Republic of the Philippines

Region VIII
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION COLLEGE
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Tacloban City
________________________________________________________________
Course Title: PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE and COUNSELING
Topic: VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE DEFINED
 Purpose of Counseling in School
 Type of Counseling
 Elements of Counseling
Reporter: MARIA CONCEPCION G. GLINO
Program: MAED- GUIDANCE and COUNSELING
Professor: DR. OFELIA N. ALCOBER

The purpose of counseling in schools is to support students in their psychological,

academic, and social development.

. School counselors play a crucial role in addressing various aspects of students' lives,
including academic success, career planning, and social-emotional well-being. Some key
purposes of counseling in schools include:
1. Preparing students for academic, career, and social challenges: School
counselors help students relate their academic success with the potential
success of their future lives, ensuring that they are well-prepared for the
challenges they will face
2. Addressing mental health and social-emotional learning: School counseling
programs aim to improve students' academic performance and social skills by
addressing mental health issues and promoting social-emotional learning

3. Providing guidance and support: School counselors offer individual and group
counseling sessions, as well as classroom lessons, to help students develop
essential skills such as empathy, healthy peer relationships, and coping strategies
for school or community-related challenges

4. Ensuring equitable opportunities for all students: Through the school

counseling program, school counselors ensure that all students have access to
equitable academic, career, and social-emotional development opportunities

5. Collaborating with other professionals: School counselors work closely with

other professionals, such as teachers, administrators, and mental health
specialists, to provide comprehensive support for students and their families

6. Developing and implementing school counseling programs: School

counselors design and deliver school counseling programs that improve student
outcomes, focusing on prevention and intervention strategies to address various
student needs

These purposes of counseling in school within the framework of guidance and counseling
aim to support students in their holistic development and overall well-being.
What is the role of counseling in schools?

Role of Counseling in Schools

The role of counseling in schools encompasses various functions that are essential to
supporting the overall development and well-being of students. These roles include:
1. Academic Support: Providing assistance to students in setting and achieving
academic goals, improving study skills, and addressing educational challenges.
 2. Personal and Social Development: Supporting students in developing
positive self-esteem, effective interpersonal skills, and emotional resilience.

3. Career Guidance: Assisting students in exploring career options, making

informed career decisions, and developing future plans.

4. Mental Health Support: Identifying and addressing mental health concerns,

promoting emotional wellness, and providing counseling services for students
in need.
5. Crisis Intervention: Offering support and intervention during times of crisis,
such as grief, trauma, or emergencies, to help students cope with challenging
situations.

6. Behavioral Intervention: Implementing strategies to address behavioral

issues, promote positive behavior, and create a conducive learning
environment.

7. Collaboration with Stakeholders: Working collaboratively with teachers,

parents, and other professionals to support the holistic needs of students.

The role of counseling in schools is multifaceted, aiming to foster the academic, personal,
social, and emotional growth of students while addressing their diverse needs.

Overall, the purpose of counseling in school is to support the holistic development and
well-being of students, addressing their academic, personal, social, and emotional needs.
What are the benefits of counseling in schools?
Benefits of Counseling in Schools
Counseling in schools provides numerous benefits for students, including:
1. Improved Academic Performance: Counseling supports students in setting
and achieving academic goals, leading to improved performance and success
in their studies.
2. Enhanced Emotional Well-being: Students receive support in managing
emotions, building resilience, and addressing mental health concerns, leading
to improved overall well-being.
3. Positive Social Skills: Counseling helps students develop healthy
interpersonal relationships, communication skills, and conflict resolution
abilities.
4. Career Readiness: Guidance from counselors assists students in exploring
career options, making informed decisions, and developing plans for their
future careers.
5. Crisis Management: Counselors provide essential support during times of
crisis, helping students cope with challenges and trauma.
6. Behavioral Improvement: Counseling helps address behavioral issues,
leading to improved conduct and a positive school environment.
7. Early Intervention: Identifying and addressing concerns early on can prevent
issues from escalating, leading to better long-term outcomes for students.
8. Holistic Development: Overall, counseling supports the holistic development
of students, addressing their academic, personal, social, and emotional needs.

These benefits highlight the significant positive impact of counseling in schools on

students' overall growth and success.
TYPES OF COUNSELING

There are various types of counseling, each with its own focus and approach. Some
common types of counseling include:
1. Humanistic Counseling: This type of talk therapy is based on the assumption
that every individual is unique, focusing on how a patient experiences life events
and the resulting emotions.
2. Cognitive Counseling: This approach focuses on identifying and changing
negative thought patterns and beliefs to address emotional and behavioral
problems

3. Behavioral Counseling: Behavioral counselors primarily focus on how behavior

is impacted by environmental factors, as opposed to thoughts or unconscious
motivations

4. School and Career Counseling: This involves helping students with academic,
career, and social challenges, as well as guiding them in their career and
educational goals

5. Mental Health Counseling: Mental health counselors work with individuals,

families, and groups to address issues such as depression, anxiety, and substance
abuse

7. Substance Abuse Counseling: This specialty focuses on helping individuals

overcome and manage issues related to substance abuse and addiction

8. Marriage and Family Counseling: This type of counseling helps couples and
families resolve conflicts, improve communication, and address various
relationship issues

These are just a few examples of the many counseling specialties available, each with its
own unique focus and methods to help individuals, couples, and families overcome
challenges and improve their well-being.

Each type of counseling serves specific purposes and targets different aspects of
students' lives, aiming to provide the necessary support and guidance for their well-being
and development.
Can you provide examples of different counseling approaches?
Certainly! There are various counseling approaches utilized by professionals to address
the diverse needs of students. Here are examples of different counseling approaches:
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This approach focuses on identifying
and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to promote positive
mental health and emotional well-being.
2. Person-Centered Therapy: Also known as client-centered therapy, this
approach emphasizes the importance of empathy, unconditional positive
regard, and genuineness in the therapeutic relationship to foster self-discovery
and personal growth.
3. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT): SFBT is goal-oriented and focuses
on identifying solutions and building on strengths rather than dwelling on
problems, aiming for quick and effective outcomes.
4. Reality Therapy: This approach emphasizes personal responsibility, focusing
on the present and future rather than past experiences, and encourages
individuals to make choices that lead to positive outcomes.
 5. Gestalt Therapy: Gestalt therapy focuses on the present moment and the
client's experience, emphasizing awareness, personal responsibility, and the
integration of mind, body, and emotions.

6. Narrative Therapy: This approach views individuals as the authors of their

own stories and helps them reframe and reconstruct their narratives to
promote personal empowerment and resilience.
7. Play Therapy: Primarily used with younger students, play therapy utilizes
play and creative activities to help children express their emotions, solve
problems, and develop coping skills.

These counseling approaches offer diverse strategies and techniques to address the
specific needs and goals of students in a school counseling setting.
An example of a counseling approach for students with behavioral issues is Behavioral
Therapy. This approach focuses on understanding and modifying specific behaviors
through a structured and goal-oriented process. Here's how it can be applied in a school
counseling setting:
Behavioral Therapy for Students with Behavioral Issues:
1. Behavior Analysis: The counselor conducts a thorough assessment of the
student's behavior, identifying specific patterns, triggers, and consequences
associated with the behavior.
2. Goal Setting: Collaboratively with the student, the counselor sets clear and
achievable behavioral goals, such as managing anger, improving social skills,
or reducing disruptive behaviors in the classroom.
3. Behavior Modification Techniques: The counselor implements evidence-
based techniques such as positive reinforcement, token economy systems, and
social skills training to promote positive behavior and reduce challenging
behaviors.
4. Coping Strategies: The counselor teaches the student effective coping
strategies, problem-solving skills, and self-regulation techniques to manage
emotions and behaviors in various situations.
5. Collaboration with School Staff: The counselor works closely with teachers
and other school staff to ensure consistency in implementing behavioral
strategies and interventions across different settings.
6. Progress Monitoring: Regularly evaluating the student's progress, adjusting
strategies as needed, and celebrating successes to reinforce positive behavior
changes.
By applying behavioral therapy in a school counseling context, students with
behavioral issues can receive targeted support to improve their behavior, social
interactions, and overall adjustment within the school environment.

Here's an example of a counseling principle in action:

Empathy and Understanding:
A school counselor demonstrates empathy and understanding when working with a
student who is experiencing difficulties with peer relationships. The counselor actively
listens to the student's concerns, acknowledges their emotions, and communicates a
genuine understanding of the challenges the student is facing. By providing a supportive
and empathetic environment, the counselor helps the student feel valued and validated,
fostering a sense of emotional well-being and trust within the counseling relationship

THE ELEMENTS OF COUNSELING widely known and appreciated for its simplicity,
clarity, and brevity provides a simple conceptual framework for thinking about
counseling. Covering the basic elements of counseling in an abbreviated outline format,
Meier and Davis use counselor/client dialog to introduce students to counseling skills and
effectively demonstrate each necessary skill in a 'real world' setting.
THE ELEMENTS OF COUNSELING presents information that is essential both for beginning
counselors to know and for experienced
The elements of counseling encompass various key topics essential for both beginning
and experienced counselors. These elements include:
1. Relationship Building: Focusing on establishing a strong and trusting relationship
between the counselor and the client.
2. The Counseling Process: Understanding the stages and dynamics of the
counseling process, from initial assessment to termination.
3. Self-Exploration: Encouraging clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors to gain self-awareness and insight.
4. Foundations of Intervention: Providing the groundwork upon which further
counseling interventions are built, such as theoretical approaches and technique
In addition to these elements, counseling also involves various skills and techniques,
including active listening, empathy, genuineness, and the ability to ask the right
questions
. These elements and skills are fundamental to the practice of counseling and are
essential for supporting clients in their personal, academic, and career
development.

Here's a more detailed explanation of the elements of guidance counseling:

1. Assessment and Evaluation: This involves using various tools and methods
to gather information about students' strengths, weaknesses, interests, and
abilities. This information helps counselors understand students' needs and
develop personalized guidance plans.
2. Individual and Group Counseling: Guidance counselors provide support and
guidance to students through individual counseling sessions, where they
address personal, academic, and career-related concerns. Group counseling
sessions may focus on topics such as study skills, social skills, or career
exploration.
3. Academic Planning: Counselors work with students to set academic goals,
select appropriate courses, and create academic plans that align with students'
interests and abilities. They may also assist in the college and career planning
process.
4. Career Development: This element involves helping students explore career
options, develop career-related skills, and make informed decisions about their
future paths. Counselors may provide career assessments, job shadowing
opportunities, and resources for post-secondary education or training.
5. Personal/Social Development: Guidance counselors address students'
personal and social needs, including emotional well-being, coping skills, conflict
resolution, and decision-making abilities. They may also provide support for
mental health concerns and refer students to outside resources when needed.
6. Collaboration and Consultation: Counselors collaborate with teachers,
parents, and other professionals to support students' overall development.
They may consult with teachers on student academic progress, collaborate
with parents on interventions or support strategies, and work with outside
agencies to address students' needs.
7. Advocacy: Counselors serve as advocates for students within the school and
community, ensuring that student's academic, career, and personal needs are
recognized and addressed. They may advocate for resources,
accommodations, and support services to meet students' diverse needs.

These elements work together to create a comprehensive guidance counseling program

that supports students in their academic, career, and personal growth.