A Project Report On

“Hydraulic Breaking System”

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 Part A

Title of micro project:- “Prepare report on hydraulic bracking system .”

devices

Brief introduction:- The hydraulic braking system is a type of braking system in which, unlike
the mechanical braking system, hydraulic fluid is used to transmit the brake pedal or brake lever
force from the brake pedal or brake lever to the final drum shoes or disc caliper in order to achieve
braking.

Aim Of Micro project

• To know about hydraulic bracking system

• To know importance’s of hydraulic bracking system
• To know the different type hydraulic bracking system
• To know method is used for hydraulic bracking system

• Action Plan:-

Planned
Planned Name of team
Sr No. Details of activity finished
start date member
date

First we select topic of micro

1
project

Then Search Information About

2
information of flow and pressure

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 measurement device.

Collect The Information About

Different types and application
3 of flow and pressure
measurement device.

4 Discuss with subject teacher.

5 Arrange all data.

6 Then make a report on it.

5. Resource Required

Sr.
Name Of Resource Specification Quantity Remark
No

1 Textbook of fluid engineering ………………. 1

2 Reference book ……………….. 1

3 Internet ………………. 1

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 Part B

Title of micro project:- Prepare report on hydraulic bracking system

Brierf Discription
The hydraulic braking system is a type of braking system in which, unlike the mechanical braking
system, hydraulic fluid is used to transmit the brake pedal or brake lever force from the brake pedal
or brake lever to the final drum shoes or disc caliper in order to achieve braking .The following points
highlight the five main types of devices for measuring of flow in pipes. The devices are:

Hydraulic Braking System

A hydraulic braking system transmits brake-pedal force to the wheel brakes

through pressurized fluid, converting the fluid pressure into useful work of
braking at the wheels. A simple, single-line hydraulic layout used to operate a drum
and disc brake system is illustrated in Fig. The brake pedal relays the driver’s foot
effort to the master-cylinder piston, which compresses the brake fluid. This fluid
pressure is equally transmitted throughout the fluid to the front disc-caliper pistons
and to the rear wheel-cylinder pistons. As per the regulations a separate mechanical
parking brake must be incorporated with at least two wheels. This provision also
allows the driver to stop the vehicle in the event of failure of the hydraulic brake
system.

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Construction and Working of Hydraulic Brakes

When the brake pedal is pressed, the force is transmitted to the brake
shoes through a liquid (link). The pedal force is multiplied and transmitted to
all brake shoes by a force transmission system. The figure shows the system
of a hydraulic brake of a four-wheeled automobile. It consists of a master
cylinder, four-wheel cylinders, and pipes carrying a brake fluid from the
master cylinder to a wheel cylinder.

The most common arrangement of hydraulic brakes for passenger vehicles,

motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds, consists of the following:

a) Brake pedal or lever

b) A push rod (also called an actuating rod)
c) A master cylinder assembly containing a piston assembly (made up of either one or two
pistons, a return spring, a series of gaskets/ O-rings and a fluid reservoir)
d) Reinforced hydraulic lines
e) Brake caliper assembly usually consisting of one or two hollow aluminum or chrome-plated
steel pistons (called caliper pistons), a set of thermally conductive brake pads, and a rotor (also
called a brake disc) or drum attached to an axle.

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Various Components

Various components and their functions in a hydraulic braking system are as follows.

Brake Pipes.

These are steel pipes which form part of the fluid circuit between the master-cylinder and the
wheel-cylinders. These pipes transfer the fluid along the body structure and rigid axle members.
Flexible hoses connect the sprung body pipes to the unsprung axle wheel-brake units, to allow for
movement
.
Master-cylinder
.
This converts foot-pedal force to hydraulic pressure within the fluid system by means of the
cylinder and piston

Disc-brake.

This comprises of a disc bolted to the wheel hub. This is sandwiched between two pistons and
friction pads. The friction pads are supported in a caliper fixed to the stub-axle (Fig. 28.36). When
the brakes are applied, the pistons clamp the friction pads against the two side faces to the disc.

Drum-brake.

This uses two brake-shoes and linings supported on a back-plate. The back-plate is bolted to the
axle-casing. These shoes pivot at one end on anchor pins or abutments attached to the back-plate
(Fig. 28.36). The other free ends of the both shoes are forced apart when the brakes are applied.
The shoes expand radially against a brake-drum positioned concentrically on the wheel hub

Wheel-cylinders.

As the hydraulic line pressure acts on the cross-sectional area of the disc and drum cylinder
pistons (Fig. 28.36) in wheel cylinders, the hydraulic pressure is converted into braking effort. This
braking effort either presses the friction pads against the side faces of the disc or forces the shoe
friction linings against the inside of the drum.

BRAKE SHOES:- There are 2 brake shoes used in the brake drum. Both piston rods are
connected to one end of the shoes. Other ends of the shoes are hinged Brake shoes have
friction lining on the outer surface.

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Working of master cylinder of Hydraulic brake:
1) Brakes applied:

When the brake pedal is operated, the pushrod moves the piston against the action of the
spring force. When sufficient pressure is built up, the rubber cap of fluid check valve deflects and
the high-pressure fluid enters the wheel cylinder through fluid lines and operates the brake shoe
against the revolving drum.

2) Brakes released:
When the pedal is released, the piston return towards its initial position due to the spring force
and closes the fluid check valve for a short time to avoid entry of any air. The fluid from the
lines also comes back in the compression chamber by lifting the check valve off its seat.

Method of Bleeding of hydraulic brakes:

1) Pressure Bleeding

a) Using air
b) By forcing brake fluid

2) Manual Bleeding

3) Gravity bleeding

1) Pressure bleeding:

Pressure bleeder is a device used for bleeding procedure that is attached to the master cylinder.
The pressure bleeder supplies pressurized brake fluid to the master cylinder.
When the bleeder screw is opened, the pressure force air and brake fluid out of the bleeder
screw. With a pressure bleeder, you can bleed the hydraulic system without any helper. The
pressure used in pressure is usually 104 to 138 KPa.

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2. Manual bleeding of Hydraulic brakes:

Two service technicians are needed for the manual bleeding. One technician opens a bleeder
and the other technician depresses the pedal, to force out air and brake fluid from the bleeder
screw. To bleed the system following procedure is adopted.
a) Attach a bleeder hose to bleeder screw at the wheel cylinder and insert the other end of the
hose into the clean plastic container which is partially filled with clean brake fluid.
b) Loosen the bleeder screw at least one full turn.
c) Have an assistant to depress and hold the brake pedal and then tighten the bleeder screw.
d) Have your assistant to release the brake pedal.
e) Repeat steps b,c & d until the fluid flow in the container is free of air bubbles. Periodically
check the brake fluid level in the master cylinder and brake fluid of correct grading to keep the
reservoir filled.
f) Repeat this procedure at each wheel.

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3. Gravity bleeding:
Gravity bleeding is the method of bleeding that uses the earth’s gravity to bleed air from the
hydraulic system. No external force is applied to brake fluid. To bleed the system following
procedure is adopted.
a) At the wheel, the cylinder loose the bleeder screw at least one full turn.
b) Remove the cover from the master cylinder reservoir. The level of brake fluid to flow from
the bleeder screw.
c) Watch the bleeder hose when brake fluid flows from opening and tightening the screw.
d) Repeat this procedure at each wheel in sequence and it should be changed

Types of Hydraulic Braking System :

The hydraulic braking scheme is categorized as,

1. Based on the frictional contact system, there are two

kinds of hydraulic pumps–

(i) drum brake or inner hydraulic valve expansion.

(ii) Hydraulic disk brakes or internal hydraulic brakes
.
2. Based on the brake force allocation-there are two kinds
of hydraulic brakes-

single-acting hydraulic pumps

(ii)dual-acting hydraulic pumps

Hydraulic Disc Brake:

Construction of Hydraulic Disc Brake :

A disc brake consists of a rotating disc and two friction pads that are
actuated by a hydraulic braking system. The friction pads remain free on
each side of the disc when brakes are no applied. They rub against the
disc when brakes are applied to stop the vehicle.

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Working of Hydraulic Disc Brake

In a disc brake, the fluid from the master cylinder is forced into a caliper where it
presses against a piston. The piston in turn crushes two brake pads against the disc
that is being attached to the wheel, making it to stop or slow down. The main
advantage of disc brakes is their resistance to wear as the discs remain cool even
after repeated brake applications.

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 • Aim of micro- project

• To know about hydraulic bracking system

• To know importance’s of hydraulic bracking system
• To know the different type hydraulic bracking system
• To know method is used for hydraulic bracking system

Courses outcome integrated

1. Select a suitable braking and steering system for particular applications.

Actual procedure followed

• First we select topics

• Then search information about different types hydraulic bracking system
• Then collect all the information related to hydraulic bracking system device from
internet ,reference book magazine
• Then discuss with our subject teacher
• .Then prepare report on it

Actual resource used

Specification
Sr. NO. Name OF Resources Quantity Remark

1 Textbook of fluid engineering ………………. 1

2 Reference book ……………….. 1

3 Internet ………………. 1

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 Outputs of the micro-projects
• To know the different fluid hydraulic bracking system .
• To know method is used for hydraulic bracking system

Skills developed / learning out of this micro-project

In this micro project we will study about flow and pressure measurement.
Measurement of flow of gases and liquids falls into the category of nonelectrical
quantities.• Here we will study about 4 different types of flow and pressure meters• they
are Turbine Flow meter, Electromagnetic Flow meter, and Hot Wire• Anemometer and
Ultrasonic flow meter.

Reference

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