1st International Conference on Applied Soft Computing Techniques

22 & 23.04.2017
In association with
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

Design and implementation of control techniques for Zeta

converter
Jajini. M*1, Vairaprakash P2
*1PG Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Thiagarajar college of Engineering, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Thiagarajar college of Engineering, Madurai, Tamil Nadu,India

Abstract
The model proposed is Zeta voltage converter controller design and its control. The mathematical model of the zeta
converter circuit operating in the continuous conduction mode is presented. PI controller, Fuzzy Logic controller
and Sliding mode controller are the designed controllers. Analysis and comparison of simulation responses of open
loop, close loop fuzzy logic controller and sliding mode controller are made with respect to periodic change in load.
The results show that there is a significant performance and improvement in the proposed model.
Keywords : Zeta Converter; Voltage Regulation; State Space Model; Sliding Mode Control, Abbreviations and
Acronyms : CCM-Continuous Conduction Mode;VRM-Voltage Regulator Module;SMC-Sliding Mode
Controller;FLC-Fuzzy Logic Controller; D-Duty cycle; e-output error variable
I. Introduction
Vout  D  Vin ….. (1)
As the demand for high-performance, cost-effective
systems continues to increase, power system design has
become more challenging and complicated than ever Buck converters work for low voltage applications. The
before. The trend is DC-DC Converters with high second commonly used converter is a boost converter.
efficiency and power saving capability. Boost converters are step-up converters that output a
India With the demand for portable electronics growing voltage higher than the voltage that is input to the
in India, the role played by DC/DC converters in converter. The standard boost converter has an output
reducing power consumption in hand-held devices is that is equivalent to the input voltage divided by the duty
assuming greater importance. With more devices being cycle.
designed so as to incorporate more features into them,
Vin
portable system designers are looking at smaller and Vout 
efficient DC/DC converters which perform efficiently (1  D ) .….(2)
whileincreasing battery life and system run-times.
Improved efficiency, smaller form-factor, higher However, in many applications, a high boost ratio is
frequency switching and higher power densities are required for the DC/DC converter to feed high voltage
some of the trends that NXP is observing for DC-DC load or power grid. This cannot be satisfied by basic
converters. boost converters. Some limitation in conventional buck
There are three main DC/DC converter technologies boost converter like inverted output, pulsating input
used with renowned applications. The first of these current, high voltage stress make it unreliable for wide
converters is the buck converter. Buck converters are range of operation. So to get rid of this, ZETA converter
step-down converters that output a voltage lower than is used.
the voltage that is input to the converter. The standard The model implements Sinusoidal Pulse Width
buck converter has an output that is equivalent to the Modulation Technique to provide triggering pulses to
input voltage multiplied by the duty cycle the converter switch. With this, the output voltage will

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be more with high modulation index. It also helps in

reducing harmonics. Switch used is MOSFET, because This mode is obtained, when the diode (D) is off and
it has higher speed of operation. switch(S) is on. As shown in Figure 2 the current
The controller action is provided by three different through the inductor L1 and L2 are drawn from the
controllers. The PI controller acts as a comparative source Voltage Vs. The Inductor current iL1 and iL2
device that compares the input set predetermined value. increase linearly. This mode of operation is called as
If error is present, controller uses certain variables to charging mode.
correct them. The PI controller has negligible steady
state error.
The controllers are fuzzy logic controller and sliding
mode controller. Each control technique for the zeta
converter is implemented using matlab simulation. The
objective of the work is to stabilize and regulate the
output voltage of converter under varying load
conditions.
II. Zeta Converter

DC-DC conversion is the stem of Power Figure 2 Zeta Converter in ON State

Electronics.Many new converter topologies are still
created every year. The Zeta converter is one among the MODE 2:
new converter topology that provides a regulated output This mode shown in Figure 3 is attained, when the diode
voltage from an input voltage varying above and below (D) is in ON state and switch (S) is in off state. The
the output voltage. energy stored in the inductors discharge and is
transferred to the load. The current in the inductors
Zeta converter is a fourth order DC-DC converter. The decreases linearly. This mode of operation is called as
zeta converter shown in Figure 1 is capable of charging mode.
converting input voltage into a non inverted output
voltage, having either a lower or higher value than input
voltage. The inductor and the capacitors may also have
large effects on the converter efficiency and ripple
voltage. The energy transfer is controlled by high
frequency switching device S (MOSFET).

Figure 3 Zeta Converter in OFF State

Advantages of zeta converter:

Figure 1 Zeta converter
 Unlike a classical buck–boost converter, the zeta
converter has a continuous output current. The
A. Operating modes of zeta converter
output side inductor makes the current continuous
Zeta converter is capable of operating in both continuous and ripple free.
and discontinuous modes.The zeta converter consists of  Although consisting of same number of components
components like switch (S), inductors (L1 and L2), a as Cuk converter, the zeta converter operates as non-
diode, capacitors (C1 and C2), and a load (R). inverting buck–boost converter. This property
MODE 1: obviates a requirement of associated circuit for

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negative voltage sensing, and hence reduces the

complexity and probability of slowdown in system
response.
…..(10)&(11)
B. Design equations of zeta converter
For switch closed at time DT and open for (1-D)T,the
DUTY CYCLE weighted average of the equations are

D= …..(3)

INDUCTANCE

L1 = …..(4)

L2 = …..(5)
…..(12)to(18)

CAPACITANCE State space equation for on state is expressed as

C1 = …..(6)

C2 = …..(7)

III. Sliding Mode Controller Design …..(19)

A. State space model of zeta converter State space equation for off state is expressed as

State-space averaging (SSA) is a reknownmethod

formodeling switching converter.A state variable
description of a system is written as follow

…… (5.1) & (5.2) …..(20)

Where A is n x n matrix, B is n x m matrix, C is m x n
matrix and D is reserved to represent duty cycle ratio. The system state space equivalent equation is

For a system that has a two switch topologies, the state

equations can be describe as

When switch is closed

….. (8) &(9) …..(21)to(23)

When switch is open

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The desired output voltage 48V is not obtained in open

As= [0 0 (D-1)/L1 0;0 0 D/L2 -1/L2;(1 -D)/C1 - loop circuit. The obtained output voltage is 45.94V.
D/C1 0 0;0 1/C2 0 -1/(R*C2)];
Bs= [D/L1; D/L2; 0; 0];
Cs= [0 0 0 1];
Ds= [0];
Vs= 12;
[Num, den]= ss2tf(As,Bs,Cs,Ds)
sys= tf(num,den)
step (sys*Vs)
grid
Figure 5. Open Loop Response
B. Determination of control parameters for SMC

The values of k is obtained by following equation

B A ……(24)

TableI. performance analysis of converter for change in

load

B. Zeta with PI controller:

The proportional gain and integral gain values of PI

controller are obtained from Ziegler Nichols tuning
method. The proportional gain as 0.018 and integral gain
Figure 4 sliding mode control as 0.015 is taken to regulate the output voltage of
proposed converter.
IV. Simulated performance of proposed
system In PI controller, the actual value of voltage and
thereference voltage are compared and the error value is
The dynamic performance of zeta converter is analysed given to the PI controller. The output of PI controller is
using following control techniques: then given to the relational operator where it is
1. Without feedback controller compared with the repeating sequence. Here ramp signal
2. With PI controller is considered.
3. With fuzzy controller
4. With SMC controller

A. Zeta without feedback controller:

In open loop control of dc-dc zeta converter 20V input is

fed to which is to be boosted upto 48V as per
requirement and it is not obtained in open loop control. Figure 6. output voltage response with PI controller
A pulse generator is used to apply the gate pulse to the
power MOSFET. For open loop duty cycle chosen is
0.70

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Figure 10. output voltage of Fuzzy Logic

Controller
Table II. performance analysis of closed loop PI
controller
% of load Output Output power
C. Zeta with fuzzy logic controller: voltage
100 48.04
The fuzzy logic controller is used to regulate the output 95.24
voltage of proposed converter. The error signal and 75 48.21
change in error signal are the inputs to the fuzzy logic 73.56
controller. 50 48.23
33.52
25 48.45
23.725

Table III. Performance analysis of closed loop flc

controller

D. Zeta with SMC controller:

Figure 7. Input membership function ( error signal)
Here the current through inductors and voltage across
capacitor are considered as the sliding surface. The gain
values are calculated until the transient response is
satisfactory.The measured capacitor voltages and
inductor currents are made to compare with the
reference values and the gain calculated are
k1=k2=0.0599 , k3=0.0358 and k4=2.9423

Figure 8. Input membership function ( change in error

signal)

Figure 11. output voltage of SMC controller

Figure 9. Output membership function

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DC converter for fast transient response” 978-1-

% of load Output voltage Output power 4244-7882-8/11/$26.00 ©2011/ IEEE.
100 48 97.17 [4]. J.falin, “Designing DC/DC converters based on zeta
75 48 73.508 topology” Analog Applications Journal, Texas
50 48 65.38 Instrumentsincorporated,pp.16-20,2010.
25 48 24.68 [5]. Ali H. Ahmad, Nashwan Saleh Sultan“ Design and
Implementation of Controlled Zeta Converter
Table IV. Performance analysis of closed loop smc PowerSupply”American Journal of Electrical and
controller Electronic Engineering, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 3, 121-
V. CONCLUSION 128
[6]. AbhinavDogra, Kanchan Pal, “Designing and tuning
Zeta converter has been designed. Modeling and control of PI controller for flybackconverter”,International
of a Zeta converter operating in Continuous Conduction Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology
Mode (CCM) has been presented.The output voltage (IJETT) – Volume 13 Number 3- Jul 2014.
response as an open-loop system has been analyzed. The
Zeta converter was simulated with variation in load. The
simulation was done for DC-DC Zeta converter with the
various controllers such as PI controller, Fuzzy logic
controller and sliding mode controller to regulate the
output voltage of the zeta converter circuit. The
initiative is taken to develop sliding mode control
technique for zeta converter.The computation time for
the proposed system gains were very short. Hence the
system gives better output and is efficient. The future
scope of this work is usage of solar source employing
effective MPPT algorithm

VI. Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge the support provided by the

Management, Principal and Faculty of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering department of Thiagarajar
college of Engineering, Madurai.

VII. References
[1]. RajanKumar, Member, IEEE and Bhinsingh, fellow,
IEEE “bldc motor-driven solar pv array fed water
pumping system employing zeta converter” IEEE
transactions
VOL.52,NO.3,MAY/JUNE2016,PP.2315-2322.
[2]. Venkatanarayanan Subramanian †and
SaravananManimaran, “ Implementation of a sliding
mode controller for single ended primary inductor
converter”, Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 15,
No. 1, pp. 39-53, January 2015.
[3]. SubhashChander, ,Pramod Agarwal and Indra
Gupta, “ Auto tuned discrete PID controller for DC-

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