paper6experiment
paper6experiment
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Rate of cooling ( temperature drops vs. surface area, type of insulation, volume of
water, temperature of surroundings)
1. 5 sets of beakers with different volume of 50ml, 100ml,
150ml, 200ml, and 250ml are prepared.
2. The diameter of the base of each beakers are measured using
measuring tape and recorded
3. 50cm3 of pure water is initial heated until the initial
temperature reach to 100C
4. The hot water is quickly and carefully poured into the 50ml
beaker
5. The stopwatch is started immediately
6. The time taken for the temperature to drop to 27C is counted.
7. The experiments are repeated with 100ml, 150ml, 200ml and
250ml of beakers
8. Results are recorded and tabulated
Fair test
1. Volume of water, initial temperature of water, surrounding temperature
Increase accuracy / reliable result
1. Repeat experiment, to calculate average reading.
2. Avoiding parallax error, look perpendicular to the ruler.
Precautions
1. Stir the solution at intervals.
2. Insulate the beaker with lid and cotton wool. Stand at distant from fire
Fair test
1. Use same thickness of wire, use same temperature of wire, use same type of wire
Precautions
1. Use small current to prevent overheating of the wire
2. Switch off circuit between readings to allow wire to cool down
3. Ensure the connections are clean, to prevent short circuit
4. Tap the wire to prevent wire from sticking each other
Ray diagram (size of image vs. object distance/ screen distance/ thickness of lens)
(image distance vs. object distance/ thickness of lens)
1. Set the lens on a lens holder and secure it to a meter ruler
2. Adjust the lens so the lens is at the 50cm mark of the meter
ruler
3. Use the same lens throughout the whole experiment (to
ensure same thickness of lens)
4. Put a lighted candle at 0cm mark of the ruler
5. Adjust the white screen back and forth until a sharp image is
formed
6. Measure the distance between lens and the white screen to
record the image distance
7. Repeat the experiment by adjusting the object at 10cm,
20cm, 30cm, and 40cm mark
Fair test
1. Use same thickness of lens, use same size of object, use lens of same diameter
Precautions
1. Ensure object, lens and image are at the straight line
2. Ensure object, lens and image are at the same level
3. Conduct experiment in a darkened room
4. Ensure lens is vertically fixed on the lens holder
5. Difficulties : hard to measure the size of image as the edge is hard to define, hard to determine a sharp image, hard
to find the object distance as the object may block the reading
Precautions
1. Put pins far apart ( at least 5cm apart), use thin pins, use vertical pins
2. Use thin ray
3. Draw with thin pencil line
Precautions :
1. Wear shoes during experiment, as load are heavy and may harm
when dropped
2. Wind spring parallelly
3. Use thinner spring
4. Prevent parallax error
Precautions :
1. Record the time taken for 20 oscillations, then divide the time taken
by 20 to find the period of the oscillations, this is to reduce the error due to slow reaction time
2. Ensure that the amplitude of the oscillations is the same throughout
3. Ensure the thread used are not elastic
3. Hang a plumb line in the hole and mark the line it passes through.