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ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES

 About This Notes...
In This Notes, We Will Know About Complete Building
Estimation From Site Cleaning To Project Handover.
This Notes is a field oriented Notes and contains real
examples and a full fledge real project for better
understanding.
After successful completion of this course, you will be
able to Estimate Any Building Project (From Foundation
To Finishing).
 What Is Estimation ?
Estimating is the technique of calculating or computing
the various quantities and the expected Expenditure to be
incurred on a particular work or project. In case the funds
available are less than the estimated cost the work is done
in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered, the
following requirement are necessary for preparing an
estimate.
1. Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important
Components.
2. Detailed specifications about workmanship &
properties of materials etc.
3. Standard schedule of rates for prepare Bill of Quantity.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 1

 Example
HOW TO ORGANIZE TRIP TO MANALI ?
ITEMS DURATION NO. OF BUDGET
ITEMS
TAXI 30 MIN. 1 200
FLIGHT 2 hr. 3 4000
CAB 6 hr. 3 1200
HOTEL 1 day 1 2000
SOLANG 1 day 3 1500
VALLEY
CAB 6 hr 3 1200
FLIGHT 2 hr 3 4000
TAXI 30 min. 1 200

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 2

 NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING
1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its
feasibility can be determined i.e. whether the project could be
taken up with in the funds available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of
the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and
to arrange contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the
execution of work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds
available or not.
PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR
METHOD OF ESTIMATING
Estimating involves the following operations
1. Preparing detailed Estimate.
2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparing abstract of estimate

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 3

 DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN
ESTIMATE
1. Drawings i.e. Plans, elevations, sections etc.
2. Specifications.
3. Rates.
DRAWINGS
If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions
the preparation of estimation become very difficult. So, It is very
essential before preparing an estimate.
SPECIFICATIONS
➢ General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class
and work and materials in general terms to be used in
various parts of wok. It helps no form a general idea of
building.

➢ Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed

description of the various items of work laying down the
Quantities and qualities of materials, their proportions, the
method of preparation workmanship and execution of work.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 4

 RATES
For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work
are required.
1. For arriving at the unit rates of each item.
2. The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.
3. The cost of transport materials.
4. The wages of labour, skilled or unskilled of masons,
carpenters, Mazdoor, etc.,
LUMPSUM:
While preparing an estimate, it is not possible to workout in
detail in case of petty items. Items other than civil engineering
such items are called lumpsum items or simply L.S. Items.
The following are some of L.S. Items in the estimate.
1. Water supply and sanitary arrangements.
2. Electrical installations like meter, motor, etc.,
3. Architectural features.
4. Contingencies and unforeseen items. In general, certain
percentage on the cost of estimation is allotted for the above
L.S.Items

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 5

 WORK CHARGED ESTABLISHMENT:
During the construction of a project considerable number of
skilled supervisors, work assistance, watch men etc., are
employed on temporary basis. The salaries of these persons are
drawn from the L.S. amount allotted towards the work charged
establishment. that is, establishment which is charged directly to
work. an L.S. amount of 1½ to 2% of the estimated cost is
provided towards the work charged establishment.
UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS:
The units of measurements are mainly categorized for their
nature, shape and size and for making payments to the contractor
and also. The principle of units of measurements normally
consists the following:
➢ Single units work like doors, windows, trusses etc., are
expressed in numbers.
➢ Works consists linear measurements involve length like
cornice, fencing, hand rail, bands of specified width etc., are
expressed in running meters (RM)
➢ Works consists area surface measurements involve area
like plastering, white washing, partitions of specified
thickness etc., are expressed in square meters (m2 )
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 6
 ➢ Works consists cubical contents which involve volume like
earth work, cement concrete, Masonry etc are expressed in
Cubic meters.
RULES FOR MEASUREMENT
The rules for measurement of each item are invariably described in
IS1200. However some of the general rules are listed below.
➢ Measurement shall be made for finished item of work and
description of each item shall include materials, transport,
labour, fabrication tools and plant and all types of overheads
for finishing the work in required shape, size and
specification.
➢ In booking, the order shall be in sequence of length, breadth
and height or thickness.
➢ All works shall be measured subject to the following
tolerances.
i) Linear measurement shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m.
ii)Areas shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 sq.m
iii) Cubic contents shall be worked-out to the nearest 0.01 cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 7

 Same type of work under different conditions and nature shall be
measured separately under separate items.
➢ The bill of quantities shall fully describe the materials,
proportions, workmanships and accurately represent the
work to be executed. 6. In case of masonry (stone or brick)
or structural concrete, the categories shall be measured
separately and the heights shall be described:
➢ a) from foundation to plinth level
➢ b) from plinth level to First floor level
➢ c) from Fist floor to Second floor level and so on…

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 8

 Process of Estimation
ESTIMATION SOR BOQ

ITEMS (QTY.) RATES AMOUNT

(IN RS)
Calculation Of Quantity
CALCULATION MODE OF UNITS OF
PATTERN MEASUREMENTS MEASUREMENTS
Volume LXBXH Cum
Area LXB;LXH Sqm
Enumerated Qty. No./Pcs Each
Running Meter Meter M
Mass M=V X Density Kg

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 9

 DETAILED ESTIMATE:
The preparation of detailed estimate consists of working out
quantities of various items of work and then determine the cost of
each item. This is prepared in two stages.
❖ Details of measurements and calculation of quantities:
The complete work is divided into various items of work such as
earth work concreting, brick work, R.C.C. Plastering etc., The
details of measurements are taken from drawings and entered in
respective columns of prescribed proforma given below…
Details of measurements
S.No. form
Description No. of Length Width Height Total
Items (m) (m) (m)

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 10

 ❖ Abstract of Estimated Cost :
The cost of each item of work is worked out from the quantities
that already computed in the details measurement form at
workable rate. But the total cost is worked out in the prescribed
form is known as abstract of estimated form
Abstract of Estimate Form
S.No. Code Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount
No.

The detailed estimate should accompanied with

➢ Report
➢ Specification
➢ Drawings (plans, elevation, sections)
➢ Design charts and calculations
➢ Standard schedule of rates.
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 11
 Construction Process of the Building Items
SITE CLEANING
The process of site cleaning is much more complicated than a
typical cleaning job due to the nature of the materials being
removed from the work site. There will grass, trees, vegetation,
disposal & unserviceable materials are in the site, so these items
are to be cleaned before construction process is to be done.
In site cleaning measurements are done in area (sqm) up to two
decimal places, & take 1m extra in all direction for site cleaning.
S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
Site Cleaning 1 =Length Of =Width Of =No. Of Items *
The The -------- length*width
Plot+1m+1m Plot+1m+1m

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 12

 Site Before Cleaning

Taking 1m Extra Taking 1m Extra

in all sides. in all sides.

Taking 1m Extra
in all sides.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 13

 EXCAVATION
➢ Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other
materials with tools, equipment or explosives.
➢ All excavation operations shall include excavation and getting
out the excavated materials. The excavation shall conform to
the lines & levels shown in the drawings.
➢ Excavation can be done by mechanical or manual means as
per choice/ ease of contractor and conditions of site.
➢ Excavation where directed by the Engineer-in-Charge shall be
securely fenced and provided with proper caution signs,
conspicuously displayed during the day and properly
illuminated with red lights during the night to avoid accidents.
➢ Pumping out of water during excavation shall be measured in
cum and shall be payable one time for the entire operation of
excavation. Height for calculating volume shall be based on
the difference of water level and the bottom level of the
excavated pit.
➢ Excavation can be calculated in (cum) up to three decimal
places as per given drawing or modified dimensions, & take
extra 100mm in all each side.
➢ Any damages done by the contractor to any existing work
shall be made good by him at his own cost.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 14

 Burjis : Short pillars of brick/ stone having top surface
finished with cement plaster for marking etc.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 15

 Length

Height
Width

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 16

 Example
Q. If Footing Size is
1. F1 = 1.8m x 1.8m, No. of footing is 16
2. F2 = 1.5m x 1.5m, No. of Footing is 8
Calculate the Quantity of Excavation for 2m Depth.

S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total

Item

Excavation No. Of =Length Of =Width Of Height Of =No. Of

Footing The Footing The Footing The Items*length
+0.1m+0.1m +0.1m+0.1m Excavation *width
*height

F1 16 =1.8+0.1+0.1 =1.8+0.1+0.1 2 =No. Of

Items*length
*width
*height

F2 8 =1.5+0.1+0.1 =1.5+0.1+0.1 2 =No. Of

Items*length
*width
*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 17

 SAND FILLING
➢ Sand filling is done in footing we can’t place concrete
directly on the earth soil because it affects the mix design.
➢ If the footing is placed directly on the earth surface, if small
amount of vibration on the earth (during an earthquake) will
make structure collapse. Sand is minimizing the resistance.
➢ Calculating quantity of sand filling in volume unit is in
(cum).
➢ We have done sand filling 4” to 8”. (i.e. =100mm to 200mm
height).

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 18

 Sand Filling
& Pcc

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 19

 Example
Q. If Footing Size is
1. F1 = 1.8m x 1.8m, No. of footing is 16
2. F2 = 1.5m x 1.5m, No. of Footing is 8
Calculate the Quantity of Sand Filling for 4 inch(0.1m)
Thickness.
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item

Sand Filling No. Of =Length Of =Width Of Thickness =No. Of

Footing The Footing The Footing of Items*length
+0.1m+0.1m +0.1m+0.1m Sand filling *width
*height

F1 16 =1.8+0.1+0.1 =1.8+0.1+0.1 0.1 =No. Of

Items*length
*width
*height

F2 8 =1.5+0.1+0.1 =1.5+0.1+0.1 0.1 =No. Of

Items*length
*width
*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 20

 PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE
➢ PCC is done below footing for provide footing
hard base when we apply foam work it make
stable base.
➢ Pcc height is taken 4” to 6” (i.e., 0.1m to 0.15m)
➢ volume of PCC Calculate in (cum).

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 21

 Prepare of Excel Sheet
Q. If Footing Size is
1. F1 = 1.8m x 1.8m, No. of footing is 16
2. F2 = 1.5m x 1.5m, No. of Footing is 8
Calculate the Quantity of Plain Cement Concrete for 4 inch
(0.1m) Thickness.
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item

P.C.C. No. Of =Length Of =Width Of Thickness =No. Of

Footing The Footing The Footing of Items*length
+0.1m+0.1m +0.1m+0.1m P.C.C. *width
*height

F1 16 =1.8+0.1+0.1 =1.8+0.1+0.1 0.1 =No. Of

Items*length
*width
*height

F2 8 =1.5+0.1+0.1 =1.5+0.1+0.1 0.1 =No. Of

Items*length
*width
*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 22

 FOOTING CONCRETE
Footing is one of the most important parts of a structure which
transfer loads of the structure to the underlying soil. The selection
of footing depends upon the following steps.
➢The depth of the soil at which safe bearing strength exists.
➢The type and condition of soil.
➢The type of super structure.
❖Their are two types of foundation.
➢Shallow foundation
➢Deep foundation
1.Shallow foundation :- In this foundation depth is less then or
equal to width.
e.g.:- rectangle footing, trapezoidal footing, step footing,
strap footing, combined footing, mat/raft.
1.Deep foundation :- In this foundation depth is more then its
width.
e.g. :- pile footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 23

 FOUNDATION

SHALLOW DEEP
FOUNDATION FOUNDATION

Pile Pier Caisson

Foundation Foundation Foundation

ISOLATED
WALL COMBINED Raft or Mat
SPRED Strap Footing
FOOTING
FOOTING FOOTING Foundation

Types of Shallow Foundation

1. Isolated Spread Footing
This is the most widely recognized and most
straightforward shallow foundation type, as this is
the most economical type. They are typically
utilized for shallow establishments to convey and
spread concentrated burdens caused, for instance,
by pillars or columns. They are generally used for
ordinary buildings
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 24
 The followings are the types of spread footing
1. Single pad footing.

2. Stepped footing for a column.

3. Sloped footing for a column.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 25

 2. Wall Footing or Strip footing
Wall footing is also known as continuous footing. This type is
used to distribute loads of structural or non- structural load-
bearing walls to the ground in such a way that the load-bearing
limit of the soil isn't outperformed. It runs along the direction
of the wall. The width of the Wall foundation is usually 2-3
times the width of the wall.
The wall footing is a continuous slab strip along the length of
the wall. Stone, brick, reinforced concrete, etc. are used for the
construction of wall foundations.
• On account of block walls, the footing comprises a few
courses of bricks, the least course being generally double the
expansiveness of the wall above.
• On account of stone masonry wall, the counterbalances could
be 15 cm, with the statues of the course as 30 cm. Along these
lines, the size of footings is marginally more than that of the
block divider footings.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 26

 3. Combined Footing
The combined footing is very similar to the isolated footing.
When the columns of the structure are carefully placed, or the
bearing capacity of the soil is low and their footing overlap
each other, combined footing is provided. It is fundamentally a
blend of different footings, which uses the properties of various
balances in a single footing dependent on the necessity of the
structure.
The foundations which are made common to more than one
column are called combined footings. There are different types
of combined footing, including slab type, slab and beam type,
rectangular, raft, and strap beam type. They may be square, tee-
shaped, or trapezoidal. The main objective is the uniform
distribution of loads under the entire area of footing, for this is
necessary to coincide with the center of gravity of the footing
area with the center of gravity of the total loads.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 27

 4. Strap Footing
Strap footings are similar to combined footings. Reasons for
considering or choosing strap footing are identical to the combined
one.
In strap footing, the foundation under the columns is built
individually and connected by a strap beam. Generally, when the
edge of the footing cannot be extended beyond the property line,
the exterior footing is connected by a strap beam with interior
footing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 28

 5. Raft or Mat Foundation
Raft or Mat foundations are used where other shallow or pile
foundations are not suitable. It is also recommended in
situations where the bearing capacity of the soil is inadequate,
the load of the structure is to be distributed over a large area or
structure is subjected continuously to shocks or jerks
Raft foundation consists of a reinforced concrete slab or T-
beam slab placed over the entire area of the structure. In this
type, the whole basement floor slab acts as the foundation. The
total load of the structure is spread evenly over the entire area
of the structure. This is called raft/ Mat footing.
Raft Footing : when footing depth is greater then 450 mm then
it is called raft footing.
Mat Footing : when footing depth is range is lie in between
300 mm - 450 mm then it is called Mat footing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 29

 Deep Foundations:
Types of Deep Foundation
1. Pile Foundation
Pile is a common type of deep foundation. They are used to
reduce cost, and when as per soil condition considerations, it is
desirable to transmit loads to soil strata which are beyond the
reach of shallow foundations.
Pile is a slender member with a small cross-sectional area
compared to its length. It is used to transmit foundation loads to a
deeper soil or rock strata when the bearing capacity of soil near
the surface is relatively low. Pile transmits load either by skin
friction or bearing. Piles are also used to resist structures against
uplift and provide structures stability against lateral and
overturning forces.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 30

 Pile foundations are economic when
• Soil with great bearing capacity is at a greater depth.
• When there are chances of construction of irrigation canals in
the nearby area.
• When it is very expensive to provide raft or grillage.
• When the foundation is subjected to a heavily concentrated
load.
• In marshy places.
• When the topsoil layer is compressible in nature.
• In the case of bridges, when the scouring is more in the river
bed.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 31

 2. Pier Foundation
Pier is an underground structure that transmits a more massive
load, which cannot be carried by shallow foundations. It is
usually shallower than piles. The pier foundation is generally
utilized in multi-story structures. Since the base region is
determined by the plan strategy for the regular establishment,
the single pier load test is wiped out. Along these lines, it is
increasingly well known under tight conditions.
Pier Foundation is a cylindrical structural member that transfer
heavy load from superstructure to the soil by end bearing.
Unlike piles, it can only transfer load by bearing and by not
skin friction.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 32

 3. Caisson Foundation
Caisson Foundation is a watertight retaining structure used as a
bridge pier, construction of the dam, etc. It is generally used in
structures that require foundation beneath a river or similar water
bodies. The reason for choosing the caisson is that it can be
floated to the desired location and then sunk into place.
Caisson foundation is a ready-made hollow cylinder depressed
into the soil up to the desired level and then filled with concrete,
which ultimately converts to a foundation. It is mostly used as
bridge piers. Caissons are sensitive to construction procedures
and lack construction expertise.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 33

 Trapezoidal
Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 34

 Volume Of Trapezoidal Footing
In This Footing The Concrete Volume Is Calculated In Two Steps
➢ First We Calculated Volume Of Rectangle (L*b*h)
➢ Secondly We Calculated Volume Of Trapezoidal Part
Where,
D/3*(A1+A2+√A1*A2)
D= Depth Of Trapezoidal Part,
A1= Area Of Rectangle Part/Ar. Of Trapezoidal Bottom Part
A2= Ar. Of Trapezoidal Top Part
S.NO DESCRIPTION NO. OF LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT TOTAL
ITEM
FOOTING
CONCRETE
(M-25)

F1 NO. OF =LENGTH OF =WIDTH OF DEPTH OF THE

FOOTING THE FOOTING THE FOOTING FOOTING

RECTANGLE 16 1.8 1.8 0.25 =NO. OF ITEMS

*LENGTH * WIDTH
* HEIGHT
TRAPEZOIDAL 16 =COLUMN =COLUMN DEPTH OF THE
LENGTH WIDTH TRAPEZOIDAL X
+0.1+0.1 +0.1+1 PART

X =NO. OF FOOTING*(D/3)*((REC. LENGTH*REC. WIDTH)+(TRAPE. LENGTH*TRAPE.WIDTH)

+SQRT(REC. LENGTH*REC. WIDTH* TRAP. LENGTH*TRAP. WIDTH))

SAME PATTERN FOLLOW FOR REST OF THE FOOTING

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 35

 Footing Shuttering
➢In footing foam work we calculate area in sqm.
➢Footing foam work is provided for concrete is not come
outside the footing area.
➢We calculated four side of footing & multiplied by the height
of footing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 36

 Prepare of Excel Sheet
Q. If Footing Size is
1. F1 = 1.8m x 1.8m, No. of footing is 16
2. F2 = 1.5m x 1.5m, No. of Footing is 8
Assume, Depth of F1 & F2 Footing is 0.25m & 0.2m respectively.
Calculate the Quantity of Footing Shuttering.

S.No Description No. Of Item Length Width Height Total

Footing No. Of Footing Sum Of All Height Of The =No. Of
Shuttering Sides Footing Items*length
=2* (l+b) *Height

F1 16 =2* (1.8+1.8) 0.25 =No. Of

Items*length
*height

F2 8 =2* (1.5+1.5) 0.2 =No. Of

Items*length
*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 37

 Pedestal Column Concrete
➢ In Pedestal Column Also Calculate Volume In (Cum).
➢ Pedestal Column Is Footing Base Up To Natural Ground Level.
➢ Column Dimension Is Provided In Your Drawing (For Ex.
250mm*400mm)
➢ Dimension Of Pedestal Column Is Given In The Drawing.
➢ *Height Is Calculated As
➢ (Total Excavated Ht.-Sand Filling Ht.- Pcc Ht.- Footing Ht.)

Pedestal Column

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 38

 Q. If Column Size Size is
1. F1C1 = 0.25m x 0.4m, No. of Column is 16
2. F2C1 = 0.25m x 0.4m, No. of Column is 4
3. F2C2 = 0.25m x 0.4m, No. of Column is 4
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Pedestal No. Of =Length Of =Width Of Height =No. Of
Column Column The The Column Of The Items*length
Concrete Column Column *width*height
F1c1 16 0.25 0.4 1.4 =No. Of
Items*length
*width*height
F2c1 4 0.25 0.4 1.5 =No. Of
Items*length
*width*height
F2c2 4 0.25 0.4 1.5 =No. Of
Items*length
*width*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 39

 Pedestal Column Shuttering
➢ Pedestal column shuttering area is to be calculated by the total
contact surface of the concrete is to be poured.
➢ So we calculate by (sum of all sides of column * ht. Of
pedestal column.
➢ Height is calculated as (Total excavated ht.-sand filling ht.-
PCC ht.- footing ht.)

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 40

 S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item

Pedestal No. Of =Length Of =Width Of Height Of

Column Column The Column The Column The
Shuttering Column

=No. Of
F1c1 16 =2*(0.25+0.4) 1.4 Items*length
*height
1.5
=No. Of
F2c1 4 =2*(0.25+0.4) Items*length
*height

F2c2 =No. Of
4 =2*(0.25+0.4) 1.5 Items*length
*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 41

 Backfilling
➢ Backfilling is calculating in volume (cum).
➢ In backfilling, soil is more compacted & tightly bound when we
excavated the soil is in loose condition due to air voids that by
its volume increase up to 40% .
➢ *Total backfilling calculation = total excavated qty. – sand
filling qty. – pcc qty. – footing concrete qty. –pedestal column
qty.
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item

Backfilling *

BACKFILLING

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 42

 One Line Brick Work Beam For Ground Beam
One Line Brick Work Is Provided Below The Ground Beam, It
Provides Stable Base For Beam & Save Our Water Cement Ratio
Of Ground Beam, which Is Absorb By The Soil.

L x B x H

Clear Span Beam Width

0.1m(Ht. of one brick)
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 43
 S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
One Line Brick Clear Beam Thickness of brick
Work for Span Width 0.1
Ground beam
GB1 Beam
No. L Width 0.1 =No. Of Items *length
* Width
*height
GB2 Beam 0.1
L Width =No. Of Items *length
No. * Width
*height
. Beam 0.1 =No. Of Items *length
SO ON No. L Width * Width
*height

One Line Brick Work For

Ground Beam

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 44
 Ground Beam Concrete
Ground beam is the beam, which is usually provided at the
foundation level to support walls of the building etc.
Ground beam directly rested on the Natural ground level.

L x B x H

Clear Span
Beam Width Beam Depth
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 45

 S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Ground Clear Beam Width Beam =No. Of Items*length *
beam Span Depth Width
Concrete *height
GB1 No. L Beam Width Beam =No. Of Items*length *
Depth Width
*height
GB2 No. L Beam Width Beam =No. Of Items*length *
Depth Width
*height
. L Beam Width Beam =No. Of Items*length *
SO ON No. Depth Width
*height

Ground Beam
Concrete

Pedestal Column N.G.L

Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 46

 Ground Beam Shuttering
2L x H

Clear Span Beam Depth

L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
➢ Ground Beam shuttering is used as a mold for a structure in
which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
➢ It is placed in both the faces of the concrete.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 47

 S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Ground Clear Span Beam Depth
beam
Shuttering
GB1 No. 2XL Beam Depth =No. Of Items*length
*height
GB2 No. 2XL Beam Depth =No. Of Items*length
*height
. 2XL Beam Depth =No. Of Items*length
SO ON No. *height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 48

 Brick work up to D.P.C bottom
L x B x H

Clear Span Beam Width

Total Plinth Level Ht.- One Line Brick Work
Ht. – Ground Beam Concrete Ht. – D.P.C Ht.

L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 49

 S.No Descriptio No. Of Length Width Height Total
n Item
Brick work Clear Beam Total Plinth Level Ht =No. Of
up to D.P.C Span Width .- One Line Brick Work Items*length * Width
Ht. – Ground Beam
bottom Concrete Ht. –D.P.C Ht. *height
GB1 No. L Beam =No. Of
Width Same as Above Items*length * Width
*height
GB2 No. L Beam Same as Above =No. Of
Width Items*length * Width
*height
. No. L Beam Same as Above =No. Of
SO ON Width Items*length * Width
*height

Brick work up to D.P.C

Bottom

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 50

 Damp Proof Course
➢ Damp proof course is provided in the structure to resist water
as a seepage in the building structure.
➢ DPC works as a barrier through the structure designed to
prevent moisture rising by capillary action.
➢ The thickness of damp proof course is 50mm. Provided in sub
structure part of the building to safe our walls from seepage.
➢ Providing and laying damp proof course (up to 50mm thick)
with plain cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4
graded crushed stone aggregate 20mm nominal size.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 51

 L x B x H

Clear Span Beam Width

0.05 m
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum
➢ In Some Schedule of rates it will be calculated in Sqm so
height is not measured in this case only length & width is
taken.
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Damp Proof Clear Beam
Course Span Width 50 mm =No. Of Items*length
* Width
*height
GB1 No. L Beam 0.05
Width =No. Of Items*length
* Width
*height
GB2 L Beam 0.05
No. Width =No. Of Items*length
* Width
*height
. No. L Beam 0.05 =No. Of Items*length
Width * Width
SO ON *height
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 52
 Bitumen Coat
Applying A Coat Of Hot Bitumen On Damp Proof Course After
Cleaning The Surface With Brushes & Finally With A Piece Of
Cloth Lightly Soaked In Kerosene Oil.

Damp proof course &

Bitumen Coat

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 53
 L x B

Clear Span Beam Width

L X B = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Bitumen Clear Beam =No. Of Items*length *
Coat Span Width Width

GB1 No. L Beam Width =No. Of Items*length *

Width

GB2 No. L Beam Width =No. Of Items*length *

Width

. Beam Width =No. Of Items*length *

. No. L Width
SO ON

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 54

 Plinth Filling
➢ Plinth Filling Is Done To Achieve The Plinth Level
➢ Providing And Filling In Plinth With Sand/ Crusher Dust And
Hard Moorum Under Floor In Layers Not Exceeding 20cm In
Depth Consolidating Each Deposited Layer By Ramming
And Watering, Including Dressing Etc.
➢ If The Plinth Height Is 900mm So We Have To Fill Up To
Floor Pcc Bottom Thickness.
➢ For Ex.:- Plinth Ht. 900mm Floor Pcc 100 Mm So We Have
To Fill Up To 800mm.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 55

 L x B x H
Internal Length Of The Area
(i.e., Length In X- Direction)
Internal Width Of The Area
(i.e., Length In Y- Direction)
L X B X H = Volume Plinth Level Ht. – Floor P.C.C Ht.
Unit of measurement = Cum
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Plinth X- Y- Plinth ht. – Floor =No. Of
Filling Direction Direction PCC ht Items*length *
Width
*height
A1 No. Plinth ht. – Floor =No. Of
L B PCC ht Items*length *
Width
*height
A2 Plinth ht. – Floor =No. Of
No. L B PCC ht Items*length *
Width
*height
. Plinth ht. – Floor =No. Of
. No. L B PCC ht Items*length *
SO ON Width
*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 56

 Ground Beam Layout Plan.

Ground Beam Layout Plan after distribution Area of filling mark.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 57
 Area A2

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 58

 Area A3

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 59

 Area A4
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 60
 Area A5

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 61

 Area A6

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 62

 7

Area A7
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 63
 Area A8

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 64

 Area A9 Area A10 Area A11

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 65

 Floor P.C.C.
➢ Floor P.C.C. Is Provided Over The Plinth Filling To Provided
Hard Base In The Floor So We Can Easily Connect Vertical
Props For Casting Of Slab Because We Can Give Hard Base
For Props.

Floor Pcc

It Provides Hard Strata

L x B x H

Internal Length Of The Plinth Level Ht. – Plinth Filling

Area (i.e., Length In X- ht.
Direction) Internal Width Of The Area
(i.e., Length In Y- Direction)
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 66
 S.N Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
o Item
Plinth ht. – Floor PCC
Floor PCC X- Y- Direction ht =No. Of Items*length
Direction * Width
*height

A1 Plinth ht. – Plinth

No. L B Filling ht =No. Of Items*length
* Width
*height

A2 Plinth ht. – Plinth

L B Filling ht =No. Of Items*length
No. * Width
*height

. Plinth ht. – Plinth =No. Of Items*length

. L B Filling ht * Width
. No. *height
.
SO ON

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 67

 Column Concrete For Sub-Structure.

400 mm
Section A-A
250 mm

Plinth Level
Sub – Structure
Column A A

N.GL.
Pedestal Column
Below the Ground
Level Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 68

 L x B x H

Length of Column N.G.L to plinth level

e.g. (0.25m) Width of Column height e.g.(0.9m)
e.g.(0.4m)
As per previous Data
S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
Column No. Of =Length =Width Of N.G.L to =No. Of
Concrete for Colum Of The The plinth Items*length
Sub- n Column Column level *width*heig
Structure Part height ht
C1 No. 0.25 0.4 Same =No. Of
As Items*length
Above *width*heig
ht
C2 No. 0.25 0.4 Same =No. Of
As Items*length
Above *width*heig
ht

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 69

 Column Shuttering For Sub-Structure
L x H

2x( L + B ) 0.9 m

Width of the column

Length of the column e.g. 0.4 m Height of the column
e.g. 0.25 m e.g. 0.9 m
L X H = Area (N.G.L TO PLINTH LEVEL HEIGHT)
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Column No. Of = 2 * (Length N.G.L =No. Of
Shuttering for Colum + Width) to plinth Items
Sub- n level *length
Structure Part height *height
=No. Of
0.9 Items
C1 No. =2*(0.25+0.4) *length
*height
.. .. .. ..
So on So on So on So on

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 70

 Column Concrete For Super-Structure.
Column is a compression member, woks as the load which carry
by the beam is to be transfer by column to footing .

L x B x H

Length of Column Plinth level To Slab Level

e.g. (0.25m) Width of Column e.g.(3 m)
e.g.(0.4m)

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 71

 Super – Structure
Column

Sub – Structure Plinth Level

Column

N.GL.
Below the Ground Pedestal Column
Level
Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 72

 S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
20 Column No. Of =Length =Width Of Plinth =No. Of
Concrete for Colum Of The The level Items*length
Super- n Column Column To *width
Structure Part Slab *height
level
C1 No. 0.25 0.4 3 =No. Of
Items*length
*width
*height
C2 No. 0.25 0.4 Same =No. Of
As Items*length
Above *width
*height

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 73

 Column Shuttering For Super-Structure.
L x H

2x( L + B ) 3m
Height of the column
e.g. 3 m
Length of the column ( Plinth Level Ht. To Slab Level Ht.)
e.g. 0.25 m
Width of the column
L X H = Area e.g. 0.4 m
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Column No. Of = 2 * (Length Plinth =No. Of
Shuttering for Colum + Width) level Items
Sub- n To *length
Structure Part Slab *height
level
=No. Of
C1 No. =2*(0.25+0.4) 3 Items
*length
*height
So on So on .So on ..So on

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 74

 Items For Super-Structure.
SLAB

BRICK WORK UP TO
SLAB BEAM SLAB BEAM BOTTOM
LINTEL BEAM

COLUMN
COLUMN
BRICK WORK UP TO
LINTEL LEVEL

SILL BAND

DAMP PROOF COURSE

BRICK WORK UP TO
SILL BAND BOTTOM ONE LINE BRICK WORK
FOR SUPER STRUCTURE

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 75

 Important Note For Super- structure Work
Brick Work Measurement is classified as per CPWD Norms.
➢ Brick work shall be measured in cubic metres unless otherwise
specified. Any extra work over the specified dimensions shall
be ignored. Dimensions shall be measured correct to the
nearest 0.01 m i.e. 1 cm.
➢Areas shall be calculated to the nearest 0.01 sq mtrs and the
cubic contents shall be worked out to the nearest 0.01 cubic
metres.
➢Brick work shall be measured separately in the following
stages:
(a) From foundation to floor one level (Plinth level)
(b) Plinth (floor one) level to floor two level
(c) Between two specified floor levels above floor two level
➢Walls half brick thick and less shall each be measured
separately in square metres stating thickness.
➢Walls beyond half brick thickness shall be measured in
multiples of half brick which shall be deemed to be inclusive
of mortar joints. For the sizes of bricks in, half brick
thickness shall mean 100 mm for modular and 115 mm for
non-modular bricks.
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 76
 One Line Brick Work For Super-Structure
➢ This brick work is to construct to layout of the wall. To give
200mm or 100mm wall specification. This wall length is equal
to the length of ground beam and ground beam carry this load,
width is for 200 mm wall is 0.2m & for 100mm wall is 0.1m.
➢ Height is one brick height i.e. 0.1 m.
➢ Volume deduction of door & window affected in our wall.
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x B x H

Wall Width Height of one Brick

Clear Span (0.2m) 4 inch = 0.1m

L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 77

 S.No Description No. Of Item Length Width Height Total

one Line Brick

Work for Super-
Structure
For 200 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear Span 0.2 0.1 =No. Of
. Items*length
So On *width*height

Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the

Doors present in the Drawing.

One line Brick Work for Super – Structure.

Opening Part of the Door.

Pedestal Column
N.G.L
Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 78

 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

Clear Span Height of one Brick

L X H = Area 4 inch = 0.1m
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
one Line Brick Work
for Super-Structure
For 100 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear ------- 0.1 =No. Of
. Span Items*length
So On *height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.
➢Walls half brick thick and less shall each be measured
separately in square metres stating thickness.
➢Walls beyond half brick thickness shall be measured in
multiples of half brick which shall be deemed to be inclusive
of mortar joints. For the sizes of bricks in, half brick
thickness shall mean 100 mm for modular and 115 mm for
non-modular bricks.
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 79
 Damp Proof Course For Super-Structure
DPC is also again given in the superstructure part also
because water used in floor for cleaning is absorb by brick
work they also give seepage on the wall due to capillary
action.
➢ The thickness of DPC is 50mm.
➢ Length is equal to the ground beam & width is depend upon
wall specification.
➢ Volume deduction of door & window affected in our wall.
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x B x H

Clear Span Wall Width Height of one Brick

(0.2m) 1” – 2” inch = 0.025m – 0.05 m
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 80

 S.N Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
o Item
20 Damp Proof
Course
For 200 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear 0.2 0.05 =No. Of
. Span Items*length
So On *width*height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

Damp proof course for Super - Structure

Opening Part of the Door.

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 81

 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

Clear Span Height of one Brick

1” – 2” inch = 0.025m – 0.05 m
L X B X H = Cum
Unit of measurement = Cum
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
20 Damp Proof
Course
For 100 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear 0.1 0.05 =No. Of
. Span Items*length
So On *width*height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 82

 Brick Work up to Sill Band Bottom
Brickwork up to sill level is provided above the dpc for super
structure
➢ Its height is just below of sill band
➢ If the sill height is given 900 mm, so we have to calculate
(Total ht. – one line brick work ht. – DPC thickness. – sill band
thickness).
➢ Length is equal to the ground beam length, width is depend
upon the specification of the wall.
➢ Volume deduction of door & window affected in our wall.
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x B x H
Clear Span Wall Width
(0.2m)
( Total sill level height – one line brick work height- D.P.C. Height
– Sill band concrete height )
e.g.= 0.9-0.1-0.05-0.1 = 0.65m
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 83
 S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
Brick work up to
sill band bottom
For 200 mm
Wall
GB1 No. Clear Span 0.2 0.9-0.1-0.05-0.1 =No. Of
. Items*length
So On of opening part in this case Count*width*height
Deduction all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

Brick work up to Sill Band bottom

Opening Part of the Door.

N.G.L
Pedestal Column
Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 84

 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

Clear Span
( Total sill level height – one line brick work height- D.P.C.
Height – Sill band concrete height )
e.g.= 0.9-0.1-0.05-0.1 = 0.65m
L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
Brick work up to
sill band bottom
For 100 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear Span ---- 0.9-0.1-0.05-0.1 =No. Of
. Items*length
So On *height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 85

 Sill Band Concrete
➢ Sill band is to resist the load of the window.
➢ We also give sill band to give part by part construction of the
wall due to higher strength.
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x B x H

Clear Span Wall Width 0.1 m

(0.2m)

L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 86

 S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Sill Band
Concrete
For 200 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear =No. Of
. Span 0.2 0.1 Items*length
So On *width*height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

Sill Band

Opening Part of the Door.

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 87

 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

Clear Span 0.1 m

L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Sill Band Concrete

For 100 mm Wall

GB1 No. Clear =No. Of
. Span 0.1 0.1 Items*length
So On *width*height

Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the

Doors present in the Drawing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 88

 Sill Band Shuttering
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x H

2xL 0.1m
L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Sill Band
CONCRETE
For 200 mm
Wall
GB1 No. 2 x Clear =No. Of
. Span 0.1 Items*length
So On *height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 89

 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

2xL 0.1m
L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Sill Band
Concrete
For 100 mm
Wall
GB1 No. 2 x Clear 0.1 =No. Of
. Span Items*length
So On *height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 90

 Brick Work up to Lintel Level
➢ Substructure brickwork involves the construction of
brickwork below ground height at foundation level, and is a
vital part of stabilizing a building and giving the overall
structure strength
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x B x H

Clear Span Wall Width

(0.2m)
( Total lintel level height – Total sill level height)
e.g.= 2.1-0.9 = 1.2m
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 91

 S.N Description No. Length Width Height Total
o Of
Item
Brick work up to
Lintel Level
For 200 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear Span 0.2 2.1-0.9 =No. Of
. Items*length
So On *width*height

Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the

Doors & Window present in the Drawing.
Brick work up to Lintel Level
Opening Part of the Door.

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 92
 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

Clear Span
( Total lintel level height – Total sill level height)
e.g.= 2.1-0.9 = 1.2m
L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
Brick work up to
Lintel Level
For 100 mm Wall
GB1 =No. Of
. No. Clear Span ---- 2.1-0.9 Items*length
So On *height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors & Window present in the Drawing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 93

 Lintel beam Concrete
A lintel is a beam placed across the openings like doors, windows
etc. in buildings to support the load from the structure above. The
width of lintel beam is equal to the width of wall, and the ends of
it is built into the wall.
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x B x H

Clear Span Wall Width 0.2 m

(0.2m)
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 94

 S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Lintel Beam
Concrete
For 200 mm
Wall
GB1 No. Clear 0.2 0.2 =No. Of
. Span Items*length
So On *width*height

There is no Deduction because any opening part is

not effect the length of Lintel beam concrete

Lintel Beam

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 95
 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x B x H

Clear Span 0.1 m 0.2 m

L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Lintel Beam
Concrete
For 100 mm Wall
GB1 No. Clear =No. Of
. Span 0.1 0.2 Items*length
So On *width*height

There is no Deduction because any opening part is not

effect the length of Lintel beam concrete

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 96

 Lintel beam Shuttering
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x H

2 x Clear Span 0.2 m

L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Of Length Width Height Total
Item
Lintel Beam
Shuttering
For 200 mm Wall
GB1 No. 2 x Clear Span 0.2 =No. Of
. Items*length
So On *height
Addition of Bottom part of Door & Window

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 97

 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

Clear Span 0.2 m

L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
Lintel Beam
Shuttering
For 100 mm Wall
GB1 No. 2 x Clear Span 0.2 =No. Of
. Items*length
So On *height
Addition of Bottom part of Door & Window

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 98

 Brick Work up to Slab Beam Bottom
(a) For 200 mm Wall
L x B x H

Clear Span Wall Width

(0.2m)
( Total Slab level height – lintel level height – Lintel Beam
Height – Slab beam concrete Height
i.e. ( 3m-2.1m – 0.2m – 0.35m)
L X B X H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 99

 S.No Description No. Length Widt Height Total
Of h
Item
Brick work up to
Slab Beam
Bottom
For 200 mm Wall
GB1 =No. Of
. No. Clear Span 0.2 3 – 2.1 – 0.2 – 0.35 Items*length
So On *width*height

Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the

Doors present in the Drawing.

Brick Work up to Slab Beam Concrete

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 100
 (b) For 100 mm Wall
L x H

Clear Span
( Total Slab level height – lintel level height – Lintel Beam
Height – Slab beam concrete Height
i.e. ( 3m-2.1m – 0.2m – 0.35m)
L X H = Area
Unit of measurement = Sqm
S.No Description No. Length Width Height Total
Of
Item
Brick work up to
Slab Beam
bottom
For 100 mm Wall
GB1 =No. Of
. No. Clear Span ---- 3 – 2.1 -0.2 – 0.35 Items*length
So On *height
Deduction of opening part in this case Count all the
Doors present in the Drawing.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 101

 Slab Beam Concrete
E.g. Size 250 X 350 mm
1. No. of Ground Beam is equals to No. of Slab beam
2. Please Check the drawing, chances of extra beam is coming in
the drawing .
3. Terminology used for Slab Beam is SB1, SB2, SB3
L X B X H

Clear Span Slab beam Slab beam

Width 0.25m Depth 0.35m

L x B x H = Volume
Unit of measurement = Cum

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 102

 Slab Beam Concrete

N.G.L
Pedestal Column

Footing

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 103

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 104
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 105
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 106
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 107
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 108
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 109
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 110
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 111
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 112
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 113
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 114
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 115
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 116
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 117
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 118
 Plastering Work
According to CPWD norms or IS : 1200, plaster is to be
categorise in three steps:
➢ 6mm plaster is given on concrete surface.
➢ 12mm plaster is given on smooth surface (smooth surface
are those surface mason face on these sides because this
surface is levelled by plumb bob)
➢ 15 mm plaster is given on rough surface (rough surface are
opposite side of mason construct the wall)
➢ Plaster measurement is calculated in area (sqm).
➢ Thickness of plaster is specified in schedule of rates.
➢ Mortar ratio used for slab (1:3), (1:4).
➢ Mortar ratio used for wall surface (1:3), (1:4), (1:5), (1:6).
➢ Tippy is used for marking the thickness of plaster.

Tippy is used for marking the thickness of plaster.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 119
 Painting Work
➢ The surface shall be thoroughly brushed to remove the mortar
droppings and foreign matter before the work to be executed.
New plastered surfaces shall be allowed to dry completely,
before applying, distemper/ primer/ paint etc.
➢ Length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm and area
shall be calculated in sqm correct to two places of decimals.
➢ Before doing painting work, firstly apply white wash on new
wall (three coats or more), on old wall (one or two coats),
➢ White wash is apply due to greyish surface of the wall to make
white appearance of the wall, to make paint high visibility.
➢ Secondly apply plaster of Paris to make wall even surface
because paint is adhesive property but less filling property. So
putty make wall smooth surface.
➢ Next to plaster of Paris apply the coat of primer to safe the paint
from dampness or cracks.
➢ Lastly paint is applied on the wall to make good appearance of
the wall, if we directly apply paint on plaster surface wall is
absorb the moisture content in paint and paint doesn’t give shiny
surface or bad appearance.
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 120
 Flooring Items
Flooring is any permanent covering of a floor, or work of
installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to
describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to
provide a walking surface.
❖TILES FLOORING: - Tiles is thin object usually square or
rectangular in shape.
➢ Generally used for covering roof, floor, walls.
➢ Vitrified tiles are used in bedroom, hall etc. These tiles are non-
porous and hence absorption of water is very low.
➢ These tiles are expensive as compare to other tiles.
➢ Vitrified tiles are of two types :-
➢ 1. Double charge /multi charge vitrified tiles.
➢ 2. Single charge vitrified tiles.
➢ Ceramic tiles are very porous and these are water absorption
tiles.
➢ Ceramic tiles are used in bathroom, kitchen, wash utility area
because these tiles are anti-skid tiles.
➢ Bed mortar for floor tile is given 20mm while for wall tile it may
give 12 mm.
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 121
❖ Marble Stone: Marble shall be hard, sound, dense and homogeneous in
texture with crystalline texture. It shall be uniform in colour and free from
stains, cracks, decays and weathering.
❖ Kota Stone: Kota stone slabs/tiles shall be of selected quality, hard, sound,
dense and homogeneous in texture, free from cracks, decay, weathering and
flaws. They shall be hand or machine cut in requisite thickness.
❖ Granite Stone: Granite stone shall be hard, sound, dense and homogeneous
in texture with crystalline texture. It shall be uniform in colour and free
from stains, cracks, decays and weathering.
❖ Red/White/Coloured Sand Stone: The slabs of white, red and stones of
other colours found at Shivpuri, Mandana, Jaisalmer, Dholpur, Basoda,
Raisen and at other places to be used in flooring work shall be hard,
durable and tough, free from cracks, decays and weathering. In case of red
sand stones and other coloured sand stones, white patches or streaks and in
case of white sand stones. Coloured patches or streaks shall not be
allowed. However, scattered spots up to 10mm diameter shall be
permitted.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 122

 ❖ Measurements shall be taken in area (sqm) , just multiply of length ,width
❖ For floor tiles or skirting , multiply length , height to calculate area.
❖ Different sizes of tiles available in the market.
❖ Extra cost for nosing (moulding) for stones, calculation in running meter.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 123

 DOOR

DOOR FITTING ITEMS

DOOR FRAME
(No./Pcs)
(Cum) DOOR SHUTTER
(Sqm)

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 124

 DOOR FRAME
1.05 m

DOOR
FRAME

2.1 m 2.1 m

FRONT VIEW OF
DOOR FRAME

AS PER DRAWING
DOOR SIZE D1(1.05*2.1)
NO. OF DOOR =2

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 125

 CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW OF DOOR FRAME
➢ Door Frame is Calculating in Cum.
If,
Door size : 1.05 x 2.1
Door Frame Size : 125 mm x 75mm
Then,
Length = 0.125 m
Width = 0.075 m
Height = 2.1 m + 1.05 m +2.1 m
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 126
 D1(1.05*2.1)

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 127

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 128
 ❖Three types of doors such as:

➢ Panelled door:- A panel door is most popular doors that

are used in the house, it is strong and gives better appearance
than battened door . for aesthetic look of the house. These
door pattern & shape given by carpenter.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 129

 Flush Door
Flush doors are simple door designs that have plain facings on
both sides. They can be interior (more commonly) but also
exterior.
➢Flush doors may have a solid, hollow or stave core. If the core
is solid – low density particle board or foam often being used to
fill the space within the door completely – it may be supplemented
with a type of laminate or plywood on each side. Good for exterior
doors as they provide more insulation and strength.
➢Solid flush doors are, by definition, heavier than the
alternatives, but are usually a more suitable option when their
function is to form a passage between two rooms.
➢If the core is hollow (i.e. where perhaps two sections of
plywood have been attached to each side of a frame) some support
may be built into the frame (such as a lattice or honeycomb
support system made of corrugated cardboard).
➢A flush door with a stave core will consist of wooden slats
stacked upon one another.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 130

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 131
 PVC Door
➢ PVC is a very durable material. It is strong and resilient to any
conditions. The tough material can withstand any kind of
weather and climate.
➢ They are very light weight. Hence, they are very easy to install
and handle.
➢ PVC doors are resistant to rotting, rusting, flaking, fading and
peeling. It is also not a corrosive material. All you have to do to
clean PVC is slight soap washing.
➢ PVC is a very low maintenance material that is time saving for
busy people.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 132

 ➢ Door Shutter is Calculating in Sqm.
If,
Door size : 1.05 x 2.1
Door Frame Size : 125 mm x 75mm
Then,
Length = 1.05 m – 0.075 m – 0.075 m
Height = 2.1 m – 0.075 m

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 133

 LATCH

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 134

 L-DROP

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 135

 HANDLE

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 136

 DOOR STOPPER

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 137

 DOOR HOLDER

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 138

 DOOR CLOSER

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 139

 HINGES

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 140

 TOWER BOLT

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 141

 Aluminum window
➢ Aluminum Fixed Frame :

(a) Bottom Portion

= No. of Window x No. of section in 1 Window x
Length x Unit Wt. of the Section
(b) Top Portion
= No. of Window x No. of section in 1 Window x
Length x Unit Wt. of the Section
(c ) Left & Right Portion
= No. of Window x No. of section in 1 Window x
Length x Unit Wt. of the Section
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 142
 Aluminum window
➢ Aluminum Sliding Frame :

(a) Top & Bottom Portion

= No. of Window x No. of section in 1 Window x Length
x Unit Wt. of the Section
(b) Vertical Section Without Lock
= No. of Window x No. of section in 1 Window x Length
x Unit Wt. of the Section
(c ) Vertical Section With Lock
= No. of Window x No. of section in 1 Window x Length
x Unit Wt. of the Section
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 143
 Aluminum window
➢ Glass:

(a) Glass
= No. of Window x No. of Glass in 1 Window x Length x
width

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 144

 Aluminum window
➢ Mosquito Net (Steel Wire Gauge):

(a) Mosquito Net (Steel Wire Gauge)

= No. of Window x No. of Mosquito Net in 1 Window x
Length x width

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 145

 Some Reference Data

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 146

 Window Grill

(a) Wt. of Horizontal Steel Plate

No. of window x No. of Horizontal plate in 1 Window x length x
width x height x Density of steel
(b) Wt. of Vertical Steel Plate
No. of window x No. of Horizontal plate in 1 Window x length x
width x height x Density of steel

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 147

 (c) Wt. of Horizontal Steel Rod/ bar
No. of window x No. of Horizontal Rod/ bar in 1 Window x length
x width x height x Density of steel
(d) Wt. of Vertical Steel Rod/ bar
No. of window x No. of Vertical Rod/ bar in 1 Window x length
x width x height x Density of steel
(e) Wt. of Hold fastener
No. of window x No. of hold fastener x No. of Plates in 1 Hold
Fastener x length x width x height x Density of steel
Some Important Data

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 148

 Important Points
➢ The trees of girth above 30 cm measured at a height of one metre
above ground shall be cut only after permission of the Engineer-
in-Charge is obtained in writing.
➢ The length and breadth of excavation or filling shall be measured
with a steel tape correct to the nearest cm. The depth of cutting or
height of filling shall be measured, correct to 5 mm, by recording
levels before the start of the work and after the completion of the
work. The cubical contents shall be worked out to the nearest two
places of decimal in cubic metres.
➢ Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free from
injurious quantities of alkalis, acids, oils, salts, sugar, organic
materials, vegetable growth or other substance that may be
deleterious to bricks, stone, concrete or steel. potable water is
generally considered satisfactory for mixing. The Ph value of
water shall be not less than 6.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 149

 General Precautions
➢ For the safety of persons red flags shall be prominently
displayed around the area where blasting operations are to be
carried out. All the workers at site, except those who actually
ignite the fuse, shall withdraw to a safe distance of at least 200
metres from the blasting site. Audio warning by blowing whistle
shall be given before igniting the fuse.
➢ Blasting work shall be done under careful supervision and trained
personnel shall be employed. Blasting shall not be done with in
200 metres of an existing structure, unless specifically permitted
by the Engineer-in-Charge in writing.
➢ All procedures and safety precautions for the use of explosives
drilling and loading of explosives drilling and loading of
explosives before and after shot firing and disposal of explosives
shall be taken by the contractor as detailed in IS 4081, safety code
for blasting and related drilling operation.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 150

 CEMENT CONCRETE
❖ Grades of Cement Concrete
The concrete shall be in grade designated as under
Grades of Concrete

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 151

 Measurements of Concrete work
➢ Dimensions of length, breadth and thickness shall be measured
correct to nearest cm. except for the thickness of slab and partition
which shall be measured to nearest 5 mm. Areas shall be worked
out to nearest 0.01 sqm and the cubic contents of consolidated
concrete shall be worked out to nearest 0.01 cum. Any work done
in excess over the specified dimension or sections shown in the
drawing shall be ignored.

➢ Concrete work executed in the following conditions shall be

measured separately:
• Work in or under water
• Work in liquid mud
• Work in or under foul positions
➢ Cast-in -situ concrete and or precast concrete work shall be
measured in stages described in the item of work, such as:
• At or near the ground level
• Up to specified floor level
• Between two specified floor levels
• Up to specified height above or depth below plinth level/
defined datum level.
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 152
❖ No deduction shall be made for the following:
➢Ends of dissimilar materials for example beams, posts, girders, rafters,
purlins, trusses, corbels and steps up to 500 sq cm in cross sections.
➢ Opening up to 0.1 sq metre (1000 sq.cm)
➢ Volume occupied by pipes, conduits, sheathing etc. not exceeding 100
sq cm each in cross sectional areas.
➢ Small voids such as shaded portions in Figure A to J below when
these do not exceed 40 sq cm each in cross section.
Note: In calculating area of opening, the thickness of any separate lintel
or sill shall be included in the height. Nothing extra shall be payable for
forming such openings or voids.
Area of Fig. A to G shall be = L x B
Area of Fig. H & J shall be = L x {Average of B and B’}

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 153

 DAMP PROOF COURSE
This shall consist of cement concrete of specified proportions and
thickness. The surface of brick or stone masonry work shall be levelled
and prepared before laying the cement concrete. Edge of damp proof
course shall be straight, even and vertical. Side shuttering shall consist
of steel forms and shall be strong and properly fixed so that it does not
get disturbed during compaction and the mortar does not leak through.
The concrete mix shall be of workable consistency and shall be tamped
thoroughly to make a dense mass. When the sides are removed, the
surface should come out smooth without honey-coming. Continuity
shall be maintained while laying the cement concrete layer and laying
shall be terminated only at the predetermined location where damp
proof course is to be discontinued. There shall be no construction joints
in the Damp Proof Course.
Curing
Damp proof course shall be cured for at least seven days, after which it
shall be allowed to dry.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 154

 Application of Hot Bitumen
Where so directed, hot bitumen in specified quantity shall be applied
over the dried up surface of cement concrete, properly cleaned with
brushes and finally with a piece of cloth soaked in kerosene oil.
Bitumen of penetration A 90 or equivalent where used shall be heated
to a temperature of 160º ± 5ºC. The hot bitumen shall be applied
uniformly all over, so that no blank spaces are left anywhere. It will be
paid for separately.
Water Proofing Materials
Where so specified, water proofing material of approved quality shall
be added to the concrete mixture in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specification stating the quantity of water proofing
material in litres or kg per 50 kg or cement and will be paid for
separately.
Measurements
The length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm and its area
shall be calculated in square metres correct to two places of decimal.
The depth shall not be less than the specified thickness at any
section.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 155

 FORM WORK (CENTRING & SHUTTERING)
Form work shall include all temporary or permanent forms or
moulds required for forming the concrete which is cast-in-situ,
together with all temporary construction required for their support.
Material for Form Work
➢ Propping and Cantering : All propping and centering should
be either of steel tubes with extension pieces or built up
sections of rolled steel.
➢Centering/Staging : Staging should be as designed with
required extension pieces as approved by Engineer-in-Charge
to ensure proper slopes, as per design for slabs/ beams etc. and
as per levels as shown in drawing. All the staging to be either
of Tubular steel structure with adequate bracings as approved
or made of built up structural sections made form rolled
structural steel sections.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 156

 ➢ Shuttering: Shuttering used shall be of sufficient stiffness to
avoid excessive deflection and joints shall be tightly butted to
avoid leakage of slurry. If required, rubberized lining of
material as approved by the Engineer-in-Charge shall be
provided in the joints. Steel shuttering used or concreting
should be sufficiently stiffened. The steel shuttering should
also be properly repaired before use and properly cleaned to
avoid stains, honey combing, seepage of slurry through joints
etc.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 157

 Note 1: For other types of cement, the stripping time
recommended for ordinary Portland cement may be suitably
modified. Generally If Portland Pozzolana or low heat cement
or OPC with direct addition of fly ash has been used for
concrete, the stripping time will be 10/7 of the period stated for
OPC with 43 grade cement above.

BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 158

 Note 2: The number of props left under, their sizes and
disposition shall be such as to be able to safely carry the full dead
load of the slabs, beam or arch as the case may be together with
any live load likely to occur during curing or further construction.

Note 3: For rapid hardening cement, 3/7 of above periods for OPC
33 grade will be sufficient in all cases except for vertical side of
slabs, beams and columns which should be retained for at least 24
hours.

Note 4: In case of cantilever slabs and beams, the centering shall

remain till structures for counter acting or bearing down have been
erected and have attained sufficient strength.

Note 5: Proper precautions should be taken to allow for the

decrease in the rate of hardening that occurs with all types of
cement in cold weather and accordingly stripping time shall be
increased.

Note 6: Work damaged through premature or careless removal of

forms shall be reconstructed within 24 hrs.
BUILDING ESTIMATION & PLANNING NOTES 159
 &
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