @(#
OnfO6 lxdfnog P8e]Gr;{ b lxdfnfog 6fOD;
*^ @)*!÷)@÷!$ @($
k|f=ln= 86sd

153
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;++ ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++

*& s[i0f/fh e08f/L a'4zflGt ;fKtflxs @)*!÷)@÷@) @(&
** anf/fd v8\sf u'8l6eL 86sd @)*!÷)@÷@! @(*
*( eLdaxfb'/ yf]s/ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)@÷@* #)#
() l;cfOaL, g]kfn k|x/L cfly{s b}lgs @)*!÷)@÷@* #)$
(! /fh]zs'df/ c8'lsof ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)@÷@* #)^
/fduf]kfn l;jfsf]6L,
(@ ef]6]sf]zL hnljB't sDkgL ;]e]g:6f/kmf]/s] l6eL @)*!÷)@÷@( #)&
lnld6]8
(# gd|tf l;+x Go'h6fOD; l6eL @)*!÷)@÷#! #)(
($ sdn d08n hg/Iff 86sd @)*!÷)@÷#! #!)
(% jL/]Gb| dNn lbof]kf]i6 86sd @)*!÷)@÷#! #!!
(^ ljj]ss'df/ ;fx Go'hJo'/f] 86sd @)*!÷)#÷)@ #!@
(& uf]kfn sfˆn] :yfgLocfjfh 86sd @)*!÷)#÷)@ #!$
k|sfz dfgj ;]jf ;f+:s[lts
(* ljZj36gf 86sd @)*!÷)#÷)^ #!^
emfFs|L s]Gb|
g];gnfOkm OG:of]/]G;
(( tLg3'DtL 86sd @)*!÷)#÷)& #!&
sDkgL ln=
g]kfn nf]stflGqs
!)) j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foL pHofnf]g]6js{ 86sd @)*!÷)#÷)( #!*
Pzf]l;P;g
;"o{Hof]tL nfOkm OG:of]/]G;
!)! aLdfkf]i6 86sd @)*!÷)#÷)( #!(
d]3]Gb|k|sfz lu/L
!)@ tf/f tfdfª kl/jt{g ldl8of @)*!÷)#÷!# #@)
!)# An' OghL{ lnld6]8 ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)#÷!# #@!
!)$ 6]saxfb'/ u'?ª lbof]kf]i6 86sd @)*!÷)#÷!^ #@@
!)% hl;tf u'?ª sflGtk'/ l6eL @)*!÷)#÷!^ #@#
!)^ clVtof/af6 k|fKt ph'/L PaLkLs|fOdGo'h 86sd @)*!÷)#÷!^ #@$
k|]dgf/fo0f kf08], ltns
!)& xdfnfva/ 86sd @)*!÷)#÷!^ #@%
/fgf
!)* ;/f]h lai6 hg;jfn b}lgs @)*!÷)#÷!& #@^
sdn /fjn :jsLo ;lrj,
!)( ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)#÷!& #@&
cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf
!!) k'gd >]i7 /ftf]kbf{ 86sd @)*!÷)#÷!( #@*

154
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;++ ph'/Lstf{ lj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++

!!! cf/fwgf x]ph" cgnfOgkfgf 86sd @)*!÷)#÷@! #@(
!!@ /fhs'df/ 9sfn g]kfnk|]; 86sd @)*!÷)#÷@# ##)
sdn /fjn :jsLo ;lrj,
!!# ps]/f 86sd @)*!÷)#÷@# ##!
cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf
!!$ /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)#÷@# ##@
!!% cf/fwgf x]ph" cy{;~hfn 86sd @)*!÷)#÷@! ###
!!^ ljgfos l;l4 sn]h df]l6e]6Go'h 86sd @)*!÷)#÷)@ ##$
!!& g]kfn lrlsT;s ;ª\3 u0f]zs'df/ ofbj @)*!÷)#÷@* ##%
!!* tftf]kfgL ufpFkflnsf o'ucfXjfg @)*!÷)#÷@* ##^
!!( 6+snfn l3l;ª g]kfnk]m; 86sd @)*!÷)#÷#) ##&
!@) kl/jt{g )( yfkf ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod @)*!÷)#÷#! ##*

@)*)÷*! df k|ls|ofdf /x]sf hgu'gf;f

s|=;++ u'gf;f]stf{÷dfkm{t lj?4 u'gf;f] k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ lxdfnog @)*) c;f]h * ut]
! sfof{no -x]nf] ;/sf/, l6s6 6fOD; / dx]z u'gf;f], sfplG;ndf hu' &
g+= HS(25712-52277) a:tfsf]6L @)*) c;f]h @^ ut] btf{
k|wfgdGqL tyf gofFklqsf b}lgs / @)*) sflQs !@ ut]
dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{no -x]nf] u' g f;f] , sfplG;ndf
@ galaxykhabar. @)*) sflQs hu' !)
;/sf/, l6s6 g+= HS-8467- !$ ut]
com
48973 / HS-WEB (53898 ) btf{
k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{no -x]nf] :yfgLo ldl8of
/ va/s'Gh @)*) k'; !! ut] u'gf;f],
;/sf/, l6s6 g+= HS-8467-
# 86sd sfplG;ndf @)*) k'; hu' !!
48973 / HS-WEB (53898
@% ut] btf{
) dfkm{t ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf
k|ljlw dGqfno
k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{no -x]nf] ljleGg ;fdflhs @)*! a}zfv !@ ut]
$ ;/sf/, l6s6 g+= HS-25712 u' g f;f] , sfplG;ndf @)*! hu' !@
;~hfn
(62304) dfkm{t ;~rf/ tyf j}zfv !^ ut] btf{
;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno

155
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;++ u'gf;f]stf{÷dfkm{t lj?4 u'gf;f] k/]sf] ldlt kmfOn g++

k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ @)*! c;f/ !# ut]
sfof{no -x]nf] ;/sf/, l6s6 PaLkLs|fOdGo'h
% u'gf;f], sfplG;ndf @)*! hu' !#
g+= HS-24732 (65637) dfkm{t 86sd c;f/ !# ut] btf{
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

@)*)÷*! ldl8of / ph'/Lstf{lar ePsf 5nkmn

s|=;++ ph'/L 5nkmn ldlt s}lkmot
SofK6]g /fd]Zj/ yfkf, s}nf;
! l;/f]lxof nufotlj?4 l;wfs'/f @)*!÷)!÷!&
86sd
5nkmndf j}bl] zs /f]huf/
Joj;foL ;ª\3sf tkm{af6
g]kfn j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foL cWoIf /fh]Gb| e08f/L / pkfWoIf
@ ;ª\3 lj?4 kqsf/ s[i0fk|;fb @)*!÷)!÷#) l86saxfb'/ vqL pkl:yt
;'j]bL ePsf] t/ kqsf/ s[i0fk|;fb
;'jb] L cg'kl:yt /x]sf]
5nkmndf j}bl] zs /f]huf/
Joj;foL ;ª\3sf tkm{af6
kqsf/ s[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL lj?4 cWoIf /fh]Gb| e08f/L / pkfWoIf
# g]kfn j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foL @)*!÷)!÷#)
;ª\3 l86saxfb/ vqL pkl:yt
ePsf] t/ kqsf/ s[i0fk|;fb
;'jb] L cg'kl:yt /x]sf]
gf/fo0fk|;fb ;'j]bL e[s'6L l6eL /
$ @)*!÷)!÷#!
Pl;of ;~rf/ 86sd

156
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

v08 #
clen]v

157
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

158
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

#=! ;~rf/ dfWodsf] clen]v

5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg;DaGwL P]g, @)$* df :yfgLo clwsf/Ln] kqklqsf
btf{ ug]{ ;fy} ;f]sf] ;"rgf k|;
] /lhi6«f/nfO{ lbg'kg]{ / ;f]xLadf]lhd 5 5}g k|; ]
/lhi6«f/n] x]/L pSt gfdl;t ldNg] u/L btf{ ePsf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] kqklqsf
k|sfzg ug{ :yfoL k|df0fkq lbg] u/L k]; | /lhi6«f/n] :jLs[lt lbg], :jLs[lt kfPkl5
:yfgLo clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ :yfoL k|df0fkq lbg] Joj:yf /x]sf]
5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf #% n] tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] kqklqsfnfO{ tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df
>]0fL ljefhg ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L >]0fL ljefhg ug'k{ bf{ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln]
k];
| sfplG;n;Fu k/fdz{ lng'kg]5 { Ú eGg] Joj:yf / k|; ] sfplG;n P]g, @)$*
sf] &-3_ df …kqsfl/tfsf] ljt/0f l:yltsf] cBfjlws clen]v /fVg]Ú, bkmf !)
n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfplG;nsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ Ps kqklqsf ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f
;ldlt u7g ug]Ú{ eGg] Joj:yfsf cfwf/ kqklqsfsf] juL{s/0f k|of]hgfy{;d]t k|; ]
sfplG;n g]kfndf kqklqsf clen]vLs/0f x'bF } cfPsf]] 5 .
/fli6«o k|;f/0f P]g, @)$( cg';f/ g]kfnleq s'g} 7fpFdf :of6]nfO6,
s]a'n jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodåf/f k|;f/0f ug{ jf lk|mSj]G;L df]8'n];g k|;f/0f
k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf u/L sfo{s|d k|;f/0f ug{ rfxg] JolSt jf ;+:yfn] g]kfn
;/sf/;Fu Ohfht lnP/dfq k|;f/0f ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ljB'tLo
;~rf/ dfWoddWo] 6]lnlehg tyf /]l8of]sf] k|;f/0f Ohfht k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ xfn
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefun] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWod
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# adf]lhd cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWodsf] btf{;d]t ;"rgf
tyf k|;f/0f ljefudfkm{t\ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 eg] lgb]{lzsfcg';f/ cgnfOg ;~rf/
dfWodsf] ;"rLs/0f k|]; sfplG;ndf x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)*)÷*!
;Dddf btf{ ePsf ;~rf/ dfWodsf] ljj/0f o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5Ù
tflnsf g+= !
btf{ clen]v
btf{ clen]v -;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f k|sfzg btf{ clen]v -k|];
s|=;++= ;~rf/ dfWod
ljefu_ sfplG;n g]kfn_
kqklqsfx¿
!
s_ b}lgs &^& &$)

159
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

btf{ clen]v -;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f k|sfzg btf{ clen]v -k|];

s|=;++= ;~rf/ dfWod
ljefu_ sfplG;n g]kfn_
v_ cw{;fKtflxs #* #!
u_ ;fKtflxs @(*( @()%
3_ kflIfs $*$ $)!
ª_ dfl;s @#*^ ^!@
r_ å}dfl;s #(& ^!
5_ q}dfl;s ^^! !!!
h_ cGo @** #*
hDdf *)!) $*((
o; cf=j=df %^% gofF,
o; cf=j=df %%^ gofF, !,$(@
cgnfOg ;~rf/ !,@!) gjLs/0f ePsf] /
@ gjLs/0f ePsf] / xfn;Dd
dfWodx¿ xfn;Dd $,^@@ cgnfOg
$,^#@ cgnfOg btf{ ePsf]
btf{ ePsf]
o; cf=j=df !,%(! gofF, #,%@#
kqsf/ kl/ro
gjLs/0f ePsf] / xfn;Dd
kq -k|]; k|ltlglw
##,(@* k|]; k|ltlglw k|df0fkq
k|df0fkq_
hf/L ePsf]
;~rfngsf nflu
# Ohfht lnPsf @$^
6]lnlehgx¿
;~rfngsf nflu
$ Ohfht lnPsf !!(#
/x]sf /]l8of]x¿
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefusf] clen]vcg';f/ b]ze/af6 cf=j= @)*)÷*!
;Dddf btf{ ePsf kqklqsfsf] s"n ;ª\Vof *,)!) /x]sf] 5 . h;df b}lgs &^&,
cw{;fKtflxs #*, ;fKtflxs @(*(, kflIfs $*$, dfl;s @#*^, å}dfl;s #(&,
q}dfl;s ^^! / cGo @** /x]sf] 5 . To:t} k|]; sfplG;nsf] clen]vcg';f/
cf=j= @)*)÷*! ;Dddf b}lgs &$), cw{;fKtflxs #!, ;fKtflxs @()%,

160
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

kflIfs $)!, dfl;s ^!@, å}dfl;s ^!, q}dfl;s !!! cGo -rf}dfl;s,
cw{jflif{s, jflif{s_ #* u/L s'n $*(( kqklqsfsf] k|sfzg clen]v k|];
sfplG;n g]kfndf b]lvG5 . ;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu / k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf]
clen]vdf kqklqsfsf] clen]v ljj/0f km/s b]lvg'sf] sf/0f ljefudf c:yfoL
btf{ / :yfoL btf{ b'j} l:yltsf klqsfsf] clen]v x'g] ub{5 eg] sfplG;ndf
k|sfzg x'g] kqklqsfn] klqsfsf] k|sfzg k|lt clen]v ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu
clen]vLs/0f ug'{ xf] .
cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWod Jojl:yt ug{ ;j{k|yd k|]; sfplG;nn] @)&)
;fpg !^ ut] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L u/L ;"rLs/0f ub{} cfPsfdf @)&#÷!@÷)&
df cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWod ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# hf/L ePsf] / kl5
@)&$ ;fndf klxnf] ;+zf]wg ePadf]lhd cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWod ;"rgf
tyf k|;f/0f ljefudf btf{ x'g] ;fy} kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf u/]÷gu/]sf]
;DaGwdf cg'udg, lgodg Pj+ ;"rLs/0f u/L clen]vLs/0f sfplG;nn] ub}{
cfO/x]sf] 5 . ldlt @)&* r}t !! b]lv gofF cgnfOg ;"rLs/0fkZrft\ kqsf/
cfrf/;+lxtf cled'vLs/0f sIff lnP/dfq btf{ ePsf cgnfOgnfO{ ;"rLs/0fsf]
k|df0fkq pknAw u/fOFb} cfPsf] 5 . o; cf=j= sf] clGtd;Dd s'n $^@@
cgnfOg ;"rLs/0f ePsf 5g\ . o;dWo] (@ j6f cgnfOg ;~rfns :jod\n]
x6fpg cfj]bg u/]sf] cfwf/ / s]xL sf/afxLsf cfwf/df ;"rLs/0fsf] ;"rLaf6
x6fO cBfjlws ul/Psf] 5 .
o; cfly{s jif{df dfq %^% cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWod ;"rLs/0f ePsf
5g\ . h;df sf]zL k|b]zaf6 %), dw]z k|b]zaf6 %#, afudtL k|b]zdf @(*,
u08sL k|b]zaf6 @!, n'lDagL k|b]zaf6 ^$, s0ff{nL k|b]zaf6 ## / ;'b"/klZrd
k|b]zaf6 $@ /x]sf 5g\ . ;"rLs/0fsf nflu btf{ eP tfklg jflif{s cBfjlwssf]
;ª\Vof eg] sd /x]sf] 5 . o; cf=j= btf{ ePsf / xfn;Dd ;"rLs/0f ePsf
cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWoddWo] s'n !,@!) j6fn] ;"rLs/0f cBfjlws u/fPsf
5g\ . k|f/Dedf ;"rLs/0f ePsf t/ kl5 ;fO6 cBfjlws g/x]sf, 8f]d]g /2
ePsf cyjf ;~rfngsf] cj:yfdf gePsf ;fO6sf] ;ª\Vof klg clws /x]sf]
5 . -cf=j= @)*)÷*! df ;"rLs/0f / cBfjlws ePsf cgnfOg ;~rf/
dfWodsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL @ df /flvPsf] 5 ._

161
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

;a} k|sf/sf 6]lnlehg / PkmPd /]l8of] ;~rfngsf nflu ;"rgf tyf

k|;f/0f ljefuaf6 Ohfht hf/L ul/g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
k|b]z / lhNnfsf cfwf/df kqklqsf k|sfzg btf{ l:ylt
k|b]zsf] cfwf/df kqklqsf k|sfzg btf{ l:yltnfO{ cWoog ubf{ ;a}eGbf
a9L afudtL k|b]zdf btf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] k|b]zdf @^(@ -%$=(%Ü_ kqklqsf
btf{ ePsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L dw]z k|b]zdf &%) -!%=#!Ü_ / sf]zL k|b]zdf %#& -!)=(^Ü_
kqklqsf btf{ eO s|dzM bf];|f] / t];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf sd
kqklqsf btf{ ePsf] s0ff{nL k|b]z xf] . oxfF hDdf *^ -!=&^Ü_ kqklqsfdfq
k|sfzg eO btf{ 5g\ . To;}u/L n'lDagL k|b]zdf #)( -^=#!Ü_, u08sL k|b]zdf
#)^ -^=@%Ü_ / ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf @!( -$=@^Ü_ kqklqsf btf{ ePsf 5g\ .
lhNnfut cfwf/df k|sfzg btf{ ePsf kqklqsfsf] tYofª\s x]bf{ cem} klg
d'u' / dgfª u/L b'O{ lhNnfdf s'g} klg klqsf k|sfzg eO btf{ ePsf 5}gg\ .
ef}uf]lns ljs6tf, k"jf{wf/sf] sdLn] ubf{ oL lhNnfdf kqklqsf k|sfzg btf{
gePsf] b]lvG5 .
;a}eGbf a9L kqklqsf btf{ eO k|sfzg x'g] lhNnf sf7df8f}F xf] .
sfplG;nsf] clen]vcg';f/ oxfF cf=j= @)*)÷*! ;Dddf s'n @)@% j6f
kqklqsf btf{ ePsf 5g\ . of] ;ª\Vof s"n kqklqsf btf{ ;ª\Vofsf] $!=##Ü
x'g cfpF5 . sf7df8f}F lhNnfdf btf{ eO clen]v ePsf kqklqsfdf b}lgs !&#
j6f, cw{;fKtflxs & j6f, ;fKtflxs !)&( j6f, kflIfs @@% j6f, dfl;s
$@* j6f, å}dfl;s #^, q}dfl;s %! / cGo @^ j6f /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L a9L
kqklqsf btf{ ug]{ bf];|f] lhNnf k;f{df @%^ j6f kqklqsf btf{ ePsf 5g\ eg]
!*@ j6f kqklqsf btf{ ePsf] wg'iff t];|f] :yfgdf 5g\ . o:t} nlntk'/df !&&,
df]/ªdf !^*, sf:sLdf !@^, ;'g;/Ldf !!$, lrtjgdf !!# / ?kGb]xLdf !)%
j6f kqklqsf k|sfzg eO clen]v ePsf 5g\ .
o; cfly{s jif{df sf7df8f}F lhNnfdf @ ;fKtflxs / ! dfl;s klqsf
btf{ ePsf 5g\ . To:t} emfkfdf ;fKtflxs ! / å}dfl;s !, ;Kt/Ldf @ j6f
;fKtflxs, af/fdf ! j6f b}lgs / kfNkfdf ! j6f ;fKtflxs u/L hDdf ( j6f
kqklqsf btf{ ePsf 5g\ .

162
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

tflnsf g+= @
k|b]z / lhNnfsf] cfwf/df k|sfzg btf{l:ylt
s|= cw{
k|b]z / lhNnf b}lgs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
;+= ;fKtflxs
! sf]zL k|b]z 101 5 340 45 28 6 9 3 537
ef]hk'/ 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4
wgs'6f 0 0 7 1 1 0 0 0 9
Onfd 4 0 17 2 1 0 0 0 24
emfkf 21 1 58 2 7 2 1 1 93
vf]6fª 1 0 7 8 1 0 1 0 18
df]/ª 42 0 96 20 6 1 2 1 168
cf]vn9'ª\uf 0 0 6 1 1 0 1 0 9
kfFry/ 1 1 16 0 2 1 0 0 21
;ª\v'jf;ef 0 0 14 5 1 0 0 0 20
;f]n'v'Da' 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
;'g;/L 23 2 76 3 6 2 1 1 114
tfKn]h'ª 1 1 6 1 0 0 1 0 10
t]x|y'd 0 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 8
pbok'/ 8 0 24 2 2 0 1 0 37

2 dw]z k|b]z 161 2 517 45 19 3 3 0 750

af/f 15 0 37 2 1 0 1 0 56
wg'iff 34 0 122 15 8 2 1 0 182
dxf]Q/L 8 0 23 2 0 0 0 0 33
k;f{ 54 2 176 22 2 0 0 0 256
/f}tx6 12 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 36
;Kt/L 24 0 70 2 5 0 0 0 101
;nf{xL 4 0 30 1 2 0 1 0 38
l;/xf 10 0 35 1 1 1 0 0 48

163
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|= cw{
k|b]z / lhNnf b}lgs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
;+= ;fKtflxs
afudtL 240 7 1515 267 514 43 72 34 2692
3
k|b]z
eQmk'/ 5 0 42 2 14 0 6 1 70
lrtjg 13 0 78 7 10 1 1 3 113
wflbª 2 0 15 0 2 0 0 0 19
bf]nvf 1 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 9
sf7df8f}F 173 7 1079 225 428 36 51 26 2025
sfe|]knf~rf]s 4 0 43 4 7 0 2 0 60
nlntk'/ 19 0 96 21 32 2 4 3 177
dsjfgk'/ 12 0 70 5 6 1 3 1 98
g'jfsf]6 3 0 17 1 2 0 1 0 24
/fd]5fk 2 0 14 0 1 1 2 0 20
/;'jf 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 4
l;Gw'nL 3 0 24 0 2 0 0 0 29
l;Gw'kfNrf]s 3 0 27 2 9 1 2 0 44

4 u08sL k|b]z 59 0 189 24 21 3 9 1 306

afUn'ª 7 0 18 2 1 0 0 0 28
uf]/vf 5 0 4 2 1 0 0 0 12
sf:sL 26 0 69 14 11 2 3 1 126
ndh'ª 3 0 14 1 0 0 0 0 18
dgfª 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
d':tfª 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
DofUbL 2 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 13
gjnk/f;L 2 0 15 0 3 0 0 0 20
kj{t 4 0 17 0 1 0 4 0 26
:ofª\hf 1 0 19 1 0 1 2 0 24
tgx'F 9 0 21 4 3 0 0 0 37

164
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|= cw{
k|b]z / lhNnf b}lgs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
;+= ;fKtflxs
6 n'lDagL k|b]z 78 7 173 15 19 2 15 0 309

c3f{vfFrL 0 0 6 1 0 0 1 0 8
afFs] 34 1 38 0 0 0 1 0 74
alb{of 6 0 12 2 0 1 0 0 21
bfª 11 1 16 0 1 1 5 0 35
u'NdL 0 0 6 1 0 0 1 0 8
slknj:t' 1 0 11 0 1 0 1 0 14
kfNkf 2 1 15 3 2 0 3 0 26
Ko'7fg 1 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 9
/f]Nkf 1 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 9
?kGb]xL 22 4 57 7 12 0 3 0 105

6 s0ff{nL k|b]z 30 1 44 1 9 0 1 0 86
b}n]v 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 7
8f]Nkf 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
x'Dnf 1 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 6
hfh/sf]6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
h'Dnf 3 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 9
sflnsf]6 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 10
d'u' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
?s'd 0 0 8 1 2 0 0 0 11
zfNofg 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 5
;'v]{t 18 0 14 0 4 0 0 0 36

7 ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z 71 9 127 4 2 4 2 0 219

c5fd 4 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 10
a}t8L 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 5
aemfª 0 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 6

165
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|= cw{
k|b]z / lhNnf b}lgs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
;+= ;fKtflxs
afh'/f 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5
88]Nw'/f 4 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 18
bfr'{nf 2 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 7
8f]6L 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 12
s}nfnL 30 4 42 3 0 2 1 0 82
s~rgk'/ 30 2 38 0 2 1 1 0 74
hDdf 740 31 2905 401 612 61 111 38 4899
b|i6JoM k"jL{ ?s'd / ?s'd klZrd Pj+ gjnk'/ / k/f;L cnu–cnu
k|b]zdf g/fvL gjnk/f;L u08sL k|b]zdf / ?s'dnfO{ s0ff{nL k|b]zdf /fvL
tYofª\s k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

k|sfzg clen]v
g]kfne/ btf{ eO sfplG;nsf] clen]vdf k|fKt ePsf s"n $*((
kqklqsfdWo] o; cfly{s jif{df (!& -!*=&@Ü_ cvaf/ k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
oLdWo] b}lgs @@@, cw{;fKtflxs $, ;fKtflxs %@&, kflIfs !^, dfl;s !!),
å}dfl;s !$, q}dfl;s @# / cGo Ps j6f klqsf dfq k|sfzgdf /x]sf 5g\ .

kqklqsfsf] lgoldttf;DaGwL l:ylt

g]kfne/ btf{ ePsf s'n cvaf/dWo] lgs} sd dfq k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
k|sflztdWo] klg ;a} kqklqsf lgoldt 5}gg\ . sfplG;nsf] clen]vcg';f/ btf{
ePsf s"n cvaf/dWo] (!& j6f klqsf k|sflzt /x]sf 5g\ h;dWo] &&( lgoldt
/ !#* clgoldt 5g\ . b}lgsdf !*! lgoldt / $! clgoldt, cw{;fKtflxsdf
# lgoldt / ! clgoldt, ;fKtflxsdf $&@ lgoldt / %% clgoldt, kflIfsdf
!# lgoldt / # clgoldt, dfl;sdf *) lgoldt / #) clgoldt, å}dfl;sdf *
lgoldt / ^ clgoldt, q}dfl;s @! lgoldt / @ clgoldt / cGodf Ps lgoldt
/x]sf 5g\ . k|b]z / lhNnfut cfwf/df lgoldt÷clgoldtsf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/
/x]sf] 5M

166
 tflnsf g+= #
k|b]z / lhNnfsf] cfwf/dflgoldt clgoldttfsf] l:ylt
b}lgs cw{;fKtflxs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
s|= s'n
lhNnf k|= k|= k|= k|= k| k| k| k| k|=
;+= ck|= ck|= ck|= ck| ck| ck| ck| ck| ck|= hDdf
lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg=
sf]zL k|b]zsf]
hDdf 18 2 81 0 1 4 77 7 256 0 0 45 0 3 25 1 0 5 0 0 9 0 0 3 96 13 428 537
1 ef]hk'/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4
2 wgs'6f 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 5 9
3 Onfd 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 15 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 20 24
4 emfkf 4 0 17 0 0 1 20 0 38 0 0 2 0 0 7 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 25 0 68 93
5 vf]6fª 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 1 13 18
6 df]/ª 3 2 37 0 0 0 14 2 80 0 0 20 0 1 5 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 17 5 146 168
7 cf]vn9'ª\uf 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 8 9
8 kfFry/ 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 14 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 17 21
9 ;ª\v'jf;ef 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 9 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 15 20
10 ;f]n'v'Da' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
11 ;'g;/L 5 0 18 0 0 2 15 3 58 0 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 20 3 91 114
12 tfKn]h'ª 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 8 10
13 t]x|y'd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 8
14 pbok'/ 3 0 5 0 0 0 9 1 14 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 12 1 24 37
dw]z k|b]zsf]
hDdf 56 17 88 0 0 2 125 12 380 1 0 44 6 0 13 0 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 190 30 530 750
1 af/f 4 4 7 0 0 0 10 0 27 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 16 4 36 56
2 wg'iff 8 2 24 0 0 0 25 1 96 0 0 15 3 0 5 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 37 4 141 182
3 dxf]Q/L 4 1 3 0 0 0 5 1 17 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 22 33
4 k;f{ 19 3 32 0 0 2 32 3 141 0 0 22 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 6 199 256

167
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 b}lgs cw{;fKtflxs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
s|= s'n

168
lhNnf k|= k|= k|= k|= k| k| k| k| k|=
;+= ck|= ck|= ck|= ck| ck| ck| ck| ck| ck|= hDdf
lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg=
5 /f}tx6 4 0 8 0 0 0 5 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 27 36
jflif{s k|ltj]

6 ;Kt/L 12 4 8 0 0 0 38 6 26 0 0 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 10 39 101
7 ;nf{xL 1 1 2 0 0 0 4 0 26 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 1 31 38
8 l;/xf 4 2 4 0 0 0 6 1 28 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 3 35 48
afudtL k|b]zsf]
hDdf 36 9 195 0 0 7 173 22 1320 10 3 254 71 26 417 6 5 32 12 1 59 1 0 33 309 66 2317 2692
bg – @)*)÷*!

1 eQmk'/ 1 1 3 0 0 0 8 1 33 0 0 2 1 1 12 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 1 12 3 55 70
2 lrtjg 2 1 10 0 0 0 8 2 68 0 0 7 1 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 12 3 98 113
3 wflbª 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 16 19
4 bf]nvf 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 9
5 sf7df8f}F 21 4 148 0 0 7 98 13 968 9 3 213 60 25 343 5 5 26 7 0 44 1 0 25 201 50 1774 2025
6 sfe|]knf~rf]s 0 0 4 0 0 0 17 1 25 0 0 4 1 0 6 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 19 1 40 60
7 nlntk'/ 0 1 18 0 0 0 5 2 89 0 0 21 6 0 26 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 3 11 3 163 177
8 dsjfgk'/ 4 1 7 0 0 0 9 2 59 1 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 16 4 78 98
9 g'jfsf]6 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 1 13 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 20 24
10 /fd]5fk 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 9 0 11 20
11 /;'jf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
12 l;Gw'nL 2 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 21 29
13 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 2 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 19 0 0 2 2 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 12 1 31 44
u08sL k|b]zsf]
hDdf 19 3 37 0 0 0 40 4 145 0 0 24 0 1 20 0 0 3 4 0 5 0 0 1 63 8 235 306
1 afUn'ª 3 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 12 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 19 28
2 uf]/vf 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 8 12
3 sf:sL 4 0 22 0 0 0 3 1 65 0 0 14 0 1 10 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 1 7 2 117 126
4 ndh'ª 1 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 12 18
 b}lgs cw{;fKtflxs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
s|= s'n
lhNnf k|= k|= k|= k|= k| k| k| k| k|=
;+= ck|= ck|= ck|= ck| ck| ck| ck| ck| ck|= hDdf
lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg=
5 dgfª 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 d':tfª 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2
7 DofUbL 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 6 13
8 gjnk/f;L 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 12 20
9 kj{t 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 8 1 17 26
10 :ofª\hf 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 16 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 20 24
11 tgx'F 7 0 2 0 0 0 7 0 14 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 23 37
n'lDagL k|b]zsf]
hDdf 15 6 57 3 0 4 28 8 137 2 0 13 2 0 17 0 0 2 3 1 11 0 0 0 53 15 241 309
1 c3f{vfFrL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 8
2 afFs] 5 2 27 1 0 0 4 2 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 4 60 74
3 alb{of 2 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 9 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 15 21
4 bfª 3 2 6 0 0 1 5 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 10 2 23 35
5 u'NdL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 8
6 slknj:t' 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 5 7 14
7 kfNkf 0 0 2 1 0 0 4 0 11 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 7 1 18 26
8 Ko'7fg 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 9
9 /f]Nkf 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 4 9
10 ?kGb]xL 5 1 16 1 0 3 3 1 53 0 0 7 1 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 10 2 93 105
s0f{nL k|b]zsf]
hDdf 9 3 18 0 0 1 8 0 36 0 0 1 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 17 3 66 86
1 b}n]v 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7
2 8f]Nkf 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
3 x'Dnf 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6
4 hfh/sf]6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

169
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 b}lgs cw{;fKtflxs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cGo hDdf
s|= s'n

170
lhNnf k|= k|= k|= k|= k| k| k| k| k|=
;+= ck|= ck|= ck|= ck| ck| ck| ck| ck| ck|= hDdf
lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg= lg= clg=
5 h'Dnf 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 7 9
jflif{s k|ltj]

6 sflnsf]6 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 8 10
7 d'u' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 ?s'd 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 9 11
9 zfNofg 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 5
10 ;'v]{t 7 2 9 0 0 0 2 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 25 36
bg – @)*)÷*!

;'b"/klZrd
k|b]zsf] hDdf 28 1 42 0 0 9 21 2 104 0 0 4 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 51 3 165 219
1 c5fd 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 8 10
2 a}t8L 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 5
3 aemfª 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6
4 afh'/f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5
5 88]Nw'/f 1 0 3 0 0 1 2 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 14 18
6 bfr'{nf 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 7
7 8f]6L 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 11 12
8 s}nfnL 14 1 15 0 0 4 12 1 29 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 27 2 53 82
9 s~rgk'/ 9 0 21 0 0 2 5 0 33 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 15 0 59 74
s"n hDdf 181 41 518 3 1 27 472 55 2378 13 3 385 80 30 502 8 6 47 21 2 88 1 0 37 779 138 3982 4899

;ª\s]tM
k|=–k|sflzt,c=k|=–ck|sflzt,c=;f=–cw{–;fKtflxs,lg=– lgoldt, c=lg=–clgoldt
b|i6Jo M k"jL{ ?s'd / klZrd ?s'd Pj+ gjnk'/ / k/f;L cnu–cnu k|b]zdf g/fvL gjnk/f;L u08sLdf / ?s'dnfO{ s0ff{nL k|b]zdf /fvL tYofª\s k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 .
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

cf=j= @)*)÷*! df lgodfg';f/ btf{ eO sfplG;nsf] clen]vdf k|fKt klqsfx¿

b}lgs
s|=;+ klqsfsf] gfd lhNnf
!= dw]z ;dfrf/ b}lgs af/f
;fKtflxs
s|=;+= klqsfsf] gfd lhNnf
!= ;'vgL ;Gb]z ;fKtflxs emfkf
@ ah| ;fKtflxs sf7df8f}F
# kqsn ;fKtflxs sf7df8f}F
$ ;dfrf/3/ ;fKtflxs kfNkf
% k|]; ;~rf/ ;fKtflxs ;Kt/L
dfl;s
s|=; klqsfsf] gfd lhNnf
!= /~hgflnkL dfl;s sf7df8f}F

-v_ kqklqsfsf] l8lh6n clen]v

kqklqsfx¿sf] l8lh6n xflh/L Pj+ clen]v k|0ffnL cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udg
;fy} clen]vnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy ljsf; u/]sf] k|0ffnL xf] . o;af6
k|sfzsx¿n] klqsf k|sfzgkZrft\ k|sflzt klqsfsf] lkl8Pkm -PDF_ agfO
cfˆgf] PsfpG6df cknf]8 u/L xflh/L ug{ / cfˆgf] klqsfsf] l8lh6n clen]v
/fVg ;Sg]5g\ . of] k|0ffnL cf=j= @)&^÷&& b]lv cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 .

l8lh6n clen]v btf{

k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] kqklqsf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf b]ze/af6 cf=j=
@)*)÷*! ;Dddf s'n !@!$ klqsf cfa4 ePsf 5g\ . h;df b}lgs @(^,
cw{;fKtflxs $, ;fKtflxs ^*#, kflIfs !%, dfl;s !$(, å}dfl;s @# /
q}dfl;s $$ j6f /x]sf 5g\ .

171
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

k|b]z / lhNnfsf] cfwf/df kqklqsf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf cfa4

kqklqsfsf] l:ylt
b]ze/af6 k|sflzt !@!$ j6f kqklqsf l8lh6n clen]v k|0ffnLdf
clen]v ePsf 5g\ . h;dfsf]zL k|b]zdf !%%, dw]z k|b]zdf @*%, afudtL
k|b]z $*), u08sL k|b]zdf *(, n'lDagL k|b]zdf (%, s0ff{nL k|b]zdf #!,
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf &( klqsfx¿ kqklqsf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf clen]vLs/0f
ePsf 5g\ .
kqklqsf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf cfa4 kqklqsfsf] ljj/0f
k|b]zsf] klqsfsf]
b}lgs cw{;fKtflxs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s cw{jflif{s jflif{s cw{jflif{s hDdf
gfd gfd
tfKn]h'ª 1 - 3 - 1 - - - - - 5

;'g;/L 8 - 27 - - 1 - - - - 36

t]x|y'd - - - - 1 - - - - - 1

cf]vn9'Ëf - - 4 - - 1 - - - - 5

;v'jf;ef - - 5 - - - - - - - 5

kfFry/ - - 2 - 1 1 - - - - 4
sf]zL - - 4 - 2 - 1 - - - 7
vf]6fª
k|b]z
;f]n'v'Da' - - 1 - - - - - - - 1

emfkf 8 - 25 - - 1 - - - - 34

pbok'/ 4 - 13 - 2 - - - - - 19

wgs'6f - - 4 - - - - - - - 4

O{nfd 2 - 2 - 1 - - - - - 5

df]/ª 7 - 17 - 3 - 2 - - - 29

k|b]zut hDdf 30 0 107 0 11 4 3 0 0 0 155

;nf{xL 3 - 7 - 1 - - - - - 11

wg'iff 12 - 35 - 3 1 1 - - - 52

l;/fxf 12 - 13 - - - - - - - 25

dw]z ;Kt/L 21 - 51 - 3 - - - - - 75
k|b]z dxf]Q/L 5 - 7 - - - - - - - 12

/f}tx6 6 - 7 - 1 - - - - - 14

af/f 10 - 15 1 - - 1 - - - 27

k;f{ 28 - 41 - - - - - - - 69

172
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

k|b]zut hDdf 97 0 176 1 8 1 2 0 0 0 285

l;Gw'nL 2 - 9 - - - - - - - 11

lrtjg 5 1 13 - 2 - - - - - 21

sfe|]knfGrf]s - - 21 1 2 - 2 - - - 26

sf7df8f}F 24 - 138 10 97 15 15 - - - 299

/fd]5fk 2 - 9 - - - 1 - - - 12

afudtL dsjfgk'/ 5 - 17 1 - - 3 - - - 26
k|b]z nlntk'/ 2 - 11 - 12 - - - - - 25

wflbª 2 - 3 - - - - - - - 5

l;Gw'kfNrf]s 3 - 10 - 2 - - - - - 15

g'jfsf]6 1 - 9 - - - 2 - - - 12

bf]nvf 1 - 2 - 1 - - - - - 4

eQmk'/ 4 - 12 - 5 - 3 - - - 24

k|b]zut hDdf 51 1 254 12 121 15 26 0 0 0 480

:ofª\hf - - 3 - - - 1 - - - 4

ndh'ª 1 - 6 - - - - - - - 7

tgx'F 8 - 9 - - - - - - - 17

sf:sL 7 - 4 - 1 - 1 - - - 13

u08sL afUn'ª 3 - 7 - - - - - - - 10
k|b]z uf]/vf 3 - 2 - - - - - - - 5

DofUbL 3 - 7 - - - - - - - 10

gjnk'/ 1 - 6 - - - - - - - 7

kj{t 1 - 11 - - - 3 - - - 15

d':tfª - - 1 - - - - - - - 1

k|b]zut hDdf 27 0 56 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 89

slknj:t' 1 - 5 - - - - - - - 6

afFs] 13 1 7 - - - - - - - 21

alb{of 4 - 4 1 - - - - - - 9
n'lDagL - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 3
u'NdL
k|b]z
/f]Nkf - - 5 - - - - - - - 5

bfª 6 - 4 - 1 1 2 - - - 14

kfNkf 1 1 5 1 1 - 3 - - - 12

173
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

Ko'7fg - - 3 - - - - - - - 3

?kGb]xL 6 1 8 - 3 - 1 - - - 19

k/f;L 1 - 2 - - - - - - - 3

k|b]zut hDdf 32 3 44 2 6 1 7 0 0 0 95

d'u' - - 1 - - - - - - - 1

8f]Nkf - - 1 - - - - - - - 1

hfh/sf]6 2 - - - - - - - - - 2

;Nofg 1 - - - - - - - - - 1

s0ff{nL h'Dnf - - 3 - - - - - - - 3
k|b]z b}n]v 1 - 3 - - - - - - - 4

?s'd - - 3 - - - - - - - 3
klZrd
;'v]{t 9 - 1 - 1 - - - - - 11

sflnsf]6 3 - 2 - - - - - - - 5

k|b]zut hDdf 16 0 14 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 31

aemfª - - 2 - - - - - - - 2

8f]6L 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 2

c5fd 3 - 1 - - 1 - - - - 5
;'b"/ bfr'{nf 2 - 4 - - - - - - - 6
klZrd
a}t8L 1 - - - - - - - - - 1
k|b]z
s}nfnL 20 - 15 - - 1 1 - - - 37

88]nw'/f 2 - 3 - - - - - - - 5

sGrgk'/ 14 - 6 - 1 - - - - - 21

k|b]zut hDdf 43 0 32 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 79

s"n hDdf 296 4 683 15 149 23 44 0 0 0 1214

kqklqsfsf] l8lh6n clen]vLs/0fsf] lgoldttf;DaGwL l:ylt

b]zel/af6 o; k|0ffnLdf clen]vLs/0f ePsf !@!$ kqklqsfdWo]
&^% kqklqsfx¿n] dfq lgoldt PDF cknf]8 ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ eg] $$(
kqklqsfn] cknf]8 u/]sf 5}gg\ . lkl8Pkmdf cknf]8 ug]{ klqsfdWo] b}lgsdf
!(%, ;fKtflxs $^(, kflIfs !!, dfl;s (), å}dfl;s ), q}dfl;s ) lgoldt
/x]sf] 5g\ eg] b}lgs !)!, cw{;fKtflxs %, ;fKtflxs @!$, kflIfs #, dfl;s
%(, å}dfl;s @#, q}dfl;s $$ j6fn] lgoldt 5}gg\ .

174
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

k|b]zdf kqklqsfsf] l8lh6n clen]vLs/0fsf] lgoldttf l:ylt

kqklqsdfd Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf ldlt @)*) ;fpgb]lv @)*! c;f/;Dddf
kqklqsfx¿ cknf]8 u/]sf lkl8Pkm kmfOnsf] k|b]zcg';f/sf] cª\s tflnsf
s|= b}lgs cw{;fKtflxs ;fKtflxs kflIfs dfl;s å}dfl;s q}dfl;s s'n hDdf
k|b]z
;= lg= c=lg= lg= c=lg= lg= c=lg= lg= c=lg= lg= c=lg= lg= c=lg= lg= c=lg= lg= c=lg= hDdf
! sf]zL k|b]z 19 11 0 0 76 31 0 0 8 3 0 4 0 3 103 52 155
@ dw]z k|b]z 62 35 0 1 124 52 0 0 5 3 0 1 0 2 191 94 285
afudtL 36 15 0 1 167 87 9 3 73 48 0 15 0 26 285 195 480
#
k|b]z
$ u08sL k|b]z 16 11 0 0 38 18 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 55 34 89
% n'lDagL k|b]z 21 11 0 3 31 13 2 0 3 3 0 1 0 7 57 38 95
^ s0ff{nL k|b]z 12 4 0 0 11 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 23 8 31
;'b'/klZrd 29 14 0 0 22 10 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 51 28 79
%
k|b]z
s"n hDdf 195 101 0 5 469 214 11 3 90 59 0 23 0 44 765 449 1214

afudtL k|b]zdf ;a}eGbf a9L kqklqsfsf] o; k|0ffnLdf lgoldttf

b]lvG5 . hDdf $*) kqklqsfdWo] @*% l8lh6n clen]vdf lgoldt 5g\
eg] !(% kqklqsf clgoldt 5g\ . b}lgsdf #^ lgoldt / !% clgoldt,
cw{–;fKtflxsdf ! clgoldt, ;fKtflxsdf lgoldt !^& / *& clgoldt,
kflIfsdf ( lgoldt / # clgoldt, dfl;sdf &# lgoldt / $* clgoldt,
å}dfl;sdf ) lgoldt / !% clgoldt, q}dfl;sdf ) lgoldt / @^
clgoldt /x]sf 5g\ .
dw]z k|b]z bf];|f] a9L kqklqsfsf] l8lh6n clen]vdf lgoldt /x]sf]
k|b]z xf] . pQm k|b]zaf6 o; k|0ffnLdf cfa4 ePsf @*% kqklqsfdWo] !(!
kqklqsf lgoldt 5g\ eg] ($ kqklqsf clgoldt 5g\ . s0ff{nL k|b]z ;a}eGbf
sd lgoldt kqklqsf cknf]8 ug]{ k|b]zsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zsf #!
kqklqsfx¿ dWo] @# j6f dfq} lgoldt 5g\ eg] * j6f kqklqsf clgoldt
/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L sf]zL k|b]zdf !%% klqsf k|0ffnLdf cfa4 /x]sf]df !)#
lgoldt /x]sf 5g\ eg] %@ clgoldt 5g\ . n'lDagL k|b]zdf (% klqsf cfa4
/x]sf]df %& lgoldt, #* clgoldt /x]sf 5g\ . u08sL k|b]zdf *( cfa4
/x]sf]df %% lgoldt, #$ clgoldt /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf &(
cfa4 /x]sf]df %! lgoldt / @* clgoldt /x]sf 5g\ .

175
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

b'j} clen]v k|0ffnLdf cª\ssf cfwf/df b'j}df lgoldt /x]sf / s'g} Ps

k|0ffnL lgoldt eO csf]{ clgoldt /x]sf kqklqsfsf] ;"rL cg';"rL ! df
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
cf=j= @)*)÷*! df lgodfg';f/ btf{ eO sfplG;nsf] clen]vdf k|fKt klqsf
b}lgs
s|=;+ klqsfsf] gfd lhNnf
!= dw]z ;dfrf/ b}lgs af/f

;fKtflxs
s|=;+= klqsfsf] gfd lhNnf
!= ;'vgL ;Gb]z ;fKtflxs emfkf
@ ah| ;fKtflxs sf7df8f}F
# kqsnf ;fKtflxs sf7df8f}F
$ ;dfrf/3/ ;fKtflxs kfNkf
% k|b]z b[li6 ;fKtflxs ;Kt/L
^ k|]; ;~rf/ ;fKtflxs ;Kt/L

dfl;s
s|=; klqsfsf] gfd lhNnf
!= /~hgflnkL dfl;s sf7df8f}F

å}dfl;s
s|=; klqsfsf] gfd lhNnf
!= h]i7 cfjfh å}dfl;s emfkf

176
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

v08 $
juL{s/0f / ldl8of k|jw{g

177
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

178
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

$=! kqklqsf juL{s/0f

k|]; sfplG;n P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !) df kqklqsf ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f
;ldltsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . pSt ;ldltdf k|]; /lhi6«f/ -dxflgb]{zs, ;"rgf
tyf k|;f/0f ljefu_ cWoIf tyf ;b:odf ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno,
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn, n]vfk/LIf0f ;ª\3, lj1fkg ;ª\3 jf Jofkfl/s jf cf}Bf]lus
;ª\3;+:yfaf6 dgf]lgt PsPs hgfsf b/n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgf]lgt u/]sf] #
-tLg_ hgf /xg] Joj:yf 5 . /, sfplG;nn] tf]s]sf] clws[t ;ldltsf] ;lrj
/xg] pNn]v 5 .
pSt P]gsf] bkmf !! df ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] 5 .
of] bkmfdf kqklqsfsf] ljt/0f l:yltsf] cfwf/df k|sfzg ;ª\Vof lgwf{/0f
ug]{, To;sf] cBfjlws clen]]v /fVg] / kqklqsfsf] k|sfzg ;ª\Vof;d]tsf]
cfwf/df kqklqsfsf] juL{s/0f ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
;ldltn] kqklqsfsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f u/L sfplG;n;dIf pSt juL{s/0f
d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg k]; u/]kl5 sfplG;ndfkm{t ;/sf/nfO{ hfgsf/L lbO
;f] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;/L ;fj{hlgs ePsf] juL{s/0f
glthfdf lrQ ga'emfpg] kqklqsfn] k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] / k'g/fjnf]sg
;ldltn] k'gMd"Nofª\sg u/L k'g/fjnf]sg;lxtsf] clGtd glthf k|sfzg ug]{
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

juL{s/0f ug]{ cfwf/

kqklqsf ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0fsf] dfkb08, @)^^ -kl/dfh{g– @)&%_ sf
cfwf/df cfj]bg kg{ cfPsf kqklqsfsf] juL{s/0f, d"Nofª\sg ug]{ ul/G5 .
o;cg';f/ kqklqsfn] /fli6«o:t/, k|b]z:t/ / :yfgLo:t/sf] bfaL u/L kmf/fd
eg]{ ub{5g\ . pSt dfkb08cg';f/ ;flxlTos tyf efiffeflifsf kqklqsfsf]
;d]t juL{s/0f, d"Nofª\sg x'g] ub{5 . pSt dfkb08adf]lhd tLg ;d"xdf
juL{s/0f d"Nofª\sg ul/G5 .
klxnf] ;d"x– of] ;d"xcg';f/ ;lrjfnoaf6 kqklqsfx¿n] e/]sf] cfj]bg
kmf/fddf ;dfj]z tYofª\ssf cfwf/df kqklqsfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 .
of] $) k"0ff{ª\ssf] x'G5 . o;df ljt/0f kl/df0f, ljt/0f If]q, juL{s/0f k|ls|ofdf

179
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

;xeflutf tyf juL{s/0fdf lg/Gt/tf / cfj]bg btf{sf] nflu rflxg] Go"gtd

cª\seGbf yk cª\s kqklqsf k|sflzt ul/Psf] / ;f]xLadf]lhdsf] clen]v
k]; ePsf] eP ;f]sf];d]t d"Nofª\sg u/L cª\s k|bfg ul/G5 . ;flxlTos tyf
efiffeflifsf kqklqsfsf] xsdf of] ;d"xdf #) k"0ff{ª\sdf d"Nofª\sg ug]{ sfo{
ul/G5 .
bf];|f] ;d"x– of] ;d"xdf sfplG;naf6 ul7t kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf
cg'udg pk;ldltåf/f kqklqsfsf] d"Nofª\sg u/L cfrf/;+lxtfafktsf] cª\s
k|bfg ul/G5 . kqklqsfsf lj?4df sfplG;ndf k/]sf ph'/L, :jcg'udg
/ u'gf;f]÷hgu'gf;f]sf s|ddf kfOPsf s}lkmotnfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ u/L
o;afktsf] cª\s k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 . @) k"0ff{ª\sdf o; ;d"xsf] d"Nofª\sg
u/L cª\s k|bfg ul/G5 .
t];|f] ;d"x– of] ;d"xdf ljz]if1åf/f kqklqsfsf] d"Nofª\sg ul/G5 . o;
sfo{sf nflu kqsfl/tfsf cg'ejL, ljifoj:t'sf 1ftf, ljwfut If]q / ljleGg
efiffefifL;Da4 ;~rf/ lj1x¿sf] ljz]if1 ;"rL tof/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;f]xL ;"rLdf
/x]sf ljz]if1af6 of] v08sf] d"Nofª\sg u/fOG5 . o; ;d"xsf] k"0ff{ª\sef/ $)
/x]sf] x'G5 eg] ;flxlTos tyf efiffeflifsf kqklqsfsf] xsdf of] v08sf]
k"0ff{ª\s ef/ %) cª\ssf] x'G5 . ljz]if1x¿af6 kqklqsfsf] d"Nofª\sg u/fpFbf
;fwf/0f juL{s/0f l;kmfl/; d"Nofª\sg / x'ax' -clt ;fef/_ k/LIf0f;lxtsf]
ljz]if d"Nofª\sg klg u/fOG5 . x'ax' k/LIf0f u/fpFbf juL{s/0f k|ls|ofdf
;dfj]z ePsf gofF kqklqsf, gd'gf ljlwaf6 5gf]6 ul/Psf kqklqsf / ljt/0f
;Dk/LIf0f ;ldltn]] tf]s]/ lbPsf] cfwf/df x'ax' k/LIf0f d"Nofª\sg u/fOG5 . /
afFsL /x]sf kqklqsfsf] ;fwf/0f juL{s/0f l;kmfl/; d"Nofª\sg ul/G5 .
o;/L tLg ;d"xsf] s'n hf]8kl5 !)) k"0ff{ª\sdf kqklqsf d"Nofª\sg
ubf{ k|fKt ePsf] k|fKtfª\ssf] cfwf/df kqklqsfsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f x'G5 . ^% jf
;f]eGbf dfly k|fKtfª\s ePdf …sÚ ju{, %) b]lv ^$ ;Dd k|fKtfª\s ePdf …vÚ
ju{, #% b]lv $( ;Dd k|fKtfª\s ePdf …uÚ ju{ / @% b]lv #$ ;Dd k|fKtfª\s
ePdf …3Ú ju{ sfod u/L kqklqsfsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f x'G5 . t/, kqklqsf
x'ax' 7x/ ePsf] cj:yfdf / tf]lsPsf sfuhft lgwf{l/t ;dodf k]; ug{
g;s]df kqklqsfn] Go"gtd¿kdf k]; ug'{kg]{ kqklqsfsf] k|sflzt cª\ssf]

180
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

clen]v lgoldt gePdf / klxnf]k6s juL{s/0fsf] nflu cfj]bg lbFbf kqklqsf

k|sfzgsf] :yfoL k|df0fkq k]; ug{ g;s]sf kqklqsf juL{s/0fdf kb}{gg\ .

juL{s/0f ;"rgf
cf=j=@)&*÷&( sf] kqklqsf juL{s/0fsf] kmf/fd eg{ ldlt @)&(÷)#÷!#
ut] uf]/vfkq b}lgsdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L -ldlt @)&(÷)#÷@^ b]lv ldlt
@)&(÷)$÷#) ;Dd_ #) lbg / bf]Aa/ b:t'/ yk & -@)&(÷)$÷#) ut];Dd_
lbgsf] ;dofjlw tf]sL ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof] . kqklqsf d"Nofª\sg
juL{s/0fsf nflu 5fkfvfgf / k|sfzg;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod $
adf]lhd k|sfzgsf] :yfoL k|df0fkq lnO k|rlnt sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] cfsf/ -;fOh_ /
k[i7 ;ª\Vofdf lgoldt k|sfzg ePsf kqklqsfsf k|sfzsn] cf=j= @)&*÷&(
sf] kqklqsf juL{s/0f k|ls|ofdf ;dfj]z x'g rfx]df cfˆgf] k|sfzg;DaGwL
ljj/0f e/L kqklqsf d"Nofª\sg Pj+ juL{s/0f k|of]hgsf nflu ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f
;ldltsf] ;lrjfno, k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn, ;~rf/u|fd, sf7df8f}Fdf cfj]bg
kmf/fd btf{ u/fpg ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . cfj]bg kmf/fd btf{ u/fpFbf
tf]lsPsf] z'Nsafx]s sfplG;ndf btf{ ePsf] k|sfzg clen]v -cª\s tflnsf_,
sd{rf/Lsf] tna v'Ng] lgo'lStkq, tna e'Qmfg ubf{ s§L ul/Psf] ! k|ltzt
;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ bflvnf ef}r/, kqklqsfsf] s/r'Qmf k|df0fkq, sfuh vl/b
Pj+ klqsf 5kfOsf] lan, n]vfk/LIfssf] k];fut k|df0fkq, kqklqsf Joj:yfkg
k|0ffnLdf cfa¢tfnufotsf sfuhkq / sfplG;nsf] clen]vdf tf]lsPadf]lhd
kqklqsf lkl8Pkm clgjfo{ k]; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

juL{s/0f b:t'/
s|=;+= klqsfsf] k|sf/ /fli6«o:t/ k|b]z:t/ :yfgLo:t/ ;flxlTos÷efiffefifLsf
! b}lgs ;Dffrf/kq ?= %,!)).– ?=#,^)).– ?= @,^)).– kqklqsfsf] xsdf
cGo klqsf tf]lsPsf kqklqsfsf]
@ ?= $,!)).– ?=#,!)).– ?= @,!)).– cfwf z'Ns
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181
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

juL{s/0f glthf
ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f ;ldltn] k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn;dIf k]; u/]sf] k|f/
lDes glthfpk/ lrQ ga'‰g]n] cfwf/ / k|df0f;lxt !% lbgleq -;'?sf]
b:t'/sf] @% k|ltzt_ / bf]Aa/ b:t'/;lxt yk & lbgleq k'gof{]u÷k'gM
d"Nofª\sgsf nflu ;"rgf cfXjfg ug]{ ul/G5 . o;} ;"rgfcg';f/ k|fKt lgj]bgsf]
5fglag ug{sf nflu pSt dfkb08adf]lhd k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnåf/f tLg
;b:oLo k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt u7g ul/G5 . o;} ;ldltn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgsf
cfwf/df k'g/fjnf]sg;lxtsf] kqklqsf juL{s/0f;DaGwL clGtd glthf k|sfzg
ug]{ ul/G5 .
cf=j= @)&*÷)&( df ()) j6f kqklqsfn] cfj]bg kmf/fd btf{ u/fPsf
lyP . juL{s/0f;DaGwL clGtd glthf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] j]a;fO6 www.
presscouncilnepal.gov.np df uO x]g{ ;lsg]5 .

sfo{ljlwsf] lgdf{0f
kqklqsf juL{s/0f;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ cem Jojl:yt, j}1flgs, j:t'lgi7,
kf/bzL{ Pj+ ;do;fk]If agfpg ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0fsf] dfkb08–@)^^,
-kl/dfh{g–@)&%_nfO{ ;+zf]wg u/L ;dfofg's"n agfpg ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f
sfo{ljlwsf] d:of}bf lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{ljlwdf kqklqsfsf
k|sfzs÷;Dkfbsx¿sf] ;'emfjnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

k|]; lg/LIf0f / ahf/ cg'udg

kqklqsfsf] juL{s/0fnfO{ j:t'ut Pj+ df}lns agfO ljt/0fsf] ;ª\Vof
osLg ug{sf nflu kqklqsfsf] ahf/ cg'udg ug'{kg{] x'G5 . o; cfly{s jif{df
klg ljleGg k|b]zsf s]xL lhNnfdf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn / ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f
;ldltåf/f k|]; lg/LIf0f / ahf/ cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . kqklqsfsf] ahf/
cg'udgsf s|ddf ;DalGwt klqsfsf ;Dkfbs, k|sfzs, k|];;Fu ;DalGwt
JolQm, ahf/ ljt/s, lhNnfsf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf k|ltlglw;Fu
5nkmn÷ljrf/ ljdz{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L ljleGg :yfgsf :6]zg/L k;ndf
;Dks{ ul/Psf] lyof] . of] jif{ klg sf7df8f}F pkTosfnufot s]xL df]km;nsf

182
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

lhNnfdf k|]; lg/LIf0f / cg'udg /x]sf 5g\ . ahf/ cg'udg / k|]; lg/LIf0faf6
b]xfosf lgisif{ k|fKt ePsf] 5Ù
-s_ juL{s/0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu dfq s]xL kqklqsfsf] k|sfzg x'g]h:tf]
b]lvG5 . o:tf kqklqsf lan;lxt e'QmfgLsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf
x'nfs sfof{nodf Psd'i7 k]; ug{] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L kqklqsfsf
;~rfnsn] k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn, g]kfn lj1fkg af]8{ / lj1fkg bftfx¿df
dfq kqklqsf afF8\g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ahf/df gb]lvg] kqklqsf
juL{s/0fdf k/]sf 5g\ eGg] ph'/L;d]t kg{] u/]sf] 5 .
-v_ clwsf+z lhNnfdf sf7df8f}Faf6 k|sflzt x'g] k|d'v kqklqsf :yfgLo
:6]zg/L k;nx¿df b]lvPg, sxLF kmf6\6km'6\6 b]lvof] . oL kqklqsfn]
cfˆgf u|fxs / u|fxs ag]sf sfof{nodf cfkm}F ljt/0f ug{] u/]sf] kfOof] .
/fli6«o:t/sf kqklqsf ljutsf eGbf sd ;ª\Vofdf ahf/df cfpg] u/]sf]
b]lvof] .
-u_ sf7df8f}Faf6 k|sflzt x'g] /fli6«o:t/sf ;fKtflxs kqklqsf ahf/df
b]lvPg . o;af6 kqklqsfsf] ahf/ ;ª\s'lrt x'Fb} uPsf] kfOof] .
-3_ :yfgLo :t/af6 k|sflzt clwsf+z b}lgs kqklqsf ahf/df b]lvPg .
:yfgLo:t/af6 k|sflzt ;fKtflxs / cGo lsl;dsf kqklqsf klg ahf/df
e]l6Pgg\ .
-ª_ a¿ df};dL kqklqsf klg ahf/df km:6fPsf] b]lvof] . s'g} lbj; jf
rf8kj{ jf lgjf{rgsf ;dodf k|sflzt x'g] kqklqsf ahf/df kfOof] . oL
kqklqsf lbj; jf rf8kj{ ;lsPkl5 glg:sg] / lj1fkg p7fpgsf nflu
k|sflzt x'g] u/]sf] kfOof] .
-r_ k|foM ;a} kqklqsf ckm;]6 k|];df 5flkg] u/]sf] kfOof] . k|d'v /fli6«o /
s]xL k|b]z / :yfgLo:t/sf b}lgs klqsf j]e k|];df 5flkPsf] b]lvof] .
j]e k|];sf] pknAwtfn] sltko df]km;nsf sltko k|b]z, lhNnfdf klg
kqklqsf 5kfO ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] b]lvof] . s]xL lhNnfdf k|]; gePsfn]
cGo lhNnfdf nu]/ 5fKg'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] b]lvof] .
-5_ ;fdflhs ;~hfn / cgnfOg dfWodsf] lj:tf/ / sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Lkl5
kqklqsfsf] k|sflzt ;ª\Vof / las|L ljt/0fdf sdL cfPsf] b]lvof] .
o;lardf s]xL kqklqsf aGb klg eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L kfOof] .
183
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

;Dkfbs tyf k|]; ;~rfns;Fu 5nkmn

kqklqsfsf] k|]; lg/LIf0f / ahf/ cg'udgsf] 6f]nLn] kqklqsfsf ;Dkfbs
tyf k|]; ;~rfns;Fu klg 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmnsf s|ddf sltko k|];
;~rfnsn] kqklqsf ;~rfnsn] k|];nfO{ 5kfOafkt\sf] /sd gkfPsf] u'gf;f]
;'gfpg' eof] . ljz]iftM sf]/f]gfkl5 kqklqsf k|sfzg ug{] cj:yf cToGt}
bogLo /x]sf] kfOof] . k|fKt ;'emfjÙ
-s_ sfplG;nn] kqklqsf ;Dk/LIf0f÷juL{s/0fdf dfkb08 / cfj]bg lbg]
k|ls|ofnfO{ ;/nLs/0f agfpg'k5{ .
-v_ 5fkf kqsfl/tf ljz]iftM ;fgf nufgLsf] kqklqsfsf] cj:yf cToGt} bogLo
aGb} uO/x]sfn] ;+/If0fsf nflu sfplG;nn] ljz]if gLlt agfpg'k5{ .
-u_ …ldl8of dh{/Ú k|ls|ofnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ gLlt agfpg'k5{ .
-3_ /fHon] kqsf/nfO{ ;x'lntk"0f{ C0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
-ª_ :yfgLo lj1fkgnfO{ :yfgLo kqklqsfdf g} k|fyldstf lbOg'kb{5 .
-r_ ;dfg'kflts lj1fkg k|0ffnLnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
-5_ k|]; sfplG;nn] kqsf/ / ldl8ofsf] lgodgnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L
agfpg'kb{5 .
-h_ kqsf/nfO{ lhNnf / k|b]zdf ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf0f, ljt/0f ;Dk/LIf;DaGwL
dfkb08af/] k|lzIf0f lbOg'kb{5 .

lgisif{
-s_ kqklqsf w/} ;ª\Vofdf k|sflzt gx'g], k|sflzt eP klg las|L gx'g],
ahf/df vf; gb]lvg] / nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkgsf] e'QmfgLsf nflu dfq}
kqklqsf 5kfOg] k|j[lQ a9]sf] b]lvof] .
-v_ cfly{s dGbL / 5kfOafktsf] /sd e'StfgL gx'Fbf s]xL k|]; aGb ePsf]
kfOof] .
-u_ k|foM ;fgf nufgLsf kqklqsf kf]lnKn]6df 5flkPsf] b]lvof] .
-3_ kqklqsf 5fkfvfgfnfO{ k|sflzt ug{ …7]SsfÚdf lhDdf lbg] / sDKo'6/
ck/]6/n] g} ;fdu|L ;]l6ª u/]/ k|sflzt ul/lbg] k|j[lQ ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
Pp6} sDKo'6/ ck/]6/n] o:tf] lhDdf lnP/ w]/} klqsf ;]l6ª ug]{] ubf{

184
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

kqklqsf slkk]i6 -x'ax'_ a9]sf] b]lvof] .

-ª_ k|foM ;fKtflxs klqsf Psd'i7¿kdf 5flkg] u/]sf] kfOof] .
-r_ k|foM ;a} ldl8ofdf cfly{s ;ª\s6 b]lvof] . ljz]iftM ;fKtflxs, dfl;s
kqklqsfsf] l:ylt cGoGt} gfh's /x]sf] a'lemof] . b}lgs kqklqsf klg w]/}
sd dfqfdf 5flkg] u/]sf] kfOof] .
-5_ ;fKtflxs / dfl;s kqklqsf ahf/df vf;} b]lvFb}gg\ / ahf/df b]lvP klg
las|L x'Fb}gg\ .
-h_ ;~rf/u[x ;~rfngfy{ bL3{sfnLg ;f]r gx'Fbf / ah]6 Joj:yfkgsf nflu
:yfgLo txaf6 ;d]t Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sbf ;~rf/ u[x s|dzM aGb x'g
yfn]sf] kfOof] .
-em_ slxn]sfxLF / rf8kj{df dfq} k|sflzt x'g] kqklqsfsf] ;ª\Vof a9]sf]
b]lvof] .
-`_ k|sflzt kqklqsfdf 5kfOsf] :t/Lotf b]lvPg, ;fdu|Ldf df}lnstf
kfOPg . >4f~hnL / awfOsf lj1fkgn] k[i7 el/g] u/]sf b]lvof] .
-6_ sltko kqsf/ / k|]; ;~rfnsn] k];f g} kl/jt{g u/]sf] kfOof] .
o;}u/L cf=j= @)&(÷*) sf] juL{s/0f÷d"Nofª\sgsf nflu g]kfne/af6
*(% j6f kqklqsfn] ;lrjfnodf cfj]bg kmf/d e/]sf 5g\ .

185
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

$=@ k|]; :jtGqtf cg'udg

kqsf/n] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ s|ddf ljleGg kIfaf6 x'g] u/]sf b'Jo{jxf/,
wfswDsL, oftgfnufotaf6 6f9f /fVg / o:tf 36gf x'g uPdf Gofo lbnfpg]
p2]Zon] k|; ] sfplG;n g]kfnn] @)&& ;fn ebf}bl] v k|; ] :jtGqtf cg'udg ;'?
u/]sf]] lyof] . clxn] klg lgoldt ¿kdf pSt sfo{ x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . >dhLjL kqsf/n]
kfl/>lds gkfpFbf, tf]lsPeGbf sd tna kfpFbf, sfg'gljk/Lt lhDd]jf/Laf6 x6fOFbf
Gofo lbnfpg dfu ub{} sfplG;ndf lgj]bg cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . sfplG;nn] b}lgs
b]lvPsf / lgj]bg dfkm{t k|fKt ePsf k|; ] :jtGqtf xgg / >dhLjL kqsf/
cGofodf k/]sf 36gfsf] clen]v /fVb} cfPsf] 5 . sfplG;nn] o;af/] ljj/0f klg
cfjlBs ¿kdf cfˆgf] j]a;fO6dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
lj=;+= @)*) r}tdf a;]sf] sfplG;n af]8{ a}7sn] …k|]; :jtGqtf cg'udg
sfo{ljlw, @)*)Ú :jLs[t u/]kl5 ;f]xL cfwf/df cg'udg / sf/afxL x'Fb} cfPsf]
5 . k|]; :jtGqtf tyf ldl8of k|jw{g dxfzfvfcGtu{t /x]sf] k|]; :jtGqtf
cg'udg tyf sfg'g zfvfn] k|]; :jtGqtf xgg lj?4sf 36gfnfO{ cg'udg /
cfjZos sf/afxL ub{5 .
o; zfvfn]
8 k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yfaf/] cBfjlws ljj/0f /fVg],
8 Kf|]; :jtGqtf xggsf 36gfx¿sf] clen]v ug{] / lg0f{ofg';f/ ljj/0f
;fj{hlgs ug{],
8 lgod, ljlgod, sfo{ljlw, dfkb08 lgdf{0f h:tf sfo{df ;3fpg],
8 d'2f dfldnf;DaGwL sfo{df ;xhLs/0f ug{],
8 b]ze/sf kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodsf] clen]v /fVg], tYo ;ª\sng ug]{,
8 ;~rf/ dfWod / kqsf/lj?4 ljleGg cbfnt, lgsfodf k/]sf l/6 ph'/L /
km};nfsf] clen]v /fVg] h:tf sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
k|]; :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f / >dhLjL kqsf/sf] lxtsf ;fy} dfly plNnlvt
sfo{ ug{ pk;ldltaf6 gLlt lgdf{0f x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
sfo{ljlw
k|]; :jtGqtf cg'udg;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)*) xfn sfof{Gjodf /x]sf] 5 .

186
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

zfvfåf/f ;Dkflbt sfo{

lgoldt cg'udg
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefudf btf{ ePsf kqklqsf, sfplG;ndf ;"rLs[t
cgnfOg dfWod / btf{ ePsf— …ldl8ofsf k]hÚ x¿sf cfwf/df ldl8of cg'udg
cfwf/df ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cf=j= @)*)÷*! Dff k|]; :jtGqtf xgg;DaGwL &(
36gf clen]vg ul/Psf] 5 .
-lj:t[t tnsf] tflnsfdf_
k|b]zsf cfwf/df 36gf ljj/0f
sf];L dw]z afudtL u08sL n'lDagL s0ff{nL ;'b'/klZrd
36gf k|s[lt hDdf
k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z k|b]z
Kfs|fp÷ckx/0f ! @ ! ) ) ) @ ^
sAhf÷cj/f]w ! @ @ ) ) ) ) %
s'6lk6÷cfs|d0f ! ^ $ ! ) ) ) !@
wDsL÷b'Jo{jxf/ & * !^ # @ ! ) #&
k];fut c;'/Iff ) ) !$ ! ! ) ) !^
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zª\sf:kb d[To' ) @ ) ) ) ) ) @
hDdf 36gf ;ª\Vof !) @) #* % # ! @ &(

lnª\usf cfwf/df 36gf ljj/0f

dlxnf k'?if hDdf
@ $ ^
) % %
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! #^ #&
! !% !^
! ) !
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 c= k|]; :jtGqtf;DaGwL 36gfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f

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36gfsf] 36gf ePsf] ;|f]t lnª\u
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c;'/Iff $ ut] u0f]z a:g]tsf] …Po/kf]6{af6 a/fdb >]i7 / cWoIf
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hgsk'/kf]i6 86sdsf] gSsnL
@)*) k'; !$
jflif{s k|ltj]

!)= b'?kof]u Dfw]; !

ut] s0f{ k|x/L]åf/f ks|fp
https://www.souryaonline.
Dfxf]Q/L k|]; sf8{ agfP/ 7uL ug]{] bLks com/2023/12/569184.html

gful/s p8\oog k|flws/0fsf

dxflgb]{zs k|bLk clwsf/Låf/f bafa ;fKtflxsdf @)*)
@)*) df3 sflGtk'/ b}lgssf kqsf/ ;'/h
!!= b'?kof]u afUdtL sf7df8f}F df3 @) ut] k|sflzt !
bg – @)*)÷*!

!* ut] sF'j/nfO{ 3'; lbP/ pgn] ToxfF

ePsf a]lyltaf/] ;dfrf/ gn]v]sf] ;dfrf/
cf/f]k
Kf]|; rf}tf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o u0f]z
cfrfo{n] kqsfl/tfsf] cf8df Hf]i7 ^ ut]sf] b]zfGt/
@)*! Hf]7
!@= b'?kof]u Nf'lDagL bfª ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq lbnfOlbg] ;fKtflxsdf k|sflzt !
^ ut] eGb} ljleGg JolQmx¿af6 /sd ;dfrf/
c;'n u/]sf] cf/f]k
lgj]bgpk/ sf/afxL
Kf|]; :jtGqtf xggsf 36gf / >dhLjL kqsf/sf] clwsf/ xggsf 36gfdf k|]; :jtGqtf cg'udg;DaGwL sfo{ljlw / ;DalGwt
pk;ldltsf lg0f{osf cfwf/df sf/afxL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
 lgj]bg k|fKt
l;=g+= lgj]bssf] gfd 36gfdf ;+nUg kIf lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt a]xf]/f Zffvfaf6 ePsf] s}lkmot
ldlt
;dfrf/sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;f] 36gf pNn]v ub{}
Pe/]i6 Go'hsf ;Dkfbs rGb| u[x dGqfnonfO{ kqfrf/ 36gfsf ;DaGwdf k|x/Ln] dfkmL
@)*) ;fpg k|x/L kl/;/
!= rGb| jfDa' jfDa'nfO{ k|x/L kl/;/ sfof{no ul/Psf] / lgj]bs;Fu dfu]sf] / cfkm"n] klg lbPsf]
!* ut] hfjnfv]n
hfjnfv]naf6 k6s k6s kmf]g 36gfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lgj]bsaf6 hfgsf/L k|fKt
u/L pkl:yt x'g bafa dfu ul/Psf]
sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf sfo{/t kqsf/
ct'n ld>åf/f cfkm"n] ljleGg sflGtk'/ klAns]G;;Fu ;f] klAns];G;af6 lgj]bsnfO{
@)*) c;f]h sflGtk'/
@= ct'n ld> zLif{sdf kfpg'kg]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L dfu kfl/>lds lbnfO;lsPsf]
@$ ut] klAns];G;
gkfPsf] eGb} lbnfOlbg dfu ub{} ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt
sfplG;ndf lgj]bg k];
sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf sfo{/t kqsf/
bfdf]b/ Gof}kfg]åf/f cfkm"n] ljleGg sflGtk'/ klAns]G;;Fu ;f] klAns];G;af6 lgj]bsnfO{
@)*) c;f]h sflGtk'/
#= bfdf]b/ Gof}kfg] zLif{sdf kfpg'kg]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L dfu kfl/>lds lbnfO;lsPsf]
@$ ut klAns];G;
gkfPsf] eGb} lbnfOlbg dfu ub{} ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt
sfplG;ndf lgj]bg k];
sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf sfo{/t kqsf/
cg'k cf]emfåf/f cfkm"n] ljleGg sflGtk'/ klAns]G;;Fu ;f] klAns];G;af6 lgj]bsnfO{
@)*) c;f]h sflGtk'/
$= cg'k cf]emf zLif{sdf kfpg'kg]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L dfu kfl/>lds lbnfO;lsPsf]
@$ ut klAns];G;
gkfPsf] eGb} lbnfOlbg dfu ub{} ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt
sfplG;ndf lgj]bg k];
j8fWoIf bg'jf/n] dfkmL dfu]sf]
sfe]| kfFrvfn !@ sf j8fWoIf
@)*) sfe]| kfFrvfn lgj]bs;Fu kl5Nnf] / cfkm"n] dfkmL lbP/ d]nldnfk
/fhs'df/ 1fgaxfb'/ bg'jf/n] ;Gb]zkq
%= sflQs % !@ sf j8fWoIf cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L dfu u/]sf] tfdfªåf/f hfgsf/L
tfdfª 86sdsf ;~rfns /fhs'df/
ut] 1fgaxfb'/ bg'jf/ ul/Psf]
tfdfªdfly s'6lk6 u/L 3fOt]

207
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 lgj]bg k|fKt
l;=g+= lgj]bssf] gfd 36gfdf ;+nUg kIf lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt a]xf]/f Zffvfaf6 ePsf] s}lkmot
ldlt

208
Od]h u|'k ckm sDklghdf !( Od]h u|'k ckm sDklgh;Fu
@)*)
jif{b]lv sfo{/t ;f]d/fh kf]v/]nn] lgj]bssf] kfpg afFsL c;f/ !& ut] kqfrf/ ul/Psf]df
^= dlª\;/ $ ;f]d/fh kf]v/]n Od]h 6]lnlehg
jflif{s k|ltj]

;+:yfaf6 kfpg'kg{] ;]jf;'ljwf ;'ljwfsf af/]df hfgsf/L hjfkm k|fKt gePsf]

ut]
afktsf] /sd gkfPsf] dfu ul/Psf]
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 nlntk'/
zfvf ;b:o tyf va/ ;s{nsf
g]kfn ko{6g tyf
@)*) df3 ;Dkfbs ;fu/ b]jsf]6fnfO{ ;"rgf Kf|lti7fg;Fu lnlvt ¿kdf Kf|lti7fgåf/f kqsf/ b]jsf]6fnfO{
&= ;fu/ b]jsf]6f xf]6n Joj:yfkg
bg – @)*)÷*!

@# ut] dfu ubf{ g]kfn ko{6g tyf hjfkm dfu ul/Psf] ;"rgf lbO;lsPsf] hjfkm k|fKt
-gfyd_
xf]6n Joj:yfkgsf sd{rf/Låf/f
b'Jo{jxf/
d]uf l6eLsf b[Zo;Dkfbs ?k]Gb|
@)*) kmfu'g 6]lnlehg;Fu kqdfkm{t lgj]bsn] sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf]
*= ?k]Gb| zfSo Df]uf 6]lnlehg zfSonfO{ $ dlxgfsf] tna /
@$ ut] hfgsf/L dfu ul/Psf] tna kfO;s]sf] hjfkm k|fKt
;]jf ;'ljwf glbPsf]
b g]kfn 6k cgnfOgdf sfo{/t
@)*! r}t Dflgiff b g]kfn 6k ldl8of;Fu kqdfkm{t k6s ldl8ofsf ;~rfns xfn;Dd
(= kqsf/ dlgiff nfld5fg]n] cf7
@) ut] nfld5fg] cgnfOg k6s hjfkm dfu ul/Psf] klg ;Dks{df gcfPsf]
dlxgfsf] kfl/>lds gkfPsf]
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

kqsf/sf] ljj/0f ;ª\sng

g]kfndf sfo{/t kqsf/sf] PsLs[t tYofª\s /fVgsf nflu k|]; sfplG;n
g]kfnn] o; cf=j=b]lv tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . o;} s|ddf ljleGg
ldltdf kqsf/sf ;ª\3;+:yf;Fu ljj/0f dfu ul/Psf] 5 . xfn;Dd g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;ª\3, k"jf{wf/ kqsf/ ;dfh, ljkb\ Joj:yfkg kqsf/ ;dfh,
dlxnf cfly{s kqsf/ ;ª\3, lzIff kqsf/ ;~hfn nufotaf6 ljj/0f k|fKt
ePsf] 5 .

u[x dGqfno;“u 36gfsf af/]df hfgsf/L dfu

o; jif{ clen]vg ePsf 36gfdWo] @) 36gfdf k|zf;g÷k|x/L / ;'/Iff
lgsfosf] ;+nUgtf b]lvPsfn] u[x dGqfno;Fu ldlt @)*! h]7 #! Uft] kqfrf/
u/L hfgsf/L dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . k|]; :jtGqtf xggsf oL 36gfdf ljleGg
lhNnfsf k|zf;g sfof{no, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, /fli6«o cg';Gwfg
ljefu / sltko 36gfdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;d]t k|ToIf÷ck|ToIf ;+nUgtf /x]sf]
cg'udgsf s|ddf kfOPsf] lyof] . ;f] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{noaf6
;"rgf ;ª\sng eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L dfq dGqfno / g]kfn k|x/Laf6 k|fKt ePsf]
5.

sfo{s|d
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] ldlt @)*! c;f/ @& ut] …k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yf
/ r'gf}tLÚ ljifos 5nkmn sfo{s|d u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{s|ddf u[x dGqfnosf
k|ltlglw, rf/}j6f ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|jQmf, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 / kqsf/ / kqsfl/tfsf If]qdf ls|zfzLn ;ª\3;+:yfsf
k|ltlglwsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf ;xefuLx¿n] sfo{s|d k|efjsf/L
/x]sf] eGb} lg/Gt/tfsf] dfu ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

209
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

$=# ldl8of k|jw{g

ldl8of k|jw{g
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / p2]Zocg'?k ;~rf/ dfWod /
kqsf/sf] j[lQljsf;sf nflu ljleGg sfo{s|d / of]hgfdfkm{t ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb}
cfPsf] 5 . sfplG;ndf vf]lnPsf ljleGg sf]ifdfkm{t ldl8ofsf] j[xQ/ ljsf;,
k|ljlw ;'wf/, kqsf/sf] bIftf clej[l4, cf}ifwf]krf/sf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u
ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu sfplG;ndf vf]lnPsf sf]if / cfly{s jif{ -cf=j=_
@)*)÷*! df ul/Psf] of]ubfgM–
!= kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if
o; sf]ifaf6 la/fdL kqsf/nfO{ sfo{ljlwsf] cwLgdf /xL jif{df ?= #)
xhf/;Dd ;xof]u ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . of] sf]ifaf6 o;jif{ pknAw u/fOPsf]
;xof]usf] ljj/0fÙ
cf=j= @)*)÷*!
@)*) ;fpg !
s|=;+= kqsf/sf] gfd lhNnf ;~rf/ dfWod ut]b]lv @)*!
c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
! cho ;Gtf]ifL /fO{ wgs'6f wgs'6f ;fKtflxs !),))).–
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
@ k|]d :ofª\tfª sf7df8f}F #),))).–
sf7df8f}F zfvf ;b:o
# u0f]zaxfb'/ aflgofF nlntk'/ k|fOd 6]lnlehg !*,))).–
$ s]zj/fh bfxfn nlntk'/ k|fOd Pr 8L 6]lnlehg ^,))).–
% /fh'k|;fb g]kfn nlntk'/ vf]h lehg Go'h 86sd ^,))).–
^ gf/fo0f ln+vf b]jfg nlntk'/ lehg Go'h 86sd !),))).–
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
& k|bLks'df/ Gof}kfg] sf7df8f}F &,))).–
sf7df8f}F zfvf ;b:o
* lbg]z sfsL{ sf7df8f}F g]kfnofqf ;fKtflxs ^,))).–
( /fhs'df/ 9sfn sf7df8f}F /]8{jfOh g]kfn 86sd ^,))).–
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
!) g]qk|;fb l3ld/] c3f{vfFrL ^,))).–
sf7df8f}F ;b:o

210
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

@)*) ;fpg !
s|=;+= kqsf/sf] gfd lhNnf ;~rf/ dfWod ut]b]lv @)*!
c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
!! Ps/fh bfxfn l;Gw'nL uf]nd]r ;fKtflxs @#,))).–
/]l8of] yfxf ;~rf/÷/ftf]kf6L
!@ lj/]Gb| cf]nL sf7df8f}F *,))).–
86sd
ljtf{Hof]lt ;fKtflxs
!# t'n;Lk|;fb lg/f}nf emfkf #),))).–
k|sfzs÷;Dkfbs
!$ j]bk|;fb x'dfufO{ emfkf /f;; emfkf ;+jfbbftf @!,))).–
!% ls/0fk|;fb clwsf/L g'jfsf]6 ;'Gb/fb]jL ;Gb]z ;fKtflxs ^,))).–
gofF klqsf b}lgs, bf]nvf
!^ Zofdk|;fb vltj8f bf]nvf !),))).–
;+jfbbftf
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
!& ch'{gk|;fb zdf{ lrtjg !@,))).–
lrtjg zfvf ;b:o
!* lr/~hLjL l3ld/] emfkf gofF klqsf b}lgs ^,))).–
sf/f]af/ b}lgs÷cGgk"0f{kf]i6
!( ;lrtfgGb /fO{ Onfd *,))).–
b}lgs
gofF ofqf ;fKtflxs÷/f;;
@) l8naxfb'/ zfxL ?s'd *,))).–
;+jfbbftf
@! rl08sf lzjfsf]6L bf]nvf gofF ljsNk ;fKtflxs &,))).–
@@ cfgGb u'?ª emfkf :jtGq kqsf/ !),))).–
@# eujtL kf08] ?kGb]xL n'lDagL ;fd'bflos 6]lnlehg !%,))).–
@$ dfgl;+x ljs /f]Nkf /f]Nkf ;dfrf/ ;fKtflxs !),))).–
@% 6+saxfb'/ sfsL{ eStk'/ 6f]lS;nf bk{0f ;fKtflxs ^,))).–
@^ e'jg b]jsf]6f bfª /fKtL kf]i6 b}lgs, ;Dkfbs &,))).–
@& b]jLbQ kf}8]n nlntk'/ b}lgsL Go'h 86sd !),))).–
@* 1fg]Gb| v8\sf ef]hk'/ g]kfn va/ 86sd (,))).–
@( lnnfw/ l/dfn gjnk/f;L ;doaf]w dfl;s *,))).–
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
#) Vofdk|;fb rfkfufO{ Onfd !),))).–
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sd{rf/L

211
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

@)*) ;fpg !
s|=;+= kqsf/sf] gfd lhNnf ;~rf/ dfWod ut]b]lv @)*!
c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
#! gljg l/hfn b}n]v /f;; b}n]v ;+jfbbftf ^,))).–
/fdf/f]zg b}lgs,
#@ g/]zs'df/ zfxL c5fd *,))).–
k|sfzs÷;Dkfbs
## g]qk|;fb Gof}kfg] df]/ª l;6Lkf]i6 b}lgs !),))).–
#$ l8saxfb'/ tfdfª emfkf g]kfn 6]lnlehg ^,))).–
g]kfn 6]lnlehg emfkf lhNnf
#% gf/fo0f cof{n emfkf !@,))).–
;+jfbbftf
#^ cg'zf r'8fn emfkf ho nf]stGq ;fKtflxs ^,))).–
#& u+ufaxfb'/ nfdf nlntk'/ cgnfOg klqsf ^,))).–
#* /fwf >]i7 nlntk'/ vf]h ld;g Go'h 86sd ^,))).–
#( dx]zrGb| l/hfn bfª gofF o'uaf]w b}lgs (,))).–
cjwf/0ff ;fKtflxs,
$) uLtf~hnL clwsf/L lrtjg !%,))).–
;x;Dkfbs
$! sdn/fh kf}8]n alb{of s[lif jftfj/0f cfjfh kflIfs !),))).–
rrf{ ;fKtflxs
$@ e'if0f Gof}kfg] uf]/vf !%,))).–
;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs
$# ljgf]b l;+x lji6 a}t8L /f;; a}t8L ;+jfbbftf !),))).–
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 emfkf
$$ uf]ljGbk|;fb clwsf/L emfkf *,))).–
zfvf ;b:o
$% bLk]Gb| zdf{ hfh/sf]6 s'z]va/ 86sd !%,))).–
;'gf}nf] :ju{ g]kfn,
$^ eLdk|;fb sf]O/fnf sf7df8f}F ^,))).–
;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs
$& ljgf]bs'df/ 3tL{ hfh/sf]6 e]l/dflnsf b}lgs !%,))).–
$* k|]daxfb'/ lbofnL ;'g;/L u0f/fHo ;fKtflxs @%,))).–
$( s}nfz rfkfufO{ df]/ª /]l8of] k"j{]nL cfjfh ^,))).–
6S;f/Go'h 86sd, 6S;f/
%) uh]Gb| a'9fyf]sL sf7df8f}F !),))).–
cfly{s Dofulhg

212
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

@)*) ;fpg !
s|=;+= kqsf/sf] gfd lhNnf ;~rf/ dfWod ut]b]lv @)*!
c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
Go'h @$, xfn g]kfn 1fg
%! s[i0fs'df/L rf}nfufO{ sfe|]knf~rf]s !),))).–
86sd
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3
%@ ch'{gaxfb'/ sfsL{ nlntk'/ ^,))).–
nlntk'/ zfvf ;b:o
/f=;=;=, PleGo'h 6]lnlheg
%# hgfb{g l3ld/] u'NdL !),))).–
u'NdL ;+jfbbftf
;'gsf];L Go'h 86sd,
%$ ;/nf sfsL{ sf7df8f}F ^,))).–
pk;Dkfbs
%% lji0f'axfb'/ cfn] nlntk'/ d"naf6f] 86sd ^,))).–
uf]/vfkq b}lgs÷lxdfno
%^ slj/fh l3ld/] wgs'6f 6fOD; b}lgs wgs'6f !),))).–
;+jfbbftf
hDdf vr{ %,*!,))).–
kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if :yfkgfb]lv k|bfg ul/Psf] /sd
cf=j= /sd k|fKt JolSt ;ª\Vof-hgf_ /sd ?=
@)%#÷%$ % #%,))).–
@)%$÷%% !@ !,)(,!%^.)(
@)%%÷%^ !! *^,%)).–
@)%^÷%& !# ^),%)).–
@)%&÷%* !% &@,))).–
@)%*÷%( !@ **,))).–
@)%(÷^) !* (#,%)).–
@)^)÷^! !! &!,))).–
@)^!÷^@ @@ !,&!,%)).–
@)^@÷^# !@ ^$,))).–
@)^#÷^$ @% !,%$,))).–
@)^$÷^% @$ !,@*,%)).–

213
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

cf=j= /sd k|fKt JolSt ;ª\Vof-hgf_ /sd ?=

@)^%÷^^ @) !,!$,%)).–
@)^^÷^& & $%,))).–
@)^&÷^* !( !,##,%)).–
@)^*÷^( @) @,!!,))).–
@)^(÷&) !% !,$#,%)).–
@)&)÷&! @! @,$!,))).–
@)&!÷&@ $) #,#!,))).–
@)&@÷&# #! @,(*,))).–
@)&#÷&$ #! @,&^,))).–
@)&$÷&% $# $,*),))).–
@)&%÷&^ $* $,&$,))).–
@)&^÷&& $) %,*$,))).–
@)&&÷&* $) ^,&^,))).–
@)&*÷&( $( !),)!,))).–
@)&(÷*) %* *,#(,))).–
@)*)÷*! %^ %,*!,))).–
hDdf &!* &%,^@,!%^.)(

@= ldl8of ljsf; sf]if

sfplG;nn] df]km;ndf ;~rf/ dfWodn] ef]Ug'k/]sf k|f/lDes ;d:ofsf]
lg/fs/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] x/]s jif{ df]km;ndf sfo{/t kqsf/nfO{
;~rf/ pks/0f vl/bdf cg'bfg, ;~rf/ s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu ;xof]u,
;f]wkq n]vg, 5fqj[lQ, /fxt nufotdf ;xof]u tyf cg'bfg k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf]
5 . ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifaf6 ljleGg zLif{sdf pknAw u/fOPsf] cg'bfg;lxt
sfo{s|dsf] ljj/0fÙ

214
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

Nofk6ktkm{ vl/bsf nflu cf=j= @)*)÷*! df pknAw u/fOPsf] cg'bfg

s|=;+= lgj]bssf] gfd lhNnf ;+nUgtf /sd ?=
1= lji0f'nfn a'9f 8f]Nkf lxdfnL ;':s]/f ;fKtflxs #(,(^).–
2= sfnLaxfb'/ yfkf x'Dnf /]l8of] >Lgu/ PkmPd #^,))).–
3= Zofd;'Gb/ ;'ltxf/ df]/ª s|fOd ck/];g ;fKtflxs #(,(@).–
4= v'df jnL bfª lbof]kf]i6 86sd #(,(&(.–
5= /d]z ljsn tgx'F tgx'F cfjfh ;fKtflxs $),))).–
6= ;'lgn >]i7 g'jfsf]6 8anLva/ 86sd $),))).–
7= cf]dk|;fb zdf{ …3fonÚ kj{t ;dfrf/jf0fL 86sd $),))).–
8= o'j/fh kf}8]n emfkf k"j{Go'h 86sd $),))).–
9= nlntaxfb'/ a'9f ;'v]{t cGgk"0f{kf]i6 b}lgs #(,!^).–
10= 8Da/axfb'/ af]x/f a}t8L lxdfno 6fOD; b}lgs #^,))).–
11= wgaxfb'/ af]x/f s~rgk'/ cleofg g]kfnL b}lgs #(,**).–
12= dlgtf rflDnª /fO{ ;'g;/L lbJo/f]zgL ;fKtflxs #(,*)).–
13= ;Gtaxfb'/ tfdfª bf]nvf z}n'ª cgnfOg 86sd #(,*)).–
14= gljg u'?ª ;ª\v'jf;ef ;ª\v'jf;ef PS;k|]; ;fKtflxs $),))).–
15= eLdaxfb'/ /;fOnL d':tfª lxdfnkf/Lsf] cfjfh ;fKtflxs #(,(*).–
16= wgs'df/L yfkf lrgf df]/ª bz{g b}lgs #(,&&^.–
17= j[h/fh sf]O/L s';xjf gjnk/f;L cgnfOg hgtf 86sd $),))).–
klZrd
18= dx]z s];L ?s'dk"j{ sflGtk'/ b}lgs÷/flKtkf]i6 b}lgs $),))).–
19= cGhgLs'df/ clwsf/L pbok'/ /f}tfdfO{ b}lgs $),))).–
20= /fhf emf wg'iff b]z;~rf/ 86sd $),))).–
21= gf]lv/fd yfkf lj=s= ;Nofg s'dfv b}lgs #(,*)).–
22= k'gd du/ lrtjg /]l8of] ;flxgf] #&,*)).–
23= hd'gf Go"/] s}nfnL ;QL s0ff{nL ;fKtflxs #(,^)).–
24= df]xl;g clnldof uf]/vf l;lenva/ 86sd $),))).–
25= ljkgf kf08] sflnsf]6 cleef/f /fli6«o ;fKtflxs $),))).–
26= bLks cfrfo{ cg'/fuL slknj:t' dfofb]jL cgnfOg 86sd @*,))).–

215
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= lgj]bssf] gfd lhNnf ;+nUgtf /sd ?=

27= ;fxf/f lnDa' tfKn]h'ª /]l8of] sfa]nL $),))).–
28= kfj{tL clwsf/L wflbª g]l6hg g]kfn 86sd #*,))).–
29= o1k|;fb ;fksf]6f alb{of gofFklqsf b}lgs #(,*)).–
30= ;/:jtL 9sfn u'NdL sf/f]af/ b}lgs $),))).–
hDdf !!,&#,@%%.–
Sofd/ftkm{ vl/bsf nflu cf=j= @)*)÷*! df pknAw u/fOPsf] cg'bfg
s|=;+= lgj]bssf] gfd ;+:yf lhNnf /sd ?=
!= gf/fo0f g]kfn sDkgkf]i6 86sd g'jfsf]6 %(,^$).–
@= lzNkf s0f{ dw]z kf]i6 ;nf{xL %*,@)).–
#= wd{nfn ;'gf/ kflnsfGo'h 86sd afh'/f %*,#)*.–
$= lg/hs'df/ >]i7 xfd|f]cgnfOgGo'h 86sd /fd]5fk ^),))).–
%= clgn 9sfn cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 b}lgs lrtjg %&,^)).–
^= nf]s]Gb| lnDa' pHofnf]kf]i6 b}lgs tfKn]h'ª ^),))).–
hDdf #,%#,&$*.–
zf]wkq n]vg -5fqj[lQ_sf nflu cf=j= @)*)÷*! df pknAw u/fOPsf] cg'bfg
s|=;= gfd lhNnf /sd s}lkmot
!= k|sfz s];L u'NdL @%,))).–
@= dfgaxfb'/ e08f/L l;Gw'kfNrf]s @%,))).–
#= l;h{gf vqL u'NdL @%,))).–
$= lszf]/ lg/f}nf emfkf @%,))).–
hDdf !,)),))).–
n]vgj[l4 -km]nf]l;k_sf nflu cf=j= @)*)÷*! df pknAw u/fOPsf] cg'bfg
s|=;+= lgj]bssf] gfd k|b]z lhNnf ljifo ;+nUgtf /sd ?=
>dhLjL kqsf/sf]
!= ;dLIff s];L n'lDagL bfª lbof]kf]i6 86sd !%,))).–
cj:yf
ldl8of If]qdf ldl8of g'jfsf]6 k'sf/
@= k|bLk g]kfn afudtL g'jf]sf6 !%,))).–
ljsf; sf]ifsf] of]ubfg ;fKtflxs

216
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= lgj]bssf] gfd k|b]z lhNnf ljifo ;+nUgtf /sd ?=

:j/f]huf/d"ns ;~rf/
#= clDasf bhL{ n'lDagL ?kGb]xL dfWodsf] cj:yf / /]l8of] hfu/0f !%,))).–
r'gf}tL
;bfrf/ k|jw{gdf ;xLva/
$= uf]lkgL bfxfn afudtL dsjfgk'/ !%,))).–
ldl8of ;fKtflxs
;~rf/sf] gofF k|ljlwn]
x]dgfy
%= afudtL /;'jf k/Dk/fut kqsfl/tfdf /]l8of] /;'jf !%,))).–
vltj8f
kf/]sf] k|efj
;~rf/sf] gofF k|ljlwn]
sDkgkf]i6
^= uLtf clwsf/L afudtL wflbª k/Dk/fut kqsfl/tfdf !%,))).–
8s6d
kf/]sf] k|efj
:yfgLo snf, ;+:s[lt
lxdfn va/
&= ;l/tf bfxfn afudtL dsjfgk'/ Oltxf;sf] k|jw{gsf !%,))).–
klqsf
nflu ldl8of
:j/f]huf/d"ns ;~rf/
*= lbks af]xf]/f s0ff{nL ?s'dklZrd dfWodsf] cj:yf / clu|d ;fKtflxs !%,))).–
r'gf}tL
>dhLjL kqsf/sf] cgnfOg 8anL
(= lbk]Gb| /fjn ;'b"/klZrd c5fd !%,))).–
cj:yf 86sd
s[i0ff lji6 k|b]zdf kqsfl/tfsf] x]6f}F8f;Gb]z
!)= afudtL dsjfgk'/ !%,))).–
;'lgtf cj:yf 86sd
hDdf !,%),))).–
;~rf/s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu pknAw u/fOPsf] cg'bfg
s|=;= gfd lhNnf /sd ?=
!= g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 c3f{vfFrL zfvf c3f{vfFrL !,$(,((*.$^
hDdf M !,$(,((*.$^
;~rf/s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu xfn;Dd cg'bfg lbPsf lhNnf zfvf
!= l;Gw'kfNrf]s @= wgs'6f #= ?s'd $= s}nfnL %= ef]hk'/
^= l;Gw'nL &= h'Dnf *= wflbª (= 8f]6L, c5fd !)= c3f{vfFrL
-;+o'St zfvf_

217
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

!!= kfFry/ !@= afh'/f !#= vf]6fª !$= afUn'ª !%= /fd]5fk
!^= d'u' !&= ;'v]{t !*= u'NdL !(= bfª @)= 88]Nw'/f
@!= hfh/sf]6 @@= Onfd @#= bfr'{nf @$= /f]Nkf @%= a}t8L
@^= :ofª\hf @&= x'Dnf @*= slknj:t' @(= kfNkf #)= kj{t
#!= Ko'7fg #@= bf]nvf ##= g'jfsf]6 #$= s~rgk'/ #%= afFs]
#^= ;nf{xL #&= df]/ª #*= dxf]Q/L #(= l;/fxf $)= sflnsf]6
$!= dsjfgk'/ $@= emfkf $#= ;Nofg $$= tfKn]h'ª $%= lrtjg
$^= wg'iff $&= cf]vn9'ª\uf $* t]x|y'd $( a}t8L %) c3f{vfFrL
cf=j= )*)÷*! df ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifaf6 pknAw u/fOPsf] Aofh cg'bfg
s|=;= gfd lhNnf /sd ?=
!= /]l8of] 8f]Nkf PkmPd -clGtd ls:tf_ 8f]Nkf @,%&(.%)
hDdf @,%&(.%)
e"sDk k|efljt lhNnf hfh/sf]6 / ?s'dklZrdsf kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ /fxt:j?k
pknAw u/fOPsf] OG6/g]6 cg'bfg
kqsf/tkm{
s|=;= gfd lhNnf /sd ?=
!= xl/x/l;+x /f7f]/ hfh/sf]6 !@,))).–
@= eLdaxfb'/ l;+x hfh/sf]6 !@,))).–
#= lbkaxfb'/ 3tL{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
$= 6'sdfof 3tL{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
%= ;/f]h cf]nL hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
^= x]dGt s];L hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
&= sfnLaxfb'/ g]kfnL hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
*= nf]s]Gb| ljs|d zfxL hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
(= kjg zdf{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!)= e/ts'df/ zdf{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!!= o'4hLt zdf{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–

218
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;= gfd lhNnf /sd ?=

!@= ljgf]bs'df/ 3tL{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!#= ;xb]j a:g]t hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!$= /fh]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!%= afns'df/ zdf{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!^= lbk]Gb| zdf{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!&= ;l/tf a:g]t hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!*= /]zdaxfb'/ v8\sf hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
!(= af;'b]j zdf{ hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
@)= eLd v8\sf hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
@!= zf/bf k'g hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
@@= ;'zLn /fjn hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
@# = k|sfz /f]sfo hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
@$= dfnaxfb'/ l;+x hfh/sf]6 *,))).–
@%= d]3/fh v8\sf ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
@^= /fh' nfld5fg] ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
@&= uf]kfnk|;fb /]UdL ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
@*= ;'lgn yfkf du/ ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
@(= uf]ljGb yfkf ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#)= ;Toaxfb'/ a6fnf ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#!= cd//fh k'g ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#@= e/t rGb ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
##= k|jL/ bb]n ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#$= ch'{g lji6 ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#%= ;'lgn ljs -dx/f_ ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#^= ;+ud b]jsf]6f -s]=;L=_ ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#&= lbk]Gb| dxtf/f ?s'dklZrd *,))).–

219
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;= gfd lhNnf /sd ?=

#*= uf]kfnl;+x v8\sf ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
#(= gf/fo0f cf]nL ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
$)= lvdaxfb'/ cf]nL ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
$!= s[i0faxfb'/ k'g ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
$@= k|sfz uf}td ?s'dklZrd *,))).–
hDdf #,$$,))).–
PkmPd /]l8of]tkm{
s|=;= /]l8of]÷PkmPdsf] gfd lhNnf /sd ?=
!= /]l8of] gnuf8 PkmPd hfh/sf]6 !%,))).–
@= /]l8of] vnª\uf PkmPd hfh/sf]6 !%,))).–
#= /]l8of] xfd|f] kfOnf PkmPd hfh/sf]6 !@,))).–
$= /]l8of] hfh/sf]6 hfh/sf]6 !@,))).–
%= /]l8of] k[YjL PkmPd hfh/sf]6 !@,))).–
^= /]l8of] ;dfj]zL cfjfh ?s'dklZrd !!,))).–
&= /]l8of] rf}/hxf/L ?s'dklZrd &,))).–
*= /]l8of] cfˆgf] PdPd ?s'dklZrd &,))).–
(= /]l8of] df}/fvf/f ?s'dklZrd &,))).–
!)= /]l8of] l;:g] PkmPd ?s'dklZrd &,))).–
!!= /]l8of] ;fgLe]/L PkmPd ?s'dklZrd &,))).–
!@= o'lgs PkmPd ?s'dklZrd %,))).–
hDdf !,!&,))).–

cgnfOg dfWodtkm{
s|=;= cgnfOgsf] gfd lhNnf /sd ?=
!= l8lh6n ;~rf/ 86sd hfh/sf]6 !@,))).–
@= xfd|f] kx'Fr 86sd hfh/sf]6 !),))).–

220
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;= cgnfOgsf] gfd lhNnf /sd ?=

#= g]kfn kf]i6 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
$= k|ef 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
%= klZrdkq 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
^= s0ff{nLcfjfh 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
&= dWodfu{ 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
*= ljb'/Go'h 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
(= s0ff{nL lSns 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
!)= hg;Gb]z 86sd hfh/sf]6 (,))).–
!!= d"nkf6L 86sd ?s'dklZrd %,))).–
!@= ph]nLGo'h 86sd ?s'dklZrd %,))).–
!#= sv/f 86sd ?s'dklZrd %,))).–
!$= k|];kflnsf 86sd ?s'dklZrd %,))).–
hDdf !,!$,))).–

kqklqsftkm{
s|=;= kqklqsfsf] gfd lhNnf /sd ?=
!= /]vb]v ;fKtflxs ?s'dklZrd %,))).–
@= cfxf ;~rf/ ;fKtflxs ?s'dklZrd %,))).–
hDdf !),))).–

sfo{s|d
Go' ldl8of / kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf tflnd ;DkGg
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn -ldl8of ljsf; sf]if_sf] ;xof]udf g]kfn k|];
OlG6Ro'6n] ldl8ofsdL{sf nflu @)*! c;f/ @# ut]b]lv @% ut];Dd tflnd
;~rfng u¥of] . kqsfl/tfdf Go" ldl8of / kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf;DaGwL
tflnd …er'{cnÚ ljlwåf/f b}lgs $ 306f ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf $)
hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . ;f] cj;/df sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]t,

221
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

d'Vo clws[t emlaGb| e';fn, jl/i7 k|zf;sLo clws[t bLks vgfn, g]kfn
k|]; OlG6Ro'6sf cWoIf tLy{ sf]O/fnf, tflnd ;+of]hs slkn sfˆn] nufotn]
kqsf/nfO{ gofF k|ljlwdf bIf agfpg cfjZos b]lvPsfn] o:tf tflnd cfof]hgf
ug'{k/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
cled'vLs/0f / /fxt k|bfg
hfh/sf]6 / ?s'd klZrd
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] hfh/sf]6 / ?s'd klZrdsf e"sDk k|efljt
kqsf/ tyf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ OG6/g]6df ;x'lnot k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . sfplG;nsf]
ldl8of ljsf; sf]ifcGtu{t Ps ;o a9L kqsf/ tyf ;~rf/u[xnfO{ OG6/g]6
z'Nsafkt ^ nfv ?k}ofF ;xof]u u/]sf] xf] . @)*) sflQs !& ut] hfh/sf]6sf]
/fdL8fF8f s]Gb|laGb' eO uPsf] e"sDkaf6 hfh/sf]6 / ?s'd klZrdsf kqsf/ tyf
;~rf/u[xx¿ k|efljt ePsf lyP . sfplG;nsf cWoIf afns[i0f a:g]t, ;b:o
7fs'/k|;fb a]Njf;], zfvf clws[t lji0f' zdf{ nD;fn / cg'udg clws[t dx]Gb|/fh l;+x
;lxtsf] 6f]nL hfh/sf]6 / ?s'd klZrddf k'u]/ ;xfotf k|bfg u/]sf] xf] .
cWoIf a:g]tn] sfplG;nsf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lsf] tkm{af6 g]kfn ;/sf/
e'sDk k|efljt /fxt sf]ifdf tLg lbgsf] tna of]ubfg u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
e"sDk k|efljt kqsf/sf] ;fydf sfplG;n /x]sf] eGb} pxfFn] ldl8of ljsf;
sf]ifaf6 nfe lng;d]t cfu|x ug'{eof] . b'/b/fhdf a;]/ ul/Psf] kqsfl/tfn]
;fFlRrs} ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu 7'nf] ;xof]u k'u]sf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] .
ldl8of ljsf; sf]if ;xfotf ljt/0f sfo{s|ddf cWoIf a:g]tn] sfplG;nn]
l56\6} ldl8of xfp;sf] ;'rLs[t k|ls|of cgnfOgaf6 ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L
lbg'eof] . sfplG;nn] ?s'dklZrdsf !( hgf kqsf/, cf7 j6f PkmPd /]l8of]
/ ^ j6f 5fkf tyf cgnfOg klqsfnfO{ ;x'lnot ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . o:t}
hfh/sf]6sf @$ hgf kqsf/, % j6f PkmPd /]l8of] / !) j6f cgnfOg tyf
5fkf dfWodnfO{ ;x'lnot ljt/0f u/]sf] xf] . sfplG;nn] hfh/sf]6 / ?s'd
klZrdsf ;~rf/u[xsf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f u/]sf] lyof] .

222
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

$=$ k|]; lSnlkª ;]jf

ldl8of k|jw{gsf nflu k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] lj=;+= @)%@ b]lv ljleGg
kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/nfO{ …sl6ª–k]l:6ªÚ u/L ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf
;ª\3;+:yf / sfof{nodf ;z'Ns lSnlkª ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;af6
;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfdf PsLs[t¿kdf ;xh} ;"rgf / ;dfrf/ pknAw x'Fb}
cfPsf] 5 .
o; cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! ;Dd sfod /x]sf k|]; lSnlkª ;]jfsf u|fxsM–
!= g]kfn cfon lgud
@= g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f
#= /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Fs
$= g]kfn 6]lnsd
%= ;fld x]lNe6f; kl/of]hgf
^= g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f -@_
&= /f]on gj]{lhog PDa];L
*= gfkL ljefu
(= lgnlu/L vf]nf xfO8«f]kfj/ sDkgL ln=
!)= /fli6«o :jf:Yo lzIff, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]Gb| -@_
!!= /fi6«kltHo"sf] sfof{no
!@= ;jf]{Rr cbfnt
!#= /fi6«klt r'/] t/fO{ dw]z ;+/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt
!$= /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u
!%= >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno
!^= clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
!&= lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb|
!*= g]kfn k'g{ljdf sDkgL ln=

223
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

!(= k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\

@)= g]kfn jrt tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;ª\3
@!= g]kfn OGe]i6d]G6 d]3f a}Fs ln=
@@= vfg]kfgL tyf 9n Joj:yfkg ljefu
@#= g]kfn lgdf{0f Joj;foL dxf;ª\3
@$= ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
@%= g]kfn sDKo'lgi6 kf6L{ Pdfn]
@^= s'df/L a}Fs ln=
@&= kmf]/d km/ x]Ny P08 6]lSgsn ;fOG;
@*= cfOPdO{ ln=
@(= /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
#)= ;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsf
#!= ljB't lgodg cfof]u
#@= /fli6«o cg'';Gwfg ljefu
##= dWok'/lydL gu/kflnsf
#$= Unf]an cfOPdO{ a}Fs ln=
#%= ck/ tfdfsf]zL xfO8«f]kfj/ sDkgL ln=
#^= ;8s ljefu
#&= nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf
#*= kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if

224
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

v08 %
k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg

225
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

226
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] kqsfl/tf If]qdf nfdf] ;do of]ubfg u/]sf
kqsf/nfO{ k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . klxnf]k6s sfplG;nn]
@)#( ;fn sflt{s @! ut] kqsf/nfO{ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]
lyof] . sfplG;nn] k|To]s jif{ jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df k|]; sfplG;n uf]kfnbf;
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/;lxt cGo ljleGg k'/:sf/ k|bfg k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
of] jif{ @)*) c;f]h ^ ut] sfplG;nsf] %$ cf}F jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df
;DdfggLo /fi6«klt >L /fdrGb| kf}8]nsf] ;d'kl:yltdf kqsfl/tf If]qdf
of]ubfg ug]{ b]xfocg';f/ JolSt / ;+:yfnfO{ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
k'/:s[t x'g] JolSt / ;~rf/ dfWod
s|=;+= k'/:sf/sf] gfd kfpg] JolSt / lhNnf k'/:sf/ /fzL ¿=
!= k|]; sfplG;n uf]kfnbf; lgd{nf zdf{, -xfn sf7df8f}F_ !%! xhf/
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/
@= k|]; sfplG;n ;'/]Gb|axfb'/ bdg /fO{, vf]6fª !!) xhf/
a:g]t kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/
#= k|]; sfplG;n -!_ r]i6f ;fKtflxs, sfe|] hgxL !% xhf/
cfrf/;+lxtf k'/:sf/ -@_ /fddl0f bfxfn, dsjfgk'/
-#_ dfwjl;+x wfdL, s~rgk'/
$= k|]; sfplG;n ;zSt -!_ ;fu/ kl08t, sf7df8f}F hgxL @) xhf/
;~rf/sdL{ k'/:sf/ -@_ r'8fdl0f e§/fO{, sf7df8f}F
%= k|]; sfplG;n efiffut cfFh'/ å}dfl;s, d}ynL efiff, !) xhf/
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ ;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs /fde/f]if sfFk8L,
wg'iff
^= k|]; sfplG;n ls|ofzLn -!_ ljdn 1jfnL, sf7df8f}F
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ -@_ hLjg e08f/L, sf7df8f}F
-#_ z+s/ /f]Ssf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s hgxL !@ xhf/
-$_ ZofdbQ e§, s~rgk'/
-%_ /fdsnf v8\sf, eStk'/
-^_ tf/frGb| b]jsf]6f, l;Gw'nL
-&_ leid/fh cf]emf, sf7df8f}F
-*_ dfwj a:g]t, sf7df8fF}

227
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

s|=;+= k'/:sf/sf] gfd kfpg] JolSt / lhNnf k'/:sf/ /fzL ¿=

-(_ /fds[i0f clwsf/L, sf7df8f}F
-!)_ rfFbgL cfrfo{, s}nfnL
-!!_ bfdf]b/ Gof}kfg], sf7df8f}F
-!@_ df]xg afF:tf]nf, emfkf
-!#_ /d]z lu/L, eQmk'/
-!$_ /d]z zfxL, ;'v]{t
-!%_ k|]ds'df/ cfrfo{, emfkf
-!^_ jL/]Gb| /d0f, dxf]Q/L
&= k|]; sfplG;n o'jf -!_ kf08j zdf{, bfª
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ -@_ ldg 7s'/L, s}nfnL
-#_ lj/]Gb| s];L, c3f{vfFrL hgxL !) xhf/
-$_ ;~hLj l3ld/], eQmk'/
-%_ s[i0f cf]nL, afh'/f
-^_ lbkf /]UdL, sf7df8f}F
-&_ dbg sf]O/fnf, sf7df8f}F
-*_ ;'jf; kl08t, lrtjg
-(_ o'j/fh v8\sf, k;f{
-!)_ g/]Gb|l;+x sfsL{, bfr'{nf
-!!_ cd[tk|;fb kf}8]n, DofUbL
-!@_ ljgf]bs'df/ dNn, d'u'
-!#_ efg'eQm lg/f}nf, ;f]n'v'Da'
-!$_ xl/ e08f/L, Ko'7fg
-!%_ ljho /fjt, h'Dnf
-!^_ hulbZj/ kf08], sf7df8f}F
-!&_ /fh' nfld5fg], ?s'd klZrd
-!*_ OGb| ljj; l8;L, bfª
-!(_ cf]dsf/ cfrfo{, tgx'F
*= k|]; sfplG;n ;flxlTos lxdfnL u'F/f;, å}dfl;s -lvdfgGb !) xhf/
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ kf]v/]n_ sf7df8fF}

228
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

s|=;+= k'/:sf/sf] gfd kfpg] JolSt / lhNnf k'/:sf/ /fzL ¿=

(= k|]; sfplG;n dlxnf -!_ tf/f rfkfufO{, sf:sL hgxL !) xhf/
;zlSts/0f kqsfl/tf -@_ ejfgL clwsf/L, :ofªhf
k'/:sf/ -#_ kljqf ;'gf/, sf7df8f}F
-$_ b'uf{ cfrfo{, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
-%_ ?kf l3ld/], sf7df8f}F
-^_ uugzLnf v8\sf, u'NdL
!)= k|]; sfplG;n ;dfj]zL -!_ ;Gtf]if l;+x, dxf]Q/L hgxL !) xhf/
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ -@_ dgs'df/ ubfn, emfkf
-#_ zld{nf a'9fyf]sL, bf]nvf
-$_ l/t]z lqkf7L, k;f{
-%_ /hgL of]uL, ;'v]{t
-^_ ljgf]b kl/of/, ?kGb]xL
-&_ lkm/f]h l;l2sL, l;/fxf
!!= k|]; sfplG;n ljwfut -!_ s]zj yf]s/, Sofd/fk;{g, hgxL !) xhf/
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ sf7df8f}F
-@_ g]ldz uf}td, snf, /ª\uud~r,
sf7df8f}F

sfplG;nsf] %$cf}F jflif{sf]T;jdf kqsfl/tf If]qdf of]ubfg ug]{ lgDg JolStx¿

;Ddflgt x'g'ePsf] 5,
!= ljho rfln;], sf7df8f}F
@= s'nrGb| jfUn], sf7df8f}F
#= wd]{Gb| emf, eStk'/
$= uug lji6, sf7df8f}F
%= /fhg sfsL{, sf7df8f}F
^= g/]Gb|h+u lk6/, afFs]
&= /fh' l;njfn, sf7df8f}F
*= /d]z t'kmfg, sf7df8f}F
(= dgdf]xg :jfF/, s}nfnL
!)= /ljGb| l3ld/], sf7df8f}F
!!= s]bf/ e§/fO{, sf7df8f}F

229
jflif{s k|ltj]
bg – @)*)÷*!

!@= df]lt kf}8]n, ;'v]{t

!#= s[i0f clwsf/L, /f;;, sf7df8f}F
!$= /d]z kf}8]n, sf:sL
!%= pbo lhPd, bfª
!^= /fhs'df/ sfsL{, ;'g;/L
sfplG;n k"j{;b:o
!= hubLzk|;fb zdf{, k;f{
@= ;+uLtf nfdf, sf7df8f}F
#= d'/nLk|;fb ofbj, ;Kt/L
$= rGb|b]j sfdtL, l;/fxf
k"j{ ;b:o ;lrj
!= o'j/fh kf08], sf7df8Ff}F
@= nIdLljnf; sf]O/fnf, sf7df8f}F
pTs[i6 sd{rf/L k'/:sf/ -/flz ¿= @) xhf/ hgxL_
!= zfvf clws[t lji0f' zdf{ nD;fn
@= ldl8of cg'udgstf{ k|]drGb| a8'
sd{rf/L k|f]T;fxg k'/:sf/ -/flz ¿= !) xhf/ hgxL_
!= k|sfzg ;xfos nIdL kf}8]n
@= sfof{no ;xof]uL dgf]hs'df/ d08n
bL3{;]jf kbs ;Ddfg -@) jif{ ;]jf u/]afkt Ps tf]nf ;'gsf] kbs / ;Ddfgkq_
!= /df wf}nf, s'lrsf/

230
 cg';"rL– ! -s_
lgoldt kqklqsfsf] ljj/0f
xflh/L Joj:yfkg k|0fnLdfkm{t lgoldt clen]vdf /x]sf kqklqsfx?
cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*!
b}lgs
SN Newspaper Name Publisher Name Editor Name Address Contact Email Address Print
1 Aajako Batabaran Daily Baidhanath Jha Baidhanath Jha Rajbiraj 7, Saptari 9842822526 [email protected] 308
2 Aajako Janapukar Daily Om Prakash shah OM Prakash shah Jaya Pringing Press, Rajbraj-1, Saptari 521418 [email protected] 301
3 Aajako Naya Bikalpa Madhav Singh Dhami Madhav Singh Dhami Gol Market, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur 099525705 [email protected] 310
4 Aarthik Abhiyan Daily New Business Age Pvt.Ltd Madan Lamsal GPO Box No. 14197, Paanchayanmarga Thapathali, Kathmandu 44267717 [email protected] 301
5 Abhiyan Daily Laxman Tiwari Khem Bhanderi Dhangadi Campus Road Kailali [email protected] 313
6 Adarsha Samaj Daily Aadarsha Samaj Bahumuki Prakashan P.Ltd. Krishna Prasad Bastola Adarsha Chowk Newroad, Pokhara, Kaski 061531200 [email protected] 347
7 Agni Post Dainik Gita Kumari Joshi Bharat Khadka Godawari napa 1, Dhangadi Road Attaraiya, Kailali 091550638 [email protected] 354
8 Akshata Daily Nabin KC Nabin KC Ramechhap 9844212121 323
9 Ankush Dainik Bhawana Chahwan Randip Shree wastob Red cros Bhawan, Ghantaghar,Birgunj, Parsa [email protected] 349
10 Annapurna Post Daily Nepal News Network International P.Ltd. Akhanda Bhandari P.O.Box-24999, Corporate Tower tenkune,Kathmandu 4481207 [email protected] 355
11 Anumodan Daily Prakash Bikram Saha Manamohan Sowar L.N Chowk Dhangadi Kailali 091524348 [email protected] 314
12 Apan Dainik Shubha Narayan Kamati Shubha Narayan Kamati Siraha napa 7, Siraha 9854021739 [email protected] 305
13 Barnamala Daily Sasi Koirala Sasi Koirala Inaruwa 1, Sunsari 025561170 [email protected] 303
14 Baruwa Times Dainik Rabindra Kumar Chaudhary Pardip Kumar Chaudari TRinapa 2, Gaighat [email protected] 311
15 Bhanjyang National Daily Bhanjyang Publication Pvt. Ltd Narayan Khadka Byas 2, Damuli, Tanahu 9856060376 [email protected] 312
16 Bherimalika Dainik Manbahadur Khadka Manbahadur Khadka Bheri Na Pa 4,Jajarkot 9864810759 [email protected] 308
17 Bhojpuri Times Dainik Ajaya Kumar Chourasiya Santosh Chourasiya Birganj parsa [email protected] 332
18 Birgunj Samacharpatra Daily Amit Saha Manoj Saha Birgunj-Gahawa 9 Parsa 9804279766 [email protected] 307
19 Blast Times Dainik Purwa Kshitiz Publication Pvt.Ltd Kishowar Kumar Karki Dharan-7, Sunsari 525458 [email protected] 344
20 Butwal Today Dainik Butwal Publication Pvt Krishna Malla Tilotamma path, Butwal 9851044628 [email protected] 346
21 Bypass Daily Dheerendar Kumar Daruka Dewananda Chaudary Aadarsh nagar Birgunj 13, Parsa 9845060706 [email protected] 338
22 Chandrasurya Wani Dainik Santosh kumar Mishra Dhirendra Tiwari Birgunj 11 parsa 315
23 Chitwan Post Daily Chitwan Post Pvt. Ltd Prakash Aryal Sangam Road, Chitwan 571492 [email protected] 317
24 City Post Daily Netra Prasad Neupane Netra Prasad Neupane P.O.Box-19155, Dillibazar Kathmandu 4416961 [email protected] 305
25 Daily Express Shankar Saha Sujit Kumar Saha Sukrabari Bazar, Jankpur 5530499 [email protected] 350
26 Dainik Brahmstra Manoranjan Yadav Manoranjan Yadav Om Ashram Shreepur, Birgunj 11, Parsa 051524969 [email protected] 318
27 Dainik Lumbini Sidardtha Publication P.Ltd. Yanendra JC Milanchowk, Butawol-11, Rupandehi 071540640 [email protected] 344
28 Dainik Patra Butwal Media Prakashan P.Ltd. Dr. Balkrishna Chapagain Butwal 8, Rupandehi 071554345 [email protected] 347
29 Damauli Khabar Dainik Tanahu Sanchar Co-operative Ltd. Gopal Prasad Bhandari 065561815 065561815 [email protected] 303
30 Daraudi Dainik Daraudi Publication Pvt Shiva Apria Gorkha 1 Bisunigate Gorkha 064421405 [email protected] 305
31 Darchula Sandesh Dainik Shankar Singh Dhami Padam Singh Badal Khalanga-5 Darchula 093420098 [email protected] 360
32 Deepjwala Dinik Dines Kumar Shreebastab Punam gurng Banke 8 Nepalganj 081521844 [email protected] 309
33 Dhamaka Janakpur Daily Balu Chaudhary Bablu Chaudhari Shivachowk, Janakpur 041520962 [email protected] 312
34 Dhaulagiri jagaran Dainik Aadarsa Sanchar Sahakari Baglung Ram Bhadur G.C Baglung 2 068522138 [email protected] 304
35 Dhorpatan Dainik Unik Sanchar Sahkari Sanstha P.Ltd. Harinarayan Gautam Baglung-2, Laligurah Chowk, Baglung 520383 [email protected] 350
36 Dikshan Dainik shrijan kumar ghimire Dolakha 049421401 [email protected] 303
37 Farak Samachar Nirmal Ghimire Nirmal Ghimire Bardiya 9858027355 [email protected] 300
38 Ganatantra Daily Sabin Priyasan Sabin Priyasan Gorahi Na Palika 11 082561908 [email protected] 339
39 Gantabya Today Dainik Gantabya Prakasan Pvt.Ltd Ujowal ghimire Manthali 1Ramechhap 048590111 [email protected] 302
40 Gaushala Khabar Dainik ujyalo Nepal Surrya Narayan saha Gaushala 5 Mohattri [email protected] 309

231
41 Gorkha Samachar Daily Rama Simkhada Rama Simkhada Gonapa 6, Haramtari, Gorkha 064420398 [email protected] 302
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 42 Gorkhapatra Daily Gorkhapatra sansthan ktm Shreedhar Aachrya Dharmapath, Kathmandu p o box23 4222921 [email protected] 356
43 Green Madhesh Daily Shravan Kumar Dev Shravan Kumar Dev Rajbiraj 8 Saptari 9842820015 [email protected] 300

232
44 Hamro Bhavana Daily Meghraj Sigdel Meghraj Sigdel Gulariya 8, Bardiya 084421144 [email protected] 304
45 Hamromat Daily Purbeli Jansanchar sahakri Arjun Kumar Aacharya Biratnagar 9 Trafic Chowk Morang 021512790 [email protected] 303
46 Hetauda Sandesh Dainik Kedar Prasad Neupane Sudip Siwakoti Nagar Palika Road,Hetuda 2, Makawanpur 522237 [email protected] 352
47 Highway News Daily Manoj Kumar Saha Ramesh Timilsena Chandranighapur 1, Durgachowk 055540312 [email protected] 340
48 Highway Post Daily khdak khatri Bimala Kumari Khatri Raptisonari 2 Banke [email protected] 301
jflif{s k|ltj]

49 Himalaya Times Daily Impression Publication & Media Pvt Govinda Leuitel P.O.Box-11672, Mid Baneshwor, Kathmandu 4478177 [email protected] 349
50 Hulaki Patra Dainik Shree Best Media Pvt. Ltd Shreeram Sigdel Kawasoti 8, Nawalparasi 078540754 [email protected] 342
51 ijalas Daily taims media P.L nayayan prasad pokharel birtamod 4 jhapa 023535028 [email protected] 325
52 Ilam Express Daily Jaya Nepal Sanchar Sahakari Sanstha Pvt Pradip Ghimire ENaPa 2, Nepalbani FM 9852627047 [email protected] 307
53 Ilam Post Daily Ilam Sanchar Sakari Sanstha Satendra Kumar Jabegu Chokbazar 1, Ilam 027521790 [email protected] 315
54 Jagaran News DaInik Ekendra Mathota Parwati Budha Safhebagar 4 Aacham [email protected] 324
55 Jaleshwor Today Daily Pavan Kumar Sah Pavan Kumar Sah Jaleshwor 5, Mahendra Chowk 044521138 [email protected] 365
56 Jan Pratibimba Daily Gobinda Prasad Devkota Sanjya shaha Parsa 9845028767 [email protected] 335
57 Jan Sristi Dainik Lal Babu Shekh Lal Babu Shekh Birgunj- 6, ResamKothi Parsa 051526952 [email protected] 319
bg – @)*)÷*!

58 Jana dhara Daily Aarati kapar Awadesh kamat Janakpur 1 dhanusha 9851154408 [email protected] 301
59 Janakpur Express Daily Janakpur Express Pvt. Ltd Ram Narayan Kapari Bhanuchowk,Janakpurdham, Dhanusha 525528 [email protected] 305
60 Janakpur Today Daily Janakpur Today Media Group Brij Kumar Yadav Mils Area, Janakpurdham, Janakpur 041590101 [email protected] 319
61 janasarokar post Rajendra Prasad Awasthi Bishnu Datta Bhatta Sahilekh 1, Baitadi 9851154360 [email protected] 301
62 Janasawal Daily Janasawal Publication Pvt Ramji Bagale Darbarmarga,Kathmandu 4265697 [email protected] 304
63 Kailali Daily Ganesh Bhandari Ganesh Bhandari Baiya Bedi Chowk 2 Dhangadhi 091526116 [email protected] 357
64 Kailali Hotline Daily Hotlin Publication Pvt Ltd Matrika Timilsena Tikapur9/14 091560656 [email protected] 320
65 Kalantar Daily Padam Sapkota Padam Sapkota Tikapur 1, Kailali 9848429879 [email protected] 323
66 Kalika Times Daily Sahambhu Kumar Suman Birgnj 8 Parsa [email protected] 335
67 Kalyan Post Daily Janamukhi Publication Pvt Ltd Mala Kumari Karna Rajbiraj 1, Bal Mandir Road 031523728 [email protected] 305
68 Kanchanpur Post Krishna Dutta Joshi Krishna Dutta Joshi [email protected] 325
69 Kantipur Daily Kantipur Publications Ltd. Umesh Chauhan P.O.Box-8559, Central Business Park, Thapathali, Kathmandu 5135000 [email protected] 356
70 Karobar Daily TBI Publication Pvt. Ltd. Kuber Chalise TBI Complex 492 Madhya Marga Buddhanagar 10 KTM 014785000 [email protected] 303
71 Khaptad News Daily Puspa Prasad Upadhya Bam Prasad Bhatta Buspark Road, Mangalsen 9848435616 [email protected] 361
72 Krishna Daily Shreemati Jaibchhi Yadav Murali Prasad Yadav Khelkud Shhopung Complex Mahendra Club, Rajbiraj, Saptari 031521747 [email protected] 316
73 Kumakh Dainik Govindaprasad Shrama Gobinda Prasad Sharma Chhatraswori 1, Salyan 9847886871 [email protected] 310
74 Lamjung Darpan Dainik Krishna KC Nabinraj Kuikel Beshshar NAPA 10. Lamjung 9846074157 [email protected] 332
75 Lokpriya Samchar Daily Sagun Basnrt Santoshi Basnet Netrajyotimarga Sindhupalchok 9851104540 [email protected] 311
76 Lokpriya Sandesh Daily Gobinda Prasad Shrama Saara Bano Bageshowri Hall Road 2, Nepalganj 081524933 [email protected] 304
77 Loktantra Sandesh Daily Sahid esmriti Publication Pvt.Ltd Naryan Devkota Bhartapur 10 Chitwan 056526554 [email protected] 303
78 Lokwani Dainik Lokwani Publication Pvt.Ltd Praksh Chandra Bhattrai Bayasa10 - Saphasadak Damauli 065562705 [email protected] 301
79 Madhesh Bhumi Daily Cila Kumari Suresh Kumar Barma Gaur 3 Rautahat 9845496282 [email protected] 312
80 Madhesh Dristi Daily Madhesh Pradesh Prakasan Samoha Bishwomani Pokharel janakPur Dham 2 Dhanusha [email protected] 337
81 Madhesh News Daily Ramesh Kumar Yadav Ashok Kumar Jha Madhesh News Pvt. Ltd, Rajbiraj 031520161 [email protected] 303
82 Madhesh Tesro Aakha Daily Durga kumari Pun Gobinda Mahato Radhemai Birgunj 13 Parsa [email protected] 306
83 Madhyanha Daily Sitadevi Shrestha Madan Kumar Shrestha 4363595 P.O.BOx-21934, Baghbazar Kathmandu 4226366 [email protected] 352
84 Madiseti Prawaha Dainik Ashok Kumar Shrestha Omkar Aachrya Saffa Sadak, Byas Nagarpalika 10 065561295 [email protected] 304
85 Mahakali Today Janak Chand Debaki Chand Galli No. 5 Mahendranagar Kanchanpur 9858751487 [email protected] 314
86 Majdoor Daily Niraj Lawoju Uddhab Sujakhu Kamalbinyak, Bhaktapur 6610921 [email protected] 365
87 Malawara Dainik Deependra Bhandari Deependra Bhandari Tikapur 9, Kailali 091561235 [email protected] 314
88 Marganugami Dainik Kamlesh Kumar Yadav Kamlesh Kumar Yadav Asanpur 7, Golbazar, Siraha 033540356 [email protected] 317
89 Mechikali Sandesh Daily Mechikali Sandesh Publication p(Ltd) Basanta Raj Khanal Butawol-11, Milanchowk, Rupandehi, Lumbini 546005 [email protected] 350
 90 Mission Today Dainik Binod Poudyal Nandalal Devkota Kohalpur 3, Banke 081541608 [email protected] 346
91 Muktikshetra Dainik Uttarganaga Publication Pvt.Ltd Dhanraj Sapkota Dhawalagirichowk 2, Baglung 068522062 [email protected] 300
92 Nagarik Daily Nepal Republic Media (p) Ltd Gunaraj Luitel JDA Complex Bagh Durbar 4265100 [email protected] 353
93 Narayani Today Dainik Gaya Prasad Yadav Shyam Shrestha Maisthan, Birgunj, Parsa 9855020185 [email protected] 331
94 Nawa Tilottama Siddarthanagr Media Sevices Pvt Madhav Nepal Buwal-12, Kalikanagar 071438575 [email protected] 353
95 Naya jankranti Dainik Yaggyaraj Joshi Yaggyaraj Joshi Bhimdattanagar Galli 4, Kanchanpur 520464 [email protected] 320
96 Naya Patrika National Daily Naya Prakasan Pvt. Ltd. Krishnajuwal Devkota Star Mal,Kathmandu po. box no 24316 4012666 [email protected] 353
97 Naya Yugbodh Daily Partap Regmi Partap Regmi Tribhuvannagar, Ghorahi, Dang 082560084 [email protected] 346
98 Nayasadak Dainik Anusandhan Prakashan Sumaha Pvt Ltd Gyan Prasad Poudel Jamal KTM 4239550 [email protected] 301
99 Nepal post Daily Nepal Post Madiya p.L Rajesh Das/ Asok Birganj Parsa 9845318669 [email protected] 321
100 Nepal Samacharpatra Daily Kamana News Publication P.Ltd. Kapil Kafley P.O.Box-2045, Kamana Plaza Bhimsensthan, Kathmandu 4261179 [email protected] 303
101 New Shristhi Dainik Publication New Shristi Shankharprasad Kharel Mainroad, Biratnagar 9 021528245 [email protected] 303
102 Pahura Daily Smile Chaudhary Smile Chaudhary LN Chowk, Dhangadhi,Kailali 091520444 [email protected] 340
103 Pardafas Daily Raghaw Sah Rakesh Kumar Jayaswal BNirgunj 11, Shreepur 9845039266 [email protected] 333
104 Parsa Today Dainik sanjeet Kumar Gupta Birjang 13 Parsa [email protected] 332
105 Pokhara Hotline Dainik Chiranjebi Poudel Chiranjebi Poudel Sabhagirya Chowk, Phokhara, Kaski 061582122 [email protected] 323
106 Pokharapatra Daily Fewa Prakashan P.Ltd. Ratan Gurung Nayabazar Phokhara, Kaski 06153508 [email protected] 350
107 Prabhab Daily Prabhab Publication Pvt. Ltd Bishnu Kumar Tamang Dhumbarahi 4, KTM 014373577 [email protected] 354
108 Prabhat Ghoshana Daily Krishna Bahadur Malla Krishna Bahadur Malla Nepalganj 2, Banke [email protected] 309
109 Pradesh Dainik Ganesh Darpan Adhikari Bijaya Paudel School Road, Hetauda 4, 057524011 [email protected] 308
110 Pradeshik khabar Dainik ChudamaniDahal Manisha Poudel BYass Nagarpalika 3, Santinagar Tanuhun 065564612 [email protected] 310
111 Prateek Dainik Prateek Prakashan Samuh P.Ltd. Jagadish Prasad Sharma Birgunj-14, Shreepur, Parsa 525122 [email protected] 345
112 Pratidin (Jhapa) Daily Naba Sanchar Griha Pvt Subrat Neupane Pratidin Marga, Bhadrapur Road Jhapa 023543820 [email protected] 344
113 Pratikshan Daily Ikawal Ahamad Ikawal Ahamad Inaruwa 1, Sunsari 025561822 [email protected] 300
114 Pratiphal Daily Sonalal Kumar Chaurasiya Sonalal Kumar Chaurasiya Aadrshanagar 13, Birganj 9855033742 [email protected] 329
115 Pratyush Daily Pratyus Network Pvt Ldt Sujan Regmi Nilkantha 5, Dhadingbeshi 9851120850 [email protected] 338
116 Pravat Samachar Daily Dwarika Prasad Kafle Dwarika Prasad Kafle Kanapa 5, Sindhuli 047520390 [email protected] 353
117 Pravat Sandesh Daily Pravat Sandesh Publication Pvt. Ltd. Rabindra Upreti Mahottari 9814845944 [email protected] 321
118 Purba Sandesh (jhapa) Daily Ganja Bahadur Dahal Ganja Bahadur Dahal Damak 11, Jhapa 580272 [email protected] 304
119 Purbi Hotline Daily Ramesh Luitel Sukdeb Chaudhary Itahari 1, Sunsari 9842105995 [email protected] 318
120 Purwanchal Dainik Shree Antu Prakashan P.Ltd. Ekraj Giri Charpane 1 Birtamud, Jhapa 541002 [email protected] 351
121 Raikwar Khabar Daily Raikawar Sanchar Kendra Padam Sunar Kaluwapur 7, Kanchanpur 9865966117 [email protected] 303
122 Rajbiraj Dainik Nabin Kumar Gupta Anil Kumar Anal Rajbiraj, Saptari 9842834917 [email protected] 305
123 Rajbiraj Today Daily Shambhu Kumar Jhha Amarnath Jha Sworna Tole, Rajbiraj 8 9842823376 [email protected] 304
124 Rajdhani Daily Rajdhani News Publication P.Ltd. Sagar Pandit P.O.Box-20503,Kathmandu Rajdhani Bhawan Kopundole Lalitpur 5546300 [email protected] 348
125 Rapti Post Dainik Sarad Adhikari Sarad Adhikari Sahid Umesh Marga Gorahi 11 [email protected] 322
126 Rastriya Sahara Dainik Chandra Bhusan Saha Nabin Adhakari Birjung 11, Gahawai Mai Mandir Near parsa 9745081735 [email protected] 329
127 Rautamai Daily Quality Publication Tulasi Prasad Koirala Triyuga Nagarpalika -11, Gaighat 9852835500 [email protected] 310
128 Rupse Daily Rupse Sanchar Sahakari Sanstha Ltd. pramod sharma Beni-8, Campuschowk, Myagdi 069520766 [email protected] 318
129 Saanjhako City Times Dainik AD Zon Pvt. Ltd Sujeep Bajracharya P.O.Box-13635, Asan, Kathmandu 9851081750 [email protected] 305
130 Sajha Bisaunee Daily Sajha Bisauni Pub. Pvt .Ltd Binod Sahi Birendranagar 6, Surkhet 083520988 [email protected] 351
131 Sajhakura Daily Sabin neupane Sarala Khanal Hedambichowk 1, Hetauda [email protected] 349
132 Sajhedari Daily Shyambabu Prasad Yadav Shyambabu Prasad Yadav Kalaiyan Napa 5, Bara 053551047 [email protected] 343
133 Samachar Dainik Janakpur Lalita das Kailas das Bidhyapati Chowk, Jankpurdham 9854025164 [email protected] 314
134 Samadhan (Kaski) Samadhan Media Pvt. Ltd Ramkrishna Gnawali Nayabazar, Phokhara 9856029500 [email protected] 350
135 Samadhan News Daily Jhalanath Khanal Jhalanath Khanal Tikapur 1,Kailali 9868770003 [email protected] 338
136 Sandhyakalin Daily Deshprem Publication Pvt Ltd Keshab Devkota P.O.Box-10742, Baghbazar, Kathmandu 4232890 [email protected] 347

233
137 Sanskar Khabar Daily Shanti Media Pvt Rajesh Mahto Kalaiya 4, Bara 053551828 [email protected] 334
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 138 Seema Sandesh Dainik Baidhanath Kumar Yadab Kyampos Road 7 siraha [email protected] 301
139 Shingh Daily Hari Shankar Kurmi Shree Ram Prasad Rauniyar Murli Bagaicha Birganj 15 [email protected] 308
140 Shree Rastriya Loktantra Daily Bakhtiyar Ali Nosaad Ahamad Mikrani Malngwa 5, Sarlahi 521668 [email protected] 334

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141 Shuklaphanta dainik Shuklaphanta Prakasan Pvt. Ltd Saroj Dhami Bhimnagar Nagarpalika, Bhhasi, Kanchanpur 099520574 [email protected] 308
142 Siddhadarshan Daily Chintamani Sharma Chintamani Sharma Birendranagra 6, Surkhet 083520256 [email protected] 303
143 Sindhuli Saugat Daily Sagun Saugat Media Pvt. Ltd. Sagun Rayamajhi KANAPA 4, Madhutar Sindhuli 047521095 [email protected] 306
144 Sky News Dainik Media Advertising & Production Aakas Tara bayak Birendranagar 6, Surkhet 083520918 [email protected] 325
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145 Sourya Daily Srijana International Media Pvt.Ltd Bodha Raj Tripathi P.O.Box-10378, Panipokhari, Kathmandu 014420195 [email protected] 354
146 Sudoor Sandesh Dainik Sudoor Sandesh Publication Pvt Ltd Hemanta Poudel Ratopul, Dhangadhi 091520730 [email protected] 308
147 Sudur Darpan Dainik Bhaskar K C Bhaskar K C VINAPA 18, Galli No 1, 099525493 [email protected] 323
148 Sundaranchal Dainik Bhawana Joshi Bhawana Joshi Baiya Bahadi Dhangadi 9848438675 [email protected] 310
149 Surkhetpatra Dainik Naresh Singh Thapa Lalit Basel Birendranagar 6, Surkhet 083525448 [email protected] 311
150 Tanahun Udghos Daily Ujwal Poudel I P Dhakal Byas Na Pa 5, Damauli 9846120335 [email protected] 304
151 Tarai Times Dainik Bishnu Prasad Kuwar Indresh Chaudary Janakapur-9, Belahichowk, Dhanusha 527931 [email protected] 341
152 Terai Express Daily Ashok Pahadi Phanindra Raj Dahal Chandranigahapur-1 9845036345 [email protected] 309
153 Thaha SandeshDainik Rajan Dahal Shiva Kumar Kashi Hetauda 4, Schoolroad, Makwanpur 057527299 [email protected] 311
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154 The Himalayan Times Daily International Media Network Nepal P.Ltd. Prakash Rimal P.O.Box-11651, Apca House Baidhya Khana Road Kathmandu 4770358 [email protected] 354
155 The Kathmandu Post Daily Kantipur Publications Pvt. Ltd Anup Kafle Post Box No. 8559 Central Business Park, Kathmandu Nepal 5135000 [email protected] 355
156 The Public Today Dainik Ram Narayan Mahato Santa Kumar Chhetri Mahottari [email protected] 329
157 The Rising Nepal Daily Gorkhapatra Corporation Jagadish Pokhrel Gorkhapatra Sansthan, Dharmapath, Kathmandu 4222279 [email protected] 357
158 Tikapur Dainik Bhubaneshowar Adhikari Bhubaneshowar Adhikari Tikapur-9, Kailali 560235 [email protected] 302
159 Triyuga Express Daily Biswaraj Tamang Kiran Prasad Dhungana Trnapa 2, Gaighat 035421552 [email protected] 328
160 Udghosh Daily Saugat Prakashan Pvt.ltd. Mohan Bhandari Biratnagar-8, Mainroad, Morang 021578305 [email protected] 306
161 Ujyalo Post Dainik Chandra Bahadur Pandak Khagendra Adhikari Foongling Nagarpalika 4 9852681765 [email protected] 309
162 WartamanaKal Daily Upendra Mishra Kathariya 5 Rautahat [email protected] 308
163 Yugaawhan Daily Yug Aahwan Publiction Pvt. Ltd Deepak Kumar Budha Chhetri Birendranagar 6, Surkhet 9858052810 [email protected] 348
164 Yugastra Dainik Dishanta Budha Tkeshwori Bohora Upa Mahanagar 4 9848636666 [email protected] 318

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1 Aadhar Patra Weekly Jagat Kumari Jaishi Jagat Kumari Jaishi Tikapur Nagarpalika 1, Kailali 9858425743 [email protected] 48
2 Aagrasar Weekly Aadarsh Sanchar Sahakari Sanstha Ram Bhadur G.C Sirjana Tole 3, Baglung 068522138 [email protected] 46
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5 Aashakti Weekly Kiran kishor shahi Prashanta kumar mishra Birgunj-11, Parsa 528065 [email protected] 47
6 Abhiyan Times Weekly Tukamaya Bhandari Liladhar Bhandari Anamnagar, Gautambuddha Margha Kathmandu 015705941 [email protected] 45
7 Abhiyan Weekly Devendra Chudal Devendra Chudal Kathmandu,Budhanagar 10 4780295 [email protected] 44
8 Abichal Weekly Ashok Man Shrestha Ashok Man Shrestha Birgunj, Parsa 3 42
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10 Agrata Weekly Santa Adhikari Santa Adhikari Bharatpur 11,Basebi, Chitwan 9851235311 [email protected] 46
11 Agrim Weekly Dipak Bohora Anita Pokharel Tulasipur-5, Dang 9857824794 [email protected] 42
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 13 Alert Weekly Gita Khatiwada Sarmila Ghimire Ghattekuo, Kathmandu–32 9849403841 [email protected] 46
14 Amritbazar Weekly Binod Pd. Chaulagai Santosh Sigdel Annamnagar,KTM 4231949 [email protected] 46
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16 Anmolmani Weekly Milan K. Raut Milan K. Raut Pathari Sanischare 1 Morong 021555317 [email protected] 44
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22 Artha Sawal Weekly Ramesh Kumar Bohora Ramesh Kumar Bohora Annamnagar KTM 9851084352 [email protected] 50
23 Asal Sasan Aawaj Weekly Asal Shasan Samuha Janak Chapagai Khandbari 1 shangkhuwasava [email protected] 49
24 Awadharana Weekly Gita Marhattha Gobinda Adhikari Dillibazar, Kathmandu [email protected] 44
25 Azad Weekly Aash Mahamad Miya Kiran Satyal Mohan Market Birjung Parsa 9855036786 [email protected] 45
26 Babai Weekly Dol Raj Sigdel Surendra Pokheral Gularia-9, Bardia 420096 [email protected] 47
27 Baghbakari Weekly Santa Kumar Chhetri Santa Kumar Chhetri Devi Chowk 10, Dhanusha 041527232 [email protected] 44
28 Bahu Vichar Weekly Dr.Nayana Pradhan Dr.Nayana Pradhan P.O.Box-10698, Kathmandu 4109667 [email protected] 44
29 Bajra Weekly Birajman Bajrachaya Kathmandu 12 [email protected] 45
30 Balaha Weekly Karuna Dangal Ramraj Chaudhary Inruwa 9, Sunsari 9842082049 [email protected] 45
31 Bara Darpan Weekly Guru Prasad Gautam Yug Prasad Gautam Simara, Bara 9855025353 [email protected] 49
32 Baraha Weekly Gopal Bahadur Bhandari Gopal Bahadur Bhandari Dharan 8, Bargachhi 9851116303 [email protected] 46
33 Barun Weekly Maya Pakuwal Maya Pakuwal Bhadrapur,8 Fulbari Tole Jhapa 9842637069 [email protected] 46
34 Batchit Weekly Satyanarayan Choudary [email protected] Lahan Na pa 1 9842807064 [email protected] 47
35 Bayan Weekly Akur Prasad Sharma,Neupane Akur Prasad Sharma,Neupane Sallaghari,Bhaktapur 9841223555 [email protected] 41
36 Beni Weekly Samacharpatra Hari Krishna Sharma Hari Krishna Sharma Beni Nagarpalika 6, Aawaraoad, Myagdi 069520207 [email protected] 51
37 Bethanchok Weekly Saroj Adhikari Antariksha Adhikari bethanchok 2 kavre 9841983472 [email protected] 45
38 Bhel Weekly Prakasha Acharya Jhalak Acharya Maisthan, Birganj Parsa 42
39 Bhukamp Weekly Lukman ansari Lukman Ansari Inaruwa 7, Sunsari 025560700 [email protected] 44
40 Bhumika Weekly Bhim Prasad Shrestha Bhim Prasad Shrestha P.O.Box-10698, Kathmandu 9849206286 44
41 Bideha Weekly Bisnu Mani Khanal Bisnu Mani Khanal Peerdiyamai ToleJanakpur4, Dhanusha 041520913 [email protected] 44
42 Bihani ko Tara Weekly Ramesh Acharya Kiran Dhital Chandannath 3, Jumla Bazar 9851152778 [email protected] 47
43 Bihani Sandesh Weekly Chhedi Ram Upendra Dotel Mudwalwa-8, Rautahat 9845061756 [email protected] 44
44 Bilochan Weekly Om Prakash Sah Om Prakash Sah Rajbiraj 4 031523828 [email protected] 48
45 Bimba Weekly Ramhari Ojha Ramhari Ojha Silugadi, Doti 094420158 [email protected] 47
46 Bindukeshara Weekly Dhading Sanchar Pvt Ltd Kamala Dhital Nilkantha Napa 3, Dhading 010521175 [email protected] 52
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48 Birtajyoti Weekly Tulasiprasad Niroula Tulasiprasad Niroula Birtamode Napa 4, Jhapa 9844014575 [email protected] 52
49 Biruwa Weekly Neha Rani Gupta Binay Kumar Gupta Rajbiraj 4,Saptari 9842820 [email protected] 46
50 Bishesh Khabar Weekly Mahesh Prasad Dahal Mahesh Prasad Dahal Maitidevi, Kathmandu 4419892 [email protected] 45
51 Bishwo Aawaj Weekly Pushpa Baskota Pushpa Baskota P O Box -9255, Battisputali, Kathmandu 9841375133 [email protected] 44
52 Break Through Break Through Prakasn PVT.Prl Subas Pandit Byass Napa 2, Safa Sadak, Damauli 9845045210 [email protected] 44
53 Chandrakanta Weekly Dharbendra Kumar Jha Dharbendra Kumar Jha 9844138814 [email protected] 46
54 Charcha Weekly Nepal Bhusan Newpane Nepal Bhusan Newpane p.O.Box-1112 Kathmandu 4358300 [email protected] 46
55 Chaudandigadi Weekly Jeeban Rai Bhairab Shrestha Choudandigadi Nagarpalika 7, Beltar 9745144100 [email protected] 44
56 Cheshta Weekly Chesta Publication Pvt. Ltd Ashok Bayaju Banepa- 7, Kavre 011662494 [email protected] 50
57 Chhahara Weekly Gopal Chhngchha Rai Gopal Chhangchha Rai Dillibazar, Kathmandu 439840 [email protected] 44
58 Chhalphal Weekly Gopal Prasad Thapaliya TB Thapa Birahi GPO Box No. 3744, Anamnagar, Kathmandu 4231974 [email protected] 42
59 Chhapamar Weekly Kalapani Media Pvt/Ltd Surya Bahadur Rokaya Swamikartik Khapar 5, Bajura 9849774613 [email protected] 44

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60 Chinari Sandesh Weekly Anjali Thapa Anjali Thapa Hetauda 4, Tahachowk Makawanpur 9845028195 [email protected] 44
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 61 Chintanshil Weekly Ramprasad Pandey Goma Neupaney Ghantaghar,Birgunja Parsa 9845032772 47
62 Chitrawan Sandesh Weekly Star Grup Media P,L Suman Gaire Bharatpur Na 9,Chitwan 9845023315 [email protected] 45

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63 Chitwan Jyoti Weekly Nabin Marahtta Krishna Khanal Bharatpur 11, Chitwan [email protected] 45
64 Chure Sandesh Weekly Suresh Chandra Adhikari Yadunath Bhattarai Sahid chowk Narayanghat Chitwan 056532345 [email protected] 48
65 Churekunja Weekly Yadav Prasad Acharaya Subhas Kumar Pokhrel Gulariya Nagarpalika 8, Bardiya 084420096 [email protected] 42
66 Crazy Dotcom Weekly Santosh Rai Amrita Rana Magar Patthari Sanischare 1, Morang 021693725 [email protected] 44
67 Crime Check Weekly Santosh Kumar Mishra Santosh Kumar Mishra Kumhaltole 9 Birgunj Parsa 9851194550 [email protected] 43
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68 Crime Control Weekly Amit kumar Chaurasia Dev Narayan Das birgunj 10 parsa 48
69 Crime Operation Shyam Sundar Sutihar Shyam Sundar Sutihar Morang [email protected] 46
70 Current Post Weekly Janga Bahadur Singha Janga Bahadur Singha Rajbiraj5 031522635 [email protected] 48
71 Dabab Weekly Amar Bhuju Amar Bhuju Bijulibazar, PoB 11427 Kathamndu 9851009165 [email protected] 45
72 Dainik Birgunj Weekly Ranjit Chaurasiya Lal Mohan Ansari Birgunj 10 Parsa [email protected] 43
73 Dainik Jagran Weekly Madhusudan Prasad Singh Rajan Kumar Singh Birganj 15, Bediyahi 9845982250 [email protected] 45
74 Daman Post Weekly Sangita Adhikari Shanta Ram Bidari Machhigalli, Baghbazar Ktm.pobox 8973 9851145186 [email protected] 44
75 Damauli Express Weekly Pradeep Kafley Pradeep Kafley Byas 10, Damauli, Tanahun 9846040432 [email protected] 41
76 Darpan Weekly Kallayan Bhadur Hada Kallayan Bhadur Hada Goshwar Road, Birgun-12, Parsa 523199 [email protected] 48
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77 Democracy khabar Weekly Ganesh Khadka Ganesh Khadka Baghbazar, KTM 9849652992 [email protected] 46
78 Desh Bikash Weekly Bikas Media Pvt Ltd Ram Krishna Poudel Baghbazar, Kathmandu 4215864 [email protected] 47
79 Desh Darpan Weekly Ramchhandra Silwal Ramchandra Silwal Maitidevi Kathmandu POB No. 9200 [email protected] 46
80 Desh Darshan Manoj Kumar Mishra Manoj Kumar Mishra Resham Kothi-9, Birgunj, Parsa 9845041013 [email protected] 47
81 Deshprem Weekly Deshprem Publication Pvt KR Devkota P.O.Box-10742 Baghbazar 4232890 [email protected] 43
82 Deshrakshya Weekly Saraswoti adhikari Gita Naharki Gongabu, Kathmandu 9849299386 [email protected] 46
83 Devdaha Weekly Trilochan Dahal Ram Bahadur Gurung Devdaha 7, Khairani Rupandehi 9847035139 [email protected] 52
84 Dhankuta Weekly Bisranti Prakashan Rajeshwor Bahadur Shrestha Dha.na.pa-6 bichbazar, Dhankuta 9852061611 [email protected] 42
85 Dhanusha Weekly Sima Chalise Sima Chalise Janakpur-4, Dhanusha 520962 44
86 Dharahara Times Ramesh Khadka Ramesh Khadka P.O. No.-12260, Kathmandu 4426690 [email protected] 41
87 Dharan Weekly Maniraj Bhattarai Maniraj Bhattrai Dharan-12, Chataraline, Dharan, Sunsari 02526620 [email protected] 47
88 Dhaulagiri Sanchar Weekly Maya Kumari Adhikari Maya Kumari Adhikari Loktantra Chowk Kusma 9847625397 [email protected] 44
89 Dhaulagiri Star Weekly Unik Sanchar Sahakari Sanstah Ltd Hari Narayan Gautam Laligurasha Chowk, Baglung 9857620204 [email protected] 50
90 Diary Express Weekly narayan prasad shrama narayan prasad shrama Baghbazar, GPO Box No. 8868 014218446 [email protected] 44
91 Dibya Chakshu Weekly Padma Bhakta Kharel Dwarika Kumari Adhikari 105 Kailashchaur Lazimpat,Kathmandu 4441256 [email protected] 44
92 Dibya darshan Weekly Dibya Prakashan P.Ltd. Susil Tiwari P.O.Box-13353 Dibya Marga Baghbazar Kathmandu 014242995 [email protected] 44
93 Dishanirdesh Kanchan Baldev Abaswati Pusparaj Abaswati Kanchan Rastriya Chhapkhana Mahendranagar 099523462 [email protected] 52
94 Divya Roshani Weekly Manita Chamling Manita Chamling Dharan–4, Chhatachowk, Sunsari 984225611 [email protected] 48
95 Doodhmati Weekly Sujitkumar Jha Sujitkumar Jha Biswokarma chowk, Janakpurdham 9844101567 [email protected] 44
96 Dristanta Weekly Shanti Dahal Narendra Prasad Dahal Biratnagar-10, Morang 021415280 [email protected] 48
97 Dristi Charcha Weekly Usha Upreti Usha Upreti Birgunj-11, Parsa 9851211797 48
98 Dristi Weekly Dristi Media P.Ltd. Shambhu Shrestha GO Box No. 4910, Sagarmatha Complex, 3rd Floor Naxal Bhagwatibahal, 4430422
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99 Dudhauli Weekly Deependra Budhthoki Deependra Budhthoki Dudhauli, Sindhuli 9847875712 [email protected] 41
100 Duhabi Times Ashish Kumar Yadav Sonam Chaudhari Duhabi, Bhaluwa 7, Sunsari 9842020721 [email protected] 48
101 Duniyako Khabar Weekly Rohinidevi Achrya Ghanashyam Achrya POB No 13595, Kama napa 9, Gothatar, Kathmandu 9841387237 [email protected] 46
102 Durgam Express Weekly Sabita Rai Mahendra rai Choudandhi Nagarpalika 7, Beltar 9745144100 [email protected] 45
103 Fast Track Weekly Thaneshwor Sapkota Prabhat Timalsina Bara 16 Birgunj [email protected] 49
104 Fewa Weekly Lalita Bhattarai Lalita Bhattarai Biratnagar 13, Morang 9842042910 [email protected] 46
105 Gahawa Weekly Amit Kumar Saha Arjun kumar Saha Birgunj 10 parsa 47
106 Galkotpatra Weekly Galkot Suchana tatha Sanchar Sahakri Ltd Dinesh Pantha Hatiya 3 Galkot, Baglung 068412042 [email protected] 42
107 Galyang Post Aalamdevi Media Pvt Ltd Tika Ram Adhikari Galyang Napa 3,Syangja [email protected] 48
108 Gamghar Weekly Ram Bharos Kapadi Ram Bharos Kapadi 1/555, Saraswoti Sadan, Janakpurdham-1, Danusha 041520267 [email protected] 42
 109 Ganarajya (Sunsari) Media Conection Center P B Diyali Itahari 6, Dharanroad 98420790180 [email protected] 48
110 Gaunle Deurali Weekly Gramin Bikas Palpa (RDP) Ram prasad Aryal Sitalpati, Tansen, Palpa 075520764 [email protected] 48
111 Gausala Times Weekly Govinda Mahatto Shree Ram Yadav Gausala Bazar 2, Mahottari [email protected] 46
112 Golmech Weekly Ekaraj Dahal Ekaraj Dahal Anamnagar, Kathmandu 9843378548 [email protected] 44
113 Good News Weekly Dakta Prasad Dhital Dakta Prasad Dhital Gosai Gaun, Nepalgunj [email protected] 49
114 Goreto Weekly Shishu Prasad Devkota Shishu Prasad Devkota Devkota Chhapakhana, Rajbiraj-6 20404 42
115 Gorkha Express Weekly Rajan Karki Rajan Karki P.O.Box-1623 Kalngki, Kathmandu 4273084 [email protected] 44
116 Hamro Ekata Weekly Sushil Pokharel Sushil Pokharel Naya Bazar Jumri, Phyuthan napa 4 086460390 [email protected] 43
117 Hamro Indrawati Weekly Raghunath Humagai Rupak Mahat Banepa 6 Kavre 9851163809 [email protected] 41
118 Hamro Naya Nepal Bichar Weekly Smita Niraula Smita Niraula Dhankuta-7 dhankuta 9842117728 [email protected] 45
119 Hamro Samaj Hamro Samaj Publication Bholaram KC Nagakot Nagarpalika 11 Fedi Bhaktapur 5091335 [email protected] 40
120 Hamro Seti Weekly Brindra Bhadur Rawul Brindra Bhadur Rawul Kailalipul, Dhangadi ,Kailali 091526730 [email protected] 48
121 Hank Weekly Gobindha Bhadur Thapa Gobindha Bhadur Thapa P.O.Box-12631, Kapan, Kathmandu 015329399 [email protected] 45
122 Harshit Nepal Weekly Birendra Prasad Nepal Birendra Prasad Nepal Lahan 8 [email protected] 48
123 Hetauda Khabarpatra Weekly Dhruba Adhikari Dhruba Adhikari Hetuda-3 Makwanpur 057520536 [email protected] 45
124 Himali Suskera Wekly Bishhnu Lal Budha Bishhnu Lal Budha Thulibheri Na Pa 3, Dunai Dolpa 9858390076 [email protected] 50
125 Himalpariko Aawaj Weekly Bhim Bhadur Rasaili Bhim Bhadur Rasaili Gharpjongh 3, Puthan Airport, Mustang 069440257 [email protected] 44
126 Himjyoti Weekly Patima Ghimire Nishanta Ghimire Teenthana 1, Kathmandu 6226400 himjyotiweekly@gmailcom 45
127 Hulaki Times Weekly tahir Miya Jakir rain janakpur 16 Dhanusha 9854060188 [email protected] 41
128 Hunkar Weekly Kalpana Dahal Dinesh Sharma Rajbiraj 5, Saptari 9852820828 [email protected] 48
129 Ilam Aawaj Weekly Satendra Kumar Jebegu Limbu Satendra Kumar Jebegu Limbu Ilam 5, biblatyabzar Illam 9863677923 [email protected] 46
130 Image Weekly Sharmila Upreti Sharmila Upreti Bidur-3 Nuwakot 010561678 [email protected] 45
131 Inaruwa Times Weekly Shashi Koirala Shashi Koirala Inrwa-6, Sunsari 560242 [email protected] 41
132 Isthaniya Sandesh Weekly Sujan Timilsena Basudev Timisena Ilam 2, Ilam Bazar 9849841840 [email protected] 49
133 Itishree Weekly Gita Ghimire Gita Ghimire Kamalmai Nagarpalika 5, Sindhuli 9844045758 [email protected] 44
134 Jamarko Weekly Mohan Bhattarai Bhola Bahadur Shrestha Pathari Shanischare 04, Morang 9842047142 [email protected] 44
135 Jan Adalat Weekly Saroj Prasad Patel Saroj Patel Bahuari, Bara 9845454316 [email protected] 49
136 Jan Uddhar Weekly Suran Man Karki Sudeep Pokhrel Dillabazar 32, Kathmandu Nepal 9851020093 [email protected] 50
137 Jan Vishwas Express Weekly Saina Khhatun Saina Khhatun Murali-15, Birgunj, Parsa 530834 [email protected] 40
138 Jana Aakash Weekly Janaaksh Media Pvt Mohan Karki Baghbazar, Kathmandu Nepal 9861588456 [email protected] 44
139 Jana Aastha Weekly Aastha Prakashan P.Ltd. Kishor Shrestha P.O.Box-6630, Dillibazar, Kathmandu 4442552 [email protected] 49
140 Jana Ahwan Weekly Discovari News Network Pvt Ltd Om Shrama Pulchowk, Lalitpur POBox No. 12850 5547750 [email protected] 47
141 Jana Arpan Weekly Gopal Pariyar Gopal Pariyar Bhanapa 4,Pressmarga, Chitwan 056208289 [email protected] 47
142 Jana Bhawana Weekly Nirodh Raj Pandey Nirodh Raj Pandey GPO Box -9037, Dillibazar 4437522 [email protected] 46
143 Jana nigrani Weekly Guheli Sanchar Sahakari Sanstha Arjun Karki Kanthekhola Gaunpalika 2, Baglung 9857625950 [email protected] 52
144 Jana Prabhaw Weekly Kaushal Kumar Singh Kaushal Kumar Singh P.O.Box-,Baghbazar, Kathmandu 9808154295 [email protected] 45
145 Jana pradasak Weekly Rojee Shrestha Ram Raj Pokhrel Chalkhu Kanapa 12 Kathmandu 9803735654 [email protected] 44
146 Jana Prawaha Weekly Chabilal Dhal Chabilal Dahal Koteshwor-35, Kathmandu 9851046242 [email protected] 46
147 Jana Samiksha Akhileshkumar Mishra Akhileshkumar Mishra Kumhal tole 9 Birgunj Pursa [email protected] 44
148 Jana sanjal Weekly Gyatri Adhikari Kala Timelsina Dhagingbeshi Dhaging Baghbazar KTM 43115234 [email protected] 44
149 Jana Saugat Weekly Ganeshprasad Kharel Nisha Kharel Janakpur-1, Bhanuchowk, Dhanusha 041527136 [email protected] 47
150 Jana Suchana Weekly Shankar Basnet Basundhara Ranjit Kathmandu 4153739 48
151 Jana Vimarsh Weekly Bijaya kumar kushwaha Narayan Prasad Sapkota Birgunj-13, Parsa 48
152 Jana vishwash Weekly Janavishwash Saptahik Prakasan Samuha Heema Chemjong Dhankuta-7, Sangam Tole, Dhankuta 026521127 [email protected] 44
153 Janaakanksha Weekly (Rolpa) ishwori GM Pratibha sunar Rolpa Napa 4 Liwng 9866959949 [email protected] 44
154 Janaandolan Weekly Yagya Pathak Indu Purbeli Anarmani 3 Birtamod Jhapa 023545248 [email protected] 45
155 Janabhet Weekly Mohan Prasad Mainali Mohan Prasad Mainali Kalanki 14, KTM 9851098097 [email protected] 48

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156 Janadharana Weekly Shanta Pandey Nimkant Pandey P.O.Box-6164, Balkhu Kathmandu 4336275 [email protected] 49
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 157 Janajati Weekly Sujib Bajracharya Sujib Bajracharya Asan Nakshbahal, KTM 4229547 [email protected] 45
158 Janajibro Weekly Koseli Media Support Pvt Ltd Sanu Raya Gautam Kathmandu 9849600209 [email protected] 44
159 Janajyoti(Jhapa) Weekly Ganja Bhadur Dahal Ganja Bhadur Dahal Damak-11, Jhapa 580272 41

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160 Janakari Weekly Menuka Karki Menuka Karki Dillibazar Kathmandu 4497430,2301223
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161 Janakpur Sambad Weekly Prabhash Chandra Karn Prabhash Chandra Karn janakpur-3 Dewan Pokhari Dhanusha 041525200 [email protected] 42
162 Janasangharsha Weekly Butwal Media Prakashan Pvt. Ltd Dr. Balkrishna Chapgain Butowl-8, Rupandehi 071554345 [email protected] 50
163 Janatapatra Weekly Tika Subedi Dinesh Sapkota Presschowk, Chautara [email protected] 48
164 Janawadi Aawaj Weekly Bimal Niraula Bimal Niraula Shantinagar Dhhat 4, Biratnagar 9807336868 [email protected] 46
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165 Janhit Express Weekly Aabdhesh Kamat Aabdhesh Kamat Janakpur1, Bhanu Chowk 9844054408 [email protected] 44
166 Janta Khabar Weekly Ram Ekbal Saha Ram Ekbal Saha Gaur 4, Rautahat 9845057672 [email protected] 52
167 Jaya Loktantra Weekly Krishna Prasad Humagai Krishna Prasad Humagai Arjundhara Na Pa 4, Jhapa 952672755 [email protected] 43
168 Jhuleni Post Weekly Jhuleni Unaited network P.L Dipa Gharti Bijuwar,4 Bhaukaroad Pyuthan 9857833051 [email protected] 44
169 Joshipur Weekly Sudaram Dahit Kailali Josipur 2 [email protected] 48
170 Junkiri Sanchar Weekly Kabita Upadhya Kabita Upadhya Libang 6,Paryatanbasti 086440335 [email protected] 50
171 Jyoti Exprerss Weekly mhesh kumari yadav [email protected] 48
172 Kalaiya Today Weekly Nilesh Kumar Timilsena Nilesh Kumar Timilsena Kalaiya-7, Barewa, Barewa, Bara 053551097 [email protected] 50
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173 Kalapani Post Weekly Shankar Singh Dhami Hira Singh Dhami Khalanga5 Darchula 093420030 [email protected] 50
174 Kalika Weekly Uttarganga Publication Pvt Durgadatta Shrma Baglung,2 Bagulungbazar 068522062 [email protected] 48
175 Kalinchowk Sandesh Ashal Sashan samiti Deepak Basnyat charikot dolakha 049421890 [email protected] 47
176 Kamalamai Express Prastawit Kamalmai Prakasan Sankar Kumar Karki Kamalamai-6, Ratamata Sindhuli 9844040455 [email protected] 47
177 Kamana Khabar Weekly Rim Mida P.l Chandralal Paudel Jitpur Simara 2 Bara [email protected] 45
178 Kanakai khabar Weekly Ram prasad Niraula Ram prasad Niraula Kanakai 7 jhapa 023550996 [email protected] 46
179 Kanchanroop Bhola Kumar Pasman Bhola Kumar Pasman Kanchanrup 8, Beriyar Ilaka Hulak Near 9849485331 [email protected] 43
180 Kankai Weekly Lilaraj Jhapali Lilaraj Jhapali Kanakai Nagrapalika 3, Jhapa 9816064044 [email protected] 43
181 Kapan Baneshwor Weekly Nibandha Aacharya Nibandha Aacharya Aadarsha Nagar, Kapan 016202714 [email protected] 40
182 Karnali Ko Sandesh Weekly Narendranath Yogi Narendranath Yogi Chandannath 6, Jumla 9867868787 [email protected] 48
183 Kasar Weely Benu Prasad Adhikari Benu Prasad Adhikari Gauradaha 7, Jhapa 9842657546 [email protected] 44
184 Kavre Prawaha Weekly Saranprasad Humagain Saranprasad Humagain Putalisadak, KTM 9841841942 [email protected] 48
185 Kavre Sandesh Weekly Shikhar Chimouriya Karuna Pathak Banepa 10, Kavre 9851016056 [email protected] 44
186 Kavre Times Weekly Kavre Times Prakashan Shyamk Luietel Kavre,Banepa-10 663049 [email protected] 50
187 Khabarbatika Weekly Samundra Poudyal Anju Poudel Byas 3 Damauli, Tanahun 9856045830 [email protected] 44
188 khabarmanch Weekly Prakash Poudyal Prakash Poudyal Mechinagar 7, Kakarvitta, Jhapa 9852663590 [email protected] 45
189 Khash khabar Lalsara Rai Lalsara Rai Baneshwpr 10. KTM 4782390 [email protected] 40
190 Khasyauli Weekly Debendra Kunwar Bishnumaya Bhusal Butwal 8, Rupendehi 071541219 [email protected] 46
191 Khojbin Weekly Kamal Shah Kamal Shah Janakpurdham-3, Dhanusha 523310 [email protected] 42
192 Khotang Khabar Weekly Dilip Khatri Dilip Khatri Bhawan Gaira, Diktel 2, Khotnag 9743001477 45
193 Kothiyaghat Weely Gandiplal Kaystha Anildatta Chaudhary Rajapur Na pa 9 Bardiya 9848080912 [email protected] 47
194 Krishi Weekly Hab Broadcasting Pvt Ltd Baikuntha Bhandari Baghbazar, KTM 9851059455 [email protected] 40
195 Kshepyastra Weekly Kshepatra Publication Kendra Rajendra Prasad Chimauriya Thapagaun ktm 9841403851 [email protected] 46
196 Kshitijpari Weekly Shyam Prasad Hajara Sarsowti Nepal shyampaswan [email protected] 50
197 Kyasmiri Weekly Muna Kaliraj BK Jagat Bahadur BK Byas 11, Damauli 9856060834 [email protected] 44
198 Lahana Weekly Nirpendra Lal Shrestha Jujuman Maharjan Jhhochhe, KTM 9851098095 [email protected] 42
199 Lali Guras Weekly Padam Bahadur Adhikari Padam Bahadur Adhikari Sankhuwasabha Chainpur 6 Sankhuwasabha 029570048 [email protected] 49
200 Lamjung Aawaj Weekly Milan Sharma Arjun Panday Serabazar, Beshisahar, Lamjung 066520002 [email protected] 47
201 Lamjung Ratna Weekly Simadevi Dhakal Pahadi Anjana Poudel Beshisahar 9, Sera, Lamjung 9849066771 [email protected] 46
202 Lok samiksha Weekly Indu Kumari Bishowkarma Binod Kumar Bishowkarma Rajbiraj 5, Neha Offset Press 9842830159 [email protected] 48
203 Lok Vision Weekly Lok Bahadur Deuba Janak Bahadur Bista Kailali 10 Lamki [email protected] 51
204 Lokmat (Dhanusa Weekly Rajeshwor Prasad Nepali Rajeshwor Prasad Nepali Media Complex, Janakpurdham-2, Dhanusha 523083 [email protected] 42
 205 Lokpukar Weekly Ram Prakash Shah Ram Prakash Shah Shiva Chowk, Station Road, Janakpurdham, Dhanusha 520386 [email protected] 44
206 Madhesh Khabar Weekly Anjali Biswas Jeetendra Kharga Rajbiraj 9852820229 [email protected] 46
207 Madhesh Kranti Weekly Hem Shanker Singh Hem Shanker Singh Rajbiraj-3 Saptari 031520278 [email protected] 48
208 Madhesh Prabah Weekly Umesh Ghalan Bimal Adhikari {Bpn Nijgadh 9 Bara [email protected] 48
209 Madhesh samachar Dilip kumar sahBasanta Kumar Shaha Ashok kumar sah Rajbiraj 7, Saptari 9813900168 [email protected] 48
210 Madhesh Special Weekly Royantar Mandal Royantar Mandal Sukhipur Na Pa 8 Siraha 9842918384 [email protected] 46
211 Madhesh Times Bindu Kumar Yadav Bindu Kumar Yadav Rajbiraj 5 saptari 9804748817 [email protected] 42
212 Madhya Desh Weekly Jayapraksah Chaudhari Mala Kumari Krna Kalayanpur 2, Bisanpur, Saptari [email protected] 48
213 Madhya Nepal Sandesh Weekly Madhya Nepal Media Pvt. Ltd. Kabita Khadka Birganj Ghantaghar 051526235 [email protected] 48
214 Madhyamarga Weekly Pradeep K.C. Banjara Pradeep K.C. Banjara Banepa-10, Kavrepalanchowk 9851143899 [email protected] 46
215 Madhyasthata Weekly Madhyasthata Media Pvt.Ltd Shiva Prasad Chaulagain Hetuda 5 Makwanpur k 057523800 [email protected] 46
216 Mahapratibad Weekly Tara Laamgade Bhagbati Luhagun Dharan 17, Diyalomarga Sunsari 025533797 [email protected] 47
217 Mahottari Weekly Mohatari Prakasn P.L.D Kamlesh Mandal Mathihani 3,Mahottari 044540208 [email protected] 40
218 Malashree Weekly Manjukaumari Shrestha Ramchandra Adhikari Manthali Nagarpalika 2, Ramechhap 9860638935 [email protected] 47
219 Matrivani Weekly Rakesh Jha Rakesh Jha Lahan Na Pa 7, Siraha 9852832982 [email protected] 48
220 Mechi Aawaj Dammaru Baral Dammaru Baral Mechinagar 5, Kakrbhitta 9842676331 [email protected] 45
221 Mechi Khabar Raju Pathak Raju Pathak Birtamdoe Jhapa 7 9862687222 [email protected] 44
222 Mero Saptahik Ratnakaji Maharjan Ratnakaji Maharjan Kilagal KTM 24 9841215250 [email protected] 45
223 Metro Today Weekly Hem Raj Silwal Hem Raj Silwal Dillibazar ktm 4810608 [email protected] 46
224 Mission Madhesh Puja Poddar Binaya kumar Lal Karna Rajbiraj 8, Mass Institute [email protected] 48
225 Mission News Weekly Pabitra Shahi Pabitra Shahi Khadachakra Na Pa 1, Kalikot 9848049455 [email protected] 45
226 Mithila Jagaran Weekly Akul prashad shah Akul Prasad Sah janakapur dham 9, Dhanusha 9854027065 [email protected] 44
227 Mithilanchal Express Weekly Prvin Shah Pravin Shah Jankpurdham, Station Road Dhanusha 9854022422 [email protected] 44
228 Modi Kali Weekly Om Prasad Ghayal Pabitra Shrama Shibalaya-6, Durlung chowk, Kusma, Parbat 9857623677 [email protected] 44
229 Morcha Weekly Shankar Prasad Khatiwada Shankar Prasad Khatiwada Gahawa, Birgunj-11, Parsa 9845040670 [email protected] 48
230 Nab Janpriya Weekly Subash Chandra Lal Karna Subash Chandra Lal Karna Parsuram Marga Janakpur-3, Dhanusha 041526200 [email protected] 42
231 Naba Janata Weekly Prakash Rokaya Prakash Rokaya P.O.Box-13632, Soltimod, Kathmandu 5374791 [email protected] 44
232 Nagarik Aahwan Weekly hari kumar rai Hari kumar Rai 2 Gaighat udaypur 420394 [email protected] 48
233 Namaskar Weekly Kamalchandra Bhurtel Suman Puskarbahadur Thapa Hetauda 2, Sangam Chowk 9845071041 [email protected] 46
234 Nami Weekly Narayan Rai Shyam Shrestha Lagankhel,Lalitpur 9851111471 [email protected] 47
235 Namuna Sandesh Weekly Bhabishwor Panday Prashant Chapagain Kawasoti 2, Nawalparsi 9867130145 [email protected] 44
236 Naulo Aawaz Weekly Jhapa Jyoti Prakashan P.Ltd. Shubhadra khadka Bhadrapur-6, Sangam Chowk, Jhapa 522009 [email protected] 46
237 Naulo Janaubhar Ajayadeep Shrama Ajayadeep sharma Ghorahi Dang 082561725 [email protected] 41
238 Nav Jana kranti Weekly Debram Prasad Yadav Debram Prasad Yadav Rajbiraj 7 Saptari 9842834795 [email protected] 47
239 Navataranga Weekly Rajan Bahadur Siwakoti Aananda Shrestha suspakshawati - 3 Dolakha 049421839 [email protected] 44
240 Navin Weekly Mrs. Sumitra Gupta Anil Kumar Anal Rajbiraj, Saptari 9842834917 [email protected] 46
241 Nawa Bikalpa Weekly Thakur prasad Aachrya Deviprasad Sharma Shantitole,Benibazar Myagdi 069520995 [email protected] 47
242 Nawa Janaprahar Weekly Bishnu Ghimire Bishnu Ghimire Bagbazar, Kathmandu 9851084764 [email protected] 47
243 Nawa Kshitiz Weekly Kavre Nawa Kshitiz Publication Pvt Nawaraj Bajagain Banepa-7, NEW Buspark Kavre 9851010468 [email protected] 46
244 Nawa Path Weekly Raju Balak Shrestha Sumana Dangol Chalkhu 12, Kathmandu 4252751 [email protected] 43
245 Nawa Shakti Weekly Naresh Hamal Sakila Shahi Kanapa 12, Brahamatole, Kathmandu 9841398579 [email protected] 44
246 Nawasambad Weekly Arujnkumar Shrestha Rekhi Rarm Rana Shilkahan tole Tansen Palpa 5 075522441 [email protected] 44
247 Naya Bikalpa Weekly Damodar Prasad Dawadi Damodar Prasad Dawadi P.O.Box-19197 1183, Tankaprasad Ghumti Marga, Anamnagar, Kathmandu
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248 Naya Bimarsha Weekly Koushal Kumar Bhattarai Koushal Kumar Bhattarai Madhyapur Thimi 15, Bhaktapur 9851038237 [email protected] 44
249 Naya Bisphot Weekly Navin Kumar Gupta Navin Kumar Gupta Rajbiraj-6, Saptari 9803283115 [email protected] 46
250 Naya Current Weekly Current Publication Pvt.Ltd Debendra Gautam Surybainayak Napa 4 9813790798 [email protected] 46
251 Naya Khabar Kaagaj Weekly Gyan Udas Gyan Udas Baghbazar 31,Kathamandu 9841251936 [email protected] 44

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252 Naya purwa kshitij Weekly Sumitra Koirala Sumitra Koirala Gaighat 2 [email protected] 44
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 253 Naya Sandharbha Weekly Gobinda Chandra Chhetri Gobinda Chandra Chhetri Birtamod, Jhapa 581195 46
254 Nepal Mail Weekly Chanda Kuamri Shah Chanda Kuamri Shah Janakapur- 3 Kishowrinagar, Dhanusha 9804860503 [email protected] 44
255 Nepal Tiger Weekly Kamala Basnet Madhu Bahadur Basnet P.O.Box-13556 Gyanshwor, Kathmandu 4435710 [email protected] 46

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256 Nepal Top Times Weekly Sabittri Kumari Yadb A M Urfa Abhinash Birgunj 16 Parsa 9845789937 [email protected] 46
257 Nepali Times Weekly Himal Media Pvt Ltd Kunda Dixit GPO Box No. 7251, Hattiban, Godhabari Road, Lalitpur Nepal 5005601 [email protected] 49
258 Nepalipan Weekly Sunil Kumar Shah Sunil Kumar Shah Maitidevi 30, Kathmandu 9841842131 [email protected] 44
259 Nepalipatra Weekly Kabir Prasad Joshi Kabir Prasad Joshi Lagantole, Kathmandu 9841305944 [email protected] 46
260 New High Way Weekly Shashi Kumar Shrestha Sanja Shrestha Reshamkhothi, Birgunj-6, Parsa 051527452 [email protected] 44
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261 New Pathibhara Weekly Durga Prasad Bhattrai Durga Prasad Bhattrai Biratnagar 021527267 [email protected] 45
262 New Prakash Manoj kumar Saha Rekha Kumari Gupta Rauthat [email protected] 44
263 New Season Weekly Poonam Shrestha Pranita Upadhya Bingung 3 Aadarsh Tole, Parsa 9845033353 [email protected] 44
264 New Swarnim Sandhaya Weekly Sudha Dev Sudha Dev Rajbiraj, Saptari 9842823964 [email protected] 46
265 News Prabah Weekly B and B P. LTD Mekna Tamang Bharatpur 16 Chitawan [email protected] 44
266 News Yatharth Weekly Aashis Kumar Gupta Aanada Kumar Biswokarma Tribeni Mode, Nepalgunj 4 9804508161 [email protected] 52
267 Nijgadh Samachar Weekly Pabitra Kumari Chaulagai Samita Chaulagai Nijghad Nagarpalika 8 Lioneschowk 053540401 [email protected] 45
268 Nirman Lahar Weekly Hamro Prakasan Samuha Pvt Roheet Kafle Bhadarpur Bazar [email protected] 45
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269 Nuwakot Pukar Weekly Gosaikunda Publication Pvt Durga Chalise Gongabu, KTM 561111 [email protected] 47
270 Okhareni Weekly Sitaram Ghimire Sitaram Ghimire Amit Chautara, Presschowk 8 9841341977 [email protected] 44
271 Paigam Weekly Mohamad Firoj Siddiki Mohamad Firoj Siddiki Lahan Na Pa 7, 9852832565 [email protected] 48
272 Pakhribas Weekly Prem Niraula Prem Niraula Khandbari 1, Chadanichowk, Sankhuwasabha 9852051933 [email protected] 46
273 Palanchowk Weekly Shubharaj Adhikari Indralaxmi GHimire Banepa 10, Godamchowk [email protected] 45
274 Palika Aawaj Weekly Mission Palika Media Pvt. Ltd. Badri Prasad Ghimire Manthali Nagarpalika-1, Ramechhap 9851064312 [email protected] 42
275 Palika Sandesh Weekly P S T Nepal Media PVT.LTD Tirtharaj Timsina Buddha Shanti 3 Jhapa 9861042804 [email protected] 42
276 Palpa Samacharpatra Weekly Yaggyamurti Timilsena Yaggyamurti Timilsena Makhantole, Darbar Gate Agadi, Tansen, Palpa 9847069739 [email protected] 40
277 Panchadhura Weekly Madhav Shrestha Madhav Shrestha Bardibas, Mahottari 044550449 [email protected] 46
278 Panchakoshi Times Sujan Shrestha Roshan Shrestha Itahari 1, Sunsari 9842395381 [email protected] 46
279 Parasi Patra Hari Shrama Hari Shrama Ramgram Na Pa 5, Parashi, Nawalparasi 9847021926 [email protected] 41
280 Parbat Khabar Weekly Indra Man Khatri Indra Man Khatri Dhaneshwor Chowk, Kusma, Parbat [email protected] 44
281 Parighatna Weekly Ram Narayan Biswas Mithiles Kumar Yadav Rajbiraj 031520768 [email protected] 46
282 Parisuchan Weekly lekhan Nepal Taraprasad Shrama Banapa 3, Guthi, Baglung 068520922 [email protected] 44
283 Pariwartansheel Aawaj Weekly Ramchandra Prajapati Krishna Prajapati Suryabinayak, Bhaktapur 6614984 [email protected] 46
284 Paschim Post Weekly Sumitra Devi Ojha Nayana Ojha POBox No20557 Budhanilkantha Kathmandu 016914683 [email protected] 45
285 Pathpardarsak Weekly Laxmi Kumari Malla Bipin Bikaram Shahi Tahachal, Kathmandu 9818625073 [email protected] 44
286 Peoples Review Weekly Periwinkle Prakashan Pvt. Ltd Pusparaj Pradhan P.O.Box-3052, Dillibazar, Kathmandu 4417352 [email protected] 50
287 Peoples Weekly Ashok Rauniyar Ashok Rauniyar Ram Chowk, Dhanusha 041521878 [email protected] 42
288 Phaktanglung Darpan Dil Kumar Limbu Jiten Limbu Phungling Na Pa 5, Buddha Chowk, Taplegunj 9842689539 [email protected] 46
289 Poorvadhar Weekly Arjun BahadurKshetri Arjun Bahadur Kshetri Trimurti Complex Station Road, Janakpur-2, Dhanusha 520961 [email protected] 46
290 Popular News Sunsari Media Pvt. Ltd. Sanjaya Mehata Inruwa 7, Sunsari 025560831 [email protected] 49
291 Prabardhan Weekly Shova Saha Umangajung Paramkram Sahah Basantapur 4220628 [email protected] 47
292 Prabhatpheri Weekly Rajyalaxmi Shrestha Pralhad Shrama Humagai Banepa-5 Kavre 9751028450 [email protected] 47
293 Pradesh Aawaj Asoka Kumari Yadav Ram Narayan Yadav Rajbiraj 1 9814794020 [email protected] 48
294 Pradesh Raibar Weekly Pradesh Publication Pvt. Ltd Nabin Kumar Subedi Birandra Nagar 6 Surkhet [email protected] 50
295 Prahar Khabar Weekly Prahar Media Pvt. Ltd Kumar Shrestha Manthali-1, Ramechhap 9844443410 [email protected] 46
296 Pratipatra Weekly Madhu Singh Malla Bijaya Malla P.O.Box-5067 Teku, Kathmandu 4239069 [email protected] 43
297 Pratiraksha Weekly Ramesh Timelsina Ramesh Timalsina Chandranigahapur-1 Rauthat [email protected] 44
298 Press Sanchar Weekly Anjali shaha Rajib Dash Rajbiraj 7,Saptari 9802820597 [email protected] 42
299 Public Aawaj Weekly Chhayachhetra Media Pvt Ltd Amrit Aryal Waling 8, Syangja 9846043838 [email protected] 46
300 Public Times (Paanchthar) Ganesh Kumar Rai Sandip Rai Buddahmarga,Phiddim, Paanchthar 9851189454 [email protected] 45
 301 Punarprayas Weekly J.D. Amatya Ishwordhoj Karki Babarmahal, Basanta Nagar, Kathmandu 4268313 44
302 Purnapusti Weekly Bhotraj Rai Shanta Rai Tri. Nagarpalika–11, Udayapur 420730 [email protected] 46
303 Purwajyoti Weekly Jagannath Bhattrai Jagannath Bhattrai Urlabari-4, Morang 540282 [email protected] 47
304 Pushpabrishti Weekly Niraj Kumar Shrestha Bed Bahadur Shrestha Manthali 4, Ramechhap 048540132 [email protected] 45
305 Rahasya Weely Muktinath Bastola Muktinath Bastola P.O.Box-9255,Baluwaltar Kathmandu 4442039 [email protected] 42
306 Rajbiraj Sandesh Neelu Kumari Jhha Rajesh Kumar Jhha Sworna Tole *, Rajbiraj Near Ganeh Mandir 031523581 [email protected] 48
307 Ramechhap Khabar Saujanya Prasad Satyal Saujanya Prasad Satyal near GBIsa Building Ramechhap [email protected] 43
308 Ramechhap Post Weekly Bidur prasad Dhungle Bidur prasad Dhungle Naya Baneshwor ktm 9851141829 [email protected] 44
309 Rastra Marga Ram Binaya Prasad Shah Arjun Bahadur Chhetri Kalaiya 5, Bara 9855020138 [email protected] 41
310 Rastra Samrakshan Weekly K. B Pandey Kul Bahadur Pandey Sukedhara, Kathamandu 9851034136 [email protected] 44
311 Rastra Vani Weekly National Vision Publication Pvt.Ltd Hari Lamsal Budhanilkantha 10, Kapan KTM 4812283 [email protected] 43
312 Rastriya Janahit Weekly Satya Narayan Sharama Bidhyananda Shrama Biranagar 16, Bakhari 9852029892 [email protected] 47
313 Rautahat Aawaj Weekly Rajdevi Prakashan P.Ltd. Prushowtam Singh Bhattari Birgunj, Chhapkiya-2, Parsa 051523277 [email protected] 44
314 Rautahat Drishti Sailendra Jha Ananda Jha Gaur 520608 [email protected] 42
315 Rautahat Voice Weekly Sabita Kumari Ram Arbinda Prasad Sah Kanu Rajdevi Na Pa Mudwala Gabisa &, Rautahat 9845525010 [email protected] 44
316 Rekhdekh Weekly Prabir Dadel Prabir Dadel Musikot Nagarpalika 1 9847876713 [email protected] 44
317 Reporters Aawaj Weekly Dhirendra Prasad Shah Dhirendra Prasad Shah Maleth Rajbiraj-7, Saptari 9842820681 [email protected] 44
318 Roshi Khabar Dinesh Lama Gunaraj Muktan Dhulikhel, Hukhamarga 011490738 [email protected] 48
319 Roshi Weekly Imagin Multimedia Pvt Ltd Dhruba Rayamaji Baghbazar Kathmandu 9841602323 [email protected] 44
320 Rupakot Dambar Hamrung Dambar Hamrung diktel khotang 9852849050 [email protected] 44
321 Sadaye aam Weekly kaasim Raien pujan Thakur Kadam Chowk, Janakpur 9807697560 [email protected] 46
322 Sagarmatha Khabar Ishwor Tamang Ashok Tamang Triuga 2 Gaighat 9842811111 [email protected] 44
323 Saheekhabar Weekly Sarita Dahal Sarita Dahal Hetauda 5, Sichai Tole 9845461333 [email protected] 43
324 Sahid Weekly shankharpur Publication Pvt Narayan Maharjan Panga Kirtipur PO Boix No.4384 4330583 [email protected] 51
325 Sajha Nepal Weekly Bimala Pandey Bimala Pandey Kamalamai 4, Sindhuli 047520390 [email protected] 49
326 Sajha News Gopal Bhandari Kabita Pokhreel Jella Prasasan Chowk Taulihawa 9847020643 [email protected] 44
327 Sakshi Khabar Patrika Damodar Basnet Damodar Basnet Bijouri, Dang [email protected] 46
328 Samachar Ghar Weekly Dayaraj Neupane Sudarsan Pandya Palpa 9847098987 [email protected] 40
329 Samaj Jagaran Weekly Chadreshowr Raj Tirpathi Chadreshowr Raj Tirpathi Nepalgunga-6 Banke 9848023534 [email protected] 51
330 Samarthya Weekly Buddhi Sagar Pokhrel Dr Dhanapati Koirala Nawalpasahi 2, Kawasoti 9847094744 [email protected] 44
331 Samaya Baddha Weekly Samayabaddha Publication Pvt. Ltd. Sita Adhikari Kathmandu 9818114377 [email protected] 48
332 Samaya Drishti Weekly Rosi dgetal p.l Sugandharam shretha Koteshwor 32 Kathmandu 9851061186 [email protected] 41
333 Samaya Samaj Weekly Samaya Samaj Prakasan Pvt. Ltd Som Sharma Bajagain jagati, Bhaktepur 016209882 [email protected] 46
334 Samayojan Weekly khadk Badhadur Koli khadk Badhadur koli Kanchanpur [email protected] 49
335 Sampada Aanchal Weekly Benumaya Chaudhari Menuka Basnet [Pandya] Ithari-1 Budhahad Sunsari 025621163 [email protected] 48
336 Samriddha Weekly Myagdi Kamal Khatri Kamal Khatri Beni nagarpalika 7, Ganeshtole, Benibazar 069521116 [email protected] 45
337 Sanchar Dristi Manjukumari Shyam Sundar Yadav Rajbiraj, Saptari 1 9842823052 [email protected] 48
338 Sandesh Janapriya Weekly Dipa Bhandari Prem Dahal kamalamai 6 sinduli 9851267729 [email protected] 46
339 Sanghu Weekly Gopal Budhathoki Ramkala Budhathoki P.O.Box-2984, Baghbazar, Machhigalli,Kathmandu 4230748 [email protected] 47
340 Sankhuwasabha Express Weekly Nabin gurung khadbari 1 Sankhhuwasavha [email protected] 45
341 Sansani Khabar Ritesh Kumar Singh Rupesh Kumar Singh Bhanu Chowk, Janakpur 2 9804815109 [email protected] 48
342 Saptahik Chitwan Weekly Surya Prasad Shrestha Surya Prasad Shrestha Bharatpur-12, Jyoti Marg Town, Chitwan 056490959 [email protected] 45
343 Saptahik Samachar Weekly Gopal Giri Rajbabu Shanker Jhapa 9842652827 [email protected] 44
344 Saptahik Vimarsh Weekly Vimarsh Pvt. Ltd. Rajendra Upcharak GPO Box No. 5254, Kathmandu,Gyaneshwor 4413570,4413572,44135653
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345 Saptari Jagaran Weekly Prastabit Tarai Sanchar Samuha Pvt Baidyanath Yadav Hello Yadubamshi Chowk, Rajbiraj-3, Saptari 031522297 [email protected],[email protected]
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346 Saptari Post Weekly Nabin Narsingh Nepali Nabin Narsingh Nepali Panitanki Road Saptari 9842822797 [email protected] 44
347 Saptari Sandesh Weekly Sahmbhu Lal Dev Ganesh Lal Dev Rajbiraj, Saptari 520768 48

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348 Saptari Serofhero Weekly Ambika Kumari Dahal Ambika Kumari Dahal Rajbiraj 6 Saptari [email protected] 47
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 349 Saptari Times Weekly Chandankumar Yadav Chandankumar Yadav Rajbiraj 9, Rajdevi Chowk 9842957911 [email protected] 48
350 Sarangkot Weekly Yedunath Banjara Yedunath Banjara Newroad 8, Pokhara Kaski 9856033391 [email protected] 46
351 Sarba Saktiman Weekly Shyam Prasad Kuswah Arjun Jaiswal Shreepur 14 Birgunj 47

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352 Sarlahi Aawaj Weekly Uma Kumari Khatiwada Rohit Prasad Paudel Malangwa 9 Sarlahi 046-501388 [email protected] 45
353 Sarlahi Post Romprsad Mainali Romprsad Mainali Murttia 3 Sarlahi 046540063 [email protected] 46
354 Sarokar Khabar Nabin Babu Adhkari Nabin Babu Adhkari Kamlamai Na pa 6, Gairibazar, Sindhuli 9854042649 [email protected] 46
355 Sarwa Vayapak Weekly Shiva Pujan Dinesh Kumar Acharya birgunj 14 parasa 47
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356 Satasi Weekly Prem Rai Prem Rai Satasidham, Jhiljhile Jhapa 023470677 [email protected] 45
357 Satti Karnali Dhansara Buda L.B Buda Narayapur, Kailali 9 9749000752 [email protected] 48
358 Satya Samacharpatra Santosh Kumar Poudel Santosh Kumar Poudel Maisthan, Ward No. 11, House No. 151, Birgunj, Parsa 524099 49
359 Satya Sansar Weekly Mamta Kumari Yadab Binayak Prasad Yadab Inaruwa 2, Sunsari 9814337023 [email protected] 44
360 Satyagraha Weekly Sitaram Dhungel Rajesh Sapkota nayaBaneshwor po box 21510 Kathmandu 4485482 [email protected] 42
361 Satyapan Weekly Compaq Communication P.Ltd. Byas Shankar Upadhaya Rajbiraj, Saptari 031520549 [email protected] 48
362 Shanti Nepal Weekly Subir Upaddya Subir Upaddya Birath Nagar 2 Morang 025540040 [email protected] 47
363 Sharda Weekly Sanjaya Prasad Koiri Punam Sarma Birgunj 14, Parsa 49
364 Shasakiya Sudhar Weekly Shasakiya Sudhar Publication & adv Ramesh Dahal Po.Box 8978,Gothatar Kathmandu Nepal 014434670 [email protected] 46
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365 Shramik Weekly Sarojraj Gosai Anuradha Thapa Magar Bhaktapur 6610926 [email protected] 52
366 Shree Akhabar Rishi K.B. Rishi K.B. Hetauda Ward No 1 Purwa Paschim Lokmarga 9855037234 [email protected] 41
367 Shree Janamat Weekly Samudayeek Prkashan P.Ltd Saligram Pandey Biratnagar-1, Bhatta Chowk, Morang 9842105995 [email protected] 51
368 Shree Sarthak Sarthak Prakashan Pvt. Ltd. Hari Parsad Joshi Aspatal Road,sarthak Chowk Mahendra Nagar, Kanchanpur 522517 [email protected] 50
369 Shree Satyapan Weekly Surendra Prasad Gupta Surendra Prasad Gupta Rajbiraj-7, Saptari 5220226 [email protected] 48
370 Shubha Sandesh Weekly Chhabilal Tiwari Indira Devi Shrama Kusma Nagarpalika 5, Parbat 067420388 [email protected] 44
371 Sindhu Bulanda Weekly Chitra kumar Mijar chitra kumar mijar Chautara Bazar 9849921130 [email protected] 44
372 Sindhu Jagaran Weekly Bidur Giri Damodar Bharati Chautara 5, Sindupalchowk [email protected] 46
373 Sindhu Jwala Weekly Dinesh Dulal Dinesh Dulal Presschowk, Chautara [email protected] 48
374 Sindhu Post Weekly Ram Chandra Nepal Ram Chandra Nepal Press Chowk, Chautara, Sindhupalchowk 620280 [email protected] 44
375 Sindhu Prabaha Weekly Purna Prasad Shrestha Dinesh Thapa Chautara,Sindupalchok 9851201052 [email protected] 44
376 Sishtachar Weekly Amit Kumar Saha P. K. Aryal birgunj 18 parsa 47
377 Smarika Khabar Weekly Deepak Bhatta Deepak Bhatta Manthali 2, Ramechhap 048540300 [email protected] 44
378 Srot Weekly Jyoti Kharel Kabita Mainali Murtia 3 Sarlahi 046540447 [email protected] 44
379 Subhechha Sandesh Weekly Shanta Adhikari Shanta Adhikari Milla Area Bharatpur 2, Chhetrapur 531217 [email protected] 44
380 Suchana Digdarsan Weekly Maheshowr Bharati Maheshowr Bharati Adalat Road, Rajbiraj-1, Saptari 9842821877 [email protected] 44
381 Suchanapatra Weekly Bangsi Kumar Sharma Bangsi Kumar Sharma Ghorahi,Dang 082520210 [email protected] 44
382 Sudama Weekly Gopal Aacharya Gopal Aacharya Aaloknagar, Minbhawan, KTM 9841714454 [email protected] 44
383 Sudoor Sandarbha Dhan Bahadur Bika Dhan B Bika Tikapur 7, Satti 091692196 [email protected] 44
384 Sudoorpaschim Post Shyamdatta Bhatta Shyamdatta Bhatta Gol Market Mahendranagar 9851012993 [email protected] 51
385 Sudur Paschimko Prayas Weekly Durga Devkota Samjhana Aryal Tikapur-9 Kailali [email protected] 47
386 Sukhani sandesh Weekly Raju Pathak Chudamani Basistha Bhadrapur 8 Jhapa 9862687222 [email protected] 40
387 Sukrawa:ya Tansapau RameshKaji Sthapit Suresh Manandhar Tahiti, 17 KTM 4220606 [email protected] 45
388 Suksham Dristi Weekly Khasan Media Pvt. Ltd. Hastaraj Regmi Birendranagar 6, Surkhet 9848050153 [email protected] 45
389 Sumnima Weekly Bishwaraj Kirat Bishwaraj Kirat ANAMNAGAR gpo box no 7412 9851313657 [email protected] 45
390 Sunaulo Khabar Weekly Rajesh Poudel Kabita Pokhrel Panapa 8,Baddada, Gorkha 9855056119 [email protected] 48
391 Sunchhahari Weekly Mahesh Kumar Sharma Uma KC Liwang 4 Rolpa 9866903284 [email protected] 41
392 Sunstar Weekly Nabin Lochan Magar Nabin Lochan Magar Rolpa napa 4, Libang 9847877672 [email protected] 44
393 Suryaramva Weekly Indra kunwar Indra kunwar Tikapur 1 kailali 091561407 [email protected] 46
394 SuSandesh Weekly Yadunath Gautam Yadunath Gautam Banepa 6 Kavre 9851106170 [email protected] 46
395 Swabalambi Weekly Sapana Dhakal Manju Shrama Bara, Jeetpur Simara 053521749 [email protected] 46
396 Swadhin Sambad Weekly Madhav Bhandari Madhav Bhandari Bhadrapur 4 Jhapa [email protected] 49
 397 Swatantra Birat Weekly Pramod Prasad Subedi Pramod Prasad Subedi Biratnagar 15, Janapath Tole 021472993 [email protected] 46
398 Swatantra Shakti Weekly Krishna Bahadur Aale Krishna Bahadur Aale Beshisahar 9, Lamjung Shera 9846098859 [email protected] 45
399 Swornakshar Weekly Nita Timilsina Nita Timilsina Teenkune, Koteshwor Kathmandu 9841646040 [email protected] 48
400 Syangja Sandesh Weekly Om Prakash Sharma Om Prakash Sharma Putalibazar-1, Abhiyanpath, Syanja 420270 [email protected] 44
401 Taja Khabar Weekly Yagyaraj Neupane Yagyaraj Neupane Baghbazar, Kathmandu 014228625 [email protected] 46
402 Tamakoshi Sandesh Weekly Tamakosho Media Pvt.Ltd Ramprasad Rimal Baghbazar 31, Kathmandu 9841433240 tamakoshiweekly@yahoo,com 49
403 Tanahun Aawaj Tanahun Aawaj Publication Pvt. Rishi Ram Pokhrel Byas Na.Pa.-10, Khelkud Maidan, Damauli, Tanahu 560812 [email protected] 51
404 Tarai Abhiyan Weekly Shova Kumari Gupta Rampukar Yadav Lahan Nagrpalika 8, Aarmi Campko Purwa 9817712101 48
405 Thaha Darshan Weekly Shiva Kumar Kashi Gobinda Poudyal Manahri 3, Makwanpur [email protected] 45
406 The Nepal Weekly Shreesh Ballav Pradhan Shreesh Ballav Pradhan Tahachal, 416 Kathmandu 4280979 [email protected] 43
407 The Public Memo Weekly Bhushan Kumar Singh Bhushan Kumar Singh Rajbiraj 2 031523741 [email protected] 46
408 The Universal Times Weekly World Publication Pvt. Bishnu Kumar Giri p o box21009 Gyneshwor, ktm 4444683 [email protected] 44
409 Thokshila Darpan Weekly Tank Bahadur Karki Tank Bahadur Karki Baghbazar, Kathmandu 9841396578 [email protected] 44
410 Treenetra Post Weekly Munesh Kumar LayoMagar Ganesh Bahadur Thakuri Resam Kothi 13 Birganj 9845495241 [email protected] 47
411 Trishuli Prabaha Weekly Saran Utsuk Saran Utsuk Bidur-4, Sanchar Chowk, Nuwakot [email protected] 50
412 Triyuga Times JyantikalaTamang Kiran prasad Dhungana Trinapa 2, Himalai Tole 035421552 [email protected] 45
413 Tuwachung Weekly Dipendra rai Dipendra rai Halesi Tuwachung Na Pa 5, Khotang 9851199879 [email protected] 45
414 Ujyalo Express Weekly Ujyalo Media House Deepak Khanal Hakim Chowk10, Bharatpur, Chitwan 056524377 [email protected] 44
415 United Post Weekly Himchuli Media Pvt Ltd Sushil Neupane New Palaza Kathmandu 4426373 [email protected] 44
416 Upto Date Weekly Dev Raj Aryal Dev Raj Aryal Baghbazar Ktm.PoB8973 2004678 [email protected] 40
417 Urdu Times Weekly Hasim Raeen Phool Kumar Chaudhary Janakpur 6, 9844560786 [email protected] 43
418 Vijaya Khabar Weekly Vijaya Samudayik Suchana shreedhar upadhaya Gaidakot Nagarpalika 8, Nawalparasi 078501403 [email protected] 49
419 Vision Nepal Purna Prasad Nepane S B Jero Siddhicharan Nagarpalika 5, Okhaldhunga [email protected] 46
420 Vyasshree Weekly Basanta Kandel Bimala Duwadi Vyas Na Pa 1, Bhadgaun, Damauli Tanahun 9846065190 [email protected] 44
421 Yug Byatha Weekly Arjun Prasad Mainali Arjun Prasad Mainali Baneshwor 10 Kathmandu 9841918476 [email protected] 46
422 Yug Sarokar Weekly Dharma Sing BK Jagat Bisokarma Dhanapa 5, Kavardhall Chowk, Hasanpur 9848485630 [email protected] 43
423 Yugasambad Weekly Somnath Ghimire Somnath Ghimire GPO Box No. 5331, Annamnagar KTM, Ramsahpath, Kathmandu 985108484352 [email protected] 42
424 Yugdarshan Weekly Yugjyoti Prakashan Pvt. Ltd Bidhyanath Adhikari Budhanilkantha 10, Kapan Jyotinagar KTM 014165268 [email protected] 44
425 Yugpukar Weekly Kumar Kanta Jha Kumar Kanta Jha Jaleshowar Prikauli, Mohottari 044520630 [email protected] 46
426 Yuwa Janapriya Weekly Lalan Kumar Shah Lalan kumar Sha Shivapath, Dhanusha 9844188802 [email protected] 44

kflIfs
SN PNAME PBNAME ENAME PADD PPHNO EMAIL
1 Arthakari Pakshik Ramesh Timalsina Laxmi Budhathoki Bara 23
2 Kadar Pachhcik Kadar Media Pvt Ltd Taradevi Karki Rokaya Cha Na Pa 12 K.t.m 9849830526 [email protected] 23
3 Krishi Vatavaran Aawaj Siwa Sharama Niraj Karna Gulariya Napa &, Bardiya 9848112999 [email protected] 24
4 Layakoo Fortnightly Naresh Bir Shakya Naresh Bir Shakya Kathmandu 4220730 [email protected] 24
5 Missile Pakshik Prastawit Dhoni Pvt Ltd Manju Lama parijatpath Hetauda 4 057691933 [email protected] 20
6 Nari Sansar Fortnightly Gretar Nepal Pablikesan ishwari Adhikari Ranabhr [Isha} Bagbazar Kathmandu [email protected] 24
7 New Spotlight Fortnightly Keshab Poudel Keshab Poudel Kamalpokhari 9841320517 [email protected] 22
8 Page 3 Pakshik Darsanbir Shakaya Darsanbir Shakaya pobox 1756 ktm 4220730 [email protected] 24
9 Sahara Times Fortnightly Lali Yadav Sunainakumari Yadav Koteswhor, Kathmandu 9841458803 [email protected] 20
10 Samaya Sandarbha (Kathmandu) Dilli Ram Bhattrai Dilli Ram Bhattrai Putalisadak 014421962 [email protected] 20

dfl;s
SN PNAME PBNAME ENAME PADD PPHNO EMAIL
1 Aalekh Monthly Achyut Ghimire Achyut Ghimire Kageswori Manohara Na Pa 6 , GreenHIll City 9851114066 [email protected] 12

243
2 Adhyatam Jagaran Masik Ragebendra Saha Ragebendra Saha Media complex Janakapurdham - 3 041523083 [email protected] 11
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 3 Agnichakra National Monthly Laxmi Narayan Bhattarai Laxmi Narayan Bhattarai Bansbari - 3, Kathmandu [email protected] 10
4 Apanga Aawaj Nepal disabled Human right centre Shudarson subedi chabhil, Chuchepati,kathmandu nepal 4472898 [email protected] 10
5 Artha Ra Rojgar Masik Rojgar Media Pvt Uddhab Bhattarai Pobox No.12018, Baghbazar 014248223 [email protected] 12

244
6 Awaj Sampreshan Masik Nir Bahadur BK Tansen 3 Palpa 9860925338 [email protected] 10
7 Bungwakha Monthly Santa Prasad Rai Padam Kumar Rai Kathmandu Nepal 2221150 [email protected] 12
8 Champak Masik DK Maiya Ghimire chagunarayan bhaktapur, 6610954 [email protected] 11
9 Chhyorten Masik Bir Bahadur Lama Sunita Lama Boudha tusel kathmandu 4496054 [email protected] 12
10 Cross Check Monthly Tank Bahadur karki Tank Bahadur karki Baghbazar, Kathmandu [email protected] 12
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11 Eaikyabaddata Masik Eaikabadyata Sewa Kendra Pvt Mina sharma (tiwari) po .bo.no.9051 kathmandu nepal 4440557 [email protected] 10
12 Elohan Masik narashbir shakhya suresh kiran manandhar kathmandu [email protected] 12
13 Gauri Monthly Arjun Lamichhane Arjun Lamichene Gausala kathmandu [email protected] 12
14 Goraksha Nikhil Bani Masik Siddashram Shakti Kendra Bindeshori Baral Basundhara, Kathmandu 014989154 [email protected] 11
15 Greatway Monthly Discovery News Network Pvt Madan Kumar Acharya Lalitpur, Pulchowk 9851012110 [email protected] 12
16 Guguldi masik Veer Bahadur Chand Bishram Veer Bahadur Chand Bishram Chand Traders Campusmarga kanchanpur 099524649 [email protected] 11
17 Health Today Monthly Health Today Media Pvt .Ltd Padamraj Joshi POBOX No. 13765 KTM, Annamnagar 9841449315 12
18 Himalini Masik Dr. Krihshachandra Mishra Publication Pvt Ltd Shweta Dipti Anamnagar Kathmandu Nepal 9802046555 [email protected] 12
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19 Hipat Masik Prakas BK Durga Devi Siwakoti Chabhil,Kath 9851044231 [email protected] 10

20 Jana Aarthik Sansar Masik Shiva Basnet Shiva Basnet Annamnagar Kathmandu 014770683 [email protected] 12
21 kageshwori Today Monthly shalikram Sapkota gokarneshwor 7 Kathmandu [email protected] 10
22 Kalash Masik Merina Smiriti Mamtta Merina Smiriti Mamtta Pobox No 11734 MItrapark, Kathmandu 4479670 [email protected] 11
23 Kamana masik Puskar Lal shrestha Kushal Gautam soltimod kathmandu po 2045 4287777 www.newsofnepal.com 10
24 Krishi Journal Monthly Krishi Tatha Sanchar Prabidi P.L Dhan Bahadur Magar Toukhel 9, Machhegaun 9841449753 [email protected] 12
25 Kummayak Times Masik Ramesh Thapa Chetkumari Ghimire Yasok Bazar 1 Paanchthar 9842768447 [email protected] 10
26 Lalyug masik Prakash Rokaya Prakash Rokaya Karnali Media Pvt. Soltimode Kathmandu 5374791 [email protected] 12
27 Lipi pau Masik Nareshbir Shakya Nareshbir Shakya setodarbar Jamal Kathmandu 4220730 [email protected] 12
28 Lokalay Masik Lilanath Gautam Lilanath Gautam Kanapa 6, Sarsotinagar, KTM 9841402670 [email protected] 11
29 Lun Aakha Masik Darshanbir Shakya Darshanbir Shakya Pobox 1756 [email protected] 12
30 Madhyapur post Masik Padma shrestha krishand dev shrestha timii-7 bhaktapur nepal 6632914 [email protected] 12
31 Manabadhikar Sandesh Monthly Lokendra Bahadur Shahi Maheshwor Poudyal Anamnagar, Kathmandu 9847450436 [email protected] 10
32 Mujura Monthly Sushil Simkhada Aanantaprasad Aryal sundarijal baspark,ktm 4800722 [email protected] 12
33 Mundhum Monthly Rajbal Rai Sisam Rai Gongabu 9,Kath. P o box 8753 [email protected] 12
34 Naali Monthly Nareshbir Shakya Nareshbir Shakya jam setodurbar Yeh POB 1967 4220730 [email protected] 11
35 Narayani Today Masik Birendramani Poudyal Piya Market Third Floor, Narayangadh, Chitwan [email protected] 12
36 National Mirror Monthly Bimala Bista Bimala Bista Dhapasi 7 ktm 4355611 [email protected] 11
37 Nava Nepal Times(Dhanusha) Rabindra Jha Dhirendra Jha Bidhyapati Chowk, Dhanusha 12
38 Navin Sandesh Masik Lilaram Sapkota Kalpana Shrama Ghattekulo, Kathmandu 4439125 [email protected] 12
39 Naya Satmarga Monthly JP Foundation Shushila Poudel Saraswotinagar, Kathmandu 4811745 [email protected] 12
40 Netrajyoti Monthly Khin Kumari Basnet Santoshi Basnet Thulo Sirubari 7.daduwa [email protected] 12
41 New Business Age Monthly New Business Age (P) Ltd Madan parsad Lamsal Panchayan Marga Thapathali POB 14197 4267717 [email protected] 11
42 Newsmandu Monthly Bhabindra Karki (Bhibindra) Bhabindra Karki (Bhibindra) Kamanapa 11, Babarmahal, KTM 014239877 [email protected] 12
43 Nhu Prestige Nepa Monthly Lalitpur Publication Pvt Narendbhadur Rajbhandari haugel lalitpur 2121741 [email protected] 12
44 Nilo Aakas Mandira Dahal Mandira Dahal Baghbazar, KTM [email protected] 10
45 Pachal Jharana Monthly Ranabahadur BK Ranabahadur BK Kirtipur, KTM 9843775374 [email protected] 12
46 Phopti Masik Tilak Bahadur Rai Rupa Rai Halesi 5 Khotang [email protected] 12
47 Prashasanik sarokar Monthly Saroj Ghimire K.M.N.Pa 10 Kathmandu Kathmandu [email protected] 10
48 Prashasanik Sudhar masik Shaskiya Sudhar Publication & ADV Ramesh Kumar Dahal Maitidevi, 33 Kathmandu 4434760 [email protected] 12
49 Pustakalaya Aawaj Monthly Ramesh Kumar Bhusal Ramesh Kumar Bhusal POBox No. 25919 Kuleshwor 9851114753 [email protected] 12
50 Sabdankur Monthly Dheer Kumar Shrestha Dheer Kumar Shrestha POBox13239 Kathmandu [email protected] 11
 51 Samabesi Rastriya Monthly Kheel Bahadur Bhandari Kheel Bahadur Bhandari Putalisadak Kathmandu 4822367 [email protected] 11
52 Samayabodh Masik Samaya Bodh Media Pvt. Ltd Lekhnath Neupane Anaamnagar 9841933283 [email protected] 12
53 Samunnat Nepal Monthly Samunnat Nepal Publication Pvt Ltd Baburam Acharya Naya Baneshwor, kathmandu 4571529 [email protected] 12
54 Samunnati Masik Chandrama Adhikari Dilnath Adhikari Annamnagar KTM 4102800 [email protected] 11
55 Sangam Abhiyan masik Birat Saahitya Sangam gayatri kumar chapagain Biratnagar, Morang [email protected] 12
56 Sarathi Bal Patrika Monthly Mukunda Gautam Aagraha Gautam BU Na Pa 10, Kapan 9841231162 [email protected] 12
57 Shabda samyojan Monthly Basudev Ghimire Ramesh Pokhrel Naya Baneshwor GPO 9878 CPC 49 [email protected] 11
58 Shikshak Masik Gyan Bigyan Sachhik Cooperative Ltd Rajendra Dahal Jawalakhel Pob No.391 5543252 [email protected] 12
59 Shubharambha masik Dinesh Kumar Pokhrel Dinesh Simpane Pokhrel Birathnagar 10 [email protected] 11
60 Sindhu Yatra Masik Yatra Media Gyanendra prasad Timlesina Chautara, Sindhupalchok 011620114 [email protected] 11
61 Sitimi Masik Tilak Chamling Tilak Chamling Tokha NagarPalika 8 K T M 9841572790 [email protected] 12
62 Sulekh masik Surabhi Sahtaya Pratisthan Bajuram Prasad Poudyal jorpati Beshigaun 014910486 [email protected] 12
63 Swadhin Monthly Butwal Media Prakashan Pvt. Ltd. Dr. Balkrishna Chapagain Butwal 8, Rupandehi 071554345 [email protected] 12
64 Tamang Dajang Arjun Bahadur Tamang Indra Kumar Tamang Po.Box.No 6307,Budhanagar Kathmandu Nepal 9841474917 [email protected] 10
65 Tanchhooppa Monthly Kirat Yakthum Chumlung Amar Tumyahan Lambu Lalitpur 12
66 The Business Journal Monthly Purna Karki Purna Karki Dillabazar ktm 4770490 [email protected] 12
67 The HRM Monthly Mohan Ojha Samjhana Sarma Pulchok Lalitpur [email protected] 10
68 The Newarland Masik Elohan publication Pvt.Ltd Dr Jyoti Tuladhar Jamal Kathmandu 015320730 [email protected] 12
69 The Public Monthly Bina Sinha Bina Sinha Koteshwor 35, Kathmandu 9851133471 [email protected] 11
70 Unity Voice Monthly Ramchandra Khadka Ramchandra khadka Dillibazar, 32 4167573 [email protected] 10
71 Vet Times Monthly vet Tims Maida P.l Sunita pokharel Baghbazar, KTM 9851054868 [email protected] 11
72 Vimochan Monthly Vichar Vimarsh Pvt. Ltd. Rajendra Upacharak Gyaneshwor, Kathmandu 4413570 [email protected] 12
73 Watan Monthly Deviyani Pokhrel Birendra Pokhrel Katnjay, Sallaghari BHAKTAPUR [email protected] 10

å}dfl;s
SN PNAME PBNAME ENAME PADD PPHNO EMAIL
1 Aanjur Daimasik Rambharaosh Kapadi Rambharaosh Kapadi shivapath, Janakpur [email protected] 4
2 Chalani Daimasik Basuraj Dahal Shankar Pd. Adhikari Sahidchowk, Narayangadh 9851065264 4
3 Divya Sandesh Bi- Monthly Shambhuraj Dahal Shambhuraj Dahal [email protected] 6
4 Jestha Aawaj Bimonthly Pangkaj Dahal Kuber Dahal Kamal Gaupalika 5 Jhapa 9862657055 [email protected] 5
5 Kalpalata bio Monthly Renu Adhikari maunata Sudarshan Adhikari Tokha Kathmandu [email protected] 5
6 Pratinidhi Daimasik Bhim Kharel Bhim Kharel Newroad 4483968 [email protected] 5
7 Rachana Bimonthly Literary (KTM) Rochak Ghimire Rochak Ghimire Gahanapokhari, Tangal Ktm 5 4432703 [email protected] 5
8 Student Concept daimasik Keshbraj Panthi Krishna Humagain Suryabikram gyawali marga 9 baneshwor 9847388345 [email protected] 6
9 Sudur Chinari Daimasik Nanda Krishna Joshi Nanda Krishna Joshi Dhangadi 1, Kailalai 9848464189 [email protected] 6
10 Tanneri Daimasik Bidur Gautam Bidur Gautam [email protected] 4

q}dfl;s
SN PNAME PBNAME ENAME PADD PPHNO EMAIL
1 Aksharmarga traimasik Suryaprasad Lakoju Suryaprasad Lakoju Panuti 5, Campus Road 011440845 [email protected] 4
2 Ek libju Bhumju traimasik Ganesh Kumar Rai Kathmandu p.Bx.7212 [email protected] 4
3 Kaliko Suseli Parbat Sahitya Sangam Indrakumar Bikalpa Kusma, Parbat 067420005 [email protected] 4
4 LaharaTraimasik Ramchandra Shrama (Sanjel) Ramchandra Shrama (Sanjel) Bhotahity, Kathmandu 9841523181 [email protected] 4
5 Lawa Daggar Tikaram Chaudhary Tikaram Chaudhary Chaulahi 2, Lamahi, Deukhar [email protected] 4
6 Lok Bhawana (Makanpur) Nani Maiya Adhikarai Nani Maiya Adhikarai Children Park ,Makanpur 5 057524424 [email protected] 4
7 Nabapragyapan Traimasik Navaraj Rijal Navaraj Rijal Po.Box.No.9109, Kathmandu Nepal 2020551 [email protected] 4

10 PradhanataTraimasik
8 Samudaya ra Sirjana Pradhanata
Rajendra Media Pvt Ltd
Pahadi Bimala Puri
Rajendra Pahadi Baghbazar 28,
Maitirchowk, Kathmandu
Kusma Parbat. 014167530
06720068 [email protected]
[email protected] 4
5
9 Sachetana Sanchar Traiasik Maiya Ghimire (khanal) Maiya Ghimire (khanal) Khanalthok, Kavre [email protected] 4
10 Samudaya ra Sirjana Rajendra Pahadi Rajendra Pahadi Maitirchowk, Kusma Parbat. 06720068 [email protected] 5
cGo
SN PNAME PBNAME ENAME PADD PPHNO EMAIL

245
Antarbodh Traimasik
1 cGo Hom Shankar Bastola Hom Shankar Bastola ktm 9841365766 [email protected]
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SN PNAME PBNAME ENAME PADD PPHNO EMAIL

1 Antarbodh Traimasik Hom Shankar Bastola Hom Shankar Bastola ktm 9841365766 [email protected]
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published
Daily
1 Aajako Janapukar Daily Daily 2 Saptari 302
2 Aajako Naya Bikalpa Daily 7 Kanchanpur 311
3 Abhiyan Nepali Dainik Daily 7 Kanchanpur 314
4 Ablokit Dainik Daily 2 Saptari 312
5 Adarsha Samaj Daily 4 Kaski 344
6 Agni Post Daily Daily 7 Kailali 355
7 Akshata National Daily Daily 3 Ramechhap 306
8 Ankush Dainik Daily 2 Parsa 343
9 Annapurna Post Daily 3 Kathmandu 340
10 Anumodan Daily Daily 7 Kailali 322
11 Apan Dainik Daily 2 Siraha 305
12 Attariya Khabar Daily 7 Kailali 355
13 Barnamala Daily Daily 1 Sunsari 305
14 Baruwa Times Dainik Daily 1 Udayapur 301
15 Betana Daily Daily 1 Morang 305
16 Bhanjyang National Daily Daily 4 Tanahun 311
17 Bherimalika Daily Daily 6 Jajarkot 306
18 Bhojpuri Times Daily Daily 2 Parsa 333
19 Birgunj Samachar Patra Daily 2 Parsa 331
20 Bishwa Jagaran Daily Daily 2 Dhanusa 327
21 Blast times daily Daily 1 Sunsari 344
22 Buddhadarpan National Daily Daily 5 Kapilbastu 317
23 Butwal Today Daily 5 Rupandehi 346
24 Bypass Daily Daily 2 Parsa 335
25 Chandrasurya Wani Daily 2 Parsa 313
26 Chitwan Post Daily Daily 3 Chitwan 323
27 Citypost National Daily Daily 3 Kathmandu 305
28 Dadeldhura Post Daily 7 Dadeldhura 307
29 Daily Express Dainik Daily 2 Dhanusa 338
30 Dainik Brahmastra Daily 2 Parsa 315
31 Dainik Lumbini Daily Daily 5 Rupandehi 342
32 Dainik Nepalgunj Daily 5 Banke 340
33 Dainik Patra Daily 5 Rupandehi 339
34 Daraundi Daily Daily 4 Gorkha 310
35 Darchula Sandesh Daily 7 Darchula 354
36 Deepjwala Daily 5 Banke 309
37 Dhading Aawaj Daily Daily 3 Dhading 310
38 Dhamaka National Daily Daily 6 Dailekh 302
39 Dhamaka Janakpur Daily 2 Dhanusa 310
40 Dhaulagiri Jagaran Daily Daily 4 Baglung 304
41 Dhorpatan National Daily Daily 4 Baglung 350

246
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

42 Dikshan National Daily Daily 3 Dolakha 305
43 Faraksamachar Daily 5 Bardiya 301
44 Gadhikhabar Daily Daily 1 Udayapur 314
45 Ganatantra Dainik Daily 5 Dang 344
46 Gantabya Today Daily 3 Ramechhap 302
47 Gaushala Khabar Daily Daily 2 Mahottari 317
48 Goraksha National Daily Daily 5 Dang 342
49 Gorkha Samachar Dainik Daily 4 Gorkha 301
50 Gorkhapatra Daily 3 Kathmandu 356
51 Green Madhesh Daily 2 Saptari 300
52 HIMALAYA TIMES Daily 3 Kathmandu 350
53 Hamro Akhabar Daily Daily 6 Kalikot 310
54 Hamro Naya Nepal Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 334
55 Hamro Samachar Rastriya Dainik Daily 5 Banke 304
56 Hetauda Sandesh Daily 3 Makawanpur 349
57 Highway Post National Daily Daily 5 Banke 324
58 Highway Times Daily 7 Kailali 339
59 Highwaynews Daily 2 Rautahat 337
60 Ijalas Daily Daily 1 Jhapa 321
61 Ilam Express Daily 1 Ilam 313
62 Ilam Post Daily Daily 1 Ilam 320
63 Jagaran News Daily Daily 7 Achham 357
64 Jaleshwor Today Daily 2 Mahottari 363
65 Jan Sristi Daily Daily 2 Parsa 320
66 Janachaso Khabar Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 351
67 Janakpur Express Daily 1 Morang 314
68 Janakpur Today Daily 2 Dhanusa 351
69 Janasarokar Post Daily 7 Baitadi 324
70 Janasawal Daily Daily 3 Kathmandu 304
71 Janashatabdi Dainik Daily 1 Sunsari 300
72 Jandhara daily Daily 2 Dhanusa 305
73 Jyoti Jagaran Daily Daily 2 Parsa 333
74 Kailali Dainik Daily 7 Kailali 356
75 Kailalihotline Daily 7 Kailali 322
76 Kalantar Daily Daily 7 Kailali 319
77 Kalika Times Daily 2 Parsa 336
78 Kalprishtha Dainik Daily 5 Banke 345
79 Kalyan Post Daily Daily 2 Saptari 304
80 Kanchanpur Post Dainik Daily 7 Kanchanpur 324
81 Kantipur Daily Daily 3 Kathmandu 356
82 Khabarraftar Nepali Dainik Daily 7 Kailali 308
83 Khaptad News Daily 7 Achham 361
84 Khulasha Dainik Daily 2 Saptari 300
85 Kranti Kendra Daily 2 Saptari 300
86 Kreepa Daily Daily 2 Bara 311

247
jflif{s k|ltj]
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

87 Krishna Daily Daily 2 Saptari 316
88 Kumakh Daily Daily 6 Salyan 306
89 Lamjung Darpan Daily Daily 4 Lamjung 336
90 Lokmanch Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 330
91 Lokpriya Samachar Dainik Daily 3 Sindhupalchok 311
92 Lokpriya Sandesh Daily Daily 5 Banke 313
93 Loktantra Sandesh Daily 3 Chitwan 302
94 Madeshdristi Daily 2 Parsa 342
95 Madhesh Bhumi Daily 2 Rautahat 326
96 Madhesh News Daily Daily 2 Saptari 302
97 Madhesh Teshro Aankha Daily 2 Parsa 309
98 Madhyanha Daily Daily 3 Kathmandu 352
99 Madiseti Prawaha Daily Daily 4 Tanahun 304
100 Mahakali Today Daily Daily 7 Kanchanpur 320
101 Mahottari Sanchar Daily Daily 2 Mahottari 304
102 Majdoor Daily Daily 3 Bhaktapur 365
103 Malawara Daily Daily 7 Kailali 317
104 Mansarowar Daily Daily 7 Darchula 342
105 Marganugami Daily Daily 2 Siraha 316
106 Mechikali Sandesh Daily 5 Rupandehi 350
107 Mission Today Daily 5 Banke 347
108 Muktikshetra Daily Daily 4 Baglung 302
109 Nagarik Daily Daily 3 Kathmandu 352
110 Narayani Today Daily 2 Parsa 339
111 Natkhat Daily Daily 2 Saptari 303
112 Nawa Janachetana National Daily Daily 5 Palpa 346
113 Nawa Sangram Daily Daily 2 Siraha 300
114 Nawa Tilottama Dainik Daily 5 Rupandehi 354
115 Naya Jankranti Dainik Daily 7 Kanchanpur 320
116 Naya Patrika Daily 3 Kathmandu 354
117 Naya Yougbodh National Daily Daily 5 Dang 345
118 Nepal Post Daily Daily 2 Bara 323
119 Nepal Samacharpatra Daily 3 Lalitpur 303
120 Nepalbhasa Times Daily 3 Kathmandu 303
121 New Sandesh Daily Daily 2 Parsa 304
122 New Sristi Dainik Daily 1 Morang 304
123 News Today Daily 2 Saptari 310
124 Pahura Daily Daily 7 Kailali 344
125 Pardafas Dainik Daily 2 Parsa 325
126 Parsa Today Daily Daily 2 Parsa 332
127 Pokhara Hotline National Daily Daily 4 Kaski 315
128 Pokharapatra Daily Daily 4 Kaski 350
129 Poorva Prabhat Dainik Daily 2 Saptari 300
130 Prabhab Daily Daily 3 Kathmandu 352
131 Prabhat Ghoshna National Daily Daily 5 Banke 308
132 Prabhat Sandesh Dainik Daily 2 Mahottari 320
133 Pradesh Daily Daily 3 Makawanpur 333

248
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

134 Pradeshik Khabar Daily 4 Tanahun 310
135 Prajolit Daily Daily 2 Parsa 315
136 Prakshepan daily Daily 3 Bhaktapur 357
137 Prateek Dainik Daily 2 Parsa 341
138 Pratidin Daily Daily 1 Jhapa 330
139 Pratyush Dainik Daily 3 Dhading 338
140 Pravatsamachar Daily Daily 3 Sindhuli 348
141 Public Pres Daily 2 Saptari 305
142 Purbasandesh Daily Daily 1 Jhapa 306
143 Purbi Hotline Daily 1 Sunsari 313
144 Purwanchal Daily Daily 1 Jhapa 339
145 Rajbiraj Daily Daily 2 Saptari 306
146 Rajbiraj Today Daily 2 Saptari 304
147 Rajdhani National Daily Newspaper Daily 3 Kathmandu 347
148 Ramaroshan National Daily Daily 7 Achham 303
149 Rapti Post Daily 5 Dang 321
150 Rastriya sahara daily Daily 2 Parsa 330
151 Rautamai Daily Daily 1 Udayapur 306
152 Rikhar Rastriya Dainik Daily 4 Myagdi 305
153 Rupani Rastriya Dainik Daily 2 Saptari 302
154 Rupse Dainik Daily 4 Myagdi 318
155 Saanjhako City Times sandhykalin Daily 3 Kathmandu 311
156 Sajha Bisaunee Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 350
157 Sajhakura Daily Daily 3 Makawanpur 348
158 Sajhedari National Daily Daily 2 Bara 341
159 Samachar Dainik Janakpur Daily 2 Dhanusa 321
160 Samadhan News Daily Daily 7 Kailali 337
161 Samadhan Rastriya Dainik Daily 4 Kaski 352
162 Sambridha Samaj Daily Daily 3 Makawanpur 339
163 Sandhyakalin Daily 3 Bhaktapur 365
164 Sanskar Khabar National Daily Daily 2 Bara 342
165 Sarbapaksha Daily Daily 3 Sindhupalchok 305
166 Sarwarastriya dainik Daily 2 Parsa 325
167 Seema Sandesh Daily 2 Siraha 306
168 Setimadi Daily Daily 4 Tanahun 308
169 Shingh Dainik Daily 2 Parsa 315
170 Shree Rashtriya Loktantra Daily Daily 2 Sarlahi 323
171 Shreejan AakroshDaily Daily 2 Saptari 300
172 Shuklaphanta Daily Daily 7 Kanchanpur 311
173 Siddhadarshan Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 326
174 Sindhulisaugat National Daily Newspaper Daily 3 Sindhuli 318
175 Sky News Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 351
176 Sourya Nationla Daily Daily 3 Kathmandu 353
177 Sudoor sandesh national daily Daily 7 Kailali 353
178 Sudur Darpan Dainik Daily 7 Kanchanpur 325
179 Sundaranchal Daily Daily 7 Kailali 322
180 Surkhetpatra Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 318
181 Surksha Khabar rastriya dainik Daily 2 Siraha 327
182 Taja Samachar Dainik Daily 2 Saptari 300

249
jflif{s k|ltj]
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

183 Tarai Times Daily 2 Dhanusa 322
184 Terai Express Daily Daily 2 Rautahat 307
185 Thaha Sandesh Daily Daily 3 Makawanpur 339
186 The Kathmandu Post Daily 3 Kathmandu 357
187 The Public Today Daily 2 Mahottari 329
188 The Rising Nepal Daily 3 Kathmandu 354
189 Tikapur Daily Daily 7 Kailali 317
190 Triyuga Express daily Daily 1 Udayapur 339
191 Udghosh Daily Daily 1 Morang 305
192 Ujyalo Post Daily Daily 1 Taplejung 302
193 Yugaawhan National Daily Daily 6 Surkhet 350
194 Yugastra Daily Daily 7 Kailali 345
195 Hamro Bhawana Daily Daily 5 Bardiya 308
Half-Weekly
1 Janamat BiWeekly Half-Weekly 5 Banke 81
2 Karuwa Ardhasaptahik Half-Weekly 5 Palpa 82
3 Lumbini Khabar Half Weekly Half-Weekly 5 Rupandehi 85
Weekly
1 Aadharpatra Weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 48
2 Aaha Sanchar Weekly Weekly 6 Rukum Paschim 45
3 Aajako Samana Weekly Weekly 5 Banke 53
4 Aarsee Times Weekly Weekly 4 Kaski 40
5 Aashakti Weekly 2 Parsa 48
6 Abhibhara Weekly Weekly 6 Kalikot 44
7 Abhiyan weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
8 Abhiyantimes National Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
9 Abichal Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 44
10 Agni Parikshya Weekly 5 Rupandehi 40
11 Agni Saptahik Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
12 Agradip Weekly Weekly 1 Dhankuta 44
13 Agrasar Weekly Weekly 4 Baglung 48
14 Agrata Weekly 3 Chitwan 46
15 Agrim Weekly Weekly 6 Rukum Paschim 43
16 Agulto Weekly 1 Okhaldhunga 40
17 Aguwa Sandesh Weekly 7 Kailali 52
18 Alert Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
19 Amritbazar Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
20 Ankhwari Saptahik Patrika Weekly 7 Kailali 40
21 Anmolmani Saptahik Weekly 1 Morang 44
22 Antaranga Weekly 4 Lamjung 42
23 Apanatwa Saptahik Weekly 2 Siraha 41
24 Apsara Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
25 Arko Aakha Weekly 3 Kathmandu 40
26 Arpan Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
27 Artha Bit Weekly Weekly 4 Parbat 44
28 Artha Sawal Weekly 3 Kathmandu 50
29 Asal Shasan Aawaj Weekly 1 Sankhuwasava 49
30 Awadharana weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
31 Babai Saptahik Weekly 5 Bardiya 47
32 Baghbakari Weekly 2 Dhanusa 45

250
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

33 Bahubichar Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
34 Bajra Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
35 BalahaSaptahik Weekly 1 Sunsari 45
36 Bara Darpan Weekly Weekly 2 Bara 50
37 Baraha Saptahik Weekly 1 Sunsari 45
38 Bargadristi Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
39 Barun Weekly 1 Jhapa 47
40 Batchit Saptahik Weekly 2 Siraha 48
41 Bayan Saptahik Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 48
42 Beni Weekly Weekly 4 Myagdi 53
43 Bethanchok Saptahik Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 45
44 Bhel Saptahik Weekly 2 Parsa 44
45 Bhukamp Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 49
46 Bhumika Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
47 Bideha Weekly 2 Dhanusa 40
48 Bihani Sandesh Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 44
49 Bihaniko Tara Saptahik Weekly 6 Jumla 47
50 Bikas Khabarpatrika Weekly Weekly 3 Makawanpur 53
51 Bilochan Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
52 Bimba Weekly Weekly 7 Doti 47
53 Bindukeshara Sapatahik Weekly 3 Dhading 52
54 Biratnagar Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 42
55 Birgunj Collection Weekly 2 Parsa 49
56 Birtajyoti weekly Weekly 1 Jhapa 52
57 Biruwa Weekly 2 Saptari 47
58 Bishesh Khabar Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
59 Bishwo Awaj Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
60 Break Through Weekly Weekly 4 Tanahun 45
61 Buddha Aawaj Weekly Weekly 5 Kapilbastu 49
62 Chandrakanta Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 47
63 Charcha weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
64 Chaudandigadhi Weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 45
65 Cheshta Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 50
66 Chhahara Weekly Newspaper Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
67 Chhapamar Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
68 Chhinnamasta Weekly 2 Saptari 48
69 Chintanshil Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 47
70 Chitran Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
71 Chitrawan Sandesh Weekly 3 Chitwan 45
72 Chitwan Jyoti Weekly 3 Chitwan 45
73 Chure Sandesh Weekly Weekly 3 Chitwan 48
74 Churekunja Saptahik Weekly 5 Bardiya 42
75 Crazy Dotcom Saptahik Weekly 1 Jhapa 45
76 Crime Check Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 44
77 Crimeoperation Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 46
78 Current Post Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
79 Dabab Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
80 Dainik Birgunj Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 43
81 Dainik Jagran Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 45
82 Daman Post Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
83 Darpan Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 49

251
jflif{s k|ltj]
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

84 Democracy Khabar Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
85 Desh Darpan Saptahik Weekly 3 Kathmandu 41
86 DeshDarshan Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 47
87 Deshantar Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 47
88 Deshbikash Weekly 3 Kathmandu 47
89 Deshprem Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhuli 48
90 Deshrakshya Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
91 Devdaha Weekly Weekly 5 Rupandehi 52
92 Devghat sandesh Weekly 4 Tanahun 42
93 Dhankuta Saptahik Weekly 1 Dhankuta 44
94 Dhanusha Saptahik Weekly 2 Dhanusa 42
95 Dharahara Times Weekly Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 45
96 Dharan Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 47
97 Dhaulagiri Sanchar Weekly Weekly 4 Parbat 44
98 Dhaulagiri Star National Weekly Weekly 4 Baglung 50
99 Diary Express Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
100 Dibya Chakshu Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
101 Dibya Darshan Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 42
102 Dishanirdesh Kanchan weekly Weekly 7 Kanchanpur 54
103 Divya Roshani Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 49
104 Doodhmati Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
105 Drishti weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 50
106 Dristanta Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 48
107 Dristycharcha Weekly 2 Parsa 48
108 Dudhauli Saptahik Weekly 3 Sindhuli 41
109 Duhabi Times Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 48
110 Duniyako khabar weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 47
111 Durgam Express Weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 45
112 Fasttrack Weekly Weekly 2 Bara 50
113 Fewa Post Weekly 4 Kaski 47
114 Fewa Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 47
115 Galkotpatra Weekly Weekly 4 Baglung 51
116 Galyang Post Weekly Weekly 4 Syangja 47
117 Gaunledeurali Weekly Weekly 5 Palpa 48
118 Golmech Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
119 Goodnews National Weekly Weekly 5 Banke 47
120 Goreto Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 46
121 Gorkha Express Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
122 Hamro Indrawati Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 45
123 Hamro Koshi Awaz Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 46
124 Hamro Naya Nepal Bichar Weekly Weekly 1 Dhankuta 46
125 Hamro Samaj Weekly Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 44
126 Hamro Seti Weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 48
127 Hamro Yug Darpan Weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 47
128 Hamro belaka weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 40
129 Hank Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
130 Harshit Nepal Weekly 2 Siraha 49
131 Hetauda Khabarpatra Weekly 3 Makawanpur 45
132 Himali Aawaj Weekly Weekly 4 Kaski 40
133 Himali Suskera Weekly 6 Dolpa 50

252
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

134 Himalpariko Aawaj Weekly 4 Mustang 48
135 Himjyoti Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
136 Hunkar Weekly 2 Saptari 47
137 Ilam Aawaj Weekly Weekly 1 Ilam 46
138 Image Weekly Weekly 3 Nuwakot 46
139 Inaruwa Times Weekly 1 Sunsari 41
140 Itishree Saptahik Weekly 3 Sindhuli 44
141 Jaleshwor Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
142 Jamarko Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 44
143 Jan Uddhar Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
144 Jan Vishwas Express Weekly 2 Parsa 44
145 Jana Aakash Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 41
146 Jana Aastha Weekly Weekly 3 Lalitpur 49
147 Jana Ahwan National Weekly Weekly 3 Lalitpur 45
148 Jana Andolan Saptahik Weekly 1 Jhapa 45
149 Jana Arpan Weekly Weekly 4 Nawalpur 47
150 Jana Bhawana Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
151 Jana Pradarshak Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
152 Jana Samiksha Saptahik Weekly 2 Parsa 45
153 Jana Saugat Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 47
154 Janaakanksha Weekly Weekly 5 Rolpa 44
155 Janabhet Weekly 3 Kathmandu 48
156 Janadharana Saptahik Weekly 3 Kathmandu 49
157 Janajati Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
158 Janajibro Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
159 Janakpur Sambad Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
160 Jananigrani Weekly Weekly 4 Baglung 52
161 Janaprabhaw Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
162 Janapratirodh Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 46
163 Janaprawaha Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
164 Janasangharsha Weekly Weekly 5 Rupandehi 45
165 Janasanjal Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
166 Janata Times Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 42
167 Janatapatra Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhupalchok 48
168 Janawadi Aawaj Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 46
169 Janhit Express Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
170 Jankari Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
171 Janprabhab Saptahik Weekly 2 Siraha 50
172 JantaKhabar Weekly 2 Rautahat 52
173 Jaya Loktantra Weekly Weekly 1 Jhapa 44
174 Jhuleni Post Weekly 5 Pyuthan 45
175 Josh Rastriya Saptahik Patrika Weekly 3 Chitwan 45
176 Joshipur Weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 48
177 Junkiri Sanchar Saptahik Weekly 5 Rolpa 50
178 Jwala Sandesh Weekly Weekly 6 Dailekh 52
179 Jyoti Express Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 48
180 Kalaiya Today Weekly 2 Bara 50
181 Kalapani Post Weekly Weekly 7 Darchula 49
182 Kalika Weekly Weekly 4 Baglung 48
183 Kalinchowk Sandesh Weekly Weekly 3 Dolakha 48

253
jflif{s k|ltj]
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

184 Kamalamai Express Weekly 3 Sindhuli 47
185 Kamanakhabar Weekly 2 Bara 47
186 Kanakai Khabar Weekly 1 Jhapa 46
187 Kanakai Weekly Weekly 1 Jhapa 42
188 Kanchanroop Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 50
189 Kantipath Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 47
190 Kapan Baneshwor Rastriya Sahitiyek Saptahik Weekly 3 Kathmandu 47
191 Kapilvastu Darpan Weekly 5 Kapilbastu 40
192 Karnaliko Sandesh Weekly 6 Jumla 48
193 Kasar Weekly 1 Jhapa 44
194 Kavre Prawaha Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 48
195 Kavre Sandesh Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 44
196 Kavre Times Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 50
197 Kavrepost Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 45
198 Kavya weekly Weekly 2 Bara 51
199 Khabarbatika Weekly Weekly 4 Tanahun 44
200 Khabarmanch Saptahik Weekly 1 Jhapa 45
201 Khaskhabar Weekly Weekly 1 Okhaldhunga 40
202 Khasyauli Weekly Weekly 5 Rupandehi 45
203 Khojbin Saptahik Weekly 2 Dhanusa 45
204 Khotang Khabar Weekly 1 Khotang 45
205 Kirtipur Darpan Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
206 Kothiyaghat Weekly 5 Bardiya 47
207 Krishi Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 40
208 Kshepyastra Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
209 Kshitijpari Weekly 2 Parsa 51
210 Kyasmiri Weekly Weekly 4 Tanahun 45
211 Lahana weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
212 Laliguras Weekly 1 Sankhuwasava 50
213 Lamjung Aawaj Weekly Weekly 4 Lamjung 47
214 Lauwa Agrasan Weekly Weekly 5 Dang 44
215 Limpiyadhura National Weekly Weekly 7 Darchula 52
216 Lok Samiksha Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 48
217 Lok Vision weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 51
218 Lokmat Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
219 Lokpukar Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
220 Lumbini Darpan Weekly 5 Kapilbastu 41
221 Madhesh Khabar Weekly 2 Saptari 46
222 Madhesh Samachar Weekly 2 Saptari 48
223 Madhesh Special Weekly 2 Siraha 46
224 Madhesh kranti Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 48
225 Madhesh times Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 46
226 Madhya Desh Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
227 Madhya Nepal Sandesh Weekly 2 Parsa 48
228 Madhyamarga Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 46
229 Madhyasthata Saptahik Weekly 3 Makawanpur 46
230 Mahapratibad Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 48
231 Mahila Sanchar Weekly Weekly 5 Banke 48
232 Maithilsandesh weekly Weekly 2 Mahottari 46
233 Malashree Weekly Weekly 3 Ramechhap 47

254
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

234 Mandavi Weekly 5 Pyuthan 43
235 Matrivani Weekly Weekly 2 Siraha 48
236 Mechi Aawaj Saptahik Weekly 1 Jhapa 45
237 Mechi Khabar Weekly Weekly 1 Jhapa 44
238 Mero Saptahik Weekly 3 Kathmandu 48
239 Metro Today Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
240 Miklajung Aawaj Weekly Weekly 1 Panchthar 41
241 Miracle Weekly Weekly 7 Achham 43
242 Mission Madhesh Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
243 Mission News Weekly Weekly 6 Kalikot 45
244 Mithila Jagaran Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
245 Mithila Post Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 42
246 Mithilanchal Express Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
247 Modikali Weekly Weekly 4 Parbat 44
248 Morcha Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 44
249 Nab Janapriya Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
250 Naba Janata Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
251 Nabashakti Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
252 Nagarik Aahwan Weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 49
253 Namaskar Weekly Weekly 3 Makawanpur 46
254 Namaste Bihani Weekly 3 Chitwan 46
255 Nami Weekly 3 Lalitpur 47
256 Nampa saptahik Weekly 7 Kanchanpur 47
257 Namuna Sandesh Weekly 4 Nawalpur 44
258 Naulo Aawaz Weekly 1 Jhapa 47
259 Naulo Janaubhar Weekly Weekly 5 Dang 41
260 Nav Jankranti Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
261 Nava Bichar Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
262 Navanmol Times Weekly 2 Parsa 40
263 Navataranga Weekly Weekly 3 Dolakha 44
264 Navin Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 47
265 Nawa Janaprahar Weekly 3 Kathmandu 48
266 Nawa Path Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
267 Nawa kshitiz Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 46
268 Nawabikalpa saptahik Weekly 4 Myagdi 46
269 Nawakosheli Manthali Weekly 3 Ramechhap 42
270 Nawasambad Saptahik Weekly 5 Palpa 44
271 Naya Bishfot Sapathik Weekly 2 Saptari 46
272 Naya KhabarKagaj Weekly 1 Sankhuwasava 44
273 Naya Pailo Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
274 Naya Purwakshitij Weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 44
275 Naya Sanchar Darsan Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 44
276 Naya Sandarbha Weekly 1 Jhapa 47
277 Naya bikalpa weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 50
278 Nayabidroha Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
279 Nepal Mail Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
280 Nepal Tiger Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
281 Nepal Top Times Weekly 2 Parsa 46
282 Nepalipan Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
283 Nepalipatra weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46

255
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

284 Nepalnews weekly Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 47
285 New Highway Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 52
286 New Pathibhara Saptahik Weekly 1 Morang 46
287 New Prakash Weekly Weekly 2 Rautahat 45
288 New Sawarnim Sandhaya Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 50
289 New Season Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 51
290 News Off Weekly Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 45
291 News Yatharth Weekly Weekly 5 Banke 52
292 Newsprabah Weekly Weekly 3 Chitwan 44
293 Nijgadhsamachar Weekly Weekly 2 Bara 46
294 Nirman Lahar Weekly 1 Jhapa 46
295 Nuwakot Pukar Weekly 3 Nuwakot 47
296 Nuwakot Sandesh Weekly Weekly 3 Nuwakot 46
297 Okhareni Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhupalchok 44
298 Paigam Saptahik Weekly 2 Siraha 48
299 Pakhribas Saptahik Weekly 1 Sankhuwasava 47
300 Palanchok Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 45
301 Palika Aawaj Weekly 3 Ramechhap 46
302 Palikasandesh Weekly 1 Jhapa 42
303 Palpa Samacharpatra Saptahik Weekly 5 Palpa 46
304 Panchadhura Saptahik Weekly 2 Mahottari 46
305 Panchakoshi Times Weekly 1 Sunsari 48
306 Parasi Patra Weekly Weekly 5 Parasi 41
307 Parbat Khabar Weekly Weekly 4 Parbat 44
308 Parighatana Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 46
309 Parisuchan Weekly Weekly 4 Baglung 47
310 Pariwartanasheel Aawaj Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 46
311 Paschim Post Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
312 Patanjali Yog Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
313 Path Pradarshak Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
314 Peoples Review Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 50
315 Peoples Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 43
316 Phalewas Weekly Weekly 4 Parbat 40
317 Poorvadhar Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
318 Popularnews Weekly 1 Sunsari 50
319 Prabardhan Saptahik Weekly 3 Kathmandu 47
320 Prabhatpheri Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 47
321 Pradesh Aawaj Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
322 Pradesh Dristi Weekly Newspaper Weekly 2 Saptari 48
323 Pradesh Raibar Weekly 6 Surkhet 50
324 Prahar Khabar Weekly Weekly 3 Ramechhap 46
325 Pratipatra weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
326 Pratiraksha Weekly Weekly 2 Rautahat 44
327 Pratispardha Weekly 3 Kathmandu 41
328 Press Sanchar Weekly 2 Saptari 43
329 Public Awaj Weekly 4 Syangja 46
330 Public Times Weekly 1 Panchthar 44
331 Punarprayas Weekly 3 Lalitpur 48
332 Purnapusti Weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 45
333 Purwa Tara Udayapur Weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 45

256
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

334 Purwajyoti Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 47
335 Pushpabrishti weekly Weekly 3 Ramechhap 46
336 Rahashya Weekly Weekly 1 Solukhumbhu 44
337 Rajbiraj Sandesh Weekly 2 Saptari 48
338 Rajtilak National Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 47
339 Ramechhap Khabar Weekly 3 Ramechhap 44
340 Ramechhap Post Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
341 Rangun Darpan Weekly 7 Dadeldhura 52
342 Rastra Sanrakshan Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
343 Rastramarga Weekly Weekly 2 Bara 45
344 Rastriya Janahit Weekly 1 Morang 47
345 Rautahat Dristy Weekly Weekly 2 Rautahat 43
346 Rautahat voice weekly Weekly 2 Rautahat 44
347 Rekhadekh Saptahik Weekly 6 Rukum Paschim 44
348 Reporters Aawaj Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
349 Resunga Today Weekly 3 Kathmandu 42
350 Rolpa Samachar Weekly 5 Rolpa 51
351 Roshi Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 44
352 Roshi khabar Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 48
353 Rupakot Weekly 1 Khotang 44
354 Sadaye Aam Weekly 2 Dhanusa 46
355 Sagarmatha Awaj Weekly 2 Saptari 46
356 Sagarmatha Khabar Weekly 1 Udayapur 44
357 Saheekhabar Weekly Weekly 3 Makawanpur 45
358 Sahid Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 51
359 Sajha News Weekly 5 Kapilbastu 44
360 Sajha nepal Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhuli 46
361 Sakshi Khabar Patrika Weekly 5 Dang 45
362 Samaj Jagaran Weekly Weekly 5 Banke 51
363 Samarpan Saptahik Weekly 4 Myagdi 42
364 Samarthya Weekly Weekly 4 Nawalpur 44
365 Samaya Drishti Weekly 3 Kathmandu 41
366 Samaya Samaj Weekly Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 46
367 Samayabaddha Weekly 3 Kathmandu 49
368 Samayojan Weekly Weekly 7 Kanchanpur 49
369 Sampada Aaachal Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 48
370 Samriddha Saptahik Khabar Patrika Weekly 4 Myagdi 45
371 Sanchardristi Weekly 2 Saptari 48
372 Sandesh Janapriya Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhuli 46
373 Sanghu Saptahik Weekly 3 Kathmandu 47
374 Sanjiwanipatra Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 46
375 Sankhuwasabha Express Weekly 1 Sankhuwasava 45
376 Sansani Khabar Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 48
377 Saptahik Chitawan Weekly 3 Chitwan 49
378 Saptahik Jan Adalat Weekly 2 Bara 49
379 Saptahik SAMACHAR Weekly 1 Jhapa 45
380 Saptari Jagran Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 46
381 Saptari News Weekly 2 Saptari 48
382 Saptari Post Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
383 Saptari Sandesh Saptahik Weekly 2 Saptari 47

257
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

384 Saptari Serofero National Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 47
385 Saptari Times Weekly 2 Saptari 49
386 Sarangkot Weekly Weekly 4 Kaski 46
387 Sarlahi Awaj Weekly Weekly 2 Sarlahi 45
388 Sarlahi Post Weekly Weekly 2 Sarlahi 46
389 Sarokar Khabar Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhuli 46
390 Satashi Saptahik Weekly 1 Jhapa 45
391 Satti Karnali Weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 48
392 Satya Samacharpatra Weekly 2 Parsa 49
393 Satya Sansar Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 48
394 Satya Sanyantra Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
395 Satyagraha Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 43
396 Satyapan Weekly 2 Saptari 49
397 Shanti Nepal Weekly Weekly 1 Morang 47
398 Shasakiya Sudhar Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
399 Shirish Weekly Newspaper Weekly 2 Dhanusa 49
400 Shramik Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 52
401 Shree Akhabar Weekly Weekly 3 Makawanpur 41
402 Shree Janamat Weekly Weekly 1 Sunsari 51
403 Shree Sharthak Weekly Weekly 7 Kanchanpur 51
404 Shuva sandesh weekly Weekly 4 Parbat 44
405 Sindhu Sandesh Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhupalchok 47
406 Sindhubulanda Weekly 3 Sindhupalchok 44
407 Sindhujagaran Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhupalchok 46
408 Sindhujwala Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhupalchok 48
409 Sindhuli Update Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhuli 44
410 Sindhupost Weekly Weekly 3 Sindhupalchok 44
411 Smarika Khabar Weekly 3 Ramechhap 44
412 Sri Satyapan Weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
413 Srot Weekly Weekly 2 Sarlahi 46
414 Subhechha Sandesh Weekly 3 Chitwan 44
415 Suchana Weekly 2 Saptari 53
416 Suchana Digdarsan weekly Weekly 2 Saptari 48
417 Suchana Patra Sapthik Weekly 5 Dang 46
418 Sudama Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
419 Sudoor Sandarbha Weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 44
420 Sudoorpaschim Post National Weekly Weekly 7 Kanchanpur 51
421 Sudoorpashimko PRAYAS WEEKLY Weekly 7 Kailali 47
422 Sukhani Sanesh Weekly 1 Jhapa 40
423 Sukrabarya Tansapau Weekly 3 Kathmandu 50
424 Sukshamadristi Weekly Weekly 6 Dailekh 45
425 Sumnima Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
426 Sunaulo Khabar Weekly 4 Gorkha 48
427 Sunchhahari Weekly Weekly 5 Rolpa 40
428 Sunsari Times Weekly Newspapers Weekly 1 Sunsari 47
429 Sunstar Weekly Weekly 5 Rolpa 45
430 Supurba Malika Weekly Weekly 1 Jhapa 46
431 Suryaramva Weekly Weekly 7 Kailali 46
432 Susandesh Weekly Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 42
433 Swabalambi Weekly Weekly 2 Bara 45

258
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

434 Swadhin Sambad Weekly 1 Jhapa 50
435 Swatantra Birat Weekly 1 Morang 40
436 Swatantra Shakti Saptahik Weekly 4 Lamjung 45
437 Syangja Sandesh Weekly Weekly 4 Syangja 44
438 Tajakhabar Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
439 Tamakoshi Sandesh Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 50
440 Tanahun Aawaj Weekly Weekly 4 Tanahun 51
441 Tapai Hamro Weekly 3 Kavrepalanchok 43
442 Tarai Abhiyan Weekly Weekly 2 Siraha 48
443 Tathay Weekly Weekly 2 Mahottari 41
444 Terai Jagran Weekly 2 Parsa 40
445 Thaha Darshan Weekly Weekly 3 Makawanpur 46
446 The Public Memo Weekly 2 Saptari 46
447 The Universal Times Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
448 Thimi Times Weekly 3 Bhaktapur 42
449 Thokshila Darpan Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
450 Treenetra Post Weekly Weekly 2 Parsa 47
451 Triyuga Times Weekly Weekly 1 Udayapur 45
452 Tuwachung Weekly 1 Khotang 46
453 Ujyalo Express Weekly 3 Chitwan 44
454 United post Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
455 Up to Date Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 41
456 Urdu Times Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
457 Vijaya Khabar Weekly 4 Nawalpur 49
458 Vimarsh Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 50
459 Vision Nepal okhaldhunga Weekly 1 Okhaldhunga 46
460 Vyasshree Weekly Newspaper Weekly 4 Tanahun 44
461 Yalambar Times Weekly 1 Jhapa 46
462 Yuba Janpriya Weekly Weekly 2 Dhanusa 44
463 Yug pukar saptahik Weekly 2 Mahottari 46
464 Yugasambad Weekly 3 Kathmandu 45
465 Yugbyatha Weekly 3 Kathmandu 46
466 Yugdarshan Weekly Weekly 3 Kathmandu 44
467 Yugsarokar Weekly 7 Kailali 52
468 hulaki times saptahik Weekly 2 Dhanusa 41
469 Madhes Prabaha Weekly 2 Bara 48

Fortnightly
1 Arthakary Fortnightly 2 Bara 28
2 Bani Fortnightly 3 Kavrepalanchok 23
3 Janaprashasan Pachik Fortnightly 3 Kathmandu 21
4 Kadar Pachhik Fortnightly 3 Kathmandu 24
5 Krishi Vatavaran Aawaj Fortnightly 5 Bardiya 24
6 Layakoo Fortnightly Fortnightly 3 Kathmandu 24
7 Missile Fortnightly Fortnightly 3 Makawanpur 21
8 Narisansar Fortnightly 3 Kathmandu 24
9 New Spotlight Fortnightly 3 Kathmandu 22
10 Page3 fortnightly Fortnightly 3 Kathmandu 24
11 Parewa Fortnightly Fortnightly 5 Palpa 22
12 Samaya Sandarbha Pakshik Fortnightly 3 Kathmandu 21

259
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S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

Monthly
1 Aalekh Sahityik Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
2 Aarthikbazar Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
3 Adhyatamjagaran masik Monthly 2 Dhanusa 12
4 Agnichakra National Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
5 Apanga Awaz Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
6 Artha ra Rojgar Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
7 Atut Monthly Paper Monthly 5 Dang 12
8 Awaj Sampreshan Monthly 5 Palpa 10
9 Balsirjana Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
10 Bungwakha Monthly 3 Lalitpur 12
11 Champak Monthly Magazine Monthly 3 Lalitpur 11
12 Chhyorten Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
13 Crosscheck Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
14 Eaikyabaddata Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
15 Elohan Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
16 Financial Literacy (ljQLo ;fIf/tf) Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
17 Gauri Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
18 Golsimal Monthly Monthly 2 Sarlahi 12
19 Gorakshya Nikhil Vani Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 13
20 Greatway Monthly Monthly 3 Lalitpur 12
21 Himal Dristi Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
22 Himalini Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
23 Hipat Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
24 Jana Aarthik Sansar Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
25 Janamat Monthly Monthly 3 Kavrepalanchok 12
26 Kageshwori Today Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
27 Kalash Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
28 Kamana Monthly 3 Lalitpur 12
29 Krishi Journal Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
30 Kummayak Times Monthly Monthly 1 Panchthar 10
31 Lalyug Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
32 Lipi Lay Pau Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
33 Lokalay Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
34 Lun Aakha Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
35 Madhupark Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
36 Madhyapur Post Monthly Monthly 3 Bhaktapur 12
37 Manabadhikar Sandesh Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
38 Mangsebung Monthly 1 Ilam 12
39 Milap Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
40 Mujura Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
41 Muna Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
42 Mundhum Monthly Monthly 1 Udayapur 12
43 Naali monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
44 Nai Ummid Monthly 2 Saptari 12
45 Narayani Today Monthly Monthly 3 Chitwan 12
46 National Mirror Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
47 Nava Nepal Times Monthly 2 Dhanusa 12
48 Navin Sandesh Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12

260
 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

S.N. Newspaper Name Types Province District Total Published

49 Naya Satmarga Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
50 Netrajyoti Masik Monthly 3 Sindhupalchok 12
51 New Business Age Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
52 Newsmandu Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
53 Nhu prestige Nepa Monthly 3 Lalitpur 13
54 Nilo Aakash National Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
55 Pachal Jharana Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
56 Phopti Monthly 1 Khotang 12
57 Pokharaya Bhintuna Monthly 4 Kaski 10
58 Poorna Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
59 Prashasanik Sarokar Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
60 Prashasanik Sudhar Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
61 Pustakalaya Aawaj Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
62 Rastriya Aarthik Monthly 3 Dolakha 12
63 Sabdankur Monthly 3 Bhaktapur 12
64 Sahibato Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
65 Samaya Sandarbhik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
66 Samayabodh Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
67 Samsak Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
68 Samunnati Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
69 Sangam Abhiyan Monthly 1 Morang 12
70 Sankalpa Yatra Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
71 Sarathi bal patrika Monthly 3 Kathmandu 13
72 Sarbottam Nari Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
73 Shabda Samyojan Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
74 Sharada Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 11
75 Shubharambha Monthly 1 Morang 11
76 Sindhu Yatra Monthly Monthly 3 Sindhupalchok 11
77 Sitimi Magazine Monthly 1 Khotang 12
78 Sulekh Masik Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
79 Swadhin Monthly Monthly 5 Rupandehi 11
80 Taleju monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
81 Tamang Dajang Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
82 Tanchhoppa Monthly Monthly 3 Lalitpur 12
83 The Business Journal Monthly 1 Taplejung 12
84 The HRM Nepal Monthly 3 Lalitpur 12
85 The Newarland Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
86 Themmring Monthly Monthly 3 Bhaktapur 12
87 Unity Voice Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 10
88 Veda Dhwani Monthly Monthly 2 Saptari 12
89 Vimochan Monthly Monthly 3 Kathmandu 12
90 Yuba Manch Monthly 3 Kathmandu 13

261
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262
1 4062 sudamaa.com ;'bfdf ;fKtflxs uf]kfn cfrfo{ sf7df8f}+ (*$!&!$$%$ [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄01
2 4063 dainikjiban.com ;kmntf Ph]G;L k|f=ln= hLjg lai6 s}nfnL (*%*$*%$##, (*)!&)!^#$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄01
3 4064 sachetaknews.com cr{g ldl8of k|f=ln= clj;]s 9sfn dsjfgk'/ (&^%(%%^$(, (*%%)@**$( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄01
4 4065 dakshinkalikhabar.com lzv/fk'/ ldl8of P08 klAns];g k|f=ln= dGh' k'8f;}gL sf7df8f}+ (*$!#^(&(#, (*^#@$%)!^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄01
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5 4066 arthapress.com ldl8of j] k|f=ln= nIdL >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*$##!!!&#, (*%!!###&! [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄02
6 4067 nigaranipatra.com klZrd lgu/fgL b}lgs sdnf s'df/L j8 a}t8L (*^$#!!#%^, (*$**#^$(( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄03
7 4068 byawastha.com k|lta4tf ldl8of k|f=ln= g/]z e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!!#$!(#, (*%!!(^(*( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄03
8 4069 hernepati.com cfefgL ldl8of k|f=ln= l8NnL/fd s8/Lof gjnk'/ (*%&)$!($*, (*@%@!(^%& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄03
9 4070 publicpana.com cfs[lt ldl8of P08 P8e6f{Olhª k|f=ln= lbg]z kf08]o nlntk'/ (*%!!^&%#& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄03
10 4071 setikalinews.com ;]tLsfnL PS;k|]; g]6js{ k|f=ln= ch'{g axfb'/ l;+x s~rgk'/ (*%*&%)@&%, (*)^$$^@^* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄04
11 4072 sathsathainews.com ;fy ;fy} k|lhtf sfsL{ sf7df8f}+ (*%!@#@%)) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄05
12 4073 janakarnali.com af/]sf]6 cgnfOg ldl8of k|f=ln= uf]kfn g]kfnL hfh/sf]6 (*(*^^()@^%!, (*$*!^%)() [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄07
13 4074 yatrikhabar.com ofqL ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= Hof]tL sf/lGht sf7df8f}+ (*$!%#^#!%, (*$!@*$!() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄07
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14 4075 samajpress.com h];Lh ldl8of k|f=ln= gs'n cof{n sf7df8f}+ (*)!!^%()!, (*%!!^%()! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄07
15 4076 nepallivetoday.com g]kfn nfOe 6'8] klAns];g k|f=ln= gd{bf Gof}kfg] sf7df8f}+ (*$!!%@*&&, (*$!$#%#&$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄07
16 4077 merodeshmedia.com clkm; ˆofl;ln6];g k|f=ln= ;'/h /fpt nlntk'/ (*$*)&*@%%, (*$)%@*!$@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄08
17 4078 phoksundokhabar.com kmf]S;'08f] ldl8of P08 Do"lhs k|f=ln= n]v axfb'/ a'9f 8f]Nkf (*$*#^^*%) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄08
18 4079 kapurionline.com sk'/L ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= lbks v8\sf slknj:t' (*$&)^##%&, (*%&)%)(%@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄08
19 4080 seropheroonline.com lxdfn Ogskf]{/];g k|f=ln= dx]z/fh hf]zL sf7df8f}+ (*%!!@!!&!, (*%!!#!!&@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄08
20 4081 nepalbishesh.com l8nfO6 s[Pzg sDkgL k|f=ln= dgf]h Gof}kfg] sf7df8f}+ (*@@&(*@!& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄09
21 4082 vutnews.com leo'6L ldl8of k|f=ln= nId0f /fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*^!@@%!)(, (*)^))$^$! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄09
22 4083 malikakhabar.com dflnsf cgnfO{g ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'lzn axfb'/ s]=;L= nlntk'/ (&$!*#^$(*, (*^@&###&@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄09
23 4084 merokrisi.com cfw'lgs s[lif jg tyf hl8a'6L s]Gb| g]kfn k|f=ln= ;'lzn gfy of]uL sf7df8f}+ (*$!((^^@%, (*%!##$$*& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄10
24 4085 publickhabar24.com l5Ggd:tf ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= cho s'df/ d08n Saptari (*)&&$#)@!, (*!^*$^@^% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄11
25 4086 nepalimaantv.com sf]8 /]8 ldl8of k|f=ln= ;lGbk kl/of/ sf7df8f}+ (*$#!#^^)@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄11
26 4087 kairavnews.com /fi6«/fgL ldl8of k|f=ln= l;h{gf ld> sf7df8f}+ (*^###(@%^, (*%!)@)$^$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄12
27 4088 tapaikakura.com cfo'if/fh dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= df]tL/fh ad 7s'/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!!(*#!$, (*%!!()@)# [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄14
28 4089 crimenews.com.np s|fOd Go'h ;fKtflxs Uof;' ldof b]jfg k;f{ (*$%)$!$$* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄15
29 4090 naveensanchar.com gjLg ;~rf/ u[x dfwj clwsf/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!!)^$&!, (*$()#$)^) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄16
30 4091 ekanchanpurkhabar.com ?lj;f ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= /d]z k|;fb e§ s~rgk'/ (*$$#%!*@*, (*)%&^)!&! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄16
31 4092 pachaljharnakhabar.com krfnem/gf ldl8of k|f=ln= af:dlt s7fot sfnLsf]6 (*^%!#&$(!, (*$*!^(!$* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄16
32 4093 webkhabarnepal.com j]a va/ k|f=ln= dgf]h >]i7 eStk'/ (*$#(#$$$*, (*@##^&$@% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄16
33 4094 sajhamat.com ;'vb va/ k|f=ln= ?kfb]jL l3ld/] sf7df8f}+ (*$!#%))(% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄17
34 4095 helambumediagroup.com ;'gf}nf] x]nDa' ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'lgn tfdfª l;Gw'kfNrf]s (*^))!$((%, (*^#$@^#@! [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄17
35 4096 eaglekhabar.com Pr=cf/= ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= lgdf /fgf bfª (*$$(^^^&&, (*!)(!$#!* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄17
36 4097 nepcomedia.com g]Ksf] O{G6/6]Gd]G6 k|f=ln= lht axfb'/ /fjt sf7df8f}+ (*%!!^^%%(, (*$!&&%@@^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄18
37 4098 khabarkunjanews.com lqmPl6e ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= ldng zdf{ bgfO{ ndh'ª (*%^)@&!&&, (*%^)$^&^& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄19
38 4099 sangharshamedia.com ;+3;{ ldl8of k|f=ln= ljdn k|;fb kf]v|n Ko'7fg (*%&*#^*((, (*%&*##*(@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄19
39 4100 jalpakhabar.com hfnkf va/ cgnfOg ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'ldt e§/fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*^(*)@#@%, (*^(*)@#@% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄21
40 4101 newskunja.com cls{8 ldl8of k|f=ln= d]g'sf 9'+ufgf c5fd (*^*$#&#!) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄22
41 4102 hernepost.com ;L dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= ;+lutf clwsf/L sf7df8f}+ (*$##!#*#) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄22
42 4103 nidhopatra.com c5fd ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= vDd l;+x vqL c5fd (*$*$&@%)$, (*%*)%*^*! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄22
43 4104 namoonline.com gdf] ldl8of u|'k P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f=ln= a|xdb]j dxtf] ;'g;/L (*$()##%*%, (*@%#(!!)% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄24
44 4105 hamroheadline.com ;kf]6{ ldl8of k|f=ln= /fs]z k|hfktL sf7df8f}+ (*@^!&@$#*, (*$@%^^)!) [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄24
45 4106 nagarikchaso.com gful/s rf;f] dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= v]jfxfª /fO{ ;+v'jf;ef (*%@)$%!&&, (*%@)@#*&@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄24
46 4107 lokdarpantv.com dflnsfh'{g ;fd'bflos ;+:yf nf]s]Gb| k|;fb hf]zL bfr'{nf (*^*&@$#&@, (*^*&()@@* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄24
47 4108 shikharpress.com pkf;gf ldl8of k|f=ln= nf]s]Gb| k|;fb hf]zL bfr'{nf (*$**()$!&, (*^*&&$### [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄24
48 4109 samridinepal.com ;d[¢L dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= Ct'/fh lnDa' nlntk'/ (*$%#$(%&* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄24
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49 4110 healthcourtnews.com t]hsNk ldl8of k|f=ln= ladn Gof}kfg] sf7df8f}+ (*)!))$))%, (*%!))$))% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄24
50 4111 birtamodejhapa.com latf{df]8 emfkf ldl8of k|f=ln= l6sf /fd af:tf]nf emfkf (*!^)^(!!&, (*^#$$(^!$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄25
51 4112 tanahunbhandafor.com tgx'F e08fkmf]/ ldl8of k|f=ln= lji0f' k/fh'nL tgx'F (*$!^@&)^@, (*%^)!)^@@ [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄25
52 4113 ahutinews.com cfx'tL dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= kfj{tL k'g uxt/fh -piff_ afFs] (*%!!@*))), (*$*@%&)%! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄25
53 4114 press4k.com k|]; ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= cdn]z s'df/ zdf{ sf7df8f}+ (*!@!!)&#@, (*)*#*%!(# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄26
54 4115 rbnonlinekhabar.com cf/=la=Pg= cgnfOg ldl8of k|f=ln= /ljg yfkf eStk'/ (*^!()*&$#, (*)*$%*%&) [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄26
55 4116 yatharthapress.com s'O{sfn] ldl8of k|f=ln= dbg zfxL s}nfnL (*^@$*!^^$, (*$@*&^#&# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄28
56 4117 radiomanjushree.com lxdz]/f ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'o{ axfb'/ tfdfª ef]hk'/ (*$@)$#$$), (*$@!**%@^ [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄28
57 4118 pahadkhabar.com ;'b'/ kxf8 ldl8of g]kfn k|f=ln= nf]u /fh 9sfn c5fd (*^*%$%&@) [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄28
58 4119 kalokitab.com sfnf] lstfa k|f=ln= k'hg cfrfo{ sf7df8f}+ (*$#)^&)%#, (*^#^()#(& [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄28
59 4120 prithvipost.com k[YjL ldl8of k|f=ln= o'wLgf kf}8\ofn eStk'/ (*%!@)*$&$ [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄29
60 4121 loktantrakhabar.com /fli6«o nf]stGq b}lgs avltof/ cln ;nf{xL (*!%*)*&(* [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄29
61 4122 livegulmi.com ;';d ldl8of k|f=ln= ;Gtf]if dxtf/f u'NdL (*%&)&(()), (*%&)*@##! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄29
62 4123 abiralsanchar.com P=l8=s]= ldl8of k|f=ln= clagfz s]=;L= sf7df8f}+ (*^)%!*##) [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄30
63 4124 patrashira.com kfOn6 ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= lazfn kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*^!(@%!)%, (*$(#%#^!* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄30
64 4125 sundarkarnali.com ;'Gb/ s0ff{nL ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'/ axfb'/ a'9f ;'v]{t (*%*)$@%!!, (*)#)^)^@! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄30
65 4126 sajhedarikhabar.com cfo'iff klAns]zg k|f=ln= k]zn s'df/ vltj8f sf7df8f}+ (*%!!&(*(( [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄31
66 4127 budhiganganews.com dlgiff ldl8of k|f=ln= 808L /fh e§ c5fd (*$*%&@*^* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄31
67 4128 actioncutnepal.com lbnf;f ls|ozg k|f=ln= nf]sk|;fb ;'j]bL sf7df8f}+ (*)*&%&(#@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄31
68 4129 reviewkhabar.com /fdfo l8lh6n ls|P;g k|f=ln= l/t]z /fh kf]v/]n nlntk'/ (*$)##&&@*, (*!*($!&%! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄31
69 4130 sushasanabhiyan.com s0ff{nL ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ldl8of k|f=ln= xl/k|;fb clwsf/L ;'v]{t (*%*)%@@*^ [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄31
70 4131 nagarikpage.com k/km]S6 ldl8of k|f=ln= >L/fd ltjf/L sf7df8f}+ (*$!$@%$@) [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄31
71 4132 dudhkoshikhabar.com b'wsf]zL ;+rf/ k|f=ln= /fd axfb'/ ag ;f]n'v'Da' (*%!##@*$*, (*$@@*^(%$ [email protected] 2080⁄04⁄31
72 4133 glacierkhabar.com Uofn]l;o/ ldl8of k|f=ln= a|h lszf]/ k6]n /f}tx6 (*%%)$*#&$, (**^#$%!*() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄01
73 4134 news24our.com h:6 ldl8of Nof08 k|f=ln= gj/fh 9+'ufgf sf7df8f}+ (*%!)!%*(@, (*%!@$@)@& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄01
74 4135 pathshalanews.com kf7zfnf Go'h k|f=ln= lbk' s'df/ ld> /f}tx6 (*$%&@^***, (*$%!^(@%^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄04
75 4136 devshreenews.com b]j>L a'6jn ldl8of k|f=ln= nId0f s'df/ v8\sf ?kGb]xL (*%^))!^^), (*^(*$%!%^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄05
76 4137 sangamdainik.com ci6 gf/fo0f ldl8of k|f=ln= s]zj k|;fb ahufO{ sf7df8f}+ (*%!)##%@*, (*$(!#(^&^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄05
77 4138 sudursansar.com ;'b"/;+;f/ ldl8of k|f=ln s[i0f cf]nL afh'/f (*$*^%!@*) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄05
78 4139 suchanalaya.com Pd=l8= ls|ozg k|f=ln= d'gf kf]v|]n wdnf sf7df8f}+ (*%!#!^$#( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄06
79 4140 edupatee.com Ps]8]dL km/ Nofª\uUj]h Ph's]zg l/;r{ 6]«lgª\u g]kfn gf/fo0f
k|f=ln= k|;fb cfrfo{ sf7df8f}+ )!–$((!!($, (*%!)$%&!^ [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄06
80 4141 sajhadiary.com cuf{gLs ldl8of k|f=ln= kz'klt lul/ slknj:t' (*^@@&)@^#, (*^&!%(^)@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄07
81 4142 janaubhar.com gf}nf] hgpef/ ;fKtflxs u'?k|;fb l/hfn bfª (*$&())#(^ [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄08
82 4143 paropakarkhabar.com lk; lehg ldl8of k|f=ln= /ljGb| rf}nfufO{ sf7df8f}+ (*$(*&(*!$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄08
83 4144 yonepaltv.com b]a/fh ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= kbd s'df/ tfdfª pbok'/ (*$!$(!^)* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄10
84 4145 publicpostnepal.com Pg=lk= dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= ldgf cfrfo{ sf7df8f}+ (*$)%&(&$! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄10
85 4146 boudhasanchar.com af}4;~rf/ k|f=ln= slkn d'lg pk|]tL sf7df8f}+ (*%!))!&@^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄10
86 4147 anjulikhabar.com vf]h /ˆtf/ ldl8of k|f=ln= /]vf 3n] bfª (*^&@!$(*(, (*%&*%@#*! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄10
87 4148 bestsanchar.com a]i6 ;~rf/ ldl8of k|f=ln= b]j s'df/L sf]O/fnf ;'g;/L (*!()(*^$#, (*$@$^(@)& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄12
88 4149 nayadip.com dfof ldl8of xfp; e/t afa' l3ld/] ndh'ª (*$^&!&#@&, (*$^)(((*! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄12
89 4150 karmacharionline.com sd{rf/L cgnfO{g d'gf kGyL slknj:t' (*^#$^%^&^, (*^&@)(^^( [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄12
90 4151 palungtarnews.com Rofª\nL ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'/h ;fu/ s'dfn sf7df8f}+ (*!$!!(@%(, (*!&!@(@)( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄12
91 4152 karnaliawaj.com P]Zjo{ ldl8of k|f=ln= e/t s'df/ zdf{ hfh/sf]6 (*%*)&&%&& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄13
92 4153 minutekhabar.com P6nflG6s ldl8of k|f=ln= ef]nf v8\sf nlntk'/ (*%!#%)!(@, (*%!!$*!!( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄17
93 4154 khabarnepalgunj.com va/ g]kfnu+h k|f=ln= clgz zfO afFs] (*!#)!!@&!, (*^*)(^&*& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄19
94 4155 gaurishankarnews.com eLd]Zj/ ldl8of P08 l/;r{ k|f=ln= ch'{g tfdfª bf]nvf (*%!)^$!$^, (*$$)^!!%% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄19
95 4156 dobhanchaurkhabar.com vfF8fb]jL ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= ;fu/ af]x/f /fd]5fk (*%$)@$$#$, (*^!*^$#!# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄21
96 4157 palpalkokhabar.com lbkf:df ldl8of k|f=ln= bLks e§ /fd]5fk (*%$)$)%)), (*%!@$))%# [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄21

263
97 4158 madanibeat.com dbfgL la6 ldl8of k|f=ln= nId0f ltdlN;gf sfe|]knf~rf]s (*%!!#))#@, (*$!^(#@$! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄21
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
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98

264
4159 khullaawaj.com 5'knfo' ldl8of sDkgL k|f=ln= ljj]s /fO{ ef]hk'/ (*$@%)*)&(, (*^@)!)$#^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄22
99 4160 ujyalosandeshonline.com pHofnf] ;Gb]z ldl8of Ph]G;L k|f=ln= ljj]s s'df/ ljZjsdf{ ?kGb]xL (*%&)@))#%, (*%&)!@)*# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄24
100 4161 nepalindepth.com g]kfn Og 8]Ky k|f=ln= hLjg 9'+ufgf sf7df8f}+ (*^*@@@)%% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄24
101 4162 arthakagaj.com cy{ sfuh ldl8of k|f=ln= s]zj g]kfnL sf7df8f}+ (*%!#$&$&@, (*$!@*@!)) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄24
102 4163 nagarkotnetwork.com gu/sf]6 g]6js{ k|f=ln= k|lbk Gof}kfg] sfe|]knf~rf]s (*^!$^^^$@, (*%!#@%%&( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄25
103 4164 ly+sk|mL ldl8of k|f=ln= df]xDdb gf]dfg l;l2sL df]/ª (*^%%#*$^^, (*^!^$&$#* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄25
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nepexpress.com
104 4165 projectkhabar.com ljZj bz{g ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= b|f]0ffrfo{ k/fh'nL sf7df8f}+ (*$!)@(!%(, (*^^(%#(^$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄25
105 4166 nayalahar.com Plred]G6 ldl8of k|f=ln= cK;/f nfld5fg] -l;Ub]n_ sf7df8f}+ (*^))^&$^%, (*$!!@(%!@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄26
106 4167 khabarcircle.com g]kfn OGeli6u]zg hgf{lnhd P08 ldl8of ;]G6/ k|f=ln=
;fu/ b]jsf]6f dsjfgk'/ (*$#*!^!&), (*$#)%)!@! [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄26
107 4168 tatokura.com tftf] s'/f 86 sd lty{ axfb'/ a:g]t sf7df8f}+ (*%!@$^))!, (*$%$#!)$$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄26
108 4169 hamroparda.com cn g]kfn dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'o{ k|;fb e§/fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*^*!&^(*!, (*^!!@%*() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄26
109 4170 nuwakotpukar.com ;Da[4 ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= z'sb]j bfxfn sf7df8f}+ (*$!(^&#$*, (*$!(@*(^^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄26
110 4171 sajhedaridaily.com ;fem]bf/L /fli6«o b}lgs Zofdafa' k|;fb ofbj af/f )%#–%%!)$&, (*%%)$%)*) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄26
111 4172 gadhimaikhabar.com ;fem]bf/L ldl8of k|f=ln= Zofdafa' k|;fb ofbj af/f (*%%)$%)*), (*%%)!))!$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄26
112 4173 g]kfn o'lgs ldl8of k|f=ln= ;l/tf rf}nfufO{ sf7df8f}+ (*^!$*!)$#, (*^!$*!)^% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄29
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yuwadaily.com
113 4174 gyaanghar.com 1fgzfnf cg';Gwfg s]Gb| k|f=ln= ef]nfgfy 9sfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!)%$^!#, (*$(&&&#&% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄31
114 4175 mashinakhabar.com b[i6L ldl8of k|f]8S;g k|f=ln= s'df/L gljtf km'ofFn sf7df8f}+ (*%!)^(@^#, (*%!)@#$)@ [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄31
115 4176 edainikjagran.com dfF hfu/0f ldl8of k|f=ln= /fhg s'df/ l;+x k;f{ (*$%(*@@%), (*$%@#!@(* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄31
116 4177 kanoonpost.com PlS6e no;{ k|f=ln= lgd/fh a'9f If]qL sf7df8f}+ (*%!!(((*&, (*$!#&@$^) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄31
117 4178 malikapress.com luˆ6]8 va/ k|f=ln= dx]z ;'j]bL sf7df8f}+ (*%!@*)@@*, (*$(#)*(&^ [email protected] 2080⁄05⁄31
118 4179 hulakpost.com g]kfn dfu{ k|f=ln= huGgfy b'nfn sf7df8f}+ (*$@#^##&# [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄01
119 4180 aarambhanews.com leGg ldl8of P08 l/;r{ k|f=ln= /fh' kf]v|n emfkf (*%@^&$%$%, (*%@^*#(#& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄02
120 4181 sabaikosandes.com ;r]tgf ldl8of Ph]G;L tyf cgnfOg Plg;f Gof}kfg] dxt c#f{vfFrL (*^&)$&@#*, (*$($(#@(% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄05
121 4182 sarbajyoti.com bdf}nL ldl8of k|f=ln= dfwj kf}8]n tgx'F (*$!^$(^*), (*!*%)^^() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄08
122 4183 nishananews.com lgzfgf Go'h k|f=ln= 6+s axfb'/ s'Fj/ s}nfnL (*$*$!%*)$, (*$($$@)@& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄08
123 4184 pardafasonline.com kbf{kmf; k|sfzg k|f=ln= k'ik a/fn emfkf (*%@^##^)#, (*$!#%$!#$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄08
124 4185 sthaniyaaawaj.com df?tL ldl8of k|f=ln= la/]Gb| s'df/ zfx df]/ª (*)$)!^#($, (*$@!$%)$% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄08
125 4186 jeetpurkhabar.com hLtk'/ va/ k|f=ln= clgn s'df/ ;fx af/f (*%%)@(@!@, (*)(@@&))% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄08
126 4187 teraikhabar.com 6L= ;L/Lh ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= cho s'df/ ofbj k;f{ (*)^*#&(&$, (*%%)@%%#) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄08
127 4188 dayitwabodh.com dGyg k|sfzg k|f=ln= ;Ltf/fd e§/fO{ nlntk'/ (*%!)(!@(@, (*$#$*$*$) [email protected], sitaram.bhattarai@gmail 2080⁄06⁄09
128 4189 saheekhabar.com ;femf hut dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= ;l/tf bfxfn dsjfgk'/ (*$%$^!###, (*$%@())%@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄10
129 4190 paschimexpress.com klZrd PS;k|]; dlN6ldl8of P08 l/;{r k|f=ln= a?0fb]j kg]? 88]nw'/f (*%*&%!*(@, (*$*&^*^*^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄10
130 4191 nagarikupdate.com gful/s ;Gb]z ldl8of k|f=ln= dgf]h sfsL{ u'NdL (*%&)^&&#*, (*^&@*#@@) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄10
131 4192 arthakendra.com cgnfOg dfu{ ldl8of k|f=ln= lbk]z vgfn sf7df8f}+ (*^!**@%(# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄12
132 4193 belaurionline.com a]nf}/L cgnfOg va/ k|f=ln= dfwj kf}8]n s~rgk'/ (*$**!%&@), (*$$*&(^^! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄14
133 4194 merodanghd.com bfª l8lh6n ldl8of k|f=ln= eujtL s'df/L clwsf/L bfª (*!)(%(%%%, (*^*((!@&@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄14
134 4195 banijyapost.com jfl0fHokf]i6 ldl8of sDkgL k|f=ln= ?kf l3ld/] sf7df8f}+ (*$!(%@^!@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄15
135 4196 bytesnepal.com l8hL ;]jf k|f=ln= /lag nfn >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*!#@#!!@&, (*%!@&&^(% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄15
136 4197 janasandeshkhabar.com hg;Gb]z ldl8of k|f=ln= ;xb]j a:g]t hfh/sf]6 (*$*)@^(!@, (*^*!!&@#( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄15
137 4198 rangadarpanlive.com /+ubk{0f Do'lhs k|f=ln= cf]d k|sfz la=s= sf7df8f}+ (*^(!&%@$), (*$*)*$)$@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄15
138 4199 apidainik.com ck/fOh ldl8of k|f=ln= nlnt l;+x vftL bfr'{nf (*$*&$%*%(, (*!@&^#!)* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄17
139 4200 janachasonews.com hgrf;f] Go"h ldl8of k|f=ln= k|B'Dg e§/fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*$!#*)&)#, (*$!&$)^(( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄17
140 4201 setobaagh.com kz'klt ldl8of k|f=ln= z/b /]UdL bfª (*%&*@)&!#, (*%&*@@)&) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄17
141 4202 welcomekhabar.com hfgsf/L ldl8of k|f=ln= /fh]Gb| >]i7 tfKn]h'ª (*%@^*!!&% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄18
142 4203 nepalir.com g]kfn cfO{=cf/= ldl8of k|f=ln= clega kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*$(($#*#(, (*$!#$!#*@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄18
143 4204 himalayapress.com lxdfno k|]; ldl8of k|f=ln= b]ljnfn /fjn sf7df8f}+ (*%!!()(%*, (*$!@&&##$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄19
144 4205 resunganews.com ;kmn dlN6g]zgn k|f=ln= hgfb{g l3ld/] u'NdL (*%&)@*$(% [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄19
145 4206 lalmohor.com nfndf]x/ ldl8of P08 P8e/l6hd]G6 k|f=ln= /ljg zdf{ rfkfufO{ gjnk/f;L (*%&)*)($^, (*%&)*)*&@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄21
146 4207 prabhunews.com ck6]s g]kfn k|f=ln= dlgif clwsf/L sf7df8f}+ (*^)#)$%&@, (*^!%#^$%( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄21
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147 4208 nepalniceties.com hfDkfnofª ldl8of k|f=ln= l:d7" l3l;ª nlntk'/ (*!*$(*^@(, (*$!)@^@!* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄22
148 4209 frontpage.com.np k|mG6 k]h Go'h k|f=ln= ;/:jtL 9sfn af/f (*%%)$$%$*, (*@!@!*!$^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄22
149 4210 shonitpurkhabar.com zf]l0ftk'/ ldl8of k|f=ln= Zofd anfdL sf7df8f}+ (*)*)*))!(, (*%*)@!)$) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄22
150 4211 bihanimedia.com laxfgL a|f]8sfli6ª\u ldl8of k|f=ln= cflzs /fgf tgx'F (*$%!(%%$*, (*$%%()*%# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄22
151 4212 pariwartanmedia.com lk= kmf]/ ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= kljqf nfdf sf7df8f}+ (*$)!*&(*(, (*%!!^*$&& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄22
152 4213 prahaar.com.np k|xf/ cgnfOg ldl8of k|f=ln= z+s/ /fh gxsL{ tgx'F (*$^)^&)@& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄23
153 4214 reportingnepal.com ofN8 d'g u|'k k|f=ln= oz' s]=;L= alb{of (*%*)%@*&% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄23
154 4215 madheshexpress.com.np dw]z PS;k|]; k|f=ln= Zofdafa' xh/f k;f{ (*!@@@(^!), (*@)(^&)#% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄25
155 4216 karnalibulletin.com s0ff{nL a'n]l6g k|f=ln= kf/; wfdL ;'v]{t (*%!@@(*$(, (*^@%&%*%^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄25
156 4217 aalochanadainik.com cfnf]rgf ;fKtflxs u+uf a/fn sf7df8f}+ (*%!)$!*)@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄25
157 4218 saptarangilive.com ;Kt/+uL ldl8of xfp; /ldnf ;+h]n sf7df8f}+ (*$))%&(^&, (*%!@!^#%# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄25
158 4219 jamkabhetkhabar.com hDsf e]6 ldl8of k|f=ln= dxfgGb e§ sf7df8f}+ (*^***^*^), (*)#%####* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄25
159 4220 thenoticenepal.com cfgGb ldl8of k|f=ln= ;fhg s'df/ ofbj wg'iff (*!%*!^&*(, (*^$)$@@!@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄25
160 4221 stpkhabar.com P;=l6=lk= va/ k|f=ln= lbk]Gb| s'df/ l;+x k;f{ (*)@(@))$), (*%%)&*%)$ [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄26
161 4222 arjundristhi.com x]lNkª ldl8of k|f=ln= ch'{g e';fn lrtjfg (*)!%^$*)&, (*$%&#&(^$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄29
162 4223 jhalkonepal.com la=la= OG6/6]gd]G6 ldl8of k|f=ln= laa]rgf lai6 sf7df8f}+ (*$*&@@(##, )!–$%&*(($ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄29
163 4224 jantakokhabar.com s]=l8=Pg= g]kfn k|f=ln= /fwf a/fn s}nfnL (*^*&$@@(), (*@$^$(#&@ [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄29
164 4225 aamsandesh.com dfxf]n ldl8of k|f=ln= cl:dtf vgfn sf:sL (*%^)$&&!%, (*$^!!^^(# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄30
165 4226 paryatannepal.com ko{6g ldl8of g]kfn k|f=ln= e'ldsf aos sf7df8f}+ (*%!##)&%$, (*$#@)%%*@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄30
166 4227 janbichar.com hgcf:yf ldl8of k|f=ln= clgn ofbj gjnk/f;L (*%&)$^)#! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄30
167 4228 livenepalnetwork.com nfO{e g]kfn g]6js{ k|f=ln= k'is/ /fh kf08] sf7df8f}+ (*$!&$!&#&, (*$!@$#%)& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄06⁄30
168 4229 abadharana.com hg;]jf ;~rf/ u[x hgs 9sfn sf7df8f}+ (*$())#@$), (*%!)%@@$& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄01
169 4230 holerikhabar.com /f]Nkf ;~rf/ k|f=ln= gGb/fd v8\sf /f]Nkf (*%&*%)!^^, (*$&*^@%$% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄13
170 4231 hulakpress.com a]qu+Ëf ldl8of k|f=ln= ljBf /fhk't sf7df8f}+ (*%!@@!($! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄13
171 4232 sodhpatra.com ;f]wkq ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= ;dL/ k|zfb e§ s}nfnL (*%*$**^$$, (*@%^()$)$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄13
172 4233 theinfonepal.com PS;kf] Go"h g]kfn k|f=ln= t]h]Gb| ufxf du/ ?kGb]xL (*$&#((%(&, (*^@!^!&^@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄13
173 4234 sikshyanews.com lzIff Go'h P08 l/;r{ ldl8of k|f=ln= 8f= eLd;]g lu/L bfª (*%&*#!^*$, (*^^()*(#& [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄14
174 4235 sheershakhabar.com /Qmdfnf klAns];G; k|f=ln= sNkgf bfxfn Saptari (*^))*^%(&, (*%@*@@))) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄17
175 4236 krishisanjal.com OlG:6Ro'6 ckm 6]lSgsn sG;N6]G;L P08 l/;r{ ;le{;k|]hlbk
k|f=ln=
kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*%%)#$(#% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄19
176 4237 chotkari.com 5f]6s/L OGs k|f=ln= k|sfz e08f/L eStk'/ (*)@*%&^!!, (*$(#)@)$& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄19
177 4238 lumbinireview.com ls|ol6e ldl8of cd[tf kf08]o ?kGb]xL (*%&)@!@#), (*%&)!)%$% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄19
178 4239 news99np.com Go'h gfOG6LgfOg Pg=kL= k|f=ln= sdn s6'jfn sf7df8f}+ (*!))**()(, (*^@^%^#%# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄20
179 4240 collegeinfonepal.com sn]h OGkmf] g]kfn k|f=ln= /f]lgz 9sfn sf7df8f}+ (*$%#^@)!&, (*$^&#*))) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄20
180 4241 sajhapatrika.com km'nrf]sL ldl8of k|f=ln= gf/fo0f ;fksf]6f sfe|]knf~rf]s (*%!!^#*)(, (*%!@#)&)% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄22
181 4242 palikapage.com >Lod ldl8of k|f=ln= eLd k|;fb rfkfufO{+ Onfd (*$@^#^)#) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄07⁄24
182 4243 baideshikrojgarkhabar.com a}b]lzs /f]huf/ ldl8of s?0ff a:g]t sf7df8f}+ (&^&#%$%^^, (*%!@$%$*# [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄04
183 4244 nepaltravelpost.com Pd=cfO=l;=O= 6'l/hd Unf]an kf=ln= dgf]h s'df/ lu/L eStk'/ (*%!!$@(*& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄05
184 4245 kajinsaranews.com slhg;f/f ldl8of k|f=ln= zfGtf sdnL sf7df8f}+ (*$^^!&(@*, (*$##%&@%@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄05
185 4246 lokatantrikmanch.com nf]stflGqs d~r ;fKtflxs dflqsf k|;fb kf]v/]n sf7df8f}+ (*)!#%((@^, (*$!)&&^&( journalistd20322gmail.com, [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄08
186 4247 sadaksanchar.com dWoklZrd ldl8of u|'k P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f=ln= s'n axfb'/ jnL sf7df8f}+ (*^!*@))#%^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄08
187 4248 pritankdaily.com k[tf+s /fli6«o b}lgs k|f=ln= z'e]Gb| s'df/ bf; tDkf l;/fxf (*^@)@&$*$, (*!&@%#*$* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄08
188 4249 sudurpaschimtimes.com ;'Nhg ldl8of k|f=ln= /d]z P]8L s}nfnL (*^%&(^!#%, (*!)#*^%&% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄11
189 4250 theleadingnepal.com lht u|'k ckm sDkgL k|f=ln= lht]Gb| cf]nL bfª (*%&*$^#*^, (*$#&!))@@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄11
190 4251 bpsanchar.com la=kL= ;~rf/ ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= k|ldnf af]x/f ;Nofg (*$*&&^%@#, (*$&(&(%%) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄11
191 4252 namasteonlinemedia.com ;'/j ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= /laGb| v8\sf sf7df8f}+ (*!^@(%@%&, (*$%^##(%^ [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄13
192 4253 dristicon.com Pg=hL=;fd'bflos ldl8of k|f=ln= lg? yfkf /fd]5fk (*$)!&()@&, (*^!@!&%^& [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄13
193 4254 bihaniexpress.com laxfgL PS;k|]; k|f=ln= ;'lgtf ;fksf]6f sfe|]knf~rf]s (*$#!**%)# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄15
194 4255 trinetrapost.com lqg]q kf]:6 k|f=ln= e'kL pkfWofo s~rgk'/ (*^%^^^))*, (*%*$@^)*! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄18

265
195 4256 aajakakura.com klAns /fO{h ldl8of k|f=ln= z+s/ k|;fb kf08] ?kGb]xL (*%!)##^)#, (*!!%!*@)) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄19
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 qm=;+ ;"rLs/0f g+= cgnfOg 8f]d]g ;~rfng ;+:yf ;~rfnssf] gfd lhNnf ;Dks{ g+ Od]n 7]ufgf ;"rLs/0f ldlt

266
196 4257 sidhaartha.com Go" ldl8of P08 l/;r{ xj sljGb| ltlD;gf sf7df8f}+ (*@^!*%^^^ [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄19
197 4258 kutekhelo.com s'6]v]nf] ldl8of k|f=ln= k|df]b s'df/ l3tfn sf7df8f}+ (*$!$@*&^$, (*$*)*()#$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄19
198 4259 namunapost.com ld8 kf]OG6 l/;{r, Oe]G6 P08 ldl8of elaZj/ kf08] gjnk'/ (*^&!#)!$%, (&$$#$*!&( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄20
199 4260 pratikdaily.com k|lts 8]ln ;dfrf/ k|f=ln= cfgGb s'df/ k6]n k;f{ (*)@)%&!!$ [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄20
200 4261 aawajpati.com cfjfhkf6L ldl8of xj k|f=ln= xs{ axfb'/ sfsL{ sf7df8f}+ (&)@!#@**&, (*^@^@^#($ [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄20
jflif{s k|ltj]

201 4262 haalkhabarmedia.com xfnva/ ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= ljho e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!)$%#)#, (*$!(*$^^^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄20
202 4263 vrikutinews.com e's'6L ;~rf/ k|f=ln= Hof]ltls/0f l/hfn sf7df8f}+ (*$@#^&%(%, (*$($%(!&# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄20
203 4264 smartpati.com :df6{kf6L ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= Clif /fd a:ofn sf7df8f}+ (*%!)*)%!(, (*$!@)%#$^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄20
204 4265 pariwartannews.com.np kl/jt{g Go"h k|f=ln= ;lrbfgGb ;fx k;f{ (*$%!@)^@%, (*$)%*!#^! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄21
205 4266 riseofworld.com /fOh ckm jN8{ ldl8of k|f=ln= efg' eSt kf08] sf:sL (*)@*%!(&(, (*$!$!!&(^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄24
206 4267 kingstarnews.com lsª:6f/ ls|ozg k|f=ln= ;'dg v8\sf /fd]5fk (*^!@((%%!, (*$$@*#&@) [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄25
207 4268 tarjannewsreporter.com 6fh{g l/kf]6{/ k|f=ln= 6fh{g lu/L ;'v]{t (*!!*(%)#*, (*$*!^@)$@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄25
208 4269 hotlinekavre.com sfe|] x6nfOg k|f=ln= ;lrt v8\sf sfe|]knf~rf]s (*$!#!)$@# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄25
209 4270 policykhabar.com klAns kf]nL;L xa k|f=ln= ofbjk|;fb x'dfufO{ sf7df8f}+ (*%%)^))@& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄26
bg – @)*)÷*!

210 4271 kamalbazardainik.com sdnahf/ ldl8of k|f=ln= lxSdt axfb'/ g]kfnL c5fd (*$*%#)%^@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄27
211 4272 agnikhabar.com clUg jfl6sf ldl8of g]kfn k|f=ln= efg' 9sfn c5fd (*$!(*!!)), (*^%&%)%(# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄27
212 4273 hellotvnews.com x]nf] 6]lnlehg k|f=ln= v]d /fh hf]zL s}nfnL (*$*@)*^&@, (*^*%^$%^^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄27
213 4274 worldwidenexusnepal.com jN8{jfO{8 g]S;; g]kfn k|f=ln= kljqf kl/of/ sf7df8f}+ (*$^$$))$^, (*$$()%@)# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄27
214 4275 karyabidhi.com ;'sfo{ ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= zflGt Gof}kfg] ;'v]{t (*$%^(%!(!, (*%*)*^@&@, (*$*@*^@&@
[email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄28
215 4276 redstarkhabar.com /]8 :6f/ k|f]8S;g P08 ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= ch'{g axfb'/ zfxL sf7df8f}+ (*)@$#$#!$ [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄28
216 4277 sangharinews.com ;+3f/L dlN6kn ;le{; P08 l/;r{ k|f=ln= sfnLd}of s'df/L rf}w/L s}nfnL (*$*^!@@(^, (*))^%^$)$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄28
217 4278 himalayanmessage.com lxdfnog k|mG6Lo/ ldl8of P08 l/;r{ k|f=ln= /lj xdfn 7s'/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!!#!@)! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄28
218 4279 chandrasuryamedia.com d'g P08 Pg ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= ls/0f k/fh'/L sf7df8f}+ (*$&()#@$&, (*$!*@^%@) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄29
219 4280 news23nepal.com ;dGjo ldl8of k|f=ln= /fh kfsL{ 8f]^L (*^^!)*^*%, (*$*%%$((@ [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄29
220 4281 nepalexpressmedia.com dfg';L ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= rGb|dfg /fO{ emfkf (*^@&^$)@!, (*%@^%)#!! [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄29
221 4282 gojimediahouse.com uf]hL ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= 8]la6 /fO{ emfkf (&^@#%^^(^, (*!&)^!^(^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄08⁄29
222 4283 collegenp.com l8lh6]s ldl8of k|f=ln= /d]z s'df/ yfkf sf7df8f}+ (*%!!&(**! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄02
223 4284 newsstorynepal.com Go'h :6f]/L ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= /ljGb| kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*%!)#^@*#, (*%!)!*^&$, [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄02
224 4285 newsbarrage.com ;KtClif Go'h g]6js{ k|f=ln= hLt]Gb| s'df/ /fd wg'iff (*!@)^^(%%, (*)&*&)&&! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄03
225 4286 madiviewnews.com df8L Eo" ldl8of k|f=ln= ljho af}8]n kfNkf (*%&)^%*^%, (*$$&^^$!@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄04
226 4287 tokhakhabar.com x/kn g]6js{ k|f=ln= >L/fd ltjf/L sf7df8f}+ (*$!(*#&##, (*$!)*)#)* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄04
227 4288 erukum.com sdns'~h ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= laqmd kl/of/ ?s'd k"j{ (*^((*#@@*, (*^^*^$&@^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄06
228 4289 surakshyarastriyadainik.com.np ;'/Iff /fli6«o b}lgs k|f=ln= ;"o{ ltjf/L afFs] (&^@$&$^(%, (*^%&#$@!% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄06
229 4290 healthhubnepal.com efO6N; ldl8of k|f=ln= /df e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!!^$*&), (*%!)***&) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄06
230 4291 loktantratimes.com nf]stGq 6fOD; ldl8of k|f=ln= lk|G; ld> sf7df8f}+ (*%!#%%**&, (*$%!#%(@@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄06
231 4292 ebigul.com lau'n ;~rf/ k|f=ln= lzj/fh e§ s}nfnL (*%*$@)^#^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄06
232 4293 farwesttimes.com ;Ifd ldl8of P08 Oe]G6\; k|f=ln= o1/fh hf]zL s}nfnL (*!$^&%!(@ [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄08
233 4294 sumhatlungtimes.com dfª\u]Ggf ldl8of k|f=ln= lagf]b s'df/ ;'Aaf kfFry/ (&^@&@%&$@, (*^@&&$$)^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄11
234 4295 salyanpress.com ;Nofg k|]; ldl8of k|df];g k|f=ln= lvd /fh :j0f{sf/ ;Nofg (*$*)*&*^@, (*$&(#$)@* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄11
235 4296 dandaparisandesh.com 8fFF8fkfl/ ;Gb]z ;fKtflxs a'4 nf]Krg sfe|]knf~rf]s (*%!!@(*^(, (*^@((&$#! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄12
236 4297 healthpatra.com km:6 x]Ny ldl8of k|f=ln= z/b s''df/ zdf{ sf7df8f}+ (*%!!&&*$# [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄12
237 4298 ble.com.np afa' njf;'/ OG6/6]gd]]G6 k|f=ln= gf/fo0f bQ pkfWof sf7df8f}+ (*$*^**)@$, (*^%^#^#@^ [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄12
238 4299 janatakoaawajmedia.com hgtfsf] cfjfh ldl8of k|f=ln= ;/Ltf s'df/L ofbj sf7df8f}+ (&^!^(#(^@, (*!(^*&^$) [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄13
239 4300 sajhaonlinetv.com 5xf/L dlN6 ldl8of k|f=ln= ;f]ef >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*$#^(@$%^, (*@#$*^))$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄13
240 4301 bishwakhabar.com la=Pd=lk= ldl8of k|f=ln= /fs]z kf08]o af/f (*%%)#@%)*, (*$%)$)%#% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄13
241 4302 thehimalayanherald.com cgflj ls|PzG; k|f=ln= c?0fb]j hf]zL sf7df8f}+ (*%!!$##!! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄13
242 4303 royalkoshi.com b]jfgL ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= cfzf s'df/L a'9f cf]vn9'+uf (*%!#%@*%@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄16
243 4304 nepalnewspoint.com cf/=cf/= P8 ldl8of /fh]Gb| /fgf sf7df8f}+ (*)#^^@@^), (*$*@$^#^* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄16
244 4305 palikasanjal.com kflnsf ;~hfn ldl8of k|f=ln /fdrGb| ld> sf7df8f}+ (*^!#^(&)% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄16
 qm=;+ ;"rLs/0f g+= cgnfOg 8f]d]g ;~rfng ;+:yf ;~rfnssf] gfd lhNnf ;Dks{ g+ Od]n 7]ufgf ;"rLs/0f ldlt

245 4306 nepalmadheshkhabar.com.np g]kfn dw]; va/ ldl8of k|f=ln= /fd k|j]z a}7 /f}tx6 (*%%)$@#&#, (*!&@!&(%) [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄17
246 4307 timmanews.com ltDdf ;fKtflxs ljho /fO{ df]/ª (*))($$&#@, (*)&)^#&%^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄19
247 4308 samriddhikhabar.com ;d[l4 ;~rf/ g]6js{ k|f=ln= gf/fo0f k|;fb 9+'ufgf sf7df8f}+ (*%%)$#$() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄19
248 4309 purbicommand.com k"jL{ sdf08 ldl8of k|f=ln= ;/f]h a:g]t df]/ª (*)$####**, (*%@^*#(^* [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄19
249 4310 palika753.com l8lh6n ;+ufnf] k|f=ln= lasfz bfxfn eStk'/ (*%!!@^)^*, (*%!)%*@^! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄20
250 4311 saharakhabar.com P;=s]= ls|Pl6e ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= af;'b]j lu/L Ko'7fg (*$&*#*)%^, (*$&*@)#!( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄22
251 4312 sannnews.com ifGtf]ifL OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= ;'ldqf l3ld/] sf7df8f}+ (*%!)%^%#!, (*$!*@@&&% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄22
252 4313 bikassarokar.com k|f]PlS6e ldl8of 8]enkd]G6 P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f=ln= l8n axfb'/ l;+x 8f]^L (*%*$$)!)% [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄22
253 4314 ray4you.com km/ o' ldl8of k|f=ln= zfGtf hf]zL sf7df8f}+ (*!#*&)^$) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄23
254 4315 nepalimedianetwork.com g/]Gb| u|'k k|f=ln= g/]Gb| kf08] sf7df8f}+ (*$!@*@#$% [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄23
255 4316 khabarmanchonline.com va/d~r ;fKtflxs k|sfz kf}8]n emfkf (*%@^^#%(), (*%!!*^((# [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄25
256 4317 stnnewsonline.com :ju{åf/L 6]lSgsn g]6js{ k|f=ln= ;'zLn sdf/ a:g]t bfª (*$&*@)^!$, (*$&($&$(( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄09⁄26
257 4318 muglannews.com ;fsf/ klAns];g k|f=ln= /fdrGb| b'nfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!))@^^), (*^)!&!)@* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄02
258 4319 omribung.com cf]d|La'ª ldl8of k|f=ln= la1fg /fO{ ;'g;/L (*$@)^#^)( [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄02
259 4320 whatthenepal.com r]l/ ldl8of k|f=ln= ljgf]b cfrfo{ sf7df8f}+ (*@##^^$*!&, (*^!@*@&$# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄02
260 4321 routineofbaraupdate.com ?l6g ckm af/f ck8]6 ldl8of k|f=ln= o'lgs ofbj af/f (*$))#(@($, (*)&!$%!!( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄02
261 4322 hulakipatra.com rf}la;] ldl8of P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f=ln= lxdf s'df/L r]Dhf]ª wgs'6f (*%@)%!)@%, (*$@!)((#$ [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄02
262 4323 trikonkhabar.com lbJo lqsf]0f ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= s[i0f axfb'/ kf}8]n wflbª (*%!@!#%)!, (*%!#!@$)! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄02
263 4324 gaurishankarsanchar.com uf}/Lz+s/ ;~rf/ u[x k|f=ln= gf/fo0f axfb'/ >]i7 bf]nvf (*%!#%&)&&, (*$$#@@&&& [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄03
264 4325 swatantratimes.com 8fOgflds Oe]G6;\ P08 ldl8of k|f=ln= cGhg bjf8L lrtjfg (*^%#^$^^% [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄03
265 4326 joynepal.com s|]l8an dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= k|df]b/fh ;]9fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*%!!!!@!(, (*$^!)!%(^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄03
266 4327 nepaliissue.com lbk P8 ldl8of ;le{; k'ikf zdf{ sf7df8f}+ (*$!)#^)() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄03
267 4328 netpati.com g]6kf6L ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= ;'dg s'df/ >]i7 nlntk'/ (*^(&#)&!&, (*@#$&&$%(, (*$!!^%@)%
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268 4329 karnaliaja.com 7fs'/ Ho' ldl8of k|f=ln= ;/f]h zfxL h'Dnf (*$*#!(!@%, (*$*#!(@)# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄05
269 4330 nepalpath.com g]kfnky g]6js{ ch'{g s'df/ >]i7 wflbª (*$!&!&*!@ [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄05
270 4331 akabarey.com csa/] cgnfOg ldl8of k|f=ln= ;+lhj sfsL{ sf7df8f}+ (&$@*%$!$) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄07
271 4332 yesnepalnews.com P; g]kfn Go'h k|f=ln= xs{ axfb'/ tfd||fsf/ sf7df8f}+ (*$*@%&!!) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄08
272 4333 nepalgroundzero.com u|fp08 lh/f] ldl8of OGs k|f=ln= ldªdf/ UofNaf] nfdf sf7df8f}+ (*%!#%@)#), (*%!!!!*(&, (*$!%$))!(
[email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄09
273 4334 gracewitness.com u|]; lj6\g]z g]kfn k|f=ln= dlGb/f s'df/L /fodfemL nlntk'/ (&^!&$@#**, (*%!!*$#^! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄09
274 4335 esajhanepal.com ;femf g]kfn ;fKtflxs ladnf kf08] l;Gw'nL (*%$)$!#(), (*%!)^*()@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄09
275 4336 live24nepal.com e'?Ë] ldl8of P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f=ln= 8Dj/ jxfb'/ l3l;ª sfe|]knf~rf]s (*%!#%^@&), (*$##$#)(# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄10
276 4337 nirvikpost.com ;/n ldl8of k|f=ln= v]d 9'+ufgf s}nfnL (*%*$&&@%^, (*$*$((@!(, (*%*$&&@%^
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277 4338 bajarkochirfar.com OGkmf]gf]ldS; g]kfn k|f=ln= a;Gt kf08] sf7df8f}+ (&^&%***^$, (*$)&*^@#% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄12
278 4339 pratibimbanepal.com lkg=Pg= ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= s[i0f k'g du/ ?s'd k"j{ (*$^#!#$^&, (*$#%$)#^) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄12
279 4340 chauthoanga.com rf}yf]c+u sDo'lgs];g g]6js{ k|f=ln= lhag g]kfnL bfª (*%&*#%%%@, (*$&*@!(*! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄14
280 4341 bairosahayatakendra.com j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;xfotf s]Gb| g]kfn ljho e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!)$%#)#, (*^!#&@&!# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄14
281 4342 indrenimala.com OGb|]0fLdfnf b[li6 k|f=ln= Osdfg nfdf sfe|]knf~rf]s (&$%^)$@*), (*%!!#*^(# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄14
282 4343 choicekhabar.com RjfO{; va/ dlN6kkf{]h ldl8of k|f=ln= Zofd k|;fb aGhf/f k;f{ (*%!!^(%&!, (*$%)@%@&! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄14
283 4344 samacharclub.com ;No'6 ldl8of k|f=ln= zfGt s'df/ ;fksf]6f dsjfgk'/ (*$!#%(&%@, (*%!)&()#( [email protected], 2080⁄10⁄15
284 4345 gorkhasandesh.com uf]vf{ z]8'n ldl8of P08 dfs]{l6ª k|f=ln= /lag v8\sf uf]/vf (*%!!($#!*, (*@#&$&!#@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄15
285 4346 sandarnews.com ;fgbf/ ldl8of k|f=ln= lzv/ h+u >]i7 ;f]n'v'Da' (*$#)$#@#^ [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄15
286 4347 thailandnepal.com l;:g] lxdfn ldl8of k|f=ln= gljGb| s]=;L= sf7df8f}+ (&$%#&$&@( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄15
287 4348 ekpailo.com PskfOnf] dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= /d]z l;+x vqL bfr'{nf (*$*&!!@#(, (*$**@((!% [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄18
288 4349 kanunkhabar.com sfg"g va/ k|f=ln= clgtf sfsL{ sf7df8f}+ (*$!(@!(%@, (*%!@)&%$& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄22
289 4350 greaternepal.com u|]6/ g]kfn ldl8of k|f=ln= s[i0f k|;fb sf]O/fnf dsjfgk'/ (*$%%^#%@(^, (*$%#((!^^, (*$(@(%$^&
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290 4351 chirafara.com lr/fkmf/f ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= lbk]Gb| uf]n] l;Gw'nL (*^^^^%%)# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄22
291 4352 titosatyakhabar.com l5kx/dfO{ ldl8of k|f=ln= lht]Gb| ofbj k;f{ (*$%@#!#)^, (*!!!(@$%@, (*^%%)#!&!
[email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄24
292 4353 marganugami.com dfuf{g'ufdL /fli6«o b}lgs sdn]z s'df/ ofbj l;/fxf (*)!%))#%^, [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄24

267
293 4354 sudursawal.com vKt8 ldl8of k|f=ln= ljgf]b s'df/ yfkf c5fd (*%*$*#()) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄24
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 qm=;+ ;"rLs/0f g+= cgnfOg 8f]d]g ;~rfng ;+:yf ;~rfnssf] gfd lhNnf ;Dks{ g+ Od]n 7]ufgf ;"rLs/0f ldlt

268
294 4355 jalasarokar.com OghL{ g]kfn ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= e'k]Gb| e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*!*(!!!!(, (*^)$)($#%, (*%!)*#^&$
[email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄25
295 4356 tajapost.com Soflk6n s]= e]Gr;{ k|f=ln= /fh kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*)#@^^%@& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄25
296 4357 luckykhabar.com em/L dfO{ d]l8of k|f=ln= cfo{ zlzsnf /fpt k;f{ (*%%)@^&$%, (*%%)@#(!% [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄25
297 4358 newskhojtlash.com Go"h vf]h tnfz b}lgs e/t ;fx ;f]gf/ k;f{ (*%%)!#)!!, (*@!*!^$(! [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄28
298 4359 sparshkhabar.com Cifa ldl8of k|f=ln= lbk' b]jL kf;jfg af/f (*%%)@$!*!, (*$%@($^&( [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄29
299
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4360 sarbochchakhabar.com ;jf{]Rr g]kfn ldl8of k|f=ln= /fd]Zj/ s'df/ rf}/l;of k;f{ (*)@#%@))), (*$$@#^%)! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄10⁄29
300 4361 sankalpasanchar.com ;+sNk ldl8of xa PG8 ;Knfo;{ k|f=ln= blb/fd l/dfn emfkf (*@#$()(%$, (*%!@#@!)) [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄01
301 4362 teraimadheshkhawar.com t/fO{ dw]z va/ k|f=ln= cfzf gGb ofbj l;/fxf (*^#&$*#)), (*)%($&^&& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄01
302 4363 vyasa.com.np Aof; ldl8of k|fO{e]6 lnld6]8 ;lt l;njfn nlntk'/ (*$!$@(@)), (*$((%*&@( [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄01
303 4364 sayapatrikhabar.com ;okqL dlN6ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= k|sfz sf]O/fnf eStk'/ (*%!))(&#(, (*%!!$#&$) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄02
304 4365 bishalaawaj.com lazfn cfjfh dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= Plngf dfs eStk'/ (*^)$^%@() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄02
305 4366 pradeshkura.com t'N;Lk'/ ldl8of k|f=ln= uf]kfn zdf{ e§/fO{ bfª (&^$!(%%%%, (*%&*$#%*( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄03
306 4367 abhitakmedia.com clets ldl8of k|f=ln= lbg]z s'df/ ld> k;f{ (*!$@*@#)), (*$%)$!)!# [email protected], 2080⁄11⁄04
307 4368 simananews.com ;'Nkf ldl8of k|f=ln= lxSdt axfb'/ l;Fx 88]nw'/f (*%*&%!^#^ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄04
bg – @)*)÷*!

308 4369 setisanchar.com ;]tL ;~rf/ k|f=ln= gj/fh hf]zL 8f]^L (*$*$&*&$$, (*$*^)%!$^ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄04
309 4370 fairkhabar.com km]o/ Go'h k|f=ln= z}n]z kf}8\ofn eStk'/ (*)!*$*@#& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄06
310 4371 khabarshala.com eLdlx/f ldl8of k|f=ln= hogf/fo0f k'g bfª (*$&*@^#@$, (*%&*@)^$# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄06
311 4372 janaadesh.com.np hgfb]z g]kfn k|f=ln=n /fd axfb'/ a'9f sf7df8f}+ (*^&#^($^#, (*^$&$^(^! [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄06
312 4373 aamadarshannews.com cfdf bz{g klAns]zg g]kfn k|f=ln= ;'o{ axfb'/ /fo sf7df8f}+ (*^%(&(((&, (*!#@&)#*$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄08
313 4374 karmacharipress.com lghfdtL k|]; k|f=ln= xl/ k|;fb uh'/]n sf7df8f}+ (*$(*#@()), (*^!&!!#&$ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄08
314 4375 karnaliclick.com zf/bf ax'p2]ZoLo ldl8of k|f=ln= ;f/bf k'g du/ hfh/sf]6 (*$&&$%#%^, (*$*)^$&@@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄08
315 4376 salyantoday.com kfg; ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= lzjnfn 8fuL ;Nofg (*%&*$#@!$, (*$&*)&&!# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄09
316 4377 sayatharinews.com ;oy/L ldl8of k|f=ln= /d]z e'h]n sf7df8f}+ (*%!)!!^)&, (*)@)%!@!# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄09
317 4378 maidannews.com d}bfg ldl8of k|f=ln= OGb| k|;fb kf}8]n sf:sL (*%^)#@@@@, (*%^)@^&^! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄10
318 4379 pradeshpost.com P=;L= 6]Sgf]nf]hL P08 dlN6k|kf]h k|f=ln= l;tf sfˆn] ;'v]{t (*%*)%!*^(, (*$*!$#&@! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄10
319 4380 wikipatra.com ljlskq ldl8of k|f=ln= ;fu/ e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*^!$#^)&), (*!^!)(*&$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄10
320 4381 psmnepal.com cd/ ;+rf/ u[x k|f=ln= cd/bf; k'g bfª (&^&#!**%@, (*$&@#@&@! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄10
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322 4383 itkhabar.com.np cfO{=6L= va/ k|f=ln= ljs]z ;fx nlntk'/ (&^@@&*%&&, (*$##*$*#( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄11
323 4384 kagajpatra.com kGrsGof ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= /f]zg /fh kf08]o sf7df8f}+ (*%!)#*$!%, (*%!))@@)) [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄13
324 4385 rojgaarbazaar.com /f]huf/ ahf/ k|f=ln= sdn b]j dNn sf7df8f}+ (*)!)!*^!*, (*%!)^$)*^ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄13
325 4386 janaaawajnews.com eQmk'/ lau Go'h k|f=ln= /lznf yfkf eStk'/ (*^)%*$!)( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄14
326 4387 jimmewarnews.com lhDd]jf/ dlN6kn Dofg]hd]G6 k|f=ln= k|df]b lj=s= sf7df8f}+ (*%!)%(^#!, (*@^%&!^(@ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄14
327 4388 ebarahi.com Oaf/fxL 86 sd ;'lgtf cfrfo{ tgx'F (*%^)^)$^* [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄15
328 4389 samastinepal.com ;di6L g]kfn ldl8of k|f=ln= ;f]d axfb'/ tfdfª sf7df8f}+ (*)*($)()), (*$!^##*&( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄15
329 4390 paschimraibar.com 6knfO{g ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln+= wg ;fpb c5fd (*%*$@&!@#, (*$*$^)^#@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄16
330 4391 muluksanchar.com d'n's ;~rf/ k|f=ln= lbg]z Gof}kfg] sf7df8f}+ (*%!!^($&$, (*%*$*(*)% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄16
331 4392 avilekh.com ;"lrt ldl8of P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ Hof]lt clwsf/L b]jsf]6f sf7df8f}+ (*$%#^)^)&, (*$(^^$@)& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄16
332 4393 heronepaltv.com lx/f]g]kfn ldl8of k|f=ln vlDa/f s]=;L= ;'v]{t (*$&@((%)%, (*^!(&*%$% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄17
333 4394 sronlinenews.com P;=cf/ cgnfOg k|f=ln= ;ld/ /fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*$@@)$%&!, (*)#&%!@&! [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄17
334 4395 kantipurlive.com ldl8of ;ˆ6 k|f=ln= d~h' kxf8L eStk'/ (*%!!($))), (*^)*#@^*( [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄17
335 4396 thehealththread.com bx]Ny y|]8 k|f=ln= lnhf gu/sf]6L sf7df8f}+ (*^)%!^^(^ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄18
336 4397 ourpradesh.com Pd=cfO{ ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= kf/; d08n df]/ª (*%!@!*$)! [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄18
337 4398 nepaldhar.com g]kfnwf/ ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'htf /fO{ nlntk'/ (*)#)!%(*$, (*$#&)@((@ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄18
338 4399 dkura.com l8s'/f Oge]id]G6 u|'k k|f=ln= k'0o k|;fb k|;fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*%!)!@%!#, (*$#)))*%! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄18
339 4400 karnaliupdate.com e/kbf{] ldl8of k|f=ln= ;/f]h jnL hfh/sf]6 (*%*)*)$@&, (*%*)@%%!^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄20
340 4401 khabarjaleshwor.com hn]Zjf]/ klAns ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'/]z kl/of/ ?kGb]xL (*%&)%%!(% [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄20
341 4402 jhapakhabar.com k|l;l4 ldl8of k|f=ln= cRo't /fh ;'a]bL emfkf (*%@^*(%&! [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄20
342 4403 therimonline.com b l/d dfl;s k|sfz kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (&%!)@&(%%, (*$(%((!)) [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄21
 qm=;+ ;"rLs/0f g+= cgnfOg 8f]d]g ;~rfng ;+:yf ;~rfnssf] gfd lhNnf ;Dks{ g+ Od]n 7]ufgf ;"rLs/0f ldlt

343 4404 sundarharainchaupdate.com xfl;gf ldl8of k|f=ln= lzjk|;fb e§/fO{ df]/ª (*$@)%#&!$, (*)#!&(*@% [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄21
344 4405 epressnepal.com lkmSsn kfO{nf k|f=ln= w|'j k|;fb kxf8L l;Gw'nL (*%!!*(!&( [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄21
345 4406 onlinesouthasia.com cgnfO{g ;fpy Pl;of /f]zg ef/tL sf7df8f}+ (*)!)(%&&(, (&)@)@^^%^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄21
346 4407 nexkhabar.com g]S:6 sDo'lgs];g k|f=ln= /fdhL anfdL sf7df8f}+ (*$!)@!$)& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄21
347 4408 sunakharikhabar.com lxdfnog ;'gfv/L ldl8of k|f=ln= k|lag /fO{ ;f]n'v'Da' (*^@&(&)%!, (*$@*!%@$^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄23
348 4409 nebnews.net Pg=O=la= l/hN6; P08 lgph k|f=ln= dfg l;+x dx/f sf7df8f}+ (*$#&)$*)(, (*$*&*&@%% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄23
349 4410 tikhosanchar.com hgwf/f ldl8of k|f=ln= /fs]z s]=;L= bfª (*$%##$#^(, (*%&*@!(@& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄24
350 4411 jayhostv.com >L xf]; 6]lnlehg k|f=ln= xl/ axfb'/ af]x/f sf7df8f}+ (*$$@!@$#%, (*$)##)$** [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄24
351 4412 arthaplus.com >L cy{ Kn; xa c+lst >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*^#$*)#)), (*$!#$#*^% [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄24
352 4413 birgunjtoday.com hfgjL ldl8of k|f=ln= cfgFGb k|;fb sfg' k;f{ (*!$@%$&((, (*$%@%&*** [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄27
353 4414 mechipress.com d]rL 6fO{D; ldl8of k|f=ln= 8Da/ laZjsdf{ emfkf (*)^)^($!& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄27
354 4415 chisephayu.com lr;]kmfo" ldl8of lªdf cGbL ef]6] ;'g;/L (*$@)%#$&^ [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄29
355 4416 bulandakhabar.com cf/=s]]=a'nGb cfjfh k|f=ln= /fhg g]kfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!!&)$@!, (*^!($!$*) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄29
356 4417 sajilomedia.com a|fO;]g OG6/g]zgn ljGb' kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*!*^(*)*$, (*$!@&)@() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄29
357 4418 kendriyaawaj.com km]jf ;+ufnf] cgnfOg ldl8of k|f=ln= t'n;L/fd ;'j]bL sf:sL (*$^)#$#$(, (*$^)&^)^) [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄29
358 4419 janahitonline.com hglxtfP cgnfOg k|f=ln= r]tg lai6 slknj:t' (&^%$(&)!%, (&^%$(&)!% [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄29
359 4420 hamrorastra.com PlDal;o; ldl8of k|f=ln= /fwf s'df/L 9sfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!)(#%)@, (*$)))$*)* [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄13
360 4421 factsanchar.com ˆofS6 ;~rf/ k|f=ln= efjgf /fgf ;'v]{t (*$@#@^!)), (&$%())@*) [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄30
361 4422 mustangaawaj.com d':tfª cfjfh ;+rf/ k|f=ln= ;'lzn ysfnL d':tfª (*%&^@$)#%, (*$()*)%)$ [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄01
362 4423 suchanapark.com ;'rgf kfs{ k|f=ln= ;fu/ zdf{ sf7df8f}+ (*)(%)#^*), (*%!)()#^# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄01
363 4424 nayashira.com gofFlz/f k|sfzg k|f=ln= u]x]Gb| k|;fb 9sfn nlntk'/ (*%!!%%()$ [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄01
364 4425 8848newsnepal.com ;'k|Ld dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= /fh]z zdf{ sf7df8f}+ (*^&^*#!%(, (*%@)#@&() [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄01
365 4426 gangamalakhabar.com u+ufdfnf ldl8of k|f=ln= x'd axfb'/ sfsL{ ;'v]{t (*$*@#)%(!, (*$*@##&)% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄02
366 4427 ecoecopolitics.com u|Lg u|f]y g]kfn k|f=ln= b'uf{ cof{n sf7df8f}+ (*$!%!!@%), (*%!!&(!&* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄04
367 4428 n1khabar.com dxfgu/ klAns];g k|f=ln= ;fljqL l3ld/] lrtjfg (*%%)^%#(! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄04
368 4429 dhangadhitoday.com wgu9L ;Grf/ s]Gb| k|f=ln= zflnu|fd pkfWofo s}nfnL (*^*&*(!@# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄04
369 4430 jayashambhu.com ho zDe' ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= z+s/ jhufO{ sf7df8f}+ (*$))(^%&%, (*$&#)%!*^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄04
370 4431 nepalprofit.com g]kfn lahg]; ldl8of k|f=ln+ 8G8'/fh cfrfo{ sf7df8f}+ (*%!!%)*#@ [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄05
371 4432 nepalionlinetv.com g]kfnL cgnfOg g]6js{ P8e6f{OlhË P08 a|f]8sfl:6Ës[ldl8of
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372 4433 janamamila.com ;x;|wf/f ldl8of k|f=ln= k|df]b /fh bfxfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!))(#@^, (*$!*%*@(& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄06
373 4434 satgau.com la=la=l;= va/ k|f=ln= jL/]Gb| j'9f sf7df8f}+ (*^$*!#&$!, (*^@(&)%$) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄06
374 4435 titosatye.com lttf] ;To ldl8of k|f=ln= lzNkL kf08]o /f}tx6 (*$%%!)*)) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄07
375 4436 pokharaclick.com kf]v/f lSns k|f=ln= lbggfy a/fn sf:sL (*%^)&&)&& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄07
376 4437 bahujanaawaj.com l8lh6n Pd\kfo/ k|f=ln= lblnk s'df/ ofbj l;/fxf (*^)&&&)(%, (*)!()^#*^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄08
377 4438 mechiaawaj.com d]rL cfjfh ;fKtflxs 8Dd/ a/fn emfkf (*$@^&^##!, (*!&((!&*) [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄08
378 4439 gulmikhabar.com gfu/Ls ;Gb]z ldl8of k|f=ln= dgf]h sfsL{ u'NdL (*%&)^&&#*, (*%&)^$@%@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄11⁄17
379 4440 rashtrapost.com OlGhlgo;{ Sna ldl8of k|f=ln= ladnf s'df/L zfxL sf7df8f}+ (*$(!%!$*), (*!*##(!@# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄09
380 4441 jagaunepal.com a|fO6 P8\e/6fOlhª\u P08 ldl8of ;le{; k|f=ln= ;'lhtf 9f]8f/L nlntk'/ (*^)*!$))#, (*$($*(@&* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄09
381 4442 gulmibulletin.com b]p/fnL bz{g ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'bLk 1jfnL ?kGb]xL (*^&@##)&!, (*^!&#&#%) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄12
382 4443 devsanchar.com b]j u'?s'n ;+rf/ l/;{r P\s]8]dL k|f=ln= b]j axfb'/ clwsf/L sf7df8f}+ (*$!)#!($$ [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄13
383 4444 tokaadesh.com tf]s cfb]z ;~rf/ k|f=ln= b'uf{ k|;fb lg/f}nf sf7df8f}+ (*%!))@$@$, (*$#*&##(! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄14
384 4445 learnishkhabar.com nlg{; dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= nIdL s'df/L ltldN;]gf afFs] (*%*)##!)%, (*!$%@!@%) [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄15
385 4446 swabhimankhabar.com :jfledfg l8lh6n ldl8of k|f=ln= sdn s'df/ zfxL ;'v]{t (&$%##)^^@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄15
386 4447 utprerana.com ;'gf}nf] cgnfOg va/ k|f=ln= ;'hftf clwsf/L sf7df8f}+ (*^)%#&@@) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄15
387 4448 bukinews.com a'sL km"n ldl8of k|f=ln= lnnfd0fL uf}td ?s'd k"j{ (*%!!)!!@!, (*^!&^!$&) [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄16
388 4449 thurpaonline.com y'kf{ 6«]8;{ P08 ldl8of k|f=ln= s}nf; 3tL{ du/ bfª (*^*($)%*&, (*$&(!$@@! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄16
389 4450 subhashreemedia.com z'e>L u|'k k|f=ln= ;'jf; a/fn sf7df8f}+ (*)^&$%^#&, (*$*%*)%!) [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄19
390 4451 rastriyafanda.com af}l4dfO{ ldl8of k|f=ln= anL/fd /fpt k;f{ (*!$@*&@)^, (*)$@)*$&) [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄19

269
391 4452 publicsawal.com klAns ;jfn k|f=ln= nIdL k|;fb hf]zL sf7df8f}+ (*$)&$*))#, (*%!!$#!@) [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄19
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn
 qm=;+ ;"rLs/0f g+= cgnfOg 8f]d]g ;~rfng ;+:yf ;~rfnssf] gfd lhNnf ;Dks{ g+ Od]n 7]ufgf ;"rLs/0f ldlt

270
392 4453 Khabarpetika.com va/ k]l6sf ldl8of k|f=ln= gljg sfsL{ sf7df8f}+ (*$)***)$$, (*@!^#*#$^ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄20
393 4454 tilapost.com ltnf kf]:6 k|f=ln= sNkgf dNn sf7df8f}+ (*^%)!$$((, (*^*%%#@#$ [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄20
394 4455 triyuganews.com lqo'uf d]l8of k|f=ln= elQm ljnf; kf]v/]n pbok'/ (*%@*#%^%@ [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄21
395 4456 nayapaper.com k|fO8 ldl8of k|f=ln= /d]z ltjf/L emfkf (*%@^$#))), (*!&(%(%!* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄21
396 4457 khabarjhattai.com ;To va/ ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= Clif/fd e';fn sf7df8f}+ (*$!%!)^^@, (*$!((#)(# [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄21
jflif{s k|ltj]

397 4458 shreegadhimaidaily.com.np u9LdfO{ /fli6«o b}lgs cho s'df/ ofbj af/f (*$%@^)^%! [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄22
398 4459 chhadkenepal.com b"t ldl8of k|f=ln= gf/fo0f k|;fb lg/f}nf sf7df8f}+ (*$(#(!&&@ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄23
399 4460 dolpanews.com CtDe/f ldl8of k|f=ln= lji0f' k|;fb b]jsf]6f 8f]Nkf (*%!@$)^^), (*^*(%(!)! [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄25
400 4461 lokmaitrimedia.com nf]s d}qL ldl8of k|f=ln= /fh]z s'df/ lu/L /f}tx6 (*%!@@$!@!, (*$%!&!#^% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄25
401 4462 nepalhamro.com d]b' ldl8of k|f=ln= lago lu/L sf7df8f}+ (*@$!(^*%#, (*$#^%!*&$ [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄25
402 4463 karnalimission.com lul8bx ldl8of k|f=ln= ;fu/ kl/of/ h'Dnf (*$*#%&#%(, (*^*#)*%(* [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄25
403 4464 parichayanepal.com bz{g u|'K; k|f=ln= s[i0f k|;fb pkfWofo afFs] (*%*)^(@^%, (*))%$&!*% [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄27
404 4465 sanchargram.com jt{dfg ;do ;fKtflxs s'df/ k|;fb cf]´f kfFry/ (*%!)&%!(%, )@$+–%@)$&& [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄28
405 4466 janacharchatimes.com.np hg rrf{ 6fOD; ldl8of P08 P8\e/6fOlhË k|f=ln= lnnfgfy uR5bf/ vjf; df]/ª (*$@!$!#(@, (*^!*@@&(! [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄30
bg – @)*)÷*!

406 4467 powersanchar.com kfj/ ;+rf/ ldl8of k|f=ln= lvd axfb'/ v8\sf ?kGb]xL (*$!@%!)$% [email protected], [email protected] 2080⁄12⁄30
407 4468 caravankhabar.com Sof/fefg l/;r{ ldl8of k|f=ln= /fh axfb'/ zfxL d'u' (*%*#@)!@%, (*%!!@!@() [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄02
408 4469 sarokarpost.com ;/f]sf/ ;Grf/ tyf dfga ;+;fwg lasf/ s]Gb| dw';'bg e08f/L Ko'7fg (*%&*##$&% [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄03
409 4470 singlhasanchar.com jfO{ l6 ldl8of xfp; o'lg; tfdfª wflbª (*$)$$^*!$, (*$#&($&(! [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄04
410 4471 statekhabar.com g]kfn la|km ldl8of k|f=ln= dlgif rfln;] k;f{ (*$$!*$%%$ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄06
411 4472 merochitwan.com P=P;= l/;r{ P08 8]enkd]G6 ldl8of k|f=ln= cd[t afa' bfxfn lrtjfg (*$!#$%&$# [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄06
412 4473 theruju.com 6«'h' l8lh6n klAns]zg k|f=ln= kljqf v8\sf sf7df8f}+ (*%!@%*)**, (*$#@&!$%@ [email protected], jeewans266gmail.com 2081⁄01⁄06
413 4474 resungakhabar.com /];'Ëf PS;k|]; k|f=ln= dx]Gb| vgfn ?kGb]xL (*%&*^*@&(, (*%&)*!*&% [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄07
414 4475 miraclepati.com ld/fsn ;fKtflxs lzj/fh 9'+ufgf c5fd (*%!)(!*)& [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄07
415 4476 kalamandumedia.com snfdf08" ldl8of k|f=ln= zflGt >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*^)*#$*^), (*^!)^)(%^ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄09
416 4477 akramannews.com cfs|d0f ldl8of g]6js{ l6sfbt ltldlN;gf lrtjfg (*%%)%(%!) [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄09
417 4478 newsnari.com gf/L Go"h ldl8of k|f=ln= cfzf kl/of/ afFs] (*%*)^)$)^, (*@@%&(!^* [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄10
418 4479 juntarakhabar.com dWoklZrd ldl8of u|'k P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f=ln= s'n axfb'/ jnL sf7df8f}+ (*^!*@)#%^ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄12
419 4480 mayuronline.com do'/ ldl8of P08 6]Sgf]nf]hL k|f=ln= gf]lv/fd la=s= bfª (*^*(**%@(, (*)(&#$^$& [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄12
420 4481 evisiontoday.com lehg af]8{ k|f=ln= b'uf{ kf]v|]n nlntk'/ (*^&)#*!%! [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄13
421 4482 mediadainik.com ldl8of b}lgs u|'k k|f=ln= eQm axfb'/ /fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*%!)^*!%#, (*$(^^@$*$ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄13
422 4483 farakpatrika.com l;dnL ldl8of k|f=ln= lszf]/ s'df/ a'9fyf]sL l;Gw'kfNrf]s (*$!$*)!^%, (*$!(@$%*% [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄13
423 4484 jhapalikhabar.com emfkfnL va/ k|f=ln= lgt]z l;+x emfkf (*!^)$*)%(, (*!%(^#^** [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄14
424 4485 bartamanaawaj.com jt{dfg ;xsf/L cfjfh dfl;s j}s'07 /fh e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!)$#@%(, (*%^)%!*$( [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄16
425 4486 bhitrakokhabar.com hfgsL dLl8of u|'k k|f=ln= v'Zj' 7fs'/ df]/ª (*!&#$^$^&, (&)$#^$$@( [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄16
426 4487 nayakarnali.com e]/L dlN6kkf]{h ldl8of k|f=ln= dfg axfb'/ s'jF/ h'Dnf (*^*#@$#!* [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄17
427 4488 systemchecknepal.com lh/f] gfOg ldl8of k|f=ln= sf]dn s'df/L kf08] sf7df8f}+ (*$%%!@!&%, (*%!)($$** [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄18
428 4489 sarajuonline.com lzjflns ldl8of ;]G6/ k|f=ln= lznf lwtfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!!$#!&*, (*$($*%*$^ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄20
429 4490 aadarshatimes.com cfbz{ 6fOD; 6Lsf bf; >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*$!$(*$^*, (*%!#@@(!! [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄20
430 4491 nepalkairan.com ;f]n';g ldl8of k|f=ln= lgd{n clwsf/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!)#%#^^ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄21
431 4492 nimjn.org g]kfn OGe]li6u]l6e dlN6ldl8of hgf{lnHd g]6js{ k|f=ln=
/hgLz e08f/L sf7df8f}+ (*%!)@(*@( [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄21
432 4493 arthabishesh.com dgf:n' P8e6f{Olhª\u P08 ldl8of k|f=ln= lbg]z kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*%!)!&#$!, (*%!)^$$@^ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄21
433 4494 bhauratappa.com ef}/f 6Kkf ldl8of k|f=ln= Clif/fd jfUn] alb{of (*$@#!&&#), (*$*)^%&($ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄23
434 4495 hotelkhabar.com jN8{ xf]6n a|f]8sfl:6ª|u k|f=ln= ;+h' v/]n sf7df8f}+ (*$)&$*))#, (*%)($!#% [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄23
435 4496 surakikhabar.com ;'/fsL va/ k|f=ln= s[i0f kf}8]n sf7df8f}+ (*%!!%%!)( [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄23
436 4497 arthapranali.com d'xfg ldl8of k|f=ln= hfg'sf clwsf/L sf7df8f}+ (*$(&%*(#), (*$!*^(*^^ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄23
437 4498 dhangadhinews.com ;'Gb/ ;'b"/ ;Grf/ s]Gb| k|f=ln= wd{ /fh e§ s}nfnL (*%*$@)))$ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄23
438 4499 hamrolumbinikhabar.com n'lDagL dlN6ldl8of OG6/6]G6d]G6 g]kfn k|f=ln= lbg]z l3ld/]] ?kGb]xL (*$#@@!(%$, (*$$&)(!($ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄23
439 4500 ohopost.com dxs ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= clgn >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*$(&^#&*#, (*^!$$$!(* [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄24
440 4501 kadanews.com cf/=P;=P;= ldl8of k|f=ln= z]v/ kf]v|]n sf7df8f}+ (*$(()*@%%, (*%!))$#*) [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄25
 qm=;+ ;"rLs/0f g+= cgnfOg 8f]d]g ;~rfng ;+:yf ;~rfnssf] gfd lhNnf ;Dks{ g+ Od]n 7]ufgf ;"rLs/0f ldlt

441 4502 babainews.com aaO{ ldl8of xa k|f=ln= ch{'g kf]v|]n sf7df8f}+ (*%!!%(((&, (*%*)@#@$@ [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄25
442 4503 parsatoday.com k;f{ 6'8] b}lgs ;Gtf]if s'df/ kf}8]n k;f{ (*%!@@!&(&, (*^$!!^#@* [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄27
443 4504 epradeshreport.com k|b]z l/kf]6{ ;fKtflxs l/t]Gb| emf k;f{ (*%!)*)&$(, (*)$@@(&!) [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄27
444 4505 barakhabar.com dfof ldl8of k|f=ln= /Ghg ofbj af/f (*$%&*()(% [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄27
445 4506 danphekhabar.com 8fFkm] g]kfn ldl8of k|f=ln= lbk]z s'df/ ho;jfn nlntk'/ (*)^@)^(@*, (*$%$!!&#* [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄28
446 4507 scoopkhabar.com :s"k ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'hg kGt lrtjfg (*$!*)&#@^, (*%^)*)^** [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄30
447 4508 mangsebung.com ls/ft rf]MTn'ª k|f=ln= ;'lgn ;]df{ Onfd (*$(@@@&(( [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄30
448 4509 revocnepal.com l/ef]s :6'l8of] ;Gb]z /fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*^!)@$%*&, (*$@@@#&*@ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄30
449 4510 aawajpatra.com lsof/f ldl8of P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ d'gf xdfn ;'v]{t (*%*)$($%%, (*$$*(*!)) [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄01⁄31
450 4511 bastabikkhabar.com cla;g ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= czf]s zdf{ bfª (*$($*$@)), (*^^((#$(( [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄01
451 4512 naulobihani.com la=lh= ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= e]u axfb'/ yfkf du/ bfª (*$$(!*$^( [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄02
452 4513 dadagharekhabar.com lzj bfO ldl8of k|f=ln= lzj/fh a:tfsf]6L sf:sL (*%^)#$*)), (*$^%&$%@# [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄02
453 4514 aviationpana.com ldlynfjf0fL ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= lzjd\ ld> df]/ª (*%@)^)*^*, (&)@))%))# [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄02
454 4515 nagarikpana.com kx/fg]kfn ldl8of k|f=ln= lw/h l;x lai6 sf7df8f}+ (*^#!*@^^^, (*$)*))@)! [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄03
455 4516 nepalinform.com s[li6gf ldl8of k|f=ln= /fdrGb| Gof}kfg] 8f]Nkf (*^*(*$&&@ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄04
456 4517 karnalireporters.com s0ff{nL l/kf]6{;{ k|f=ln= uf]ljGb gufn If]qL ;'v]{t (*%*)@!#@#, (*$*!%&(&# [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄04
457 4518 fastmedia.com.np kmf:6 ldl8of cGhnL emf df]/ª (*)$#^*#)* [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄05
458 4519 urjasanchar.com g]kfnL ;"rgf klAns];g k|f=ln= /fh]Gb| ltdlN;gf sf7df8f}+ (*%!)&@%!$, (*$!*#%@!& [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄06
459 4520 republicnepal.com ?b| l8lh6n sk{ k|f=ln= ;+lhj s'df/ emf sf7df8f}+ (*)!)#%()%, (*$$@$!#(# [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄06
460 4521 arthasawal.com.np cy{ ;jfn ldl8of k|f=ln= /d]z s'df/ af]xf]/f sf7df8f}+ (*%!)*$#%@ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄07
461 4522 purbadharwatch.com k"jf{wf/ ldl8of jfr k|f=ln= lai0f' g]kfnL sf7df8f}+ (*%!!@)#^$, (*$*()^&#& [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄07
462 4523 sudurvoice.com EjfO;\ ckm ;'b"/ k|f=ln= hg]z 7s'Nn c5fd (*^@!#(%((, (*^$!^@#@# [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄08
463 4524 himaldaily.com z'e b[i6L ldl8of k|f=ln= df]xg k|;fb kGt sf7df8f}+ (*$!^@@*)^, (*$!)#!#*% [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄09
464 4525 newsfireside.com jiff{ ldl8of k|f=ln= z+s/ s'df/ n'O{6]n df]/ª (*%@)@@*&!, (*$@$)^%^^ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄11
465 4526 chandragiriserofero.com.np rGb|flu/L ;]/f]km]/f] kf=ln= ljgo >]7 sf7df8f}+ (*!*#)$%&(, (*%!@%%%%# [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄11
466 4527 nayaitihas.com P;=lk=P;= ldl8of P08 P8e/6fOlhª\u k|f=ln= ;Demgf l;njfn af/f (*%!)!&)$%, (*%%)@$%)@ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄11
467 4528 krishiraibar.com P; g]kfn Pu|f] P08 dN6Lk|kf]h k|f=ln= ljgf]b sF8]n ;'v]{t (*$*))%!$#, (*^%)#%@^& [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄11
468 4529 mulpatra.com d"nkq ldl8of k|f=ln= x/L bfxfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!)!%)#! [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄11
469 4530 maishir.com dfO{lz/ ldl8of k|f=ln= an aL/ e'h]n l;Gw'nL (*%$)$@^&&, (*$$!(&#*% [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄11
470 4531 tharuportal.com sfg]kf]v/L yf? kf]6{n k|f=ln= laWof gGb rf}w/L df]/ª (*%@)@*^*^, (*!!)%@^&@ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄13
471 4532 nepalkarma.com g]kfnsd{ dlN6k|kf]h k|f=ln= ;'lzn s'df/ v8\sf ;'v]{t (*%*)^@#%@, (*!^%%$)#$ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄13
472 4533 jandeshdainik.com hgcfb]z ldl8of k|f=ln= rGb| af]x/f afFs] (*%*)***@* [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄13
473 4534 raidmedia.net /]8 ldl8of k|f=ln= lji0f'dfof kf}8]n lrtjfg (*$#%*@$#@ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄13
474 4535 ekhabarnet.com vj/ g]6 ldl8of k|f=ln= j;+t /fd gsdL{ sf7df8f}+ (*$#$$%#!%, (*%!!##&$# [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄13
475 4536 sudurnews24.com ;'b"/ dlN6ldl8of k|f=ln= wg?k sfdL afh'/f (*$#)^%$**, (*$)@#*&!^ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄13
476 4537 awadhjagaran.com cjw hfu/0f dLl8of lg/x' ofbj slknj:t' (*$&@)%**!, (*$&)%@&&( [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄14
477 4538 devchulitv.com b]jr'nL l6=le= k|f=ln= v8s axfb'/ /fgf gjnk'/ (*%&)@*!&) [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄14
478 4539 janabani.com sflGh/f]af ldl8of xfp; k|f=ln= wg/fh zfxL sf7df8f}+ (*^!$&$@(&, (*^!$$$*(& [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄16
479 4540 htcmedia.com Pr=l6=;L= ldl8of k|f=ln= s]za ;'gf/ sf7df8f}+ (*!#^%%@%!, (*$!((^$() [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄17
480 4541 businessraibar.com lahg]z /}af/ dlN6kkf{]h k|f=ln= lw/]Gb| axfb'/ zfxL ;'v]{t (*%*#@)*)#, (*)!%)!%() [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄17
481 4542 baideshikrojgarpost.com 5fofF ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= /fhs'df/ >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*$()^$)$) [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄17
482 4543 nawajoshkhabar.com ;/f{km ldl8of k|f=ln= ljzfn k|;fb ;/f{km af/f (*%%)@$(@$ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄17
483 4544 manakkhabar.com dfgs u'|k k|f=ln= t]h gfl5/Lª /fO{ sf7df8f}+ (*&@!@&!&@ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄18
484 4545 onlinekavre.com cgnfO{g sfe|] 86sd lakzgf zfSo sfe|]knf~rf]s (*$#&@(!&%, (*!#%(@)*$ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄18
485 4546 ratoakshar.com /ftf]cIf/ ldl8of g]6js{ k|f=ln= clDasf v8\sf sf7df8f}+ (*!(#*#!*), (*!(#*#!*) [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄18
486 4547 ststelevision.com P;=l6=P;= 6]lnlehg /fh s'df/ >]i7 s}nfnL (*)@#@)!)*, (*^%$@^%)) [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄18
487 4548 chulachulimedia.com r'nfr'nL ldl8of k|f=ln= r]tg cfªy'kf] Onfd (&$^*&@^^%, (*!^)$@(%* [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄20
488 4549 khabarbindu.com va/ ljGb' k|f=ln= k|]d s'df/ >]7 sf7df8f}+ (*$($%%#!% [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄20

271
489 4550 x]Ny kfgf k|f=ln= /r' n'O6]n sf7df8f}+ (*%!@&$^$$, (*%!)#%##% [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄20
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn

healthpana.com
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272
490 4551 n9sanchar.com g]kfn OG;fO6 ldl8of u|'k k|f=ln= ;'x]n cxdb bhL{ sf7df8f}+ (*@#%^&(@%, (*@@&^(!!^ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄21
491 4552 globesportsnews.com nufgL ;'q ldl8of k|f=ln= /lzb o'gf/; nlntk'/ (*^!&$*$*$, (&)@)**#@@ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄21
492 4553 nepalrastrakhabar.com /fi6« va/ k|f=ln= s[i0f ;fksf]6f lrtjfg (*)!%((@*%, (*^&##@@#% [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄22
493 4554 gandakinepal.com u08sL g]kfn ldl8of k|f=ln= ga/fh a/fn sf:sL (*%^)@)#)! [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄22
494 4555 aafnaikhabar.com vf]lj ldl8of k|f=ln= ;'bLk s'df/ 9'Ëfgf sf7df8f}+ (*%!)^&(*&, (*$#(%($!! [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄23
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495 4556 ratochandrasurya.com olt k|sfzg k|f=ln= xl/ uf]kfn k|wfg sf7df8f}+ (*%!)&&(!(, (*%!)#!*** [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄23
496 4557 businesspana.com lahg]; kfgf k|f=ln= u0f]z >]i7 sf7df8f}+ (*%!#^$@*&, (*%!#^$@*@ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄23
497 4558 tourismface.com g]kfn gn]h xa k|f=ln= ?b| axfb'/ v8\sf sf7df8f}+ (*%*)@)^@@ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄27
498 4559 nepalkhelkud.com cf/= Pd= P8e6f{Olhª P08 dlN6kkf{]h sDkgL k|f=ln=dfwj lwtfn sf7df8f}+ (*%!@@*&^@, (*%!))^)!$ [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄27
499 4560 globalonlinetelevision.com Unf]an cGnfO{g 6]lnlehg k|f=ln= dbg yfdL sf7df8f}+ (*$(@@(()), (*)#^^((^# [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄27
500 4561 purbionline.com ;'s'gf ldl8of P08 ;le{; k|f=ln= ;ld{nf l3ld/] ;'j]bL df]/ª (*$@!(@$!@, (*%@)&^()) [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄28
501 4562 motherlandnews.com :jl:t ax' ;]jf k|f=ln= eLd k|;fb kf}8]n sf:sL (*%^)@)(@$ [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄28
502 4563 himalayadiary.com lxdfnog 8fo/L k|f=ln= rDkfb]jL lg/f}nf sf7df8f}+ (*$!$!)%@* [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄29
503 4564 krantikariaawaj.com s|flGtsf/L cfjfh dfl;s s]zj/fh ;GHofn sf7df8f}+ (*%!@@#^&( [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄29
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504 4565 airawatiupdate.com ck8]6 ldl8of k|f=ln= cg'k/fh kf08] Ko'7fg (*$@$)(!!%, (*!)(@^*@# [email protected], [email protected] 2081⁄02⁄29
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277
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279
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280
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291
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292
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293
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294
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296
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297
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298
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