The Modern Age in Europe: Reformation

Choose the correct option:

1.​ The Reformation movement was launched to _____________

a.​ Oppose the corrupt practices of the church​ ​ b. Oppose the corrupt practices of Islam

c. Oppose the corrupt practices of the Temples​ ​ d. Oppose the corrupt practices of Buddhism

2.​ The pardon certificate issued by the Church was known as the _____________
a.​ Divulgences​ ​ b. Indulgences​ ​ c. Clemence​ ​ d. None of the Above
3.​ Who has written the book ‘In prayer of Folly’?
a.​ Martin Luther​ ​ b. Martin Luther King​ ​ c. Erasmus​ ​ d. Pope Clement V
4.​ Which of the following rulers forced pope Clement V out of his headquarters in Rome?
a.​ Philip IV​ ​ b. Philip II​ ​ c. Francis I​ ​ d. Francis II
5.​ Who wrote the book Ninety Five theses?
a.​ Erasmus​ ​ b. Michaelangelo​ ​ c. Shakespeare​ ​ d. Martin Luther
6.​ The spread of new learning and spirit of Enquiry was developed by Renaissance ____________
a.​ Scholars​ ​ b. Musicians​ ​ c. Artists​ ​ ​ d. Priests
7.​ What changes were there in people with the spirit of Enquiry?
a.​ They developed critical attitude and broadened their mental outlook
b.​ They adopted the principles of the Church as the way of life
c.​ They bought sale of Indulgences in huge numbers
d.​ They began to question Luther’s Ninety Five theses
8.​ Read the two statements given below and select the option that shows the correct relationship between A and B.

(A) The two main sects of Christianity are: Catholics and Protestants

(B) The protestant movement was led by Martin Luther who criticised orthodox practices of the Roman Church.

a.​ B contradicts A​​ b. A is true but B is False​ c. B is the reason for A​ ​ d. A and B are
independent of each other
9.​ Who were the Roman Catholics?
a.​ Those who supported the Pope at Rome
b.​ Those who broke away from the Church
c.​ Those who converted from other religion to Christianity
d.​ Those Christians who lived in Rome
10.​ Read the two statements given below and select the option that shows the correct relationship between A and B.

(A) Tithe was 1/10th of the income of the people which was collected as a tax by the church in Medieval Europe.
 (B) The sale of Letter of indulgences for giving pardon by the Church was also very common in Europe.

a.​ B contradicts A​​ b. A is true but B is False​ c. B is the reason for A​ ​ d. A and B are
independent of each other
11.​ St. Francis Xavier : Follower of Ignatius Loyola

Ignatius Loyola: ?

a.​ Feudal Lord​ b. Protestant christian​ c. Founder of Society of Jesus​ d. Against various drawbacks of the
Church
12.​ Who were protestants?
a.​ Those who protested Lutheranism
b.​ Those who were against the Counter Reformation
c.​ The Christians who broke away from the Church at Rome
d.​ The Christians who supported the pope at Rome
13.​ Who came to be known as Simony?
a.​ Pardon people of their sins against money given to Church
b.​ Giving Church offices to the highest bidder
c.​ To become a priest of a Church
d.​ To become a pope of a Church
14.​ Who translated the Bible into German and set up an independent Church?
a.​ Erasmus​ b. St. Francis Xavier​ ​ c. Protestants​ ​ d. Martin Luther
15.​ In which university did Martin Luther teach?
a.​ University of London​ b. Oxford University​ c. Cambridge University​ d. Wittenberg University
16.​ Replace the underlined word to correct the statement

Roman Catholics came to be recognised as a legal form of Christianity by treaty of The Peace of Augsburg in 1555.

a.​ Lutheranism​ ​ b. Saxony​ ​ c. Indulgences​ ​ d. Diet of Worms

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

By the sixteenth century, the Church had become extremely powerful. Any criticism of the Church or the authority of the
Pope was considered blasphemy. The punishments were severe. Even the kings were afraid to disobey the laws of the Church.
The Church had their own courts of law and could punish those who violated the principles of the Church. It created a split
between people who wanted to retain their allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church and those who wanted to break away
from the Church in Rome.

1.​ What was the Reformation?

2.​ Define Letter of Indulgences.
3.​ What was the cause of the ruler's resentment against the church?
4.​ In which book did Erasmus expose corruption in the Church?

Answer the questions briefly.

1.​ Who were known as Jesuits?

2.​ What was the importance of the Council of Trent?
3.​ Name the leading Protestant Reformer in France.
4.​ In what way did the Spirit of Enquiry affect the Reformation?
5.​ State any two causes of the Reformation Movement during the 16th Century AD.
 6.​ State two economic factors leading to Reformation.
7.​ Why did the kings in Europe support the movement against the Church?
8.​ What is the diet of Worms? What did it decide about Luther?
9.​ What is meant by ‘Sale of Indulgences’?
10.​ What do you mean by counter Reformation?

Answer the following questions in detail:

1.​ With reference to Modern Age in Europe, answer the following questions:
a.​ What was Lutheranism? When and how was it legalised?
b.​ What were the consequences of the Counter Reformation?
2.​ The Reformation of the 16th century was rooted in two central factors. First, a growing dissatisfaction with the
practices of the Catholic Church, including the sale of indulgences and clerical misconduct, led to widespread
discontent. Second, the intellectual ferment of the Renaissance, characterised by humanism and a newfound focus
on critical thinking, spurred curiosity and inquiry. Technological innovations,especially the printing press, facilitated
the rapid dissemination of ideas. In this transformative period, Martin Luther emerged as a pivotal figure. Posting his
Ninety-Five Theses in 1517, Luther challenged indulgences and introduced the concept of "justification by faith."
His translation of the Bible into German and the formation of the Lutheran Church left an indelible mark, sparking
a religious and cultural revolution across Europe.
a.​ What were the primary causes of the Reformation in the 16th Century?
b.​ What were Martin Luther’s significant contributions to the Reformation?
c.​ Describe any two effects of the Reformation.
3.​ “The people could be freed from doing penance for their sins by buying a Letter of Indulgence”.
a.​ What was an indulgence?
b.​ Besides the sale of indulgences, what were the other practices for the collection of money in Church?
c.​ Mention the reasons behind the corruption of the church.