Final Exam Tutorial

Matematika Ekonomi I - 2024

Prepared by
Mutiara Afriansa Pramesti
Gabriela Beatrice Nifahowuoziliwu

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Cramer’s Rule
1. a

Find Solution for x1, x2, x3 using Cramer’s Rule

1. b

Find Solution for x1, x2, x3 using Cramer’s Rule

Final Exam Materials:
1. Differentiation and derivatives
2. Applied in economics and business
3. Integral
4. Improper integral
5. Unconstrained Optimization
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian
1. Differentiation and
derivatives
 1. Differentiation and derivatives
Difference Quotient
menunjukkan average rate of change between 2 points
(delta Δ)

Consider a function y=f(x). A change in y per unit of

a change in x is called difference quotient, and is
computed as follows:
 1. Differentiation and derivatives
Rules
Derivative function Sum-difference rule:
● Turunan/derivatif memberikan slope pada
suatu titik
● Rumus limit → untuk mendefinisikan derivatif
sebagai perbandingan laju perubahan y Product rule:
terhadap x saat interval menjadi sangat kecil
Derivatif dari suatu fungsi 𝑓(𝑥) di titik 𝑥0 didefinisikan
sebagai limit dari rasio perbedaan (difference quotient) Quotient rule:
saat Δ𝑥 → 0:

Chain rule:
 1. Differentiation and derivatives

Simple Market Model

1. Differentiation and derivatives
1. Differentiation and derivatives
-

-
0x)
f(x)
lim f(x
-

f(x) =

0x -
0
-
0X

(x2 3x -
4]
0x) 4
+
-

3(x
-

lim
#
+

=
-
wX - 8 0 27
0x

#Y
+

4) x
/y 4 +
30x
-
-
-

-lim 1
+

dX - 0 0
X
2x +
3
lim + +
30x

↑
-
-
+ 0
X
-

lim
-

⑧X
lim
->
D
#ex +
xx +
3) -D
X -
0
2x + 0x +
3

*
2. Applied in economics
and business
 2. Applied in economics and business
Total Cost (TC) Total Cost

Fixed Cost

Variable Cost

Average Cost/AC (unit costs)

- TC = fixed cost + variable cost

- Positive intercept → pay these costs even if
you don't produce anything (fixed costs)
- positive slope & increasing with more output
 2. Applied in economics and business
Marginal Cost (MC) Marginal Revenue (MR)

W
MC 1 MR 1

w
MC 2 MR 2

MC1 → using Δ𝑇𝐶 untuk hitung biaya tambahan - output kecil → MR positive W
-

- output besar → MR nol or negative (jika

per unit -

penambahan unit menyebabkan penurunan total

MC2 → differential approach → more precise pendapatan)
 2. Applied in economics and business

Lost
Revenue
Profit
-

(357x 1800x)
( 3x 3 +

+ -
P(x) =

-y2-1000X
Marginal profit =
-

9x + 486X-1500
1000
9x2 21243/X
-

-
q((x) -
+
-
=

I
=

0X I ha production
11 units
dati 10 ke
10 Unit X
at
MP 2 1800
406(10) -

make PNfT akan

g(10)
2)
+
-

p1(10) - x

$2160
=

x 10 naik
1800
=

4860 -

=- 900
+

=2160
 2. Applied in economics and business

-
Marginal profit =
-

5x + 486x-1800
1000
9x2 21243/X
-

q((x)
1
+
-
=
=

I
production naik

- 9(100)
"
486(100) - 1800 SinG
p'(100)
+

= turn
dan 100 ke IUI 2f propt my a

000 48600 -
1800 -
90
+

= - .

= 43 . 200
2. Applied in economics and business
 100 0 01 X
4
-

-> ,
Demand funct
=

L
((x) 50x 10 000
funct + .
-

COSA
=

profit

L
x P 500
52 500)
1
,
+
2
TR =
. ,

"
=x (100 -0 , 01x) 52 500
.

0 01 x2
100 x
-
.

R(1) =

P(x) R(x) -

((x)
funct
=

profit
(100x 0142) (50x 10
000)
⑰
-0
+ .
-

,
- n
en

- 0 ,
0142-10 .

000

proftMax :
0 No When 2500

p(2500) =
10(2500) -0 , 01(2500)" -
10 000
.

10 000
62%00
,

125
-

=
,
000 -

=I 2 .
700
3. Integral
 3. Integral
Rules of Integration The Riemann (Definite) Integral

O
3. Integral

4) I: (x"
(x8 4x + (0)dX

It
+
+

x" 10x)
x = x
+

! +
+

-(5x +

!x
4
+ 2x +
10x) !
(1+ 211) Su]
=(I(1" 10(1) -

+ +

stati
12 7 - + 10 10 +
+
-

1
:It
+

=
,
 I
b)
J x dx =

1 x
*
a) I ,
6xe" dx

I
3 2

(5x4]
x
+

u
x
=

du xdX
⑮
= 2
:

* =" ) : x dx E du
=

= ] subst Ke
integral
3

-Sen : A
e
- . . . .

34 "3 . 59 598) ,

(10e"] ,
= 163 ,
0

c) 100"ax =

e-3(2 +10) ,

, =S , 3e" C Y &, 155

+

-109"]
I

=(1090
~8
"
= , 3(e ) +

(1) 679
39"-se'
3

(3ex) ,
=10 ,
-

- =

=
6 ,
321
8 0, 155
163
-

= ,

155 643
, ,
eS ,
Y+ sub
=

C
2 3
(11 1 =

2(1)
+
=

3 4
+

2x X 1
=

x SING
-
+

u
=

~x
0 4 12
(2)3
2
3 x 2dX 2(2)
+ =

du =
+

x =
2
-

x4 = +
=

substitu Sikan
Sydn= In (ul

S. ** =

S "tan we

"

~ [In(ul] .

~x In (12) - In (3)
I
 Max profit -
MR = MC

3. Integral Ly P =
MR H
P = MR =

MC

·
1 : 9 "99 +1! 3 49

I
.

- -
Po M((94
a)
234 ?
=

3 ↓
902 3
(8
7
+

3 4
7
3(0)
=

90 3(2)
-

== 2
= -

"MC(q) da
2
-

90
=
=

S
⑳
IS (P0) =
PO40 .
-

5
=

0 72 --

So (92 3)dq
+

-(5-6)
n
-
subsfusi
= :

ly -
=

B - : 5
=
 I
P
-
by 12

-J. MC (qdq 4(p)

=

5
12
p a)
=

= Mc , (a
PS15)
-
=

92
=12
12 3
(8(92
+

12.3)
- +

3)dq
q2 9
=

=
36 -

(2 39] +

At

=36(2 +
3(3)) -
0

=
36 ( -
+

9)
(9 3)
36-18 =
10
=36
=

,
+
-
4. Improper integral
4. Improper integral
4. Improper integral
D

/IM See
· dx
ex
a -
-x
- 20 jet=
/m
a -
-
5
-
2
e la -
2

e-e
.

e
= e -

I . =
4. Improper integral
/b

Sx = )

-
-
a

-X- ? dX
1X
- 0 + 1 = 1
n+

lim
6-8 B
!X
-
2
+ D - .

li
-

Im - x
X
b -

lim
b
-
x
-
i
4. APPLICATION OF THE INTEGRAL I:
CONSUMER AND PRODUCER SURPLUS
4. Improper integral

-(9) s(a) 69
= 3(TM)

~
=

20 q + 2 SM
-

a+ 1
--
20 -
-
2
q 2)(q
+
1) +

2
2
9+29
+

9
~
+

20 =

2 20
q2 34+
.

0 =
+

18
q2 3q
= -
+
0

6)(9- 3) 0

(9
=
+
 pe

L
5
S(9) 2 =

9
+

-o
=

~
3
P(q) =
= qe = [S
is
Mande
pa

Cs-ipa)da-p
= 5
ge
=

= 3
3
Side 5

3)2dq
.

atten (n(x)
-

%
=

I co
15
.
In (a +
1)
15
=
co(n()-20nr- 200

-
27 . 73 -
15
-

-
-
12 .

73()
D(q) 2 De
5
=
=

1
q +

98 = 3
S(q) =
9
+
2

PS =
pe .

ge -9s(q)dq
O

=
5 .

3 -
9 +

2d9
=
15 -
9 +

29) 3
O

=
15 -
192729/
15
1149 6) +

4-51)
-
-

-
-
15 -
10 .
5 =
5. Unconstrained
Optimization
5. Unconstrained Optimization

● Cari titik kritis dengan menyamakan turunan pertama dengan

nol: f′(x)=0
● Gunakan turunan kedua f′′(x) untuk menentukan sifat titik
kritis
● Fungsi cekung ke atas f′′(x)>0 memiliki minimum global.
● Fungsi cekung ke bawah f′′(x)<0 memiliki maksimum global.
5. Unconstrained Optimization

FOC critical Poin

D -t
ax- 5
0 5x2
A(X)
+

.
=

X-
=

F'(X)
4
5 x
+

2 - 0 .

4
= .

x
=

->
x'(x) x =4 - +

first
d2+ - x 4
2) SOC
+

=-
-

dx2= xX 1
I
1-
-

1
--1 .
D =-
5. Unconstrained Optimization

02 x -2 3 x 60x
1) C(x) =
3 ,
0 .
.
+

60
0 =0
.

0642 - 6X +

100 X+ 1000
0 =

=V
b b
12
2 -

<
- 4a[ 10
---
10 . 000
- 4000

~15
-

- 2 400
-

24 -
100 n
r
6006
- -
2

20
r
15
100
+

Ye --

2
-
 60
8 0642 6x +

6x
0
: -

06 x -

c"(X) =
2 . 0 .

6
0 =
0 .
12X -

11 27
-X,
=
.

20 5
+ 08 73
100 -
x2
.

Ye -
-
2
=

4 $5
12(11 27) 6 -
.

- =

0 .
.

55
4
12003) -
6 =
.

· .

<"30
malmum
6. Constrained optimization
with Lagrangian
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian

=
is
-0
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian
-
EX -

2 ,
-24

C E
.

--
.

= 4X,

0 C
2

2x2 52
1 =
2x1 +
3x2 +
x(10 -

=
I -
iz
4xX1
-
2 =

2
H
-
X
2-2 2xX1
·
=
0 =
-

4x1
.

- -

2x1 -
-
2 -4xX) = 0
- 3
x =
= 10XX2
· st
=3-
2 .
5xX2 =
0
10X2
-

2X2 =3-10XX2 0
=

2 2x ,
2
- 5x2
10
-
·
-
-
ex
-
I
x = Y
18
=
5Y2 x

j
2
-
-

4X
-

10X2 10 = )x
I
20X2= 12X1 10 =
-x95

0
- P
xx 2X2 EX2 10 9
x2
= .

=
=
=

12
3 I5
x

10 - 2x2 -5x22 =
0 xx =
19
/
/
2(x2)
xi
x2
=

10 - -
5 =
0

10 -

2(x2) -
5 X2-- 0
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian

0 25
.

X2
0
.

25)
x(10 x
-

2 =

2x1 +
4xc +

0 . 15

25X 25-8X/2
0

87 2
.

-
0
· -

2 0 .

-=
-
75

-0-75xx2
0
.

&
-x1

3
=
252
=2-0
.

0
. 25-1 05
·

x = 4 - 0 .

75X2 x X ,
0-25 0
.
25

2x2
-

xX

%x 4 -
O
-
4 u

0-25
22
~ - lo -

-X
 5
75
④ I 16

/
25Xx50
.

x, -> --
.

0
->
=

2
-
8 .

-
~
-25 25
N
525x2-
0
.

Fas
x,
-

Xo . X
I 2

025 Xe
75
24X
.

0
.

25X , ·
X
2

75xxp25x20
-

6
-

75f0 25 .

4
0 25+ 0-75
0
-

1642
-

24X

1 t
-

16x2
I 24X1
=

x
0
25
-
2 X=
4 X
I ⑰ -
R-025
M
025
x - -
25
-

x
-
- 25 0
X2
=
-
0

3x
⑰X Y
.

4
 See
* 75

2 X;
0 .

10 x, D

③
- -

Xx" (1 5 X) " = 10 -25

25
.

18 -
.
=

x, ·
x ,

25 + 0 75
-

0 .

10 X 1 3554
0
· .

= -

10+Xx
1 .

3554
0 =
-

10 X
=

3554
38/
1 .

x1 =
2 .

1 5(x))
x2
06/)
= .

38 11
5(7
= =

1
.

x2
.
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian

↓ di file lain
ya
Jawaban
6. Constrained optimization with Lagrangian
- g(x x)
BD
,

2 -
X2= z =

gx Eg
=

=
-
x
4. To
20
4X1
K
91
is X
n

300
=
0 .
31

I
0
Hiz
-
-

Hin
⑧
[
H =

UR2
ge - 82
= 2- aXXy
UcI
-

-x1
92
D
O
Gr -
22 = - 4X
2

3-52
-XI
22
CX 5X
= 0
- = 10 - -
OL -
-
2x2
2x 227 01l z
22 -
10X
-= -
-
>x1X) 2x22
 C
4 XI
a
j
-

4X O

[ CC
+
-

0
-
10X -

10X
L②
qX
-

10X2 0 -

[0 I
31 19

]
-

①
H
0
.

4
.
- .

=
co
0 3)
.
-

10 19
.

- - -
coI !

48

I
6 .

[ -
1 23 0 -

=
.
-

31
-
9 .

73
O
6 48 9 75
·
- . - .

1H) = 24670 - treaximum

 -
I*
6 48

(H)
23 0
.
u

-
1 .

- 6 48.
-
9 73.

2
I
9 73 9
6 48 -123
:
-

3 1
.

O-1-540
. .
-

070
+
-

.. .

+
- /

-8
3)
C
130 17-115
-
.
- .
-
-

(245
-
-

it - 246
Thank you

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