Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 8 Issue 05, May-2019

Design of Elevated Level Storage Reserviour

Tejaswi Koramutla1 Anusha Sapatla2
Asst. Prof, Asst. Prof.
Annamacharya institute of technology and sciences, Annamacharya institute of technology and sciences,
Rajampet. (Autonomous) Rajampet. (Autonomous)

Abstract: Without water survival is impossible. Water is 1.1 TYPES OF WATER TANKS
one of the most important substances on earth. All plants and
animals must have water to survive. If there was The water tanks are majorly classified into water tank
no water there would be no life on earth. As water is very resting on ground, under the ground and the water tank
precious and due to the scarcity of drinking water in day to
about the ground. Based on the shape, water tanks are
day life one has to take care of every drop.A water tank is
used to store water to tide over the daily requirement. In the majorly circular rectangular and triangular shape. Elevated
construction of concrete structure for the storage of water and tanks are supported on staging which may consist of
other liquids the imperviousness1 of concrete is most essential. masonry walls, R.C.C. tower or R.C.C. columns braced
Overhead water tank is the most effective storing facility used together. The walls are subjected to water pressure. The
for domestic or even industrial purpose. By considering all the base has to carry the load of water and tank load. The
requirements which are essential for economical2 staging has to carry load of water and tank. The staging is
construction, in this project an overhead tank is designed for also designed for wind forces. From design point of view
AITS college population of around 4,419 members by the tanks may be classified as per their shape- rectangular
manually and using software. The complete design of the
tanks, circular tanks, intz type tanks. Spherical tanks
elevated structure is given in the project by using LIMIT
STATE METHOD from IS: 3370-20093. conical bottom tanks and suspended bottom tanks. A
circular shaped ELSR is adopted in this project for AITS
Key words: Imperviousness, economical, IS:3370-2009 College, Boyanpalli, Rajampeta, in Kadapa district in
Andrapradesh.
1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 METHODOLOGY
Without water survival is impossible. Water is one of the
most important substances on earth. All plants and animals Limited cracking in the structure designed by working
must have water to survive. If there was no water there stress method was the main reason why the Indian Standard
would be no life on earth. As water is very precious and IS: 3370 (1965) did not adopt the limit state design method
due to the scarcity of drinking water in day to day life one even after adoption by IS; 456 – 1978.However, with the
has to take care of every drop. A water tank is used to store following advantages of Limit State Design method,
water for daily requirements like drinking, washing etc. An IS:3370 adopted Limit State Design Method in 2009.
elevated water tank is a large water storage container i) Limit State Design Method considers the materials
constructed for the purpose of holding water supply at according to their properties
certain height to provide sufficient pressure in the water ii) Limit State Design Method considers the load according
distribution system. Liquid storage tanks are used to their nature
extensively used by municipalities and industries for iii) The structures also fails mostly under limit state and not
storing water, inflammable liquids and other chemicals. in elastic state
These tanks have various types of support structures like iv) Limit State Method also checks for serviceability
RC braced frame, steel frame, RC shaft, and even masonry IS: 3370-2009 Part (I-IV) adopts Limit State Design
pedestal. The most commonly used staging in practice is Method with precautions. It adopts the criteria for limiting
the frame type. The main components of this type of crack width when the structures are designed by
staging are columns and braces. The staging acts like a considering ultimate limit state and restricts the stresses to
bridge between the overhead container and foundation to 130MPa in steel so that cracking width is not exceeded.
transfer loads acting on the tank. Thus Water tanks are very These precaution ensures cracking width to be less than 0.2
important for public utility and for industrial structure and mm i.e. fit for liquid storage. This also specifies clearly
also to withstand more design forces. The frame support of how a liquid storage structure differs with other structures.
the ELSR should have adequate strength to resist axial
loads, moment and shear force due to lateral loads. These 1.3 DESIGN METHODS USED
forces depend upon total weight of the structure, which
varies with the amount of water present in the tank As per discussion above, the three water tank design
container. problems are designed by the following four design
methods.
1. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (1965).
2. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (2009).

IJERTV8IS050008 www.ijert.org 33
(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 8 Issue 05, May-2019

3. Limit state design method with crack width calculations SBC of soil : 31.5t/m2
and check in accordance IS 3370 (2009). Depth of footing : 1.37 m
4. Limit state design method deemed to satisfy (limiting
steel stresses) in accordance IS 3370 (2009). STRENGTH PARAMETERS

1.4 FLEXIBLE BASE CIRCULAR WATER TANK Concrete Grade

: M20
For smaller capacities rectangular tanks are used and for Permissible stresses (from IS 3370{ part-
bigger capacities circular tanks are used .In circular tanks 2}:2009)
with flexible joint at the base tanks walls are subjected to Direct tensile stress : 2.8 KN/m2
hydrostatic pressure .so the tank walls are designed as thin Direct compressible stress : 5 N/mm2
cylinder. As the hoop tension gradually reduces to zero at Bending compressive stress (σcbc) : 7 KN/m2
top, the reinforcement is gradually reduced to minimum Characteristic compressive stress (fck) :20 N/mm2
reinforcement at top. The main reinforcement consists of Grade (for staging and sub structure)
circular hoops. Vertical reinforcement equal to 0.3% of :H.Y.S.D Fe415
concrete are is provided and hoop reinforcement is tied to
this reinforcement.

1.5 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN CONCRETE

Table: 1: Stress for different grades of concrete

GRADE DIRECT BENDING SHEAR

OF PERMISSIBLE PERMISSIBLE
CONCRE STRESS IN STRESS IN
TE KN/M^2 KN/M^2
TENSION TENSION

M15 1.1 1.5 1.5

M20 1.2 1.7 1.7
M25 1.3 1.8 1.9
M30 1.5 2.0 2.2
M35 1.6 2.2 2.7
M40 1.7 2.4 2.9

2 DESIGN OF OVER HEAD WATER TANK

Fig: 1: Circular shaped ELSR
The water tank is designed for the AITS college population
of 4,475. Based on the per capita demand for institutional
buildings the capacity of the water tank is reached as 2.1: POPULATION FORECASTING:
100KL. The salient features of the overhead water tank is Different methods of population forecasting are
as tabulated below. 1. Arithmetic method
2. Geometric method
Table: 2: Salient features of water tank 3. Incremental method
4. Logistic method
Grade of Concrete : M20 5. Graphical method
Capacity of water tank : 100KL By using geometric method population forecasted to 4,475.
Staging of over head tank : 16m The total capacity of water required for the population is
Number of columns : 6 calculated as 100KL included with the fire demand.
Number of braces : 3 For the capacity obtained size of the tank is decided as
Inner diameter of tank : 6m Radius of the overhead tank: 3m
Height of cylindrical walls : 4 m Height of the overhead tank: 4m
Rise of dome : 1.2 m
Thickness of dome : 0.1 m 2.2: Design of dome:
Thickness of cylindrical walls : 0.18 m Minimum dome thickness must not be less than 100mm.
Dimensions of columns : 0.45 x 0.45m Hence thickness of dome is assumed as 100mm.
Dimensions of braces : 0.40 x 0.35m Meridional Thrust T 1=(WR/(cosɵ+1))
Top ring beam size : 0.2 x .2 m Meridional stress =T1/(bXd)
Bottom ring beam size : 0.3 x 0.2 m
Hoop stress = )
Thickness of floor slab : 0.1 m

IJERTV8IS050008 www.ijert.org 34
(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 8 Issue 05, May-2019

Meridional and hoop stresses developed in the spherical Table: 3: Reinforcement details in cylindrical side wall
dome are 0.19N/mm2 and 0.04N/mm2 respectively. The
Reinforceme
obtained stresses are within the permissible stresses are the nt
dome is safe against the stresses. Ar on each face
Height Heigh
Total load on the dome is calculated as: 5 KN/m2 above t Hoop
Hoop ea Propose
Factored load on the dome : 7.5 KN/m2 tensio (mm2) No d area
floor below coeffici
n Bo (mm2
Providing minimum percentage of steel in the dome: Ast= slab(m) (M.W ent
(KN) th
.of spacin
)
0.3% (cross sectional area) (H2/Dt) .L)
faces bar g
s
=300mm2
Hence provided reinforcement: 8mm Ø bars of 190mmc/c 4 0.0H 0.0002 0.152 0.1 10 200 392
3.6 0.1H 0.0989 7.526 49.87 10 200 785
3.2 0.2H 0.1991 15.15 100 10 200 785
2.8 0.3H 0.3042 22.14 153 10 150 1046
2.4 0.4H 0.4137 31.48 209 10 140 1611
2 0.5H 0.5318 40.46 268 10 130 1740
1.6 0.6H 0.6408 48.76 323 10 130 1740
1.2 0.7H 0.6849 52.12 345 10 120 1884
0.8 0.8H 0.5779 39.41 261 10 120 1884
0.4 0.9H 0.2620 19.93 132 10 120 1884

Fig : 2 : Meridional and hoop stresses in spherical dome. 2.4: DESIGN OF BOTTOM RING BEAM:
Horizontal thrust, H =T1
2.3: DESIGN OF TOP RING BEAM:
=
Horizontal components of thrust(Ht) = T 1xcosϴ = V1cotα
Hoop tension in ring beam(Ft) = Ht x(D/2)
Tension due to vertical loads Hg = HD/2
Tensile stress =
Area of concrete calculated as 607mm2 Hoop tension due to water pressure HW =
Hence provided a ring beam of size 200X200mm
Total load on top ring beam = 7.5 KN/m2 Total load on bottom ring beam = 7.5KN
Reinforcement provided as 4 no’s of 20mm Ø bars. Total factored load = 114.75
KN/m
2.4: DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL WALL: Total Hoop tension on bottom ring beam=hoop tension due
to vertical loads+ hoop tension due to water pressure
= 389 KN
The main reinforcement provided as 8no’s of 20mmØ @
120mm c/c.

2.5: DESIGN OF CIRCULAR SLAB:

For every of the elevated water tank options, the base slab
characteristic serviceability uniformly distribute load in
kN/m per meter was the sum of its dead load, self-weight
concrete and its finishing loads , and its live load, that is,
the weight of water to be contained. And the serviceability
The reinforcement details of the cylindrical side wall with a point load in kN / meter, acting on each of the base slabs, at
hoop tension of 76.1KN was given as tabulated below the extremes of the overhangs was derived by adding up
the wall dead load that is the base projection weight and a
calculated fraction of the top slab load. But some notice
difference may be experience in the calculations of the
fractions of the loads from the circular water tank top slabs.
Thickness of circular slab =100mm
Clear span of the slab = 6m
Total load on the slab = 43.5 KN/m2
Total factored load on the slab = 62.25KN/m2

IJERTV8IS050008 www.ijert.org 35
(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 8 Issue 05, May-2019

Moment Mu = (Wa2/6) Note : For every 1 m increase/decrease in

Ast provided as 412mm2 length of compound wall the increase /
decrease in basic rate of capacities from 500 0.00
The reinforcement provided in the slab was 10mm Ø @ to2500 KL as follows.
190mm c/c 500KL=0.086% , 1000KL = 0.047%
20.8
2.6: DESIGN OF COLUMNS: 8
Add contractors profit @ 13.615% 2.02
Total rate
Size of the column = 450X450mm Provision Towards VAT @ 5% 0.84
Total vertical load on column =445.46 KN Provision Towards Labor Cess@1% 0.17
Wind intensity = 1.5 KN/m2
Number of columns = 6 TOTAL RATE : 23.91 PER LITRE
Moment at column base = 13.5 KN/m Total rate for 100 KL ELSR=23.91*100*100/10000
Reinforcement provided was 6no’s of 20mm Ø @ 300mm RS.23.91 Lakhs
c/c

2.7: DESIGN OF BRACINGS: 3. CONCLUSION:

Elevated water tanks provide head for supply of water.
Number of bracings = 6 When water has to be pumped into the distribution system
Size of bracings = 400X350mm at high heads without any pumps for supply however
Provide 4 bars of 16 mm diameter. pumps are necessary for pumping only till tank is filled.
Once it is stored in tank the gravity creates the pressure for
free, unlike pumps. We need pressurized water to fledge
2.8: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS: and make taps eject water at an appropriate rate. Elevated
tanks do not require continuous operation of pump, as it
Soil bearing capacity for the soil was 31.5t/m2 will not affect the distribution system since the pressure is
Total load on the footing = 396KN maintained by gravity. Strategic location of tank can
Total factored load = 594KN equalize water pressure in the distribution system. The
Size of the footing was decided as 1.4X1.4m design of overhead tank is designed manually and a rough
Provide 5no’s of 12mm Ø @ 220mm c/c. estimation for the proposed water tank is included.

2.9: ESTIMATION OF OVERHEAD WATER TANK REFERENCES

Tota [1] IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for Seismic Design of Liquid Storage

l Tanks 2007.
Unit Description Rate
amo [2] Chirag N. Patel & H. S. Patel, Supporting systems for
unt reinforced concrete elevated water tanks: a state-of-the-art
Rate for 100KL ELSR 20.50 literature review, International Journal of Advanced
Rate for 500 KL ELSR 18.27 Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. II, Issue I, Oct-Dec,
Rate for 1000KL ELSR 15.10 2012, 68-71,E-ISSN 2249–8974.
20.5 [3] IS: 11682-1985 “Criteria for design of RCC staging for over
Rate for 100 KL ELSR head water tanks”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
0
For 16Mts Staging [4] S. K. Jangave et al., (2014). “STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT
For staging more than 15 Mt , the Rate shall be OF CIRCULAR OVERHEAD WATER TANK BASED ON
increased by Rs.0.10 Paisa on basic rate per 0.10 FRAME STAGING SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC LOADING”.
every meter increase in staging Research gate, July 2014
For SBC of 14.0 T/sq m [5] Reinforce concrete structures (Dr B.C PUNMIA).
For every decrease of 2.50 T/Sq m of SBC the [6] Reinforced concrete design (RAMAMRUTHAM)
rate shall be increased by 2.5%bon basic rate [7] IS: 3370 – 1965 “Code of practice for concrete structure for
- storage of liquids parts 1, part 2, part 4”, BIS. New Delhi.
and for every increase of 2.5 T/Sq m of SBC
0.70 [8] IS:875-1987 “Code of Practice for Design Loads parts 3”, BIS.
the rate shall be decreased by 0.1% on basis
rate New Delhi
Wind pressure [9] N. Krishnaraju. “Advanced Reinforced concrete Design”, CBS
publisher and distributors, New Delhi.
The above rate are applicable for wind
[10] IS: 456 – 2000 “Code of practice for plain and Reinforced
pressure up to 350Kgs/Sq m for every 100
Concrete”, BIS New Delhi.
Kg/Sq m decrease in wind pressure the rate is -
[11] Bhandari M, Singh Karan Deep (2014), “Comparative study of
to be decreased by 5% 1.51
design of water tank”, 231- 238
(PH SSR item No. 43 (11) ) formula =
Basis
Cement variation
The above rate shall be increased / decreased
due to increase/decrease in cost of cement by
2.54
basic rate * (6400-4000)*0.00007(PH SSR
item No.43(7))
Steel variation
The above rate shall be increased / decreased
-
due to increase/decrease in cost of steel by
1.36
basic rate (42000-46500)*0.00002

IJERTV8IS050008 www.ijert.org 36
(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)