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Inorganic Micro- and
Nanostructures
 Materials for Biomedical Engineering

Inorganic Micro- and

Nanostructures

Edited by
Valentina Grumezescu
Lasers Department, National Institute for Laser Plasma &
Radiation Physics, Romania

Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University
Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Elsevier
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
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List of Contributors
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
University Medical Center Groningen, Biomedical Engineering Department,
Groningen, Netherlands
Peter Baláž
Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
Una Bogdanović
Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics “GAMMA”, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Zdenka Bujňáková
Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
Bojan Čalija
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of
Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
Murthy Chavali
Shree Velagapudi Ramakrishna Memorial College (SVRMC-PG Studies-
Autonomous), Andhra Pradesh, India; MCETRC, Tenali, Andhra Pradesh, India
Rafael Comesaña
Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction Department, EEI,
University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Jesús del Val
Applied Physics Department, EEI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Haruki Eguchi
Advanced Applied Science Department, Research Laboratory, IHI Corporation,
Yokohama, Japan
Morteza Enhessari
Department of Chemistry, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh,
I. R. Iran
Fábio Augusto de Souza Ferreira
SENAI Institute for Inovation in Surface Engineering Campus CETEC, Belo
Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues Filho
Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, São Paulo University, Department of
Molecular Physics and Chemistry, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Nenad Filipović
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Belgrade, Serbia

xv
xvi List of Contributors

Valentina Grumezescu
National Institute for Lasers, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, Magurele,
Romania
Adam Ingram
Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
Yoshihiro Ishikawa
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School
of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
Željko Janićijević
School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Rajpreet Kaur
Department of Chemistry, B.B.K. D.A.V. College for Women, Amritsar, India
Poonam Khullar
Department of Chemistry, B.B.K. D.A.V. College for Women, Amritsar, India
Jeong-Hwan Kim
RadianQbio Co. Ltd., Halla Sigma Valley, Gasan Digital, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul,
Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City
University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
Danina Krajišnik
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of
Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
Mateja Erdani Kreft
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Centre for Electron Microscopy,
Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Cultures, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana,
Slovenia
Maja Kuzmanović
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Belgrade, Serbia
Sushovan Lala
Materials Science Division, Department of Physics, The University of Burdwan,
Burdwan, India
Jasna Lojk
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Group for Nano and Biotechnological
Applications, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine,
Institute of Cell Biology, Centre for Electron Microscopy, Laboratory for Cell and
Tissue Cultures, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Miodrag J. Lukić
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Belgrade, Serbia
 List of Contributors xvii

Nguyen Hoang Luong

Nano and Energy Center, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National
University, Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
Fernando Lusquiños
Applied Physics Department, EEI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Jela Milić
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of
Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
Karina Cogo Müller
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Sérgio
Buarque de Holanda, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Nguyen Hoang Nam
Faculty of Physics, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University,
Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam; Nano and Energy Center, Hanoi University of Science,
Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
Irina Negut
National Institute for Lasers, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, Magurele,
Romania; Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
Maria P. Nikolova
Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse “Angel
Kanchev”, Ruse, Bulgaria
Periasamy Palanisamy
Department of Physics, Gnanamani College of Engineering, Namakkal, India
Mojca Pavlin
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Group for Nano and Biotechnological
Applications, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine,
Institute of Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Joaquı́n Penide
Applied Physics Department, EEI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Juan Pou
Applied Physics Department, EEI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Swapan Kumar Pradhan
Materials Science Division, Department of Physics, The University of Burdwan,
Burdwan, India
P.T.S.R.K. Prasada Rao
Department of Chemistry, P B Siddhartha College of Arts & Science,
Vijayawada, India
Félix Quintero
Applied Physics Department, EEI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
xviii List of Contributors

Antonio Riveiro
Applied Physics Department, EEI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Ali Salehabadi
Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Oleh Shpotyuk
Vlokh Institute of Physical Optics, Lviv, Ukraine; Jan Dlugosz University in
Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
Yaroslav Shpotyuk
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow,
Poland; Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of Sensor and
Semiconductor Electronics, Lviv, Ukraine
Ana Stanković
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Belgrade, Serbia
Magdalena Stevanović
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Belgrade, Serbia
Klemen Strojan
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Group for Nano and Biotechnological
Applications, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Mari Miura Sugii
University Medical Center Groningen, Biomedical Engineering Department,
Groningen, Netherlands; Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas,
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Ravisankar Tadiboyina
Aakash Educational Services Ltd. (Anna Nagar Branch), Chennai, India
Masanari Umemura
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School
of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
Vesna V. Vodnik
Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics “GAMMA”, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Ren-Jang Wu
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Providence University,
Taichung City, Taiwan
Daša Zupančič
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Centre for Electron Microscopy,
Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Cultures, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana,
Slovenia
Series Preface
In the past few decades there has been growing interest in the design and imple-
mentation of advanced materials for new biomedical applications. The develop-
ment of these materials has been facilitated by multiple factors, especially the
introduction of new engineering tools and technologies, emerging biomedical
needs, and socioeconomic considerations. Bioengineering is an interdisciplinary
field encompassing contributions from biology, medicine, chemistry, and materi-
als science. In this context, new materials have been developed or reinvented to
fulfill the need for modern and improved engineered biodevices.
A multivolume series, Materials for Biomedical Engineering highlights the
most relevant findings and discusses key topics in this impressive research field.
Volume 1. Bioactive Materials: Properties and Applications, offers an intro-
duction to bioactive materials, discussing the main properties, applications, and
perspectives of materials with medical applications. This volume reviews recently
developed materials, highlighting their impact in tissue engineering and the detec-
tion, therapy, and prophylaxis of various diseases.
Volume 2. Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers, analyzes the main applica-
tions of advanced functional polymers in the biomedical field. In recent years
there has been a revolution in thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers with
medical and biological uses, which are currently being developed for medical
devices, drug delivery, tailored textiles, packaging, and tissue engineering.
Volume 3. Absorbable Polymers, describes the main types of polymers of dif-
ferent compositions with bioabsorbable and biodegradable properties. The
biomedical applications of such materials are reviewed and the most innovative
findings are presented in this volume.
Volume 4. Biopolymer Fibers, highlights the applications of polymeric fibers
of natural biological origin in biomedical engineering. Such materials are of great
utility in tissue engineering and biodegradable textiles.
Volume 5. Inorganic Micro- and Nanostructures and Volume 6. Organic
Micro- and Nanostructures, deal, respectively, with the preparation and properties
of inorganic and organic nanostructured materials with biomedical applications.
Volume 7. Hydrogels and Polymer-Based Scaffolds, discusses the recent prog-
ress made in the field of polymeric materials designed as scaffolds and tools for
tissue engineering. The technological challenges and advances in their production,
as well as current applications in the production of scaffolds and devices for
regenerative medicine are presented.
Volume 8. Bioactive Materials for Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Gene
Therapy, offers an updated perspective regarding new bioactive materials with
potential in the therapy of severe diseases such as infections, cancer, and genetic
disorders.

xix
xx Series Preface

Volume 9. Nanobiomaterials in Tissue Engineering, provides valuable exam-

ples of recently designed nanomaterials with powerful applications in tissue engi-
neering and artificial organ approaches.
Volume 10. Nanomaterials-Based Drug Delivery, discusses the most investi-
gated types of nanoparticles and nanoengineered materials with an impact in drug
delivery. Applications for drug-therapy, and examples of such nanoscale systems
are included in this volume.
This series was motivated by the need to offer a scientifically solid basis for
the new findings and approaches relevant to the biomedical engineering field.
This scientific resource collects new information on the preparation and analysis
tools of diverse materials with biomedical applications, while also offering inno-
vative examples of their medical uses for diagnoses and therapies of diseases.
The series will be of particular interest for material scientists, engineers, research-
ers working in the biomedical field, clinicians, and also innovative and estab-
lished pharmaceutical companies interested in the latest progress made in the
field of biomaterials.

Michael R. Hamblin1 and Ioannis L. Liakos2

1
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
2
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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Preface
Nanometric particles are very promising candidates for various biomedical appli-
cations. This is due to their remarkable features, which originate from their nano-
scale size and unique physicochemical properties. This book aims to offer an
updated collection of chapters dealing with the current situation and future trends
in inorganic micro- and nanostructures. The preparation, characterization, and
newest applications of such materials are discussed in great detail here.
This volume is an international collection, containing 14 chapters prepared by
outstanding authors, as follow.
Chapter 1, Biomedical inorganic nanoparticles: preparation, properties, and
perspectives, by Magdalena Stevanović et al., reports on the preparation methods
of different metallic and ceramic inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silver,
selenium, copper, iron, zinc oxide, and hydroxyapatite for biomedical applica-
tions. For each of these nanosystems, the main challenges regarding the currently
achieved functional properties and further perspectives are also presented.
Chapter 2, Inorganic composites in biomedical engineering, by Murthy
Chavali et al., highlights recent developments and improvements in inorganic
composite materials and their applications in biomedical engineering. Different
forms and varieties of inorganic composite materials have different applications
in biomedical engineering. These composite materials have high functionality,
high biocompatibility, high electro-active surface area, and multiple attachment
charged sites, which make them highly effective for biomedical applications in
the areas of medicine and health care including for diagnostic and therapeutic
purposes.
Chapter 3, Structural interpretation, microstructure characterization, mechani-
cal properties, and cytocompatibility study of pure and doped carbonated nano-
crystalline hydroxyapatites synthesized by mechanical alloying, by Sushovan Lala
and Swapan Kumar Pradhan, gives a comprehensive revision of recent nanocrys-
talline biocompatible undoped and Mn-, Mg-, and Zn-doped carbonated hydroxy-
apatite (HAp) powders which have been synthesized via mechanical alloying.
Despite good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity, the weak
mechanical properties of HAp, such as high brittleness and low fracture tough-
ness, restrict its applications in nonload-bearing or metallic implant surface coat-
ings. Different techniques have been implemented to improve the mechanical
properties of HAp including the addition of dopants, making composites, and con-
trolling microstructures via different novel sintering methods such as hot pressing,
post-hot isostatic pressing, and microwave sintering.
Chapter 4, Multiparticle composites based on nanostructurized arsenic sulfides
As4S4 in biomedical engineering, by Oleh Shpotyuk et al., discusses composition-
ally dependent nanoformulation, which is represented as common stabilization of
coarse-grained As4S4 and fine-grained ZnS nanoparticles accompanied by
positron-to-positronium trapping conversion. The anticancer effect on A375 and

xxi
xxii Preface

Bowes melanoma cell lines clearly confirms the improved biomedical efficacy of
the newly developed As4S4-ZnS nanosystem.
Chapter 5, Quaternary ammonium compound derivatives for biomedical appli-
cations, by Mari Miura Sugii et al., focuses on modifications promoted on the sur-
face by organosilane compounds, containing quaternary ammonium as the
functional group. This organofunctional silane was synthesized by hydrolysis and
condensation reactions and could be applied to the surface of glass and resinous
composites for dental applications.
Chapter 6, Block copolymer micelles as nanoreactors for the synthesis of gold
nanoparticles, by Rajpreet Kaur and Poonam Khullar, focuses on the applications
and uses of generally nontoxic and environmentally friendly pluronics and tetro-
nics for the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials. Their
micellar assemblies play an important role by changing the micellar environment.
Their thermoresponsive nature makes them suitable for various biomedical
applications.
Chapter 7, Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications, by Nguyen Hoang Nam
and Nguyen Hoang Luong, focuses on the synthesis, functionalization, and appli-
cations of metallic, semiconductor, magnetic, and multifunctional nanoparticles.
Several applications of these nanoparticles in life sciences and the environment
are discussed in this chapter.
Chapter 8, Multimodal magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications:
importance of characterization on biomimetic in vitro models, by Mojca Pavlin
et al., discusses the advantages and limitations of biomimetic in vitro models ver-
sus classical cell cultures and the relevance of good in vitro models for further
translation into in vivo models and finally into clinical applications. Magnetic
nanoparticles (MNPs) have specific magnetic properties suitable for different bio-
medical applications. The most notable examples are magnetic fluid hyperther-
mia, visualization and tracking of cells in vitro and in vivo, and the use of MNPs
as delivery platforms for innovative targeted drug-delivery systems.
Chapter 9, Aluminosilicate-based composites functionalized with cationic
materials: possibilities for drug-delivery applications, by Danina Krajišnik et al.,
gives a comprehensive overview on the preparation, characterization, and proper-
ties of aluminosilicate-based composites for drug delivery, when functionalized
with two distinctive groups of cationic materials: cationic surfactants and
chitosan.
Chapter 10, Bioactive glass nanofibers for tissue engineering, by Joaquı́n
Penide et al., offers an up-to-date overview of the production techniques of glass
fibers and nanofibers. The interest in this one-dimensional material in tissue engi-
neering due to its advantageous structure and feasible compositions is discussed
and achievements in its utilization as scaffolds for cellular growth are reviewed.
Chapter 11, Application of (mixed) metal oxides-based nanocomposites for
biosensors, by Ali Salehabadi and Morteza Enhessari, gives an up-to-date over-
view of the terms “sensors” and “biosensors” defined in various disciplines and
applications including chemical, environment, clinical, and biology. Furthermore,
 Preface xxiii

the synthesis, assembly, and applications of nanosized (mixed) metal oxides con-
taining either covalently linked organic or inorganic compounds to form nano-
composites are explained.
Chapter 12, Metal nanoparticles and their composites: a promising multifunc-
tional nanomaterial for biomedical and related applications, by Vesna V. Vodnik
and Una Bogdanović, highlights the Au, Ag, and Cu nanoparticles currently being
investigated in the field of health and medicine, focusing on individual and partic-
ularly polymer/organic molecules-functionalized nanoparticles—which is often
employed to prevent them from agglomeration and oxidation, as well as for bio-
functionalization. An overview of the synthesis, properties, and surface modifica-
tions of these nanomaterials, with particular attention given to their challenges
and perspectives for relevant biomedical applications, is provided.
Chapter 13, Hybrid metal complex nanocomposites for targeted cancer diagno-
sis and therapeutics, by Jeong-Hwan Kim et al., reviews the advances in antican-
cer organometallic agents based on iron complexes. In particular,
chemotherapeutically active inorganic iron-complex-based advanced local
magneto-drug-delivery systems composites via self-assembly of iron complexes,
without the use of common magnetites and anticancer prodrugs, are highlighted.
Chapter 14, Nanocoatings and thin films, by Valentina Grumezescu and Irina
Negut, presents two different conventional processes for the deposition of thin
films as well as nanoparticles in a form of nanocoating. Furthermore, this chapter
provides the basics for both deposition techniques, dip-coating and laser deposi-
tion, in terms of processing phases to obtain ideal properties of nanocoatings and
thin films in selected biomedical applications.

Valentina Grumezescu1 and Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu2

1
Lasers Department, National Institute for Laser Plasma & Radiation Physics, Romania
2
Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University
Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
 CHAPTER

Biomedical inorganic
nanoparticles: preparation,
properties, and perspectives 1
Magdalena Stevanović1, Miodrag J. Lukić1, Ana Stanković1,
Nenad Filipović1, Maja Kuzmanović1 and Željko Janićijević2
1
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
2
School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology enables a better understanding of the fundamental biology, phys-
ics, chemistry, and technology of nanometer-scale objects (Mitragotri et al., 2015;
Stevanović et al., 2008, 2013; Stevanović and Uskoković, 2009). It deals with the
design, production, and operation of particle structures in the size range of
approximately 1 100 nm. It has a wide range of applications in different areas of
human activity such as in medicine, pharmacy, controlled drug delivery, optics,
electronics, etc. For example, in medicine and pharmacy, a large number of stud-
ies have been focused on the use of nanoparticles as drug-delivery vehicles for
therapeutics, since nanoparticles can interact with biological entities at the molec-
ular level, and enable controlled and targeted delivery and passage through bio-
logical barriers. Moreover, in recent years, many different studies have revealed
that some nanomaterials are intrinsically therapeutic. Such intense research has
led to a more comprehensive understanding of cancer at the genetic, molecular,
and cellular levels, providing an avenue for methods of increasing antitumor effi-
cacy of drugs while reducing systemic side effects. It has been shown not only
that nanoparticles can passively interact with cells, but also that they can actively
mediate molecular processes to regulate cell functions (Kim and Hyeon, 2014).
This is the case, for example, with the treatment of cancer via antiangiogenic
mechanisms or the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by effectively control-
ling oxidative stress (Kim and Hyeon, 2014). Among other nanomaterials, inor-
ganic nanoparticles (Fig. 1.1) have attracted special attention since they possess
unique properties such as size- and shape-reliant optical, magnetic, mechanical,
and electrical properties, as well as biological responses, that is, antibacterial and
antiviral properties (Stevanović et al., 2015). A wide variety of techniques for the
synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (metallic and ceramic) have been reported in
the literature. Inorganic nanoparticles are made by the crystallization of inorganic
salts, forming a three-dimensional arrangement of linked atoms where binding is

Materials for Biomedical Engineering: Inorganic Micro and Nanostructures.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102814-8.00001-9
1
© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2 CHAPTER 1 Biomedical inorganic nanoparticles

FIGURE 1.1
Types of inorganic nanoparticles which are used in the biomedical field.

mainly covalent or metallic. Recently, numerous inorganic nanoparticles have

been successfully produced by various different synthetic techniques.
However, the obtaining of highly uniform, biocompatible inorganic nanoparti-
cles with adequate functional properties is still a challenge.
In this chapter, synthesis of different metallic and ceramic inorganic nanopar-
ticles such as gold, silver, selenium, copper, iron, zinc oxide, and hydroxyapatite
for biomedical applications will be addressed. For these nanosystems, the main
challenges regarding the currently achieved functional properties and further per-
spectives will also be presented.

1.2 GOLD NANOPARTICLES

Gold nanoparticles have occupied the attention of scientists for ages and are now
heavily exploited in chemistry, biology, engineering, pharmacy, medicine, etc.
(Giljohann et al., 2010; Hayat, 1989). These particles can be synthesized repro-
ducibly, modified with apparently limitless chemical functional groups, and, in
certain cases, characterized with atomic-level precision. Many examples of highly
sensitive assays based upon gold nanoconjugates have been reported in the
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open toward the door, and all six big eyes were staring at the
newcomers. The floor was nearly bare: the leaves had been brushed
into mounds that lay in the corners.
Without a word, Gornom sat in the circle and motioned Cadnan to a
place beside him. Moving slowly and uncertainly, Cadnan came
forward and sat down. There was a second of absolute silence.
One of the other elders said: "You bring a new one to us?"
"I bring a new one," Gornom said.
The other elder, leaning forward from the waist, peered at Cadnan.
His eye was larger than normal, and glittering cold. Cadnan,
awestruck, neither spoke nor moved, and the elder regarded him for
a time and then said abruptly: "Not all are called to the truth."
"He has been called," Gornom said. "He has been chosen."
"How is he chosen?"
Gornom explained. When he had finished, a silence thick as velvet
descended upon the room. Then, very suddenly, all the elders spoke
at once.
"May the masters live forever."
Cadnan, by this time, was nearly paralyzed with fright. He sat very
still. The elders continued, in a slow, leaden chorus:
"May the masters live forever.
"May the words live forever.
"May the lessons live forever.
"May the truths live forever."
Then the velvet silence came down again, but the words rang
through it faintly until Gornom broke the spell with speech.
"The young one has come to learn. He has come to know the
truths." He looked around at the others and then went on: "His
name is Cadnan. He wishes to have your names. Let him have your
names."
The elder who had spoken first identified himself as Lonak. The
others gave their names in order: Dalor, Puna, Grudoc, Burlog,
Montun. Cadnan stared with fascinated eyes at Puna, who was older
than anyone he had ever seen. His skin was nearly all white, and in
the dim room it seemed to have a faint shine. His voice was very
high and thin, like a wind sighing in tall tree-branches. Cadnan
shivered, but didn't take his eye from Puna until, as if at a signal, all
the elders rose. Awkwardly, then, Cadnan rose with them, again
confused and still frightened.
He saw Gornom raise his hands over his head and chant: "Tall are
the masters."
All the others repeated the words.
"Wise are the masters."
Cadnan, this time, repeated the phrase with the elders.
"Good are the masters."
When the antiphon had been delivered Gornom waited a full second
and then fell prostrate to the floor. The others followed his example,
except for Cadnan, who, afraid to let himself fall on bare metal,
crouched down slowly instead.
"Weak are the slaves," Gornom whispered.
The answer was a whisper, too.
"Small are the slaves."
The others whispered.
"They are like small ones all the days of their lives, and only the
masters are elders."
"The masters are elders."
"As the machine obeys," Gornom said, "so the slave obeys. As the
tree obeys, so the slave obeys. As the metal obeys, so the slave
obeys. As the ground obeys, so the slave obeys."
"So the slave obeys."
Then there was silence again, not as profound as before. Through it,
Cadnan could hear the others whispering, but he couldn't quite catch
their words. He was later told what praying was, though he never
had a chance to practice it.
And then everyone returned to the original circle, and squatted. In
what was almost a normal tone Gornom said: "Here is our new one.
He must be told."
Puna himself rose. "I will tell him." And Cadnan, frightened by the
very look of the elder, could do nothing but follow him as he
beckoned and went to a corner near a mound of leaves. The others,
scattered, were eating. Cadnan picked up a leaf, but Puna took it
gently out of his hand.
"We do not eat until it is over," he said quietly.
Cadnan accepted this without words, and Puna told him the legend.
During the entire tale, Cadnan, stock-still, didn't even think of
interrupting. At first his attention wandered to the leaves, but as
Puna's voice went on he listened more and more closely, and even
his fright began to leave him under the legend's fascination.

"Long ago, the masters come to the world, sent by the Great Elder.
We are no more than children. We do not work, we do nothing
except eat and sleep and live out our lives in the world. The Great
Elder makes us the gift of talking and the gift of trees, and he makes
the rules of the trees.
"Then he does nothing more for us. First we must become more
than children, more than small ones.
"For this he sends the masters.
"The masters are good because they show us work and give us
machines that have power. Our power is over the masters because
of the machines. But we may not use such power. They are elder to
us: they are wiser than we are. Only when we become so wise we
use power against them, and in that day master and slave are one.
In that day the Great Elder returns to his small ones.
"In this time there is the work, and the work makes us always more
like the masters. We live in the buildings like masters. We work with
machines like masters. We do what the masters say. Soon we are all
the same.
"No one can tell when we are like masters in all things. We know of
it when the Great Elder returns to us. All must watch and wait for
that day. In this time, we only remember and tell ourselves the
truths over and over. There are many truths and some I can not
speak. Here are the others:
"The masters are our elders.
"The machines are under obedience to us while we obey the
masters.
"The Great Elder wishes our obedience to the masters.
"If we disobey the masters the machines and the trees will not obey
us, and there will be no more work and no small ones. For this is the
order of the world: some obeying and some to be obeyed. It is
visible and plain. When the chain is broken all the chain breaks."
Puna paused, and then repeated the last sentence.
"When the chain is broken all the chain breaks."
"It is true," Cadnan said excitedly. "It is true. Yet there is more truth
—"
"There is," Puna said soberly. "We meet again in five days' time. I
can count five days, and so the others will know, and you will know.
At this next meeting you will be told more truths." His smile was thin
and distant. "Now eat."
Cadnan reached numbly for a leaf and, without thinking, began to
nibble. The world had been set in order: he had no more questions
now. Instead, he felt empty spaces, waiting to be filled with the
great knowledge of Puna and of Gornom and all the others, at the
next meeting.
And at other meetings, after that....
He put that thought away: it was too much and too large. The one
certain thing was that in five days' time (whenever that was) he
would know more. In five days they would all meet again.
He hoped five days was not too long.
As matters turned out, of course, he need not have worried. The
meeting he was waiting for never happened.
And, after that, there were no more meetings at all.
 PUBLIC OPINION THREE
Being excerpts from memo directives sent between
executives of Associated Metallic Products, Ltd., a
corporation having its main offices within Dome Two, Luna
City, Luna, and associated offices on all three inhabited
planets, the memo directives being dated between May
fourteenth and May twenty-first, in the Year of the
Confederation two hundred and ten.
TO: John Harrison
FROM: Fredk. Ramsbotham
RE: Metals supplies & shipment
It having come to my attention that the process of
metals shipment is in danger because of a threat to
the materials and procurement divisions of AMP,
Ltd., I wish to advise you, as current Chairman of
the Board, of the nature of the emergency, and
request your aid in drawing up plans to deal with it.
According to reports from our outside operatives,
and such statistical checking as we have been able
to use in a matter of this nature, there exists a
strong possibility that present procurement
procedures regarding our raw materials may at any
moment be abrogated by act of the Confederation
government. The original motive for this action
would seem to be a rising tide of public unrest,
sparked apparently by chance disclosure of our
procurement procedures. That the public unrest
may very soon reach the point at which
Confederation notice, and hence Confederation
action, may be taken is the best judgment both of
our outside operatives and of our statistical
department.
In order to deal with this unprecedented
emergency, it would be advisable to have your
thoughts on the matter. With these in hand....

TO: Fred Ramsbotham

FROM: John Harrison
RE: Your memo May 14
My God, Fred, I haven't seen such a collection of
verbiage since Latin class. Why not say what you
mean? People are calling the setup on Fruyling's
World slavery, and slavery is a nasty word.
Let's get together for a talk—and what's with the
high-sounding guff? You sound sore about
something: what?

TO: James Oliver Gogarty

FROM: Leonard Offutt
RE: Statistical findings
... The situation is serious, J. O., and there's no
getting around it. If the Government has to take
action there's only one way (given current
majorities) they're going to be able to move, and
that's to declare Fruyling's World a protectorate, or
some such (get your lawyers to straighten out the
terminology: in plain and simple English, a ward of
the state), and "administer" the place for the best
interests of the natives.
Get that: the natives.
Never mind us, never mind AMP, never mind the
metals we need.
No, the Government will step in and take all that
away from us in the interests of a bunch of silly
green-looking monsters who can barely talk and
can't, as near as I can see, think at all.
Statistics doesn't give us much of a chance of
heading them off. As a matter of fact, any
recommended course of action has better than a
50% chance of making matters even worse. And if
you don't think they can be worse, take a look at
the attached sheet, which....

TO: John Harrison

FROM: Fredk. Ramsbotham
RE: Your memo May 15
Have you never heard of the Confederation
impounding records? Or these memos, for
instance?

TO: Fred Ramsbotham

FROM: John Harrison
RE: Your memo May 15
Have you never heard of AMP burning them, you
silly damn fool?
Now let's get together for a talk.

TO: James Oliver Gogarty

FROM: Gregory Whiting and staff
RE: Your memo May 17
Pressure put on Confederation executives and
members of the Senate might convince the
Confederation that, without a fight, Fruyling's
World would not surrender to Confederation
control.
It might not be advisable to begin such a fight.
Even with modern methods of transport and
training, the weapons gap between the
Confederation and Fruyling's World is a severe
handicap. In other words, J. O., if it came to a
showdown the people here don't think we stand a
fair chance of coming out on top.
You'd better rethink your position, then....

TO: James Oliver Gogarty

FROM: John Harrison
RE: Fruyling's World
Interoffice guff says you're planning definite moves
on your own, J. O., and against some opposition.
I'm still Chairman of the Board around here, and I
intend to use power if I have to. The best advice I
can get tells me your plans are unadvisable.
Get it through your head that this has nothing to
do with the Board elections. This is a serious
matter. I can stop you, J. O., and don't think I
won't if it comes to that. But I don't want to make
threats.
There must be something we can do—but we're
going to have to devote more thought to the whole
matter first.

TO: James Oliver Gogarty

FROM: Leonard Offutt
RE: Statistical findings
Chances of such pressure succeeding are,
according to derived figures, 37%. Chances of the
pressure leading to actual attack on Fruyling's
World (see attached sheet) are 58%.
We cannot advise....

TO: Fredk. Ramsbotham

FROM: James Oliver Gogarty
RE: Attached statistical findings
... Of course it's a risk, Frederick, but we're in the
risk-taking business, and we always were, as your
father used to say, and mine too. Between us, John
is a cautious old man, and the rest of the Board is
beginning to appreciate that. By next year the
entire situation may have changed.
I'm asking for your support, then, as a matter of
practical politics. In a risky matter like this one,
support can make all the difference between....

TO: James Oliver Gogarty

FROM: John Harrison
RE: My memo May 19
J. O., I mean it.
Now lay off.

TO: Williston Reed

FROM: John Harrison
RE: Current memo series
As you know, I'm keeping you up to date whenever
I have a minute between appointments: a publicity
chief ought to know everything, inside as well as
public-issue material, if only so he can be conscious
of what to hide. I've tried to work with you as well
as I can, and if there are delays in reporting, you'll
understand that pressure of other duties....
... The story behind all of this is simple enough.
The takeover Gogarty and Ramsbotham have been
trying to pull is interfering with practical business.
Frankly, AMP'S competitors are happy enough to
jump in and stir the pot: I think they've been
buying up Senators here and there (for which there
is, God knows, enough precedent; the entire
Senate hasn't been bought since the Dedrick
mutiny forty years back but you don't need the
entire Senate if you have a few key men, and I've
always thought Dedrick's lawyers were wasteful),
and beyond what the competition's been active in,
there are always the fanatics. Freedom for all—you
know the sort of thing.
Now the big danger is that if R. and G. succeed in
keeping things messed up the rest of the metals
boys will step in, push the government into the
right moves, and kill Fruyling's World deader than
Dedrick himself. Which (according to the statistical
breakdown) won't put us into the bankruptcy
courts, but will slide us from a first-or-second spot
to a ninth-or-tenth one. The big question is
whether you'd rather be a small frog in a big
puddle or the reverse. Me, I'd rather be a big frog
in a big puddle than any other combination I can
think of, and in spite of everything I think I'm going
to go on being just that.
Fruyling's World has been around for a long time,
but the current AMP fight gives the competition the
opportunity they need, and they're pushing it. If we
can weather the storm....
Well, I'm being gloomy. Of course we can weather
the storm. I'll swing Gogarty back, and that will
leave Ramsbotham nowhere to go....

TO: John Harrison

FROM: Fredk. Ramsbotham
RE: Fruyling's World
... Support of the suggestion put forward by Mr.
Gogarty at the last Board meeting was not, believe
me, given without grave consideration.
Now that the matter has been decided, I hope we
can all pull together like team-mates, and "let the
dead past bury its dead". I'm sure that....

TO: Fred Ramsbotham

FROM: John Harrison
RE: Your memo May 21
I'm worrying a little more about burying some of
the currently living—our own men on Fruyling's
World.
I've got to ask you to reconsider....

TO: All news services, for immediate release

FROM: Williston Reed
As almost his first act on taking his position as
Chairman of the Board of Associated Metallic
Products, Ltd., Frederick Ramsbotham today issued
a statement of policy regarding "interference by
Confederation governmental officials" in what he
termed the "private business of AMP."
Mr. Ramsbotham, whose recent election came as a
surprise to many shareholders, has stated his
intention of "remaining firm in continuance of
present policies" regardless of what he described
as "threats" from Confederation officials.
He states that his duty to shareholders of AMP
must include protection of the private and profit-
making enterprise being carried on at Fruyling's
World, and that such private concerns are not "the
business of public government."
As former Chairman of the Board, John Harrison
was asked to comment on the position taken by Mr.
Ramsbotham. Mr. Harrison stated that he disagreed
with the particular stand taken by Mr. Ramsbotham
in this matter, but sympathized with his strong
feelings of duty toward the shareholders of the
concern.
Confederation response was reported to be
"immediate and strong" by sources high in the
government, but as yet no final word has been
received regarding what action, if any, is
contemplated....

TO: Fredk. Ramsbotham

FROM: John Harrison
SUBJECT: The daily paper
Now you've torn it.
Unless you think we can make money selling
weapons to be used against our own people on
Fruyling's World.
I've sold out my shares as of this morning, Fred.
I'm through. I think you are, too—whether you
know it or not just yet.
 12
"That old-time religion."
Dodd heard the words echoing in his mind that night, and the next
night, and the next. All that she had said:
"We set up a nice pie-in-the-sky sort of thing, all according to the
best theory, just the thing to keep the Alberts happy and satisfied
and working hard for us. It started right after the first setup here,
and by now I guess the Alberts think they invented it all by
themselves, or their Great Elder came down from a tree and told
them."
"It's horrible," he had said.
"Of course it is." There was a silence. "But you said it yourself: what
can we do? We're here and we're stuck here."
"But—"
Norma didn't want to argue, but the argument went on in Dodd's
mind, and it still continued, circling in his mind like a buzzard. There
was nothing he could do about it, nothing Norma could do about it.
He avoided even the thought of seeing her for a few days, and then
he found himself making an excuse to go over to Building One. He
met her there, after lounging about for hours.
And what she had disclosed to him, what they spoke of, made no
difference that he could see in what he felt.
He was happy. Slowly he realized that he had hardly ever been
happy before.
He even forgot, for a time, about the rumors, the threat of
Confederation troops that had hung over her words like a gray
cloud: all he could think of was Norma, and the terrible thing in
which they were both bound up.
He told himself grimly that it would never have bothered Albin, for
instance. Albin would have had his fun with Norma, and that would
have been that.
But it bothered Johnny Dodd.
He was still worrying over it, and in spite of himself finding
happiness, when the escape came, and the end.
 13
"There's nothing to be done about it." Dr. Haenlingen delivered the
words and sat down rigidly behind her desk. Norma nodded, very
slowly.
"I know that," she said. "I started out—I started to do just what you
wanted. To talk to him, draw him out, find out just what he did feel
and what he planned."
"And then something happened," Dr. Haenlingen said tightly. "I
know."
Norma paced to the window and looked out, but the day was gray:
she saw only her own reflection. "Something happened," she
murmured. "I—guess I had too much to drink. I wanted to talk."
"So I understand," Dr. Haenlingen said. "And you talked. And—
whatever his situation—you managed to increase his tension rather
than understand or lessen it."
Norma shook her head at the reflection. "I'm sorry."
"I have often found," Dr. Haenlingen said, "that sorrow following an
action is worse than useless. It usually implies a request to commit
the same action again."
"But I wouldn't—" Norma said, turning, and then stopped before the
calm gaze of the old woman.
"No?" Dr. Haenlingen said.
"I'll try to—"
Dr. Haenlingen lifted a hand and brushed the words aside. "It
doesn't matter," she said. "I am beginning to see that it doesn't
matter."
"But—"
"All we can do now is wait," Dr. Haenlingen said. "We are—
outplayed."
There was a little silence. Norma waited through it without moving.
"Would you like to have a lesson in psychology?" Dr. Haenlingen said
in the graying room. "Would you like to learn a little, just a little,
about your fellow man?"
Norma felt suddenly frightened. "What's wrong?"
"Nothing is wrong," Dr. Haenlingen said. "Everything is moving along
exactly as might have been predicted. If we had known what the
Confederation planned, and exactly the timetable of their actions ...
but we did not, and could not. Norma, listen to me."
The story she told was very simple. It took a fairly long time to tell.

Slavery takes a toll of the slaves (as the Confederation was

beginning to find out, as the idealists, the do-gooders, were
beginning, however slowly to realize). But it takes a toll of the
masters, too.
The masters can't quite rid themselves of the idea that beings which
react so much like people may really (in spite of everything, in spite
of appearance, in spite of laws and regulations and social practices)
be people, after all, in everything but name and training.
And it just wouldn't be right to treat people that way....
Slaves feel pain. In simple reciprocity, masters feel guilt.
And because (according to the society, and the laws, and the
appearances, and the regulations) there was no need for guilt, the
masters of Fruyling's World had, like masters anywhere and any
time, buried the guilt, hidden it even from themselves, forbidden its
existence and forgotten to mention it to their thoughts.
But the guilt remained, and the guilt demanded.
Punishment was needed.
"They're going to fight," Dr. Haenlingen said. "When the
Confederation attacks, they're going to fight back. It's senseless:
even if we won, the Confederation fleet could blockade us, prevent
us getting a shipment out, bottle us up and starve us for good. But
they don't need sense, they need motive, which is quite a different
thing. They're going to fight—both because they need the
punishment of a really good licking, and because fighting is one
more way for them to deny their guilt."
"It seems complex," Norma said.
"Everything is complex," Dr. Haenlingen said, "as soon as human
beings engage in it. The action is simple enough: warfare."
"We've got to stop them—"
Dr. Haenlingen went on as if she hadn't heard. "The action serves
two different, indeed two contradictory purposes. If you think that's
something rare in the actions of mankind, you must be more naive
than you have any right to be."
"We've got to stop them," Norma said again. "Got to. They'll die—
we'll all die."
"There is nothing to do," Dr. Haenlingen said. "We are outplayed—by
the Confederation, by our own selves. We are outplayed: there are
no moves left. There is nothing I can offer, nothing anyone can offer,
quite as attractive as the double gift of punishment and denial."
Shockingly, for the first time, the old woman sounded tired. Her
voice was thin in the gray room. "Nothing we can do, Norma. You're
dismissed: go back to work."
"But you can't just give up—you can show them there aren't any real
reasons, show them they're not being rational—"
"Oh, but they'll be rational," Dr. Haenlingen said in the same still
voice. "Wait for the rumors to start, Norma. Wait for them to begin
telling each other that the Confederation is going to kill them all
anyhow, take them back and hang them as war criminals—"
"That's ridiculous!"
"Perhaps."
"Then—"
"Rumors during a war are almost always ridiculous. That fact makes
no difference at all. They'll be believed—because they have to be
believed."
Norma thought. "We can start counter-rumors."
"Which would not be believed. They offer nothing, nothing that
these people want. Oh, yes, people can be changed—" Dr.
Haenlingen paused. "Given sufficient time and sufficient equipment,
it is possible to make anyone into anything, anything at all. But to
change these people, to make them act as we want—the time
required is more than ten years, Norma. And we haven't got ten
years."
"We've got to try," Norma said earnestly.
"What we have got," Dr. Haenlingen said, "is more like ten days. And
there is nothing to do in ten days. The people have spoken. Vox
populi...." The eyes closed. There was a silence Norma waited,
astonished, horrified. "Perhaps it is necessary," Dr. Haenlingen's
voice said. "Perhaps ... we must wait. Ich kann nicht anders...."
"What?" Norma asked.
"Martin Luther," Dr. Haenlingen's voice said, remote and thin. "It
means: 'I can do nothing else.' He wrote it as his justification for a
course of action that was going to get him excommunicated,
perhaps killed."
"But—"
Dr. Haenlingen said nothing, did nothing. The body sat behind its
desk in the gray room. Norma stared, then turned and fled.
 14
The mixture of feelings inside Cadnan was entirely new to him, and
he couldn't control it very well. He found himself shaking without
meaning to, and was unable to stop himself. There was relief, first of
all, that it was all over, that he no longer had to worry about what
Marvor might have planned, or whether Marvor were going to
involve him. There was fright, seeing anyone carry through such a
foolhardy, almost impious idea in the teeth of the masters. And there
was simple disappointment, the disappointment of a novice
theologue who has seen his pet heretic slip the net and go free.
For Cadnan had tried, earnestly, night after night, to convert Marvor
to the new truths the elders had shown him. They were luminously
obvious to Cadnan, and they set the world in beautiful order; but,
somehow, he couldn't get through to Marvor at all, couldn't express
the ideas he had well enough or convincingly enough to let Marvor
see how beautiful and true all of them really were. For a time, in
fact, he told himself with bitterness that Marvor's escape had really
been all his own fault. If he'd only had more talks with Marvor, he
thought cloudily, or if he'd only been able to speak more
convincingly....
But regret is part of a subjunctive vocabulary. At least one writer has
noted that the subjunctive is the mark of civilization. This may be
true: it seems true: in Cadnan's case, at any rate, it certainly was
true. Uncivilized, he spent little time in subjunctive moods. All that
he had done, all that Marvor had done, was open to him, and he
remembered it often—but, once the bad first minutes were past, he
remembered everything with less and less regret. The mixture, as it
stood, was heady enough for Cadnan's untrained emotions.
He had tried to talk to Marvor about the truths, of course. Marvor,
though, had been obstinately indifferent. Nothing made any
impression on his hardened, stubborn mind. And now he was gone.
Dara had the news first. She came into their common room at the
end of the day, very excited, her hands still moving as if she were
turning handles in the refinery even after the close of work. Cadnan,
still feeling an attraction for her, and perceiving now that something
had disturbed her, stayed where he was squatting. Attraction for
Dara, and help given to her, might lead to mating, and mating was
against the rule. But Dara came to him.
"Do you know what happens with Marvor?" she said. Her voice,
always quiet, was still as sweet to Cadnan as it had ever been. "He
is gone, and the masters do not know where."
The mixture of emotions began: surprise and relief first, then regret
and disappointment, then fear, all boiling and bubbling inside him
like a witch's stew. He spoke without thinking: "He is gone to break
the chain of obedience. He is gone to find others who think as he
thinks."
"He is escaped," Dara said. "It is the word the masters use, when
they speak of this."
"It happens before now," Cadnan told her. "There are others, whom
he joins."
Dara shut her eye. "It is true. But I know what happens when there
is an escape. In the place where my work is, there is one from Great
Bend Tree. She tells me of what happens."
Dara fell silent and Cadnan watched her nervously. But he had no
chance to speak: she began again, convulsively.
"When this other escapes it is from a room of Great Bend Tree."
Cadnan nodded: he and Dara were of Bent Line Tree, and hence in a
different room. The segregation, simple for the masters, was handy
and unimportant, and so it was used. Cadnan thought it natural:
every tree had its own room.
"Do they find the one who escapes?" he asked.
"They find him. The masters come in and they punish the others
from the room."
Precedent was clearly recognizable, even though it made no sense.
Those who had not escaped surely had no reason to be punished,
Cadnan thought. But what the masters had done to Great Bend Tree
they would do to Bent Line Tree.
Everyone would be punished.
With a shock he realized that "everyone" included Dara.
He heard himself speak. "You must go."
Dara looked at him innocently. "Go?" she said.
"You must go as Marvor has gone. The masters do not take you for
punishment if you go."
"There is nothing for me to do," she said, and her eye closed. "No. I
wait for you, but only to tell you this: there is nothing I can do."
"Marvor is gone," Cadnan said slowly. "You, too, can go. Maybe the
masters do not find you. If you stay you are punished. If you go and
they do not find you there is no punishment for you." It amazed him
that she could not see so clear a point.
"Then all can go," she said. "All can escape punishment."
Cadnan grunted, thinking that over. "Where one goes," he said at
last, "one can go. Maybe many can not go."
Her answer was swift. "And you?"
"I stay here," he said, trying to sound as decisive as possible.
Dara turned away. "I do not listen to your words," she said flatly. "I
do not hear you or see you."
Cadnan hissed in anguish. She had to understand.... "What do I say
that is wrong? You must—"
"You speak of my going alone," she said. "But that is me, and no
more. What of the others?"
"Marvor," Cadnan said after a second. "He is to come and aid them.
He tells me this. We join him and come back with him, away from
here, to where he stays now. Then none of us are punished." He
paused. "It will be a great punishment."
"I know," Dara said. "Yet one does not go alone."
Her voice was so low that Cadnan could barely hear it, but the words
were like sharp stones, stabbing fear into his body. For the first time,
he saw clearly exactly what she was driving at. And after a long
pause, she spoke again.
"Where one goes, two may go. Where Marvor goes, two may follow,
one to lead the other."
"One goes alone," Cadnan said, feeling himself tremble and trying to
control it. "You must go."
It seemed a long time before she spoke again, and Cadnan held
himself tightly, until his muscles began to ache.
"We go together," she said at last "Two go where one has gone.
Only so do I leave at all."
It was an ultimatum, and Cadnan understood what was behind it.
But an attraction between Dara and himself ... he said: "There is the
rule of the tree," but it was like casting water on steel.
"If we leave here," Dara said, "why think of a smaller rule?"
Cadnan tried to find words, but there were no words. She had won,
and he knew it. He could not let Dara stay behind to draw a great
punishment, possibly even to die, to be no more Dara. And there
was no way of forcing her to go and escape that fate—no way
except to go with her.
"We must wait until they sleep," Dara said in a sudden return to
practicality. "Then we go."
Cadnan looked around at the huddled, vaguely stirring forms of his
companions. Fear was joined by a sort of sickness he had never
known before. He was a slave, and that was good—but once outside
where would he find work, or food, or a master? Where there was
no master, Cadnan told himself, there was no slave: he was nothing,
nameless, non-existent.
But there was neither word nor action for him now. He tried once
more to argue but his words were parried with a calm tenacity that
left no room for discussion. In the end he was ready to do what he
had to do—had to do in order, simply, to save Dara. There was no
other reason: he needed none.
He had heard of the attraction of male for female, though some did
not experience it until the true time of mating. He had not until that
moment known how strong the attraction could be.

The waiting, though it seemed like positive days, didn't take long.
The others in the room fell asleep, by habit, one by one, and soon
Dara and Cadnan were the only ones left awake. Neither was
tempted to sleep: their own terror and their decision kept them very
effectively alert.
Cadnan said: "If the masters see us?"
Dara turned on him a face that seemed completely calm. "They do
not see us," she said flatly. "Now do not speak."
They rose and, silently, went to the door. The door opened just as
quietly, and shut once again behind them.
The corridor was filled with watching eyes, Cadnan felt: but there
were no masters in evidence. They stood for a second, waiting, and
then Dara started down toward the big room at the end, her feet
silent on the floor, and Cadnan followed her.
No masters were visible. There should have been guards, but the
guards might have been anywhere: one escape had hardly served to
alert a lazy, uninterested group who performed their duties out of no
more than habit. Wherever the guards were resting, they were not
in the corridor: everything went smoothly. It was smoother than
Cadnan was willing to believe.
Soon, though, they were actually in the great lobby of the building.
It, too, was dark and empty. They stood dwarfed by the place, the
gigantic doors that led to freedom no more than a few feet away.
Cadnan kept telling himself that where Marvor had gone he, too,
could go. But Marvor had had a plan, and Cadnan had none.
Yet they were safe—so far, so far. They walked toward the door now,
a step at a time. Each step seemed to take an hour, a full day. Dara
walked ahead, straight and tall: Cadnan caught up with her, and she
put out her hand. There was no more than an instant of hesitation.
He took the hand.
That pledged them to each other, until the time of mating. But what
was one more law now?
Another step. Another.
Cadnan, in the silence, was suddenly tempted to make a noise, any
sort of noise—but it seemed impossible to create sound. The quiet
dimness wrapped him like a blanket. He took another step.
Mating, he thought. If the chain of obedience was broken would the
trees refuse to obey, in their turn? Puna had said so, and it was true.
And if the trees refused to obey there would be no mating....
Yet Dara would be safe. That was the important thing. One thing at
a time.
Another step.
And then, at last, the door.
Cadnan pushed at it, and it opened—and then there was sound,
plenty of sound, more sound than he could have imagined, sound to
fill the great lobby, to fill the entire building with rocking, trembling
agonies of noise!
There was an alarm-bell, to be exact, an alarm-buzzer, combinations
and solo cadenzas. The guards were, after all, no more than
dressing: the automatic machinery never slept, and it responded
beautifully and with enthusiasm.
Cadnan and Dara ran crazily out into the darkness. The building fell
behind them and the jungle was ahead: still they ran, but Cadnan
felt the ground, bumpy instead of smooth, and stumbled once,
nearly falling. He saw Dara ahead of him. Getting up and beginning
again was automatic: panic beat at him. The noise grew and grew.
His feet moved, his heart thudded....
And then the lights went on.
Automatic sweep searchlights were keyed in. The machinery
continued to respond.
Cadnan found himself suddenly struck blind: ahead of him, Dara
made a single, lonely, terrified sound that overrode all the alarms.
Cadnan tried to shout: "We must run! In the dark the masters
cannot see—"
But, of course, by then it was too late to move.
The masters were all around them.
The escape was over.
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