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PHRASES :

Determiners : determiners are used to introduce a noun or noun phrases. There are several
classes of determiners such as articles, interrogative, possessive, relative, indefinite, adjectives,
demonstrative, distributives, pre-determiners, quantifiers, and numbers.
Determiners do two things. First, they signal that a noun or noun phrases will follow, then they
give information about the item, they may tell us whether the item is general or specific, near
or far, singular or plural; they can also quantify the item, describing how much or how many are
referred to; or they can tell us whom the item belongs. We’ll look at each class of determiners
separately.

Quantifiers : the countable and uncountable nouns may also be used with quantifiers. These
are words that expressed the amount or quantity. Common examples are some, any, few, a
few, the few, much, many, little, a little, the little, more, several.

Some quantifiers are countable such as many, few, a few, several.

Examples : the citizens came to the meeting with many suggestions on how to improve
their neighborhood.
Fewer tourist visited that area as it was known to be unsafe.

Some other quantifiers are uncountable noun such as much, little, a bit of.
Examples : would you like a bit of pepper in your soup
There’s very little dessert left

Some quantifiers are used both countable and uncountable form such as all, some, any, lots
of, plenty of enough.
Examples: he has enough courage to face the bullies
we have some plates for the party tonight
Tracy will bring more
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1. Noun phrase:
A noun phrase consist of a noun plus any determiners or modifiers
directly related to it. Noun phrases always have the grammatical function of nouns in a
sentence.

Noun phrases examples How they appears in the

sentence
A book: determiner(a) + (noun) book I found a book I’d like to
read
Her sweetly smalling child : determiner(her) + adverb She gazed lovingly at her
(sweetly) + adjective (present participle) smelling + sweetly smalling child
noun (child)
The red car : determiner (the) + adjective (red) + noun The red car belong to me
(car)

1. Verb phrase :
A verb phrase can either be made up of an helping verb and main verb
simply in verb phrase the helping verb is given before the main verb in the sentence.
The verb phrase is always given in the form of continues, perfect, complement, objects,
modifier, verb and prepositional form.

Verb phrase example How to appears in the sentence

Am running : am(helping verb + running I am running late
(continues tense )
Have completed: have (helping verb) + They have completed the task
completed (perfect tense)
Quickly ran to the bus : quickly (adverb) +
ran (verb) + to the bus (prepositional )
Plays the trombone : plays (verb) + the My brother plays the trombone
trombone (object)

2. Adjective phrase :
A adjective phrase is the combination of adjective along with
modifier, any determiners, or adjective complement that describe the complete
meaning of sentence. Simply adjective phrase is also describe or explain the noun it
could be positive or negative term.
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Adjective phrase examples To appears in the sentence

My favorite: my (determiner) + favorite I bought my favorite shirt in the market
(adjective)
Wonderfully talented: The singer was wonderfully talented
wonderfully(adverb) + talented(adjective)
Alone in the world: alone(adjective) + in She felt alone in the world
the world (complement adjective)

3. Preposition phrase :
Preposition just connect noun or pronoun with the other words in
the sentence.

Examples :
My grandparents enjoyed the booting on the lake the underline words is
preposition phrase because before (the lake) on is used which is preposition
Spider did not built web in the busy area the underline words is also
preposition phrase because before (the busy area) in is used which is
preposition

4. Gerund phrase :
A gerund is like Verb + Ing used as a noun in the sentence simply any
word in the sentence have in continues form follow 1st form of verb with using ING but
as a noun is called gerund phrase.

Examples:
Swimming is good for health, so swimming is gerund phrase because swim+
ing and used as noun in sentence.

Maria enjoyed reading stories at night same like as above

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USES OF SOME WORDS :

1. And & Both: we used and & both in the same sentence if two similar ideas are given in
the same sentence
Examples : she is tired and hungry
she is both tired and hungry
we found both in our tickets and our money

2. But : we used but when two different ideas are given in the same sentence
Examples : I like cricket, but I hate football
he swim, but he doesn’t play piano

3. So : we used so when we talk about the result of something its link two actions
Examples : I’m tried, so I am going to sleep
They were late, so they missed the train

4. Either and Or : we used or, & either and or when we give the two possibilities in the
same sentence.
Examples : she is British or French
She is either British or French

5. Neither Nor : we used neither and nor when we talk about the negative sentence
Examples : neither ali nor noor came
I have knowledge neither English nor math’s

6. Because: we used because when we talk about the reason in sentence

Examples : I hate him because he killed my teacher last night
I like my friends because he helping me in bad time

7. In case: we used in case when we talk about something happing (must be happing) we
guess in the sentence
Examples: I’m taking an umbrella in case it rains
I’ll phone john now in case he wants to come with us

8. So that: we used so that when we talk about the purpose in the sentence
Examples: I took a taxi so that I would arrive on time
I listen news in the morning so that I know what happing in the world
Tom goes jogging everyday so that he’ll look fit
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9. Some preposition follow words:

According to
Bored with
Comment on (for things)
disagree with
disappointed on (for things)
disappointed with (for somebody)
disgusted at (for something)
disgusted with (for somebody)
protest against
similar to
write about (something)
write to (somebody)
back away--------to retreat
back down-------to retreat or withdraw
back out----------fail to keep an argument
back up-----------make a copy of computer data
back (someone) up--------to support someone
fall apart---------break into pieces
fall behind-------make little progress
fall out------------have a bad relationship with someone
fall through------be unsuccessful
get across--------communicate successfully
get ahead--------make progress
get along---------have a good relationship with someone
get around to------finally manage to something
get back at---------take revenge
put across----------to communicate
put (someone) down--------insult someone
put forward--------suggest or nominate
put up-------------allow someone to stay at your house for a few days
put up with-----------tolerate