10

Contextualized
TLE for SPJ
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Introduction to Live
Streaming

Contextualized TLE-Television Broadcast Technology

Contextualized TLE Learning Kit
INTRODUCTION TO LIVE STREAMING
First Edition, 2022

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Schools Division of Aklan
Poblacion, Numancia, Aklan

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Contextualized TLE Learning is published to be utilized by the Schools

Division of Aklan.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the Schools Division of Aklan.

Development Team of Contextualized TLE Learning Kit

Writers: Mr. Paul T. Tributo

Illustrators:

Layout Artists:

Region/Division Quality Assurance Team:

Dr. Nestor Paul M. Pingil, Dr. Kyzil D. Lipar, Mr. Marth S. Tropa,
Mr. Mahnnie Q. Tolentino and Ms. Maienne I. Pabroa

Management Team:
Dr. Ramir B. Uytico, Dr. Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.,
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga, Dr. Donald T. Genine, Dr. Nestor Paul M. Pingil,
Dr. Miguel Mac D. Aposin, Mr. Samuel J. Malayo,
Dr. Dobie P. Parohinog, Mr. Michael T. Rapiz,
Dr. Kyzil D. Lipar, Mr. Marth S. Tropa, Mr. Mahnnie Q. Tolentino

Introductory Message
Welcome to Contextualize TLE 10 for Journalism 10.
 The Contextualize TLE Learning Kit is collaboratively designed by the
Division of Aklan and the School Paper Advisers Association of DepEd Aklan
(SPAADA) writers, illustrators, layout artists, reviewers, editors, and Quality
Assurance Team from the Department of Education, Schools Division of Aklan. This
is designed to guide our teachers and learners in meeting the standards of the K to
12 Curriculum.

The Contextualize TLE Learning Kit aims to engage our learners in

accomplishing the task at their own pace and time. This also aims to assist learners
in achieving the 21st century skills while considering their needs and situations.

For learning facilitator:

The Contextualize TLE Learning Kit is developed to address the

current needs of the learner to continue learning in the comforts of their homes or
learning centers. As a learning facilitator, make sure that you give them clear
instructions on how to study and accomplish the given activities in the material.
Lerner’s progress must be monitored.

For the learner:

The Contextualize TLE Learning Kit is developed to help you, dear learner,
in your needs to continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning
material aims to primarily provide you with meaningful and engaging activities for
independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand to
follow the instructions given.
 Introduction to Live Streaming

Livestreaming is streaming media simultaneously recorded and broadcast in

real-time over the internet. It is often referred to simply as streaming. All you need to
be able to live stream is an internet-enabled device, like a smartphone or tablet, and
a platform (such as a website or app) to live stream from. Non-live media such as
video-on-demand, vlogs, and YouTube videos are technically streamed, but not live-
streamed.
Live streaming is when the streamed video is sent over the Internet in real
time, without first being recorded and stored. Today, TV broadcasts, video game
streams, and social media videos can all be live-streamed.
In this lesson, you will learn the basics of live streaming.

TARGET

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Learn the basics of live streaming;
2. Identify the different platforms used in live streaming; and
3. Perform live streaming on the chosen platform.

TRY THIS

Directions: Identify whether the following information is correct or not. Write

TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if otherwise. Do this
in your Contextualized TLE 10 notebook.
1. YouTube is often considered a live gaming platform.
2. You can live stream using your mobile, webcam, or encoder.
3. Livestreaming is streaming media simultaneously recorded and broadcast in
real-time over the internet.

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 4. You can make money when live broadcasts on some other platforms.
5. You cannot live stream using an internet enabled device, like a smart phone
or tablet, desktop computer or laptop.

DO THIS

ACTIVITY 1: GUESS WHAT

Directions: Identify the name of the following picture below. Do this in your
Contextualized TLE 10 notebook.

1. ___________________________

2. ___________________________

3. ___________________________

4. ___________________________

5. ___________________________

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 EXPLOREE

Great! Now, let us connect your responses to

the following questions. Write your answers in
your Contextualized TLE 10 notebook.

1. How do you find the first activity?

2. Are you familiar with all the pictures in our past activity?
If yes, you may tell more about how they are being
used as platform in live streaming.

KEEP THIS IN MIND

Well done! You have successfully

made a meaningful connection after
answering the previous activities. Now,
you are all set to learn new thing about
live streaming.

WHAT IS A LIVE STREAMING PLATFORM OR SOFTWARE?

A live streaming platform or software is a virtual tool that allows you to live
stream in real-time. Instead of recording and uploading your videos, a live streaming
platform lets you upload your live footage and be in front of your audience
instantaneously.
Unlike pre-recorded videos that can be cut and edited, live streaming is just
that – live and uncensored.

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HOW DOES LIVE STREAMING WORK ON A TECHNICAL LEVEL?

These are the main steps that take place behind the scenes in a live stream:

 Compression
 Encoding
 Segmentation
 Content delivery network (CDN) distribution
 CDN caching
 Decoding
 Video playback

Video Capture

Live streaming starts with raw video data: the visual information captured by a
camera. Within the computing device to which the camera is attached, this visual
information is represented as digital data – in other words, 1s and 0s at the deepest
level.

Compression and Encoding

The segmented video data is compressed and encoded. The data is

compressed by removing redundant visual information. For example, if the first
frame of the video displays a person talking against a grey background, the grey
background does not need to render for any subsequent frames that have the same
background.

Think of video compression as being like adding a piece of new furniture to a

living room. It is not necessary to buy entirely new furniture each time a new chair or
side table is added. Instead, it is possible to keep the room layout roughly the same
and change out just one piece at a time, occasionally making larger rearrangements
as necessary. Similarly, not every frame of a video stream needs to be rendered in
total – just the parts that change from frame to frame, such as the movement of a
person's mouth.

"Encoding" refers to the process of converting data into a new format. Live
streaming video data is encoded into an interpretable digital format that a wide
variety of devices recognize. Common video encoding standards include:

 H.264
 H.265
 VP9
 AV1

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Segmentation

Video includes a lot of digital information, which is why it takes longer to

download a video file than to download a short PDF or an image. Because it would
not be practical to send all the video data out over the Internet at once, streaming
video is divided into smaller segments a few seconds in length.

CDN Distribution and Caching

Once the live stream has been segmented, compressed, and encoded (all of
which only takes a few seconds), it needs to be made available to the dozens or
millions of viewers who want to watch it. In order to maintain high quality with
minimal latency while serving the stream to multiple viewers in different locations, a
CDN should distribute it.

A CDN is a distributed network of servers that cache and serve content on

behalf of an origin server. Using a CDN results in faster performance, because user
requests no longer have to travel all the way to the origin server but can instead be
handled by a nearby CDN server. Handling requests and delivering content in this
manner also reduces the origin server’s workload. Finally, CDNs make it possible to
efficiently serve content to users around the world because their servers are located
all over the world instead of clustered in a single geographic area.

A CDN will also cache – temporarily save – each segment of the live stream,
so most viewers will get the live stream from the CDN cache instead of from the
origin server. This actually makes the live stream closer to real-time even though the
cached data is a few seconds behind, because it cuts down on round-trip time (RTT)
to and from the origin server.

Decoding and Video Playback

The CDN sends the live stream out to all the users who are watching the
stream. Each user's device receives, decodes, and decompresses the segmented
video data. Finally, a media player on the user's device – either a dedicated app or a
video player within the browser – interprets the data as visual information, and the
video plays.

WHAT ARE THE CONCERNS WITH LIVE STREAMING?

There are several factors that can make watching or creating live streams
potentially harmful for children and young people.
 Content. If they’re watching other people’s live streams, children could be
exposed to age-inappropriate content, including sexual or violent content.

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  Offensive comments. If a young person’s live stream is open to the public,
viewers may be able to leave negative or inappropriate comments on feeds.
 Live streaming is ‘in the moment’. Live streaming is ‘in the moment’ which
increases the risk of children and young people acting on impulse.
 Do things they would not do offline. Children, like adults, can feel more
confident when they are online as they feel protected by the screen. This can
result in them saying or doing something they’d be less likely to do offline.
 Digital footprints. If a live streamer makes a mistake, shares personal
details, or broadcasts offensive or inappropriate material, they are doing so in
public. It’s possible for viewers to record a livestream, and it could be posted
online or shared more widely.
 Inappropriate contact. There can be hundreds, potentially thousands, of
people watching a live stream, including people who might be looking to hurt
or exploit children and young people. In order to manipulate children, these
people may attempt to trick them into engaging in sexual activity, flatter them
with positive comments or gifts, or make threats to try to force them to do
things they don’t want to do.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF LIVE STREAMING?

Live streaming is a trendy way of connecting interactively which helps in

increasing your prominence globally. Brands that adapt this technology at the
earliest will have an edge over their competitors. Let us have a look at some of the
benefits that a business could experience through live streaming.
 Live streaming can automatically help in reaching your target audience.
 Live streaming platforms are cheap and are also available for free in the world
of digital streaming.
 Easy to set up. All it requires is an internet-enabled device with an active
account on the chosen streaming platform.
 It helps in increasing your visibility by reaching a larger audience despite their
locations and also brings in better sales conversions.
 It even offers you opportunities to monetize by going live.
 Live streaming and archiving events – the captured moments can be utilized
for sales or any promotional campaigns.

WHAT ARE THE THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A LIVE

STREAMING PLATFORM?

While you shouldn’t get too caught up in comparing different live streaming
platforms, a brief analysis of the competition can help you make the right choice.
Here are a few things to consider when choosing a live streaming platform
comparison:

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  Participant Limit: The number of people who can appear in the live
broadcast – especially useful if you are conducting a live talk show.
 Streaming Limit: The number of hours you can stream per month.
 Branding: Customization options to ensure your live videos have branded
elements like your brand logo, overlays, backgrounds, etc.
 Multistreaming: The feature to stream to different platforms at once so that
you can expand your audience reach.
 Pricing: The amount of money you’d have to spend to enjoy the features you
want.

MOST POPULAR LIVE STREAMING PLATFORMS

1. YouTube Live

Creators can educate, discuss and form social communities in real-time with this
live streaming platform.

Creators can live stream on YouTube using a webcam, mobile, or encoder

streaming. Webcam and mobile are much useful for beginners and encoder settings
are for advanced level of live streaming. YouTube Live is a privilege for video
content creators and has channels on every subject that viewers are looking for.
 Embedded with powerful analytics, that can give you reports on your
channel’s performance and viewers’ behavior.
 Live streaming is accessible on social media websites. It can also be played
on multiple platforms and social networks simultaneously.
 Content creators can archive their previous streams which are accessible to
both the streamers and the audience.
 YouTube live streaming channels can notify their subscribers regarding their
upcoming live streams.
 It offers a chat tool to improvise audience engagement and is also equipped
with live chat moderation tools ensuring a safe and healthy environment.

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  YouTube Live allows creators to add location tags.
 Creators can earn money through their live streams in several ways such as
ads.
 Super Chat, Super Stickers, and channel memberships.
 The channel needs to be a part of the YouTube Partner Program to monetize
its live streams.

2. Facebook Live

Facebook allows broadcasters to stream live videos on a conversation, a

promotional event, Q&A, or any content. The platform allows live streaming from
anywhere around the world simply, using the Facebook application.

Facebook produces high-end protection and streaming services with “Live

Producer” – a new method of going live on the platform.

This video streaming platform allows creators to schedule their live streaming.
This feature is an added advantage as the streamers can promote their upcoming
live events to their viewers. Facebook Live’s scheduling process is carried out in two
ways,

 An Announcement Post – Post an announcement of the upcoming live

streaming
 A Live Broadcast Post – A post containing live streaming will be
automatically published on the creator’s page

In Facebook Live, streamers can moderate comments while on live with the
available settings.

Adding a donate button & in-stream ads to the live streaming can help to raise
money for a cause as well as monetize live videos. Make sure to qualify the eligibility
criteria to enable FB’s fundraising and monetizing features.

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 Facebook has powerful access to social networks which increases visibility and
has real-time analytics helping to improvise audience engagement.

Facebook is free for its account holders. Also, integrates with third-party tools like
Crowdcast, Zaiper and benefits you with added advantages.

3. Instagram Live

This live streaming feature works within the Instagram stories allowing to
broadcast live videos for others using the platform. An active Insta account will
include the option “Live” for broadcasting in real-time.
 Followers are notified each time the streamer goes for on live, which helps in
expanding your broadcasts.
 The audience can submit their comments or questions in real-time through
which the creator can receive direct feedback on their business.
 The platform is capable of hiding offensive messages or comments during live
streaming.
 It allows to invite friends for the live streaming and can also restrict who can
message when going live.
 Answering all the questions during live streaming is quite overwhelming but,
this can be easily tackled by posting a “Question Sticker” on your story. On
tapping the question mark button, the streamer can start answering.
 Instagram Live allows you to monetize using in-stream ads.
 The platform is available free of cost for its users

4. TikTok Live

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 TikTok is home to a diverse global ecosystem of people and culture - creators,
communities, and trends - all driving entertaining content and building connections.
TikTok LIVE brings people together through content that entertains and inspires,
providing creators an opportunity to show up as their most authentic selves as they
forge meaningful connections and share a window into their lives with a global
community - all in real time.

5. Kumu

Kumu is a Filipino-made livestreaming platform that brings together communities

all over the world. Is a dynamic and powerful live-streaming entertainment platform
designed for GenZ and Millennial Filipinos. The platform empowers over 1 million
Filipino content creators worldwide to connect, engage, and share content. Along
with real-time interaction, messaging, and gaming features, it provides earning
opportunities to live streamers. Besides, it is a convenient marketplace for e-
commerce businesses to elevate, redefine, and promote their brand and boost
sales. The platform also encourages communities to ignite discussions popular
among Filipinos.

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 SUM UP

You are almost done with this

module. We have familiarized ourselves
about with different live streaming
platform or software

Live streaming platforms and software are tools and services that allow
individuals and organizations to broadcast video content in real-time over the
internet. Live streaming has become increasingly popular for various purposes,
including gaming, entertainment, education, marketing, and more.

These are the main steps that take place behind the scenes in a live stream:

1. Compression
2. Encoding
3. Segmentation
4. Content delivery network (CDN) distribution
5. CDN caching
6. Decoding
7. Video playback

THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A LIVE STREAMING PLATFORM

1. Participant Limit
2. Streaming Limit
3. Branding
4. Multistreaming
5. Pricing

MOST POPULAR LIVE STREAMING PLATFORMS

1. Youtube Live
2. Facebook Live
3. Instagram Live
4. TikTok Live

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 5. Kumu

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

ACTIVITY 2: MANIPULATE IT
Directions: Follow the instruction below:
1. Choose a live streaming platform that you are good at using.
2. Using the chosen platform, introduce yourself by doing live streaming.
3. Record your screen as you work on your project.
4. Save your screen recording as an MP4 file and submit your file to your
teacher.

Your work will be graded using these criteria:

Needs
Inadequate
Criteria Excellent (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Improvemen
(0)
t (1)
Live The student The student The student The student The student
Streaming effectively proficiently adequately struggles to does not use
Platform utilizes a live uses a live uses a live use the live a live
streaming streaming streaming streaming streaming
platform, platform, platform, platform platform or
demonstratin showcasing though with effectively, fails to
g a high level an some with limited demonstrate
of proficiency understandin noticeable use of its any
and creativity g of its gaps in features and understandin
in using its features and understandin weak g or
features and interacting g its features audience engagement
engaging with with the and interaction. with it.
the audience. audience in interacting
a with the
satisfactory audience.
manner.
Introductio The The The The The
n and introduction is introduction introduction introduction introduction
Engageme captivating, is engaging is somewhat is uninspiring is absent or
nt well- and well- engaging but and poorly severely
structured, structured, lacks organized. lacking in
and engaging. with some structure The student engagement
The student room for and barely with the
effectively improvement coherence. interacts with audience.
interacts with . The The student the audience,
the audience, student interacts missing
responding to interacts with with the numerous
comments the audience opportunities
and audience, sporadically. for

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 questions. but there engagement.
may be
some
missed
opportunities
for
engagement
Screen The screen The screen The screen The screen The screen
Recording recording is recording is recording is recording is recording is
clear, well- mostly clear somewhat unclear or unusable,
framed, and and well- clear and poorly making it
effectively framed, but well-framed framed, with impossible
captures the there may but contains significant to follow the
student's be minor notable distractions project work.
project work. distractions distractions and technical
There are no or technical or technical issues that
distractions or issues. problems hinder
technical that affect understandin
issues. the viewing g.
experience.
Saving and The student The student The student The student The student
Submission successfully effectively saves the struggles to fails to save
saves the saves the screen save the the screen
screen screen recording as screen recording as
recording as recording as an MP4 file, recording as an MP4 file
an MP4 file, an MP4 file but there are an MP4 file, and does not
ensuring that and submits noticeable with submit it to
it is of high it on time. quality or significant the teacher.
quality, There may technical quality or
without any be minor problems. technical
issues, and quality or The issues. The
submits it to technical submission submission is
the teacher issues. is slightly significantly
on time. delayed. delayed.

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 REFLECT

Well done! You have shown great

improvement after accomplishing all the
tasks in each section. This time you will
reflect on your work.

ACTIVITY 3: STOP, LET ME THINK!

Directions: Accomplish the infographic. Write your answers in your
Contextualized TLE 10 notebook.

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 LEARN MORE

ACTIVITY 4: EXPAND LEARNING FURTHER THROUGH WATCHING

Go to these links and learn more!
 What is Video Streaming?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lpca3EGLYJI
 The Benefits of Live Streaming
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZcoxptM_mQ
 Top Live Streaming Platforms to Use in 2020 (Which Streaming Site is
the Best?)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jg2KyJpatY

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

ACTIVITY 5: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read and understand the statement carefully. Choose only the letter
of the correct answer and write it on the separate answer sheet.
1. This platform also encourages communities to ignite discussions popular
among Filipinos.
a. Facebook Live c. Kumu
b. Instagram Live d. TikTok Live
2. It is a distributed network of servers that cache and serve content on behalf of
an origin server.
a. Content Delivery Network (CDN)
b. Content Delivery Networking (CDN)
c. Content Distance Network (CDN)
d. Context Delivery Network (CDN)
3. In Livestreaming it refers to the process of converting data into a new format.
a. Coding c. Decoding
b. Compressing d. Encoding
4. It is a Filipino-made livestreaming platform that brings together communities
all over the world.
a. Facebook Live c. Kumu
b. Instagram Live d. TikTok Live

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 5. A streaming media simultaneously recorded and broadcast in real-time over
the internet.
a. Live Steaming c. Video Capture
b. Multistreaming d. Video Streaming

ACTIVITY 6: TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Identify whether the following information is correct or not. Write TRUE if
the statement is correct or FALSE if otherwise. Write your answer on a
separate answer sheet.

1. In performing live streaming, you can pre-record videos, cut and edit.
2. Live streaming can automatically help in reaching your target audience.
3. Content creators can archive their previous streams which are accessible to
only for streamers.
4. Content Delivery Network (CDN) helps distribute network of servers that
cache and serve content on behalf of an origin server.
5. Facebook has low access to social networks which increases visibility and
has real-time analytics helping to improvise audience engagement.

GLOSSARY

Cache - a collection of items of the same type stored in a hidden or

inaccessible place.
Digital footprints - refers to one's unique set of traceable digital activities,
actions, contributions and communications manifested on the Internet or
digital devices.
Monitize - is the ability to make money from your videos.
Multistreaming - is the process of streaming a live video to multiple
destinations or platforms simultaneously.

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 ANSWER KEY

TRY THIS! GUESS WHAT

1. FALSE 1. FACEBOOK
2. TRUE 2. YOUTUBE
3. TRUE 3. TITOK
4. TRUE 4. KUMU
5. FALSE 5. INSTAGRAM

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

ACTIVITY 5 ACTIVITY 6
1. C 1. FALSE
2. A 2. TRUE
3. D 3. FALSE
4. C 4. TRUE
5. A 5. FALSE

REFERENCES

1. 12 Best Live Streaming Platforms for 2022

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestreaming
2. A Guide to Live Streaming
https://www.thinkuknow.co.uk/parents/articles/what-is-live-streaming/
3. How Does Live Streaming Work on a Technical Level?
https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/video/what-is-live-streaming/
4. kumu
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumu_(social_network)
5. Live Streaming Benefits
https://colorwhistle.com/live-streaming-platforms/
6. Live Streaming Tips: The Dos and Don’ts
https://www.epiphan.com/blog/live-streaming-dos-and-donts/

7. TikTok
https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/enhancing-the-live-community-
experience

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8. What is Live Steaming
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestreaming

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