INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CAHINORC

SECOND SEMESTER | ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 |C. REBALLOS

things, a dreadful endless jungle into

PRE-TEST
which one does not dare enter, for there
Question 1: Organic chemistry is the study seems to be no way out."
of hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and -Friedrich Wöhler
hydrogen) and their derivatives.
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “ORGANIC”?
A. TRUE
B. FALSE • In everyday usage, the word organic can
be found in several different contexts’
Question 2: Organic compounds have high chemicals extracted from plants and animals
melting points and boiling points; and they were originally called:
usually do not decompose on heating. • "organic" Because they came from
A. TRUE living organisms.
B. FALSE • organic fertilizers are obtained
from living organisms.
Question 3: Identify: • organic foods are foods grown without
the use of pesticides or synthetic
A. Expanded Structural Formula fertilizers.
B. Condensed Structural Formula • In chemistry, the words "organic" and
C. Skeletal Structural Formula "organic chemistry" are defined a little
D. Bond line-formulas more precisely.

Question 4: What does the acronym VSEPR WHAT IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

stands for? Organic Chemistry is concerned with the
A. Valence Shell Electron Pair study of the structure and properties of
Repulsion compounds containing carbon.
B. Valence Steric Electron Pair • All organic compounds contain carbon
Repulsion atoms.
C. Valence Structure Electron Pai • Inorganic compounds contain no
Repulsion carbons. Most inorganic compounds
D. None of the above are ionic compounds.
• Some carbon compounds are not
Question 5: It is the charge assigned to an
considered to be organic (mostly for
atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons
historical reasons), such as CO, C02,
in all chemical bonds are shared equally
diamond, graphite, and salts of
between atoms.
carbon-containing polyatomic ions.
A. Formula Charge
B. Formula Chain
C. Formal Charge INORGANIC VS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
D. Formal Chain ORGANIC CHEMISTRY is defined as the study
of carbon-containing compounds
INTRO TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (hydrocarbon).
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY is study of the
"Organic Chemistry nowadays almost drives
remaining (not carbon-containing) subset
me mad. To me it appears like a primeval
of compounds, specifically inorganic
tropical forest full of the most remarkable
compounds and its properties and behavior.

LESSON 8 LEVI ACKERMAN | BSMT MED 234 1

 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CAHINORC
SECOND SEMESTER | ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 |C. REBALLOS

PROPERTIES ORGANIC INORGANIC

INORGANIC VS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Solubility yes no
• Organic compounds are held together in nonpolar
by covalent bonds, while inorganic liquids
Type of covalent ionic
compounds are held together by ionic
Bonding
bonds. Reaction molecules ions
Organic: occurs
between
Atoms per many few
molecule
Structure complex simpler
Electrolyte no yes
Inorganic:

IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

#1 Organic Chemistry studies chemical

reactions occurring inside living beings.

#2 Organic Chemistry is essential for

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY INORGANIC CHEMISTRY understanding biochemical principles and
Deals with organic Deals with biotechnology.
compounds made of inorganic
hydrocarbons. compounds, #3 Organic Chemistry allows scientists to
typically those create and explore new chemicals.
that have an ionic
base
#4 Organic Chemistry plays key role in
Includes reactions Includes acid-base
that depend on the reactions, Medicine and Pharmacy.
functional group displacement
present on the reactions, redox #5 Organic Chemistry studies and
compound. reactions etc. synthesized polymers.
Deals with oil, Mainly deals with
fats, sugars, etc. salt and crystals. #6 Many household chemicals, gasoline and
Melt and boil Have higher melting diesel fuel, skincare and cosmetic products
easily. points and degrade
contain organic chemicals as active
instead of burning
ingredients.

COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CPD

CARBON AND ITS PROPERTIES

PROPERTIES ORGANIC INORGANIC

Flammable yes no
Melting low high
point
Bboiling low high
point
Solubility No (for yes
in water most)

LESSON 8 LEVI ACKERMAN | BSMT MED 234 2

 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CAHINORC
SECOND SEMESTER | ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 |C. REBALLOS

Lewis’s structure - a very simplified

WHAT SO GREAT ABOUT CARBON
representation of the valence shell
• CARBONS can be linked by strong, electrons in a molecule; show as "dots" or
stable covalent bonds. for bonding electrons as a line between the
• Carbon atoms can form stable bonds to two atoms.
many other elements (H, F, Cl, Br, I,
O, N, S, P, etc.). Most organic
compounds contain a few hydrogens and
sometimes oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur,
phosphorus, etc.
• Carbon atoms can form complex
structures such as long chains,
branched chains, rings, chiral
compounds (having a particular
handedness") complex 3D shapes, etc.
VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION #2: Count the number of electron pairs
(VSEPR) around the central atom (bonding pairs and
lone pairs). Treat double and single bonds
A model used to predict 3D molecular as though they were single bonds.
geometry based on the number of valence
shell electron bond pairs among the atoms #3: Use the following tables to predict the
in a molecular or ion. geometry of the molecules.
Molecular Geometry is a method to determine
the shape of the molecule based on the
repulsion occurring between bond electron
pairs in the valence electron shell.

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING VSEPR MODEL

#1: Write the Lewis structure of the
molecule, considering only the electron
pairs around the central atom (that is the
atom that is bonded to more than one other
atom).

LESSON 8 LEVI ACKERMAN | BSMT MED 234 3

 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CAHINORC
SECOND SEMESTER | ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 |C. REBALLOS

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE & FORMAL CHARGES

#1: By bonding to four other atoms. This

situation requires the presence of four
single bonds. C. Skeletal Structural Formula. Is a
structural formula that shows the
arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms
present in an organic molecule but does not
show the hydrogen atoms attached to the
carbon atoms.
#2: By bonding to three other atoms. This
situation requires the presence of single
bonds and one double bond.

#3: By bonding to two other atoms. This

situation requires the presence of either
two double bonds or a triple bond and a
single bond.
ORGANIC STRUCTURE
#1: STRUCTURAL FORMULAS
: Is a two-dimensional structural
representation that shows how the various
atoms in a molecule are bonded to each
other.

A. Expanded Structural Formula. Is a

structural formula that shows all atoms in
a molecule and all bonds connecting the
atoms.
B. Condensed Structural Formula. Is a
structural formula that uses groupings of
atoms, in which central atoms and the atoms
connected to them are written as a group,
to convey molecular structural
information.

LESSON 8 LEVI ACKERMAN | BSMT MED 234 4