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Sample Assignment - Day 5 & 6

The document outlines key concepts in applied science for Year 12, focusing on atomic structure, isotopes, and the periodic table. It defines essential terms such as protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes, and relative atomic mass, while explaining their properties and differences. Additionally, it discusses the historical arrangement of elements by Mendeleev and contrasts it with the modern periodic table based on atomic number.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views5 pages

Sample Assignment - Day 5 & 6

The document outlines key concepts in applied science for Year 12, focusing on atomic structure, isotopes, and the periodic table. It defines essential terms such as protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes, and relative atomic mass, while explaining their properties and differences. Additionally, it discusses the historical arrangement of elements by Mendeleev and contrasts it with the modern periodic table based on atomic number.

Uploaded by

xilli7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACADEMIC SESSION 2024-2025- Term I

Name: Subject: Applied Science Year: 12 Topic: Learning Aim A Section:


12M Sample Assignment

1. Define the following terms:


• Proton : positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutron :A neutron is a neutral subatomic particle, meaning it has no electric charge.
• Electron :An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of
an atom in electron shells or energy levels.
2. Define the following terms:
• Isotope - atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a
different number of neutrons.

• Mass number - the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

• Relative atomic mass - The relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted

mean mass of its atom compared to 1/12the

mass of a carbon-12 atom.

3. Why do isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers but the same atomic
number? Same number of protons but different number of neutrions

4. Explain why isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties, even though
they have different physical properties.

Same number of outer shell electrons makes it have the same chemical properties The
difference in the number of neutrons affects properties such as density, melting and boiling
points, and stability
5. Complete the table below by ticking whether the quantity or property is the same or
different for two isotopes of the same element:

6. Why do isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers but identical
chemical properties?

Same number of outer shell electrons

7. Calculate the relative atomic mass of chlorine given the following information:

• Isotope 1: Chlorine-35 (mass = 35 amu, abundance = 75%)


• Isotope 2: Chlorine-37 (mass = 37 amu, abundance = 25%)
RAM=(35×0.75​)+(37×0.25​)
RAM=26.25+9.25=35.5 amu
TERM 1/WEEK 8/ WORKSHEET NO. 1 / APPLIED SCIENCE 2

8. Describe the structure of an atom using the example of a carbon atom (Carbon 12).

Thus, a carbon-12 atom consists of a small, dense nucleus containing 6 protons and 6
neutrons, surrounded by 6 electrons in two shells. This balance of protons, neutrons,
and electrons forms a stable, neutral atom of carbon.

9. Explain the difference between atomic number and mass number.


The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The mass
number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

10.Explain how Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table and why
the modern periodic table is arranged differently.
Mendeleev organized the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. He noticed that
elements with similar properties appeared at regular intervals, or
periodically.Mendeleev left gaps in his table for elements he believed were yet to be
discovered, predicting their properties based on trends he observed. For example, he
left spaces for elements like gallium and germanium, which were discovered later and
matched his predictions closely.The modern arrangement by atomic number, rather
than atomic mass, provides a more accurate representation of element properties.
With the discovery of subatomic particles, scientists could see that atomic number,
which defines an element’s identity, is the fundamental basis for periodic trends, not
atomic mass. This led to the modern periodic table, which aligns better with observed
chemical and physical properties
TERM 1/WEEK 8/ WORKSHEET NO. 1 / APPLIED SCIENCE 3

12.Compare the atomic and ionic radii of the following elements:

• Sodium (Na) Ionic radius (Na⁺) is smaller than atomic radius.

• Chlorine (Cl)Ionic radius (Cl⁻) is larger than atomic radius.

Why does atomic radius decrease across a period but increase down a group?
As you move across a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which
increases the nuclear charge. This pulls electrons closer to the nucleus while being in the
same shell
Moving down a group adds a new electron shell with each successive element. This
increases the distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus and increases the
atomic radii.

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