CBSE Class 12 Physics Question Paper Solution 2016

MARKING SCHEME

SET 55/1/E

Q. No. Expected Answer / Value Points Marks Total

Marks

(SECTION A)
Set1,Q1 Potentiometer ‘Q’ will be preferred
Set2,Q5 1
Reason:- 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∝ 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑘)
Set3,Q2 ½
Since potential gradient is less, sensitivity is more. ½ 1
[Note: Also accept if the student just writs that potential gradient is less for
potentiometer Q]
Set1,Q2
Set2,Q3
Set3,Q1

Graph of V ½
Graph of I ½ 1
Set1,Q3
Set2,Q2
Set3,Q4

[Note: If students write truth table correctly then award ½ mark.] 1

Set1,Q4 For a.c. source, circuit is complete due to the presence of displacement
Set2,Q4 current in the capacitor. For steady dc, there is no displacement current, ½+½
Set3,Q5 therefore, circuit is not complete.

1 1
[Alternatively, Capacitive reactance 𝑋𝑐 = =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝜔𝐶
So, capacitor allows easy path for a.c. source.
For d.c, f= 0, so Xc = infinity, ½+½ 1
So capacitor blocks d.c]
Set1,Q5 Conductivity of a conductor is the current flowing per unit area per unit
Set2,Q1 electric field applied.
Set3,Q3 𝐽 ½
[Alternatively, conductivity 𝜎 = ]
𝐸

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 Depends upon number density i.e. nature of material, and relaxation time i.e. ½ 1
temperature.
(SECTION B)

Set1,Q6 Derivation of expression for work done 2

Set2,Q8
Set3,Q7
Work done against the restoring torque

𝑑𝑤 =τ dθ ½

𝑑𝑤 = 𝑝𝐸 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ½
𝜃1
∴, 𝑊 = pE 𝜃0 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ½

= pE cos 𝜃0 − cos 𝜃1 ½ 2

Set1,Q7 de-Broglie wavelength ½

Set2,Q9 Condition of stationary orbits ½
Set3,Q6
Obtaining Bohr’s Postulate of quantization of orbital angular momentum.1

𝑕 ½
de Broglie wavelength, λ = 𝑚𝑣

For electron moving in the nth orbit, 2𝜋𝑟 = 𝑛𝜆

½
𝑛𝑕
∴ 2𝜋𝑟 =
𝑚𝑣
𝑛𝑕
∴ mvr = 2𝜋 = L (orbital angular momentum) ½

This is Bohr’s Postulate of quantization of orbital angular momentum.

½ 2

Set1,Q8 Explanation of the concept of Mobile Telephony ½

Set2,Q10 Explanation of working 1½
Set3,Q9
Concept of mobile telephony is to divide the service area into a suitable
number of cells centred on an office MTSO (Mobile Telephone Switching ½
Office) / Mobile telephony means that you can talk to any person from
anywhere.

Explanation:
1. Entire service area is divided into smaller parts called cells. ½
2. Each cell has a base station to receive and send signals to mobiles. ½
3. Each base station is linked to MTSO. MTSO co-ordinates between ½ 2

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 base station and TCO (Telephone Control Office)

Set1,Q9
Formula ½
Set2,Q7
Set3,Q10 Calculation ½
Longest Wavelength ½
Identification of Series ½

1 1 1
=𝑅 2− 2 ½
𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑛𝑓 𝑛𝑖

The energy of the incident photon = 12.5 eV

Energy of ground state = -13.6eV

∴, Energy after absorption of photon can be -1.1eV

This means that electron can go to the excited state 𝑛𝑖 = 3. It emits photons
of maximum wavelength on going to 𝑛𝑓 = 2 i.e.

1 1 1
= − 𝑅 ½
𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥 2² 3²

36
𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
5𝑅
36
= 5×1.1×10 7

= 6.555 × 10−7 m = 6555 𝐴° ½

It belongs to Balmer Series. ½

[Note:-
(1) If student just writes the formula
1 1 1
=𝑅 −
𝜆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑓2 𝑛 𝑖2
for the wavelength of different levels in the Hydrogen spectrum and
calculates 𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥 for any series, award full 3 marks.
(2) Also award full 3 marks if the student writes that the energy of the excited
state cannot be 12.5eV]
OR

Formula 1
Calculation 1

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 𝑛𝑕
𝑣=
2𝜋𝑚𝑟
1 𝑛2 𝑕2
And 𝑟 = 𝑘 4𝜋 2 𝑚 𝑒 2 ½
2𝜋𝑒 2
So, 𝑣 = 𝑘 𝑛𝑕
In first excited state ½
n=2
2𝜋𝑘𝑒 2 ½
So velocity 𝑣2 = 2𝑕
= 1.09 × 106 ms-1 ½

OR
1 𝑐
Velocity of electron, 𝑣𝑛 = 137 𝑛 1
In first excited state n =2
So velocity in first excited state (𝑣2 )
1 𝑐
= 137 2 ½
= 1.09 × 106 ms-1 ½ 2

Set1,Q10 (i) How are infrared waves produced ½

Set2,Q6 One important use ½
Set3,Q8 (ii) Reason (any one) 1

(i) Infrared waves are produced by hot bodies and molecules. ½

Important use( Any one)

To treat muscular strains/ To reveal the secret writings on the ancient
walls/ For producing dehydrated fruits/ Solar heater/ Solar cooker ½

Ozone layer protects us from harmful U-V rays 1 2

(SECTION C)

Set1,Q11 (i) Electric Flux through the shell 1

Set2,Q15 (ii) Statement of Law 1
Set3,Q12 (iii) Force on charge at C 1
2
Force on charge at A 1
2

(i) Electric flux through a Gaussian surface,

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑕𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 ½
𝜑= ∈ 0

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 Net charge enclosed inside the shell q=0
𝑞
∴ Electric flux through the shell ∈ =0 ½
𝑜
Award ½ mark even when the student writes - Electric flux through the shell
is zero as electric field inside the shell is zero.

(ii) Gauss Law- Electric flux through a Gaussian surface is 1 ∈ 1

0
times the net charge enclosed with in it.
𝑞
Alternatively, 𝐸 . 𝑑𝑆 =
𝐸0
𝑄
(iii) Force on the charge at the centre i.e. Charget 2=0
½
𝑄
1 2𝑄 × 𝑄+ 2
𝐹𝐴 = 4𝜋𝐸
0 𝑥2
1 3𝑄 2
= 4𝜋𝐸0 𝑥 2 ½ 3

Set1,Q12
How galvanometer is converted in to a voltmeter and an Ammeter ½ + ½
Set2,Q13
Set3,Q21 Diagram for conversion of galvanometer into a voltmeter and an ½+½
Ammeter.
Resistance of each arrangement ½+½

A galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter by connecting a high resistance

‘R’ in series with it. ½
A galvanometer is converted into an ammeter by connecting a small
resistance (called shunt) in parallel with it. ½

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 Resistance of voltmeter, 𝑅𝑉 = G + R ½

𝐺𝑟
Resistance for Ammeter, 𝑅𝐴 = 𝐺+ 𝑟𝑠
𝑠 ½ 3

Set1,Q13 (i) Total Internal Reflection (definition) ½

Set2,Q14
Conditions for T.I.R 1
Set3,Q17
(ii) Finding the relation between critical angle and 1
Refractive Index
(iii) Phenomenon based on Total Internal Reflection ½

(i) When a ray of light travels from a denser medium into a rarer
medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, it reflects back
into the denser medium. This phenomenon is called total internal
reflection. ½
Conditions for total internal reflection

(a) Light should travel from denser medium to rarer medium. ½

(b) Angle of incidence should be greater than critical angle. ½

1 sin 𝑖
(ii) = , for total internal reflection to occur 𝑖 ≥ 𝑖𝑐 at critical
𝜇 sin 𝑟 ½
1 sin 𝑖𝑐
angle, angle of refraction 𝑟 = 90° , hence =
𝜇 sin 90°
1
⟹𝜇=
sin 𝑖𝑐 ½
(iii) Mirage/ sparkling of diamond/ optical fiber/ totally reflecting
Prism/ shinning of air bubbles in water.(any one) ½ 3

Set1,Q14 Global Positioning System 1

Set2,Q21
Brief explanation of the Working Principle 2
Set3,Q16

Global Positioning System is method of identifying location or position of

any point or a person on earth using a system of 24 satellites, which are 1
continuously orbiting, observing, monitoring and mapping the earth.

Working Principle:
(i) The unique location of GPS user is determined by measuring its 1
distance from at least three GPS satellites.
(ii) Using these values of distances, obtained from three satellites, a
microprocessor, fitted in GPS device, determines the exact 1 3
location.

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Set1,Q15 Formula for Activity 1
Set2,Q18 Calculation & result 2
Set3,Q15

Activity, R = λN ½
0.693 ½
= 𝑁
𝑇1
2

0.693
Activity ( R ) = xN ½
1.42×10 17
238
= 2503 × 1020 ½
Number of nuclei present in 1 gram sample of 92𝑈

0.693 6.0 × 10 26
⟹ 𝑅 = 1.42×10 17 x 238 × 10 3 s-1 ½

= 1.23 × 104 s-1 ½ 3

Set1,Q16 Schematic arrangement ½

Set2,Q20 Principle ½
Set3,Q19 Relation between Primary and Secondary Voltages 1
Relation between currents in Primary and Secondary Coils 1

Alternatively,

When the current through the primary coil changes, the magnetic flux through

Page | 7
 the secondary changes. This produces an induced emf in the secondary coil/ it ½
works on mutual induction.

𝑑𝜑
𝜀𝑠 = - 𝑁𝑠 𝑑𝑡 ½
𝑑𝜑
𝜀𝑝 = - 𝑁𝑝 𝑑𝑡

𝜀𝑠 𝑁 ½
= 𝑁𝑠
𝜀𝑝 𝑝

½
𝑖𝑠 𝜀𝑠 = 𝑖𝑝 𝜀𝑝 (for ideal transformer)

𝑖𝑠 𝜀𝑝
=𝜀 ½ 3
𝑖𝑝 𝑠

Set1,Q17 (a) Formula ½

Set2,Q19
Calculation & result ½+½
Set3,Q11
(b) Formula ½
Calculation & result ½+½

𝜆𝐷 ½
(a) 𝛽 = 𝑑

500 × 10 −9 ×1
½
= 10 −3

= 0.5 mm or 5 x 10-4m ½

2𝜆𝐷 ½
(b) 𝛽0 = = 10 𝛽
𝑎
½
2 ×500 × 10 −9 ×1
𝑎= 10 ×5 ×10 −4

𝑎 = 2 × 10−4 m or 0.2 mm ½ 3

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Set1,Q18 Circuit Diagram 1
Set2,Q11 Transistor action (brief explanation) 1
Set3,Q13 Shape of Input and output characteristics ½+½

Transistor works only when its emitter base junction is forward biased and 1
collector emitter junction is reversed biased. Due to this the majority charge
carriers from the emitter, accelerate to collector side and create 𝐼𝑒 , 𝐼𝑏 and 𝐼𝑐
such that 𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑏 + 𝐼𝑐

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Set1,Q19 Identification of materials having same Intensity of incident radiation ½+½
Set2,Q22 Explanation ½
Set3,Q20 Identification of materials that correspond to different intensities. ½+½
Explanation ½

(1, 2) correspond to same intensity but different material. ½

(3, 4) correspond to same intensity but different material. ½

As saturation currents are same and stopping potentials are different. ½

(1, 3) correspond to different intensity but same material. ½

(2, 4) correspond to different intensity but same material. ½

As stopping potentials are same but saturation currents are different. ½ 3

Set1,Q20 (i) Working with circuit diagram 1+1

Set2,Q17 (ii) Characteristics of a photodiode for different illumination
Set3,Q22 intensities ½
(iii)Reason for operating photodiode in reverse bias ½

(i) ½

(a) When light with energy 𝑕𝜈 > (𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑝) 𝐸𝑔 falls on ½

photodiode, electron-hole pairs are generated.
(b) Due to electric field at the junction, electrons and holes are ½
separated before they combine.
(c) Electrons are collected on n-side and holes are collected on p-side ½
giving rise to an emf and current flows in external load.

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 ½
(ii)

(iii)It is easier to observe the change in the current, with change in the ½ 3
light intensity, when reverse bias is applied.

Set1,Q21 (a) Ray diagram of reflecting telescope 2

Set2,Q16 (b) Advantages of reflecting type telescope over refracting telescope 1
Set3,Q14

(a)
2

(b) Advantages (any two)

(i) There is no chromatic aberration in a mirror.

(ii) Brighter image ½+½
(iii) High resolving Power
(iv) Large light gathering power
(v) Large magnifying power

OR
(i) Ray diagram of a compound microscope 1½
(ii) Expression for resolving power of compound microscope. 1
How can resolving power of microscope be increased. ½

Page | 11
 1½

(i)

1
2𝜇 sin 𝜃
Resolving power of compound microscope = 1.22𝜆

½ 3
Resolving power can be increased by decreasing wavelength and
by increasing refracting index of medium.

Set1,Q22 Equivalent capacitance between Point A and B 2

Set2,Q12 Charge drawn from battery 1
Set3,Q18

𝐶 𝐶3 ½
∵ 1=
𝐶2 𝐶4

This is the condition of balance so there will be no current across PR (50

μF capacitor)

Now 𝐶1 and 𝐶2 are in series

𝐶 𝐶 10×20 200 20 ½
𝐶12 = 𝐶 1+𝐶2 = 10+20 = = μF
1 2 30 3

∵ 𝐶3 and 𝐶4 are in series

𝐶 𝐶 5×10 50 10 ½
𝐶34 = 𝐶 3+𝐶4 = 5+10 = 15 = μF
3 4 3

Equivalent capacitance between A and B is

20 10
𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶12 + 𝐶34 = + = 10 μF ½
3 3

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 Charge drawn from battery (q) = CV ½
= 10 x 10 μC
= 100 μC or 10−4 C ½ 3

(SECTION D)

Set1,Q23
Set2,Q23 (a.) Reason of transportation of Power at high voltages 1
Set3,Q23 (b.) Explanation 1
(c.) Two values displayed by (i) Shiv ½ +½
(ii) Uncle ½ +½

(a) To reduce power losses in the transmission line.

1
(b) Since power loss is inversely proportional to power factor
1
(𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 cos 𝜑 where cos 𝜑 is power factor). To supply a given power at a
given voltage, if cos 𝜑 is small, we have to increase current accordingly. This
will lead to large power loss (𝐼 2 𝑅) in transmission /
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
(𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = )
cos 𝜑

(c) Values displayed by

(i) Shiv – understanding nature/ respecting elders/ helping nature/ caring/ etc. ½+½
(ii) Uncle– knowledgeable/ helping nature/ caring/ etc.(Any two each) ½+½ 4
(SECTION E)

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Set1,Q24 (i) Labelled diagram of cyclotron 1
Set2,Q26
(ii) Showing the independence of time period 1½
Set3,Q25
on speed and radius
Significance of the property ½
(iii) Calculation of radius of path 2

(i)

[Note: Deduct ½ mark of this diagram, if the student does not show the
labeling.]

𝑚 𝑣2 ½
∴ = qvB
𝑟

𝑚𝑣
𝑟= ½
𝑞𝐵

2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑚
𝑇= = ½
𝑣 𝑞𝐵
This shows that time period is independent of speed and radius of circular
path.

Significance: Due to this, the charged particle remains in phase with

frequency of the applied voltage in cyclotron ½
Alternatively,

Page | 14
Significance: The applied voltage is adjusted so that the polarity of dees is
reversed in the same time that it takes the ion to complete one half of the
revolution.
[Alternatively,
It helps in achieving resonance conduction.]
𝑚𝑣 2𝑚𝑞𝑉
(ii) 𝑟= =
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵 ½

2 ×9.1 × 10 −31 ×1.6 ×10 −19 ×100 ½

𝑟= m
1.6 × 10 −19 ×0.004

5.4 × 10 −24
½
𝑟= m
6.4 ×10 −22

𝑟 = 8.4 × 10−3 m ½ 5

OR

(i) Magnetic field lines due to straight, long, parallel conductors 1

(ii) Expression for magnetic field produced ½
Expression for force per unit length 1
(iii) Direction of this force ½
(iv) Direction of movement/ rotation of loop ½
Reason for the same 1½

(i)

½ +½

(ii) 𝐵1 =
𝜇 0 𝐼1 𝜇 𝐼
0 2
or 2𝜋𝑑 = 𝐵2 ½
2𝜋𝑑
½
𝐹 = 𝐹12 = 𝐹21 = 𝐼1 𝐵2 𝐿 = 𝐼2 𝐵1 𝐿

Page | 15
 𝜇 0 𝐼1 𝐼2
= 𝐿
2𝜋𝑑
Force per unit length
𝐹 𝜇 0 𝐼1 𝐼2
= ½
𝐿 2𝜋𝑑

(iii) Attractive force ½

(iv) Loop ABCD will move towards wire PQ. ½

Current in wire PQ and Current in arm AD are in the same

direction, so they attract each other. ½

Current in wire PQ and Current in arm BC are in opposite

direction, so they repel each other. ½

Contribution due to current in AB and CD nullify each other.

Since arm AD is nearer than arm BC to arm PQ, so net force on

the loop is attractive. Therefore, the loop will move towards the
wire PQ. ½ 5

Set1,Q25 (a) Explanation 2

Set2,Q24 (b) Diagram 1
Set3,Q26 Explanation ½
Proof of relation 𝜇 = tan 𝑖𝛽 1

(a) When unpolarized light passes through a polariser, vibrations

perpendicular to the axis of the polaroid are blocked. ½

Unpolarised light have vibrations in all directions.

½
Hence, if the Polariser is rotated, the unblocked vibrations remain
same with reference to the axis of Polariser ½

Hence for all positions of Polaroid, half of the incident light always
get transmitted. Hence, the intensity of the light does not change. ½

(b)

Page | 16
 When angle of incidence(i) is equal to the polarising angle(𝑖𝛽 ), the ½
reflected light is totally plane polarised.
[Alternatively: When the refracted ray is perpendicular to the reflected
ray, the reflected light is totally plane polarised.]

sin 𝑖
From 𝜇 = sin 𝑟
½
For i=𝑖𝛽 , r = 90-𝑖𝛽 ½
sin 𝑖
𝛽
So, 𝜇 = sin (90−𝑖
𝛽)

sin 𝑖
= cos 𝑖𝛽
𝛽

𝜇 = tan 𝑖𝛽
½ 5
OR

(a) Derivation 2
(b) Lens makers formula – derivation 1½
Diagram ½
(c) Focal length of the lens ½
Explanation ½

(a)

𝑀𝑁 𝑀𝑁 ½
𝑖= +
𝑂𝑀 𝑀𝐶
𝑀𝑁 𝑀𝑁 ½
𝑟= −
𝑀𝐶 𝑀𝐼

Page | 17
 𝑛1 𝑖 = 𝑛2 𝑟
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛2 − 𝑛1
+ =
𝑂𝑀 𝑀𝐼 𝑀𝐶

𝑂𝑀 = −𝑢, 𝑀𝐼 = +𝑣, 𝑀𝐶 = +𝑅

𝑛2 𝑛1 𝑛2 − 𝑛1 ½
− =
𝑣 𝑢 𝑅

(b) Applying above relation to refraction of light through a convex lens

ABCD

½
𝑛2 𝑛1 𝑛 2 −𝑛 1
For interface ABC − =
𝑣1 𝑢 𝑅1

𝑛1 𝑛 𝑛 1 −𝑛 2 ½
For interface ADC − 𝑣1 =
𝑣 1 𝑅2

𝑛1 𝑛1 1 1 ½
∴ − = 𝑛2 − 𝑛1 )( − )
𝑣 𝑢 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 1
or = 𝑛21 − 1)(𝑅 − 𝑅 ) ½
𝑓 1 2

(c) Focal length = distance of the pin from the mirror.

The rays from the object after refraction from lens should fall normally on the
Plane mirror. So they retrace their path. Hence, rays must be originating from
½ 5
focus and thus distance of the pin from the plane mirror gives focal lenth of
the lens.

Page | 18
Set1,Q26 (i) Principle 1
Set2,Q25 Circuit diagram 1
Set3,Q24 Derivation 1
(ii) Determination of value of R 1
Determination of value of S 1

(i)

Let four resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 be connected to form a quadilateral 1

ABCD with a battery connected across A & C and a galvanometer between B
& D. If galvanometer shows no deflection, then
𝑅2 𝑅
= 𝑅4
𝑅1 3

(ii)

If galvanometer shows no deflection

Page | 19
 𝑙1 𝑅
= ½
(100 − 𝑙1 ) 𝑆

𝑙1
𝑅=𝑆 ½
(100 − 𝑙1 )

(iii) As bridge is balanced

𝑅 40 2 ½
= =
𝑆 60 3
𝑅 50 ½
Also, 30 𝑆 = 50 = 1
( )
30 +𝑆

Solving, 𝑅 = 10 Ω ½

𝑆 = 15 Ω ½ 5

OR

(a) Expression for torque (derivation) 1½

Direction of torque ½
Expression in vector form ½
(b) Proof 𝑈 𝜃) = −𝑝 . 𝐸 1½
(c) Work done 1

(a)

Magnitude of torque = magnitude of either force multiplied by the arm of the

couple.
= 𝑞𝐸 × 2𝑎 sin 𝜃 ½

= p𝐸 sin 𝜃 ½

½
Direction of torque is perpendicular to the plane containing 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸 .

Page | 20
Vector form 𝜏 = 𝑝 × 𝐸 ½

(b) Work done by external torque in rotating a dipole in uniform

electric field is stored as the Potential energy of the system.
𝑈 𝜃0 → 𝜃) = 𝑊 𝜃0 → 𝜃) = 𝑝𝐸(cos 𝜃0 − cos 𝜃1 )
½
𝜋
For 𝜃0 = and 𝜃1 = 𝜃
2 ½
𝜋
𝑈 𝜃) = 𝑝𝐸 cos − cos 𝜃 = −𝑝𝐸 cos 𝜃 = −𝑝 . 𝐸 ½
2

For rotating dipole from position of unstable equilibrium (𝜃0 = 180° )to the
½
stable equilibrium (𝜃 = 0° )

∴ 𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑝𝐸(cos 180° − cos 0° )

½ 5
= pE (-1 -1) = -2pE

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