Chapter 2

ENGINEERING DESIGN

Engineering Design
 Chapter Goals

To help students:
Ø Aware of characteristics of engineering design
and design process
Ø Understand and apply design steps to mini
projects
Ø Eager and enjoy practicing design steps

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 Chapter Content

2.1 Design with passion

2.2 Modern engineering design
2.3 Systematically organize ideas
2.4 Design process
2.5 Case study

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 Engineering Design

ABET definition:
Engineering design is the process of devising a system,
component, or process to meet desired needs. It is a decision-
making process … in which the basic sciences and
mathematics and engineering sciences are applied to convert
resources optimally to meet a stated objective. Among the
fundamental elements of the design process are the
establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis,
construction, testing, and evaluation … it is essential to include
a variety of realistic constraints, such as economic factors,
safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.
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 2.1 Design with passion (1)
Passion to love creativity (1)
“Enthusiasm is one of the most powerful engines of success.
When you do a thing, do it with all your might. Put your
whole soul into it. Stamp it with your own personality. Be
active, be energetic, be enthusiastic and faithful, and you will
accomplish your object. Nothing great was ever achieved
without enthusiasm.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson

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 2.1 Design with passion (2)
Passion to love creativity (2)
Use your passion as the catalyst to transform ideas into
products:
@ Don’t stop questioning:
+ Have I done my best?
+ Can it be made simpler?
@ Be creative continuously, don’t let your
brain going dull

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 2.1 Design with passion (3)
Passion to focus (1)

“You can't always get what you want

But if you try sometimes, well you might find
You'll get what you need”
Mick Jagger & Keith Richards 1969

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 2.1 Design with passion (4)
Passion to focus (2)

“First get a clear notion of what you desire to accomplish and then in
all probability you will succeed in doing it.
Get rid of every pound of material you can do without; put to yourself
the question, ‘What business has this to be there?’
Avoid complexities. Make everything as simple as possible.”
Henry Maudslay (British engineer and inventor who designed the
metal lathe with slide-rest)

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 2.1 Design with passion (5)

“Imagination is more
important than knowledge”
Albert Einstein

“To invent, you need a

good imagination and a
pile of junk”
Thomas A. Edison

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 2.1 Design with passion (6)

“Success consists of
going from failure to
failure without loss of
enthusiasm”.
Winston Churchill

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 2.1 Design with passion (7)

“Your work is going to fill a large

part of your life, and the only way to
be truly satisfied is to do what you
believe is great work. And the only
way to do great work is to love what
you do. If you haven't found it yet,
keep looking. Don't settle. As with
all matters of the heart, you'll know
when you find it. And, like any great
relationship, it just gets better and
better as the years roll on.”
Steve Jobs
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 2.1 Design with passion (8)

“Design is a funny word. Some

people think design means how it
looks. But of course, if you dig
deeper, it's really how it works.
Design is the fundamental soul
of a man-made creation that ends
up expressing itself in successive
outer layers of the product or
service.”
Steve Jobs

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 2.2 Modern engineering design (1)

Common problems among best designers:

@ Strictly comply standards
@ Prevent failures before they occur:
+ Not satisfying customers’ needs
Prevent by:
& Determining functional requirements
& Implementing design parameters to respond
to each functional requirement

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 2.2 Modern engineering design (2)

+ Failure
Prevent by designing so that products can withstand
internal and external impacts
+ Poor performance
Prevent by designing with enough tolerances
+ High cost
Prevent by smart, highly saving and manufacturable
designs
Modern engineering design solves simple to complex
problems systematically and logically, at the same time
allows unique creativities and differences.
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 2.2 Modern engineering design (3)
Economical aspect
@ Everything has a cost and a certain function
– If you spend too much time on a tree, you would not have time for
the forest
– If you don’t care about trees, then you would not have a forest
– You should take care of the system, and every details
@ Engineering projects have budgets (time, money, …)
– Should not invest too much effort, money to improve a little in
performance
– Should get maximum performance for a given budget
@ Be quickly, and ready to improve technology
– Everything at the interfaces of technologies is often interesting and
attractive!
– Technological integration may create huge effect
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 2.2 Modern engineering design (4)

Some people think design means how it looks. But of

course, if you dig deeper, it's really how it works.
Steve Jobs

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 2.2 Modern engineering design (5)

“An iPod, a phone, and an Internet communicator. An iPod,

a phone ... are you getting it? These are not three separate
devices. This is one device. And we are calling it iPhone.
Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.”
Steve Jobs

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 2.3 Systematically organize ideas:
FRDPARRC

FR: Function Requirements

DP: Design Parameters
A: Analysis
R: References
R: Risk
C: Countermeasures
FRDPARRC table helps identify opportunities for new
ideas and methods for solving new problems!

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 2.3 Systematically organize ideas:
FRDPARRC
Function Design Analysis References Risk Counterm
Require Parameter Experiments, Documents, Words, easures
ments s words, Web drawings, Words,
(Events) (Ideas) equations, analysis drawings,
Words Words and tables analysis
drawings
List of Independe Moving time, Everything Evaluate Ideas or
independ nt means power, stress, that helps low, plans to
ent to economy, develop medium, reduce or
functions implement finance, … ideas, and high avoid
which each Should show including risks for each risk
are funtion feasibility of personal each
impleme requireme each design contacts, design
nted by nts parameter. papers, parameters
the Analysis can be patents,
design used to create website, …
design
parameters.

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 2.3 Systematically organize ideas:
FRDPARRC
Agriculture Spray Drone

FR DP Analysis References Risk Counter.

Flying 16 kg (drone) Max take off weight (36 https://www.szast

32 kg (with full kg) a.com/pesticides-
pay load) Battery specs? spray-drone.html
Carbon fiber vs How many rotors?
aluminium vs Material?
polymer Type batteries?
Rotor specs?

Carrying 15L payload 10L, 15L, 20L, ... https://www.szast

a.com/pesticides-
spray-drone.html

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 2.3 Systematically organize ideas:
FRDPARRC
Pocket air-conditioner

FR DP Analysis References Risk Counter.

Cooling Temperature Calculation https://myhouse.t

(18 .. 25) Evaluation echnoluxpro.com
Your decision Customer’s response /en/kondicionirov
... anie/rabochaya-i-
optimalnaya-
temperatura-
kondicionera/
...

Portable Size ... https://www.shop

Weight mask.com/purifie
Your decision r-sony-reon-
pocket.html

Special Smartphone ... https://www.shop

App mask.com/purifie
Features USB charging r-sony-reon-
Sweat pocket.html
resistance

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 2.3 Systematically organize ideas:
FRDPARRC
Electric car

FR DP Analysis References Risk Counter.

Transport Weight (1400 ABS https://www.caran

kg) Airbags ddriver.com/resea
Dimension Dimension (3993 x 1811 x rch/a32813947/car
(3993 x 1811 x 1606) -specs/
1606) Drivetrain
Horsepower EBD
Engine (Electric motor)
Horsepower
MPG
...
Electric Motor (PMSM) PMSM https://nexonev.ta
Power 30 kWhr battery pack tamotors.com/fea
Battery (30 60 min for 80% SOC tures/
kWhr)
Charging time
(60 min for
80% SOC)

Entertain

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 2.4 Design process (1)

A design process is used for an ongoing

manufacturing process, or a one-time design. The
design process may include a few simple steps, or
more complex steps.
Below is a 10-step design process:
Discovering stage
- Step 1: Identify the problem and available
resources for the design
- Step 2: Define working criteria/goals, make sure
you understand clearly requirements, and constraints
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 2.4 Design process (2)

- Step 3: Research and gather data

Imagine movements, data flows, and energy flows from
starting to ending, or from ending to starting.
Continuous questioning “Who?”, “What?”, “Why?”,
“Where?”, “How?”
Conduct simple analysis and experiments.
Whatever you can come up with, other people can also
think of, therefore try to defeat your own ideas.

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 2.4 Design process (3)

Forming stage
- Step 4: Brainstorm/generate creative ideas. Words,
analysis, and sketches can be used to form concepts,
ideas for implementing the design.
Try to get many ideas, and use a second session to all
members time to consider other possible options.
- Step 5: Analyze potential solutions. Examine the list of
ideas and eliminate duplicated ideas. Evaluate ideas and
select best ideas.
Analysis and simple experiments can be conducted to
evaluate solutions.
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 2.4 Design process (4)

Developing stage
- Step 6: Develop and test models (mathematics models,
computer models, scale modules, diagrams or graphs).
These models will be tested to provide foundation for
making decisions.
- Step 7: Make the decision (which of the potential
solutions will be implemented). A decision matrix with
weighted criteria should be used to evaluate all solutions
before making decisions.
- Step 8: Communicate and specify (all aspects of the
design).
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 2.4 Design process (4)

Commercializing stage
- Step 9: Implement and commercialize. This step is
critical, as it represents the final opportunity for reision or
termination of the design. All serious issues should be
resolved by this time.
- Step 10: Perform post-implementation review and
assessment. The project team is terminated, since the
product is now considered to be a regular product. The
product’s performance is reviewed, and an assessment
report is prepared to detail the product’s strengths and
weaknesses.
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 2.4 Design approaches

• Bottom-up approach: elements of the system are

specified in detail, and put together to build more
and more complicated system
• Top-down approach: going from overview of the
system to more detailed subsystems, until
specification for each element is fully specified

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 2.5 Case study
① Robot frames
② ③

②③

  

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 2.5 Case study
Home work
Search the Internet for projects similar to your project.
1. Construct FRDPARRC table (table 1).
2. Construct evaluation table (table 2) below to select block
diagram and design method. Mark 1 – 5.
Table 2: Evaluation table for block diagram and design method
Sample C1 C2 C… Cm Total Average

1 Mark Mark Mark Mark … …

2 Mark Mark Mark Mark

3 Mark Mark Mark Mark

… Mark Mark Mark Mark

n Mark Mark Mark Mark

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 Design tools

Ø General calculation: GNU Octave

Ø General simulation: scilab, LTspice
Ø General illustration: Google Sketchup
Ø General office suite: WPS Office

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