B. B.

Mgt (Honors) Degree in Digital Marketing

For Individual Assignment

Subject Details
Subject Business Ethics and Values
Subject Code BMKT 12272
Name of the Lecturer Mr. S. Uditha Bandara

Students Details

No Student Name Student Number Signature

1 THENUJA H.M.A.K. BM/2020/140 THENUJA H.M.A.K.

Nature of the Assessment Report

Assignment topic Napoleon Bonaparte

Learning Outcomes

Word count 3565

Due date / Time Monday, 14 November 2022, 18:59 PM

Individual / Group Declaration

We (Group) certify that the content of the above assignment is one of our original works and not copied
from any of the published or internet-based documents. Without references, we have not used any of the
other person’s original work or ideas. So the report or the work we have done is free of plagiarism.
Signature (Individual KAVIN THENUJA Date Monday, 14
Assignment) November 2022

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Napoleon Bonaparte
(Le Petit Caporal)

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 Introduction

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a French military leader and political leader who was
most prominent during the French Revolution (May 5, 1789 – Nov 9, 1799) and campaigned
successfully during the Revolution Wars. He was the leader of the French Republic as First
Consul from 1799 to 1804, then Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again 1815.

He is one of the most influential military leaders of all time. His military career lasted more
than 20 year. He had a complex personality and extraordinary determination to conquer rich
empires and make France the most important country in the world. He is widely known as a
military genius and considered one of the greatest commanders in history. He has more
documented victories than any other battlefield commander in history. He fought sixty battles
and lost just seven, most at the end of his career.

Napoleon was an emperor who elected by the people. He was national hero in France so that
he was genuinely loved by his people. He instituted various reforms such as higher education,
tax code, roads and sewer system, and the Banque de France, the first central bank in French
history.

(Mark, 2022)

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 Napoleon Bonaparte during the early French Revolution (1789-1794)

Early Life of Napoleon Bonaparte

-Corsica, island of France where Napoleon Bonaparte was born (Ng, 2016)

Napoleon’s family was of Italian origin. His father’s name was Carlo Maria Bonaparte and he
came from a noble family in Tuscany. His mother was Maria Letitia Ramolino an Austrian and
Corsican woman who married at age of 14. She had 12 children. She played influential role in
napoleon’s education.

Napoleone di Buonaparte was born on 15th August 1769 in the town of Ajaccio on the island
of Corsica, which was under Italian rule but was taken over by France in 1768.

At the age of nine, his family sent him to mainland France, where Napoleon began his studies
in a religious school (Ecole de Brienne). Shortly thereafter he was transferred on a scholarship
to a military academy (Escole Militaire) in Paris.

For much of his youth Napoleon was mocked by his peers because of his birthplace, short
stature, manners and his French and Corsican accent. But napoleon’s height was 1.69 cm. His
height was considered as average by the standards of the time. Napoleon’s short stature used
by English propagandists to demoralize napoleon’s image on his rise to power.

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Napoleon completed his studies and became an artillery officer and the first Corsican student
who achieve this feat.

This picture was drawn by English propagandists to demoralize napoleon’s image

French Revolution change his name

In 1789, tension between France and Corsica increased considerably. Napoleone quickly
returned to his hometown. By age of 23, Napoleon participated military uprisings showing
himself to be a fervent Corsican nationalist and defending his homeland’s ideals of
independence.

His main mentor was Pasqual Paoli. The relation between Pasqual and Napoleone was
troubled because Napoleon’s father was considered a traitor after abandoning the cause of
Corsican independence. The political differences between the two were growing with napoleon
getting closer and closer to French revolutionary ideals.

As a result of this estrangement napoleone was hampered during French attack which
succeeded in invading Sardinia in 1792. He received confusing orders during the battle being
forced to retreat and abandoning his precious canons on the battlefield. The orders originated
from an officer chosen by Pasqual. Napoleone family became the target of political precaution
in Corsica which resulted an attack on Bonaparte home was destroyed by arsonists.

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Napoleone and family fled Corsica for main land France. They settled in Toulon. In that time
Napoleone was deeply hurt and has a grudge against Corsica. Then he changed his baptismal
name Napoleone di Buonaparte to famous French name Napoleon Bonaparte at the age of 23
caues of this.

Around 1792 France was in a very delicate situation, several European powers such as the
United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia and Italy were at war with France. Meanwhile the French
was destabilizing the entire monarchial structure that governed the country. As the French
revolution took on new political overtones civil war spread across France with various political
factions. In this chaos napoleon took part in a military action alongside the government taking
on some rebel towns in the French south.

In 1793, napoleon published a pro-republican pamphlet defending the ideas of the revolution.
The strong words written by Napoleon. Eventually caught the attention of Maxim lien
Robespierre the main leader of the Jacobin party. Robespierre is famous for having been one
of the most iconic and controversial rules in history. His ideals of equality liberty and
fraternity were in stark contrast to the rules of terror that he implemented in France. His
radicalism fueled anti-democratic actions persecutions and assassinations of opponents the
preachment to Robespierre was quite beneficial to napoleon that became part of French
politics acquiring more and more influence in state affairs.

Siege of Toulon

In 1793, Napoleon was appointed artillery commander of the republican forces. His roles was
extremely important during the conflict as he designed a plan to capture a hill where the
republican guns would be able to dominate the city’s harbor forcing the British and Spanish
ships to retreat the victory against the anglo-spanish troops in addition to the capture Toulon
caused napoleon to become Brigadier general at age 24. Few months later Napoleon was sent
to command the troops on the border with Italy during the first coalition war.

Battle of Saorgio

Napoleon plans to attack kingdom of Sardinia. Lead French army to achieve victory at the
battle. Battle of Saorgio happened on April 1794. Napoleon had to face unexpected situation,

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The Jacobin leader, Robespierre was arrested for his abuses of authority. He was guilty in
public on 28th July 1794.

Robespierre’s death and the rise of the new government triggered politics in France. Napoleon
came under investigation for his association with the Jacobians. He was put under house arrest
in southeastern coast of France. To escape the situation Napoleon wrote a letter where he
defended the legitimacy of his actions and good intentions for the future of France. He was
acquitted of all charges and released on 20th august 1794.

Napoleon life had been changed

During 1795, Napoleon life went through several changes. He engaged with Desiree Clary. It
was inspired him to write a romantic novel. Novel entitled “klisong et Eugene”. This novel
about a solider and his mistress in a clear parallel between Napoleon and Desiree.

His love life was going well the same was not true for his military career. On 15th September,
Napoleon was removed from his post as general. His pay was suspended for refusing to serve
in the vendee campaign. He faced a difficult financial situation and diminished career
prospects.

Napoleon back to the fight

Napoleon regained some of his social statues on 3rd October. When the monarchist in Paris
revolted against the national convention. Napoleon was charged with commanding the forces
to defend Tulliere palace a task he accomplished with great efficiency. Napoleon success
suddenly gave him fame wealth and patronage of the new government.

Napoleon and Josephine

He also had new romance with Josephine De Beauharnais. Napoleon fell madly in love with
Josephine ending his relationship with Desiree by letter. Josephine and Napoleon married on
9th March 1796. Two after the wedding Napoleon left for a new military campaign in Italy.

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 Napoleon Italian Military Campaign

Napoleon believed that he was guided by a lucky star was shown especially for him in the sky.
Manifesting itself in his life through his wife Josephine. Napoleon’s beliefs made him
increasingly confident and fearless quickly advancing his troops on Italian soil achieving many
consecutive victories in just two weeks. The kingdom of Sardinia was subdued and northern
Italy came under French rule. During this period Napoleon began to Become internationally
famous his name was exalted throughout France. Top military leaders of other countries feared
his rapid rise.

During his stay in Italy, Napoleon collected many works of art of Italian origins as his military
achievements. He sent valuable clothes and jewelry to his beloved Josephine.

Napoleon always thought of his Josephine. He constantly sent romantic letters whose contents
made even the noblest ladies of French court. One of his letters Napoleon said to Josephine,
“you to whom nature has given spirit sweetness and beauty are the only one who can move
and rule my heart you know very well the absolutely empire you exercise over it”

But to Napoleon’s Modification, Josephine rarely answered his letters and when she did she
was dry and almost always distant. Due to complicate matters further Josephine was involved
in an extramarital relationship with Hussar lieutenant. Napoleon was still in Italy when he
learned of his wife’s infidelity. He was so furious that he almost abandoned his military
campaign to return France. Napoleon stops declaring his love for Josephine. Over the years he
had several mistresses.

Battle of Rivoli

With Napoleon in command, French won a decisive victory at the battle of rivoli in January
1797. During this battle Austrians lost about 14000 men. Because of the defeat were driven out
of Italian territory. In that year Napoleon and his troops went as far as Germany to attack the
heart of Austrian Empire. Napoleon tactics were superior again in a succession of victories
against Austrian troops. Austrians realized that they couldn’t hold Napoleon’s advance.
Without alternatives Austrians asked for a truce in a peace treaty.

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 Napoleon strategy

Napoleon expressed his admiration for the great generals of the past such as Hannibal barca,
Julius Caesar, Alexander the great was his favorite even adapting the Macedonian general’s
tactics to his artillery troops.one of Napoleon’s favorite strategies were the classic pincer
movement; engaging, surrounding enemy troops while moving his artillery pieces to support
the infantry.

Coup of 18 Fructidor

In military campaign that lasted just over a year, Napoleon became a National hero to the
French people. He conquered most of northern Italy and the Netherlands and sent countless
treasures to France.

But not all French people were satisfied with napoleon’s exploits. Some monarchists made
several accusations against Napoleon calming that he is abused his power by plundering Italy.
They warned that he might become a dictator.

In respond to the charges on 4th September Napoleon sent Pierre Augereau to Paris to lead a
coup d’état and purge the monarchists. This event known as the coup of 18 fructidor which
annulled many of the previous election results and removed the monarchists from political
office.

Napoleon’s Egypt Campaign

Napoleon’s military expedition to Egypt was primarily aimed at blocking British from
accessing the trade routes in India. Taking away a valuable source of products and resources.
To establish solid relations in the Middle East Napoleon wanted to join forces with Tipu the
sultan of Mysore who was enemy of the British. He also planned to establish relations with the
Indian princess and together with them attacked the British who had long oppressed the Indian
people.

Before he was leaving for Egypt, He was elected and took 167 scientists including
mathematicians naturalists and chemists they travelled with troops to conduct experiments and
collect historical artifacts.

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On his way to Egypt Napoleon captured the island of Malta 9th June 1798. He captured
important naval base losing only three men.

Battle of Shubra Khit

On 13st of July, The battle of shubra khit took place on Alexandria against Ottoman army
composed of mamluk cavalry the ruling military cast of Egypt. Napoleon won this battle by
establishing infantry squares a tactic that blocked the advance of enemy cavalry. French
soldiers were able to fire their muskets in different directions and support nearby units.

Battle of Pyramids

On 21st of July, The famous battle of pyramids took place on 24 kilometers away from the
pyramid of Giza, outside Cairo. Battle was won by Napoleon with 29 losses of French
soldiers. However mamluks lost 2000 warriors in this war. This victory boosted the moral of
the French army.

Battle of Nile

On 1st of August, the British royal navy and the navy of the French Republic fought
devastating naval battle in the Bay of Abu Theater on the Mediterranean coast of the Nile
River. It was glories victory of the British navy.

After the unexpected defeat, Napoleon stayed in Egypt and ordered an army to advance in to
the Ottoman Province of Damascus in Syria. During this battle Napoleon’s brutal personality
emerged. He ordered to his troops to drowned prisoners of war to save bullets.

After unsuccessful attacks, Napoleon guided troops back to Egypt. Days progressed he became
increase impatient and ruthless. As many soldiers in his army suffered from an epidemic of
bubonic plague. Dissatisfied with the slow pace of march that soldiers affected by the plague
be poisoned with Opium. Death troll remains a mystery as many as 580 lives were lost.

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 War of the second coalition

France had several defeated to a new coalition of new Europe countries. Britain and Holy
Roman Empire were starting this war. These new waves of battles known as second coalition
war.

During this time despite having received no explicit orders from Paris. His army remained in
Egypt and Napoleon arrived in Paris and found difficult situation. Republic was bankrupt and
leaders of the regime known as the directory were considered ineffective and unpopular by the
French population. Napoleon realized he had to make a bold move which could jeopardize his
career.

Napoleon’s return stirred up the French population which was deeply dissatisfied with the
dictatorial rule of the directory. He suffered some defeats in Egypt. Napoleon returned as a
hero and was acclaimed by the people.

Coup of 18 Brumaire

Napoleon formed an alliance with his younger brother and president of the 500 with director
Emmanuel Joshep Siaz and other allies, they overthrew directory in a coup d’etat. This event
known as end of revolution war.

New political era

Napoleon and allies formed a new political regime called the Consulate where Napoleon was
elected to the position of his first consul obtaining dictator like powers and control over the
most important affaires of France.

Constitution of the year VIII

Napoleon concerned to legitimize his power; he drafted the constitution of the year VIII and
secured his own election as first consul choosing the twilary palace as his residence. The
constitution was approved in a Fraudulent Pueblo site with 99 percentages of the votes in
favor.

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During Napoleon’s time in Egypt; France had lost almost all the territories which had
conquered during first coalition war. To reverse the situation; Napoleon fought back for Italy
and he faced Austrian armies.

Battle of Marengo

On 18th June 1800, Battle of Marengo took place Napoleon commanded 2400 troops against
30000 Austrian. Austrian had an advantage but French tactical retreats had never broken.
French general Michael Von Melos’s surprise attack driving the Austrians out of Italy.

Then Napoleon forced the Austrians to sign a new peace treaty. Finally consolidating his
political position in Paris as first council of France Napoleon’s new position created a new
wave of dangerous enemies.

Treaty of Amiens

France and Britain signed the treaty of Amiens in March in 1802. It was the end of
revolutionary wars. With Europe at peace and the economy recovering; Napoleon popularity
reached it higher levels and he was recognized at home and abroad.

Becoming First French Emperor

Napoleon was survived from two assassination attacks and he used this new assassination plot
to justify the creation of an imperial regime. In 1804 Napoleon was elected emperor of the
French by a vote count of 99 percent almost 3.6 million voters. This devotion of the French
population to Napoleon is considered a rare event in human history.

Napoleon’s coronation made official by pope pius VII took place on 2nd December 1804 at
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Napoleon crowned king of Italy on 26th may 1805. He chose
18 Marshals to ensure the loyalty of the French army.

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 Napoleonic Code

Napoleonic code enacted by Napoleon in 1804. It clarified and made uniform the private law
of France and followed Roman law in being divided into three books; the law of persons,
things, and modes of acquiring ownership of things. This code unified and modemized the
French legal system.

(NG, 2022)

The Distribution of the Eagle Standards

The distribution of the eagle standards is an 1810 oil painting by Jacques-Louis David
depicting a military ceremony in 1804 that was arranged by Napoleon after his assumption of
power as Emperor of France. A French Regiment’s eagle, personally given by Napoleon, was
mounted on top of its standard and represented the honor and pride of the soldiers who fought
under it.

(Dois, 2022)

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 1805 -1812 period of time in Emperor of France

Wars of third, fourth and fifth coalition happened that time. During the battles, Napoleon
invaded Prussia, Established the Confederation of the Rhine, captured statues of German and
took most of victories he was fought.

He was defeated in Battle of Aspren. It was his first battle lost in his career. Six weeks of
planning Battle of Vegram was won by him. He commanded 172000 troops against 136000
Austrians .During this battle he commanded a new offensive tactics in the biggest battle of his
career so far.

After the fight, Napoleon returned to France with terrible dilemma. He needed heir to took
over the vast empire which he had conquered. But his wife Josephine did not bear him a single
child. So he divorced his wife and married 18 years old Marie Louise daughter of emperor of
Austria. She gave birth to a boy baby known as II Napoleon.

Until 1812, French had 130 departments and ruled over 44 million subjects with huge military
presence in Germany, Italy, Austria and Prussia.

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 Napoleon Russian campaign

Napoleon had achieved impressive victories against all countries who have dared to challenge.
But this decision would bring unimaginable consequences for French emperor. After Captured
Moscow; due to lack of foods and proper shelter, and growing winter cold Napoleon and his
army withdrew from Moscow. His unsuccessful invention in Russia filled new conspiracies
against his position as emperor and his life.

All the enemies of France (Austria, Prussia, Russia and Britain) formed alliance support with
Sweden Spain and Portugal. But Napoleon didn’t like to surrender easily. So that battle of
Leipzig, the largest battle in Europe before I world war happened. Napoleon was defeated and
removed his powers and sent him to Mediterranean island of Elba.

One Last Time

After heard Josephine’s death and he suffered a lot. Then month after he escaped from Elba
with 700 men on worship. He arrived French mainland. Napoleon was intercepted by the fifth
regiment who had orders to capture the former emperor. He approached the regiment along
dismount form horse and shouted from distant “Here I am, kill your empire, if you wish” After
the heard of voice many soldiers were bow to him.

He marched to Paris and ruled 100 days Government until War of the seven coalition was
happened.

Last battle of Napoleon Bonaparte was battle of waterloo. After defeat, napoleon again threw
out from crown permanently. British exiled Napoleon to the island of sant Helena in the
Antarctic. He died at age 51 in 1821.

(durant, 2015)

Morals

Napoleon understood that moral factors are way more important than strength. Once he say
“the moral is to the physical as three is to one” and “ never interrupt your enemy when he is
making mistake” that is why he won most of battles. And also he had creativity, organizational

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talents and hardworking are true skills of his. He always focuses only one thing at one time.
And also he was good motivator. “Victory belongs to the most persevering”, A leader is a
dealer in hope”

Principals

Liberty, equality and fraternity become some of the most important principles of the
revolution. And also support civil equality, religious tolerance and equality of opportunity.
Napoleonic Code

Values

Napoleon was not irreligious in the ordinary sense of the word. But he invited priests to his
marriage. He said He loved with Josephine.

Standards

The distributor of eagle standards, Battle standards

Bibliography
Dois, M. (2022, auguest 15). The distribution of eagle standards. Retrieved november 15, 2022, from
wikipedia: Http;\\n.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/file;The_Distribtion_of_the_Eagle_Standards/

durant, w. (2015). Age of napoleon. new york: madura.

Mark, H. W. (2022, july 14). Napoleon Bonaprte During the Earky French Revolution (1789-1799).
Retrieved november 15, 2022, from worldhistory.org:
https;//www.worldhistory.org/image/16147/portrait-of-napoleon-bonaparte-1792/

NG, C. (2022, october 20). Napoleonic code. Retrieved november 15, 2022, from wikipedia:
Https;//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/file;Code_Civil_1804 png

Ng, D. (2016, may 22). Was Napoleon Bonparte French,Spanish,Arab or Italian. Retrieved november
15, 2022, from Quora: https;//www.quora.com/Was-Napoleon-Bonaparte-French-Spanish-
Arab-or-Italian#gid=1&pid=1

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