CAUSATIVE FORM

 Causative Form = have + object + past participle

 to say that we arrange for someone to do something for us
E.g. David arranged for the builder to build a shed. David had a
shed built.
Present Simple She paints her She has her portrait
Present Continuous portrait painted
She is painting her She is having her
Past Simple portrait portrait painted
She had her portrait
Past Continuous She painted her painted
portrait She was having her
Future Simple portrait painted
She was painting her She will have her
Future Continuous portrait portrait painted
She will be having
Present Perfect She will paint her her portrait painted
portrait She has had her
Present Perfect portrait painted
Continuous She will be painting She has been having
her portrait her portrait painted
Past Perfect She has painted her She had had her
portrait portrait painted
Past Perfect She had been having
Continuous She has been her portrait painted
painting her portrait She can have her
Infinitive She had painted her portrait painted
portrait She likes having her
-ing form portrait painted
She had been
painting her portrait
She can paint het
portrait

She likes painting her

portrait
 the verb to have, used in the causative, forms its negations and
questions with do/does (Present Simple), did (Past Simple)
E.g. She doesn’t have her hair dyed. Did you have your curtains put
up?
 the causative can be used instead of the passive to express
accidents or misfortunes
E.g. She had her car stolen (=Her car was stolen)
 get can be used instead of have in the causative. Get is stronger
 in the meaning than have and can be used to suggest difficulty
E.g. He finally got the seats booked. Get the door repaired, will you?
 make/have + object + bare infinitive are used to express that
someone causes someone else to do something. But their
meaning is slightly different.
E.g. He made Ann type the letter. (He insisted that Ann should type
the letter)
He had Ann type the letter. (He asked Ann to type the letter)
 get + object + to-infinitive is used to show that someone
persuades someone else to do something
E.g. He got his mum to bake him a cake. (He persuaded his mum to
bake him a cake)
 get/have + object + ing form is used to show that someone
made somebody/something start doing something
E.g. Don’t worry. We’ll soon have your car running like new.

EXERCISES

Exercise 21. Write sentences using the Causative form.

1. Liz is at the beauty parlour. The beautician is painting her nails.
What is she doing? 2. He has written a novel and it’s going to be
published. What is he going to do? 3. A jeweller has made a special
wedding ring for Ann. What has Ann done? 4. Her suits are all made by a
tailor. What does she do? 5. They have been burgled three times. Putting
in a burglar alarm would help. What should they do? 6. Tina’s boots have
a hole in them. She can’t wear them until they are mended. What should
she have done? 7. Sonia is going to the optician for an eye test tomorrow.
What is she going to do? 8. Trevor has paid a technician to install his
computer. What has he done? 9. They had arranged for their house to be
cleaned by the end of the week. Now it is clean. What had they done? 10.
The grass has grown too much. What should they have done? 11. His
tooth was filled yesterday. What happened to him? 12. No one has
informed them of the meeting. What should he have done for them?

Exercise 22. Write sentences in the causative form.

1. John will have someone bring him the post. 2. Did Sheila ask the
dressmaker to make her a dress? 3. When will his photographs be
developed? 4. The decorators are decorating her house at the moment. 5.
Your needs to be serviced. 6. The gardener was pruning Bob’s bushes. 7.
The manager had asked the secretary to book a room for him. 8. I paid
someone to fix the roof of my house. 9. Let’s ask the porter to carry the
luggage to the taxi. 10. Larry has got the plastic surgeon to remove his
tattoo. 11. A nurse took her temperature. 12. The make-up artist was
applying the model’s lipstick. 13. Ask the cook to prepare the vegetables.
14. Have you told the accountant to check the figures. 15. Jim hates the
teacher correcting his mistakes. 16. Did the beautician paint her nails?
17. He told the maid to serve breakfast in his room. 18. Dad was late
because the garage had been servicing his car. 19. Pam is going to tell
someone to repair the pipes. 20. My parents’ house was burgled last
Monday. 21. He used to employ a chef who cooked his meals. 22. Does
your mother ask for her shopping to be delivered to her house? 23. Did
you pay an artist to paint a portrait of your family? 24. Do you employ
someone to clean your house? 25. Did you tell the tailor to make a suit for
you?

Exercise 23. Rephrase the following using have, make or get.

1. He insisted that John should finish the report. 2. She asked him to
fix the tap. 3. She persuaded her husband to cut the grass. 4. My teeth
were polished yesterday. 5. He asked the cleaner to make his bed. 6. He
insisted that the gardener should water the flowers. 7. The teacher asked
them to rewrite the exercise. 8. The boss insisted that the secretary
should type the letters. 9. Their new carpets were fitted yesterday. 10.
She persuaded John to help her tidy the room. 11. He finally found a
plumber to mend his toilet. 12. He persuaded his assistant to work late.

Exercise 24. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in

the appropriate form.
1. Eating to much chocolate makes me (to feel) sick. 2. He had his
English lessons (to pay) for by his company. 3. My mother had her skirts
(to shorten). 4. My mother had a dressmaker (to shorten) her skirts. 5.
Tom made Julie (to help) him wash up. 6. I had an old dress (to alter). 7.
Emily got her friend (to help) her move the sofa. 8. I had the optician (to
mend) my glasses. 9. I had my glasses (to mend). 10. Tracy made George
(to wear) his glasses. 11. Nicky and Maria (to tell) her fortune. 12. Joanna
had the maid (to make) her bed.

Exercise 25. Choose the correct word or phrase.

1. Global warming is thought to be caused/is caused by pollution.
2. There are to be estimated/are estimated to be about 5, 400
different species of mammals. 3. It is to be reported/has been
reported that gunshots have been heard in the city centre. 4. The
escaped prisoner is believed to use/to have used a rope to climb the
wall. 5. It is to be calculated/is calculated that about 60% of a man’s
body mass is water. 6. Over 200 people are being understood/are
understood to have been injured in the explosion. 7. It is considered
impolite in some cultures to be eaten/to eat with your left hand. 8.
There mean/were meant to have been 60 crates of olives in the order,
not 600! 9. It/There has been suggested that people who don’t recycle
should pay more tax. 10. Your order is guaranteed will be delivered/to
be delivered within three working days.

Exercise 26. Complete each sentence using the noun in bold and
an appropriate causative form of the verb in bold.
 1. If you don’t understand, (your teacher/explain) it to you again
after the lesson. 2. I was a bit depressed, but watching my kitten play
with a ball of wool soon (me/feel) much better. 3. Don’t bother
redecorating yourself – (a professional/do) it. 4. (our car/steal) was so
annoying because it meant I had to take the tube to work. 5. You won’t
learn as much if you (your parents/help) you with your homework all
the time. 6. The concert started quietly, but the band soon (us
all/dance) to their hit songs. 7. Tell Gordon yourself. Don’t try (me/do)
your dirty work for you. 8. Have you thought about (your hair/cut) s
short as mine? 9. I (Karen/show) me how to juggle with five balls, but I
still couldn’t do it. 10. Have you heard about the problems caused by
students (their essays/write) by companies on the Internet?