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Chapter 10 - Circles Class 10 Maths - Google Docs

This chapter discusses the properties of circles and tangents, defining a circle as a set of points equidistant from a center. It explains that a tangent touches a circle at one point and is perpendicular to the radius at that point, with two tangents possible from an external point. The chapter also includes exercises demonstrating the application of these concepts.

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Akshat Shankar
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25 views3 pages

Chapter 10 - Circles Class 10 Maths - Google Docs

This chapter discusses the properties of circles and tangents, defining a circle as a set of points equidistant from a center. It explains that a tangent touches a circle at one point and is perpendicular to the radius at that point, with two tangents possible from an external point. The chapter also includes exercises demonstrating the application of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Akshat Shankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭Chapter 10 - Circles‬

‭ EY NOTE: Run This Through ChatGpt and ask it ‬


K
‭to show this on chat. ‬

‭10.1 Introduction‬
‭ circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point, called the center. This‬
A
‭chapter explores the properties of tangents and the relationships between circles and lines.‬

‭10.2 Tangent to a Circle‬


‭ tangent is a line that touches a circle at exactly one point. The point where the tangent touches the‬
A
‭circle is called the point of contact.‬

‭Properties of Tangents:‬

‭ .‬ A
1 ‭ tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.‬
‭2.‬ ‭The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.‬

‭Example:‬‭Prove that the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.‬

‭Proof:‬

‭●‬ L ‭ et PP be a point outside the circle and PAPA and PBPB be the tangents drawn to the circle at‬
‭points AA and BB.‬
‭●‬ ‭By joining OO (center) to A,B,A, B, and PP, riangleOAP≅riangleOBP‬ ‭riangle OAP \cong‬
‭riangle OBP by RHS congruence.‬
‭●‬ ‭Hence, PA=PBPA = PB.‬

‭10.3 Number of Tangents from a Point to a Circle‬


‭‬ F
● ‭ rom an external point:‬‭Two tangents can be drawn.‬
‭●‬ ‭From a point on the circle:‬‭One tangent can be drawn.‬
‭●‬ ‭From a point inside the circle:‬‭No tangent can be drawn.‬
‭10.4 Exercise 10.1 Solutions‬
‭1.‬ ‭Draw a tangent to a circle of radius 4 cm from a point 5 cm away from the center.‬

‭ olution:‬‭Apply Pythagoras theorem:‬


S
‭AP2=OP2−OA2AP=52−42=3extcmAP^2 = OP^2 - OA^2 \\ AP = \sqrt{5^2 - 4^2} = 3‬ ‭ext{‬
‭cm}‬
‭2.‬ ‭Two tangents are drawn to a circle from an external point. Prove that they are equal.‬

‭ olution:‬‭As proved earlier, PA=PBPA = PB by congruence of riangleOAP‬


S ‭riangle OAP‬
‭and riangleOBP‬‭riangle OBP.‬

‭3.‬ A
‭ circle has a radius of 7 cm. Find the length of a tangent from a point 25 cm away from the‬
‭center.‬
‭AP=252−72=24extcmAP = \sqrt{25^2 - 7^2} = 24‬ ‭ext{ cm}‬

‭Summary‬
‭‬ A
● ‭ tangent to a circle touches it at exactly one point and is perpendicular to the radius at that point.‬
‭●‬ ‭Two tangents can be drawn from an external point to a circle, and their lengths are equal.‬
‭●‬ ‭Tangents play a crucial role in geometry and have applications in construction and design.‬

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