Computer studies revision questions  Precision: It is possible to represent 11. Give 3 examples of peripheral devices 19.

ve 3 examples of peripheral devices 19. State three main attributes that are used to classify
information, especially numerical quantities, to  Mouse computers into generations.
1. (a)Define the following terms;
any (reasonable) desired degree of accuracy.  Keyboard  ·Technology used to process and store
i. Computer- it refers to an electronic device
This quality is very useful in scientific and  Monitor information
that works under stored program to accept
engineering applications. 12. Differentiate between the 2 types of system units  ·Processing speed
data input and processes it thereby producing
 Security: Computer provides a measure of   ·Storage and or memory capacity
desired output
security for data and information stored in it by 13. Explain the developments made in the following 20.
ii. Data- it refers to raw unorganized facts which
use of passwords or some other form of computers 21. Describe the classification of computers according
may include alphabets, numbers, symbols
identification.  Chinese abacus- this was a Chinese counting to history and generation
and have no much meaning to the user
6. State 5 disadvantages of computer instrument which dates back to 3000BC and  First generation computers (1940-1958)
iii. Information- it refers to processed data that is
 computer hardware and software are expensive consisted of a rectangular frame and a crossbar  Second generation computers (1958-
meaningful to the user
thus many may not afford at the middle. It also consists of wires or strings 1964)
iv. Data processing- it refers to the
transformation of data into meaningful  Computers cut down on employment with running across from the frame to the cross  Third generation computers (1964-1970)
output called information opportunities and even cause some people to bar. The wires or strings has beads and each bead  Fourth generation computers (1970-
v. Program- it refers to a set of instructions that lose their jobs above the crossbar has a value of 5 and each 1990)
the computer follows when processing data  Long term use of computers may cause health below has a value of 1  Fifth generation computers (1990-upto
vi. ICT- it refers to the integration of computers problems such as eye strain  Napier bones- date)
and telecommunication facilities for the  Accidental loss of information by a computer  Analytical engine- analytical engine was designed 22. State 6 characteristics of first-generation
purpose of communication may paralyses an organization especially if there by an English mathematician Charles Babbage computers
vii. Computer studies- is the study of how was no backup and is regarded as the first real computer.  They consumed a lot of power
computers are used in accepting,  Computers may be used as a source of crime e.g. 14. Represent the number six thousand nine hundred  They generated a lot of heat
manipulating data, storage of data and fraud and eight using an abacus  They used vacuum tubes (thermionic valves)
production of outputs. 7. Explain 4 parts of a computer as a system as basic components for memory storage
 Monitor- this is a screen that displays output  They used punch cards and paper tapes for
(b) State 3 differences between data and information enabling the user to see/monitor what is external storage
Data Information going on in the computer  They used circuitry for CPU
Raw facts Processed data  System unit- this is a casing which houses the  They required air conditioning
Disorganized Organized brain of the computer called the processor  They were huge in size
Have no meaning to Have meaning to the and other hardware components such as
15. State 3 characteristics of the analytical engine  Output was displayed on printouts
user user drives
16. Who is regarded as the father of modern  They used machine language (binary codes)
2. Outline two main basic hardware components of  Keyboard- it refers to a keying device that has for programming
computer system. an array of keys and enables the user to enter computers?
Charles Babbage  They were costly
data into the computer through typing
· System unit 17. Explain 4 factors used to classify computers  They constantly broke down due to the heat
 Mouse- this is a pointing hardware device
· Peripheral devices such as Keyboard, mouse and  History and generation- due to the rapid generated
that enables the user to control the cursor on
monitor. advancements in computer development  Their processing speed was slow
the monitor
3. computers can be classified into 5 generations  Storage capacity was low
8. Differentiate between the motherboard and the
4. State 4 abilities of a computer CPU  Functionality- this is the classification of  Used magnetic drum memory
5. State 4 advantages of using a computer computers based on the type of data it can 23. State 2 advantages of first-generation computers
 Speed- A computer is fast thus is able to Motherboard is the main circuit board housed inside process  Vacuum tubes made it possible for development
accomplish more within a short period of time system unit where the electronic components such as  Size and processing power- based on this of digital computers
the CPU, video cards, RAM and other circuitry are factor computers can be classified into  They were the fastest calculating machines at
 Automation- computers work with minimum
mounted WHILE CPU (Central Processing Unit) microcomputers, minicomputers, main-frame that time
human intervention as long as they are supplied
also called processor is the core component of a computers and super computers 24. State 4 disadvantages of first-generation
with human information
computer that takes raw data and converts it into  Purpose- based on this factor computers are computers
 Accuracy- computers provide accurate
information. classified according to the task they carry out, Derive from the characteristics above
information as long as they are fed with the
correct data that is either special purpose or general 25. Give 4 examples of first-generation computer
9. State 3 functions of a drive
 Storage- computers have the ability to store purpose  EDVAC- enhanced digital variable
 Store data
large amounts of data and information 18. Write down the main reason that led to the automatic computer
 Record data
 Versatile- computers can perform a variety of development of computers.  ENIAC- enhanced numerical integrator
 Read data
tasks at the same time and calculator
10. Define the term peripheral device- it refers to ·It was because of the need to come up with a device
 Diligence- computers can work for a long period  EDSAC- electronic delay storage automatic
external auxiliary devices which are connected to or machine that could assist in computations, storage
of time by doing repetitive tasks without getting calculator
the system unit through interface cables via ports and retrieval.
bored and carry data and information to and from the  LEO- Lyons electronic office
computer  IBM 650- international business machine
  UNIVAC-universal automatic computer  Consumed less power  Are very powerful, with very high processing  Minicomputers
26. State 4 characteristics of 2nd generation computers  Had low maintenance cost as hardware speeds  Mainframe computers
 Used transistors in circuitry failure was rare  The computers can perform multiprocessing  Super computers
 Magnetic tapes replaced punch cards 29. State 2 disadvantages of 3rd generation computers  Have virtually unlimited (very high) memory 46. Define a microcomputer
 They were smaller in size compared to 1st gen  They were costly sizes It refers to a computer whose processor has been
 They used low level language/assembly/,  High sophisticated technology was  Can support complex programs implemented with a microprocessor
mnemonic language for programming required to make the integrated circuits  Use advanced hard disks and optical disks for 47. Outline six characteristics of microcomputers.
 They had increased memory size 30. Explain the advantage of use of integrated circuits storage, e.g. DVDs  ·They are used by one person at a time
 They were relatively faster than the 1st in the 3rd generation computers  Use of multi user operating systems &  ·Their processor is called Microprocessor
generation computers  The use of integrated circuits improved the advanced application programs because it is quite small in size.
 Used magnetic core memories computers processing speed and storage  They make use of AI which enable them to  ·They have a slow processing speed.
 Were less costly than first generation capacity support complex programs that mimic human  ·They have a small storage and memory
computers 31. Explain the difference between transistors and intelligence capacity
integrated circuits (ICs) 38. Define the term artificial intelligence  ·They are the cheapest computers
17.state 4 advantages of 2nd generation computers  Transistors are tiny solid state electronic It refers to a set of complex instructions that  ·Most of them are portable.
 They consumed less power devices using in 2nd generation computers and enable computers to support complex programs  ·Very limited peripheral devices can be
were much smaller than the vacuum tubes that mimic human intelligence connected to them.
 They were smaller in size
while integrated circuits refers to an electronic 39. What is Integrated Circuit and how is it made.  · They can use a wide range of software
 The had increased memory
device consisting of thousands of tiny transistor 48. Describe the 2 types of microcomputers
 They generated less heat An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device
circuits edged on a semiconductor called a  Personal computers/desktop computers- this is
 They were less prone to hardware failure silicon chip made out of a semiconductor material. It is made by
combining several transistors bundled together as a the type which is designed to be placed on the
18.State 3 disadvantages of 2nd generation computers 32. State 4 characteristics of 4th generation computers desk and is not portable
 Used large scale integrated (LSI) circuits & single chipset.
 Portable microcomputers- these are the
 They required air conditioning very large scale integrated (VLSl) circuits in 40. Match the computer generation with the smaller types of microcomputers which are
 They required frequent maintenance their technology used with the main electronic portable i.e. they can easily be carried from
 Commercial production was costly  They were small & very fast component. place to place
 Magnetic disks, bubble memories and optical  Generation Technology 49. State 4 examples of portable microcomputers
19.List 4 examples of 2nd generation computers
disks were used for storage  Third Thermionic valves  Laptop
 IBM 1401, 7070  The first operating system was introduced  First Integrated circuits  Palmtop
 Atlas Leo mark III  They used microprocessor technology  Fourth Transistor  Tablet
 Univac 1107  They could process data in a network  Second Large-scale integration  Personal digital assistant (PDA)
 Honeywell 200 33. Give 3 examples of 4th generation computers 41.  Smart phone
 Boroughs 7700 42. Explain the following types of computers based on 50. State 4 advantages of laptops
20.State 4 characteristics of 3rd generation computers
 IBM 370 & 4300 functionality  They are portable
 Used integrated circuits in their memory  Apple II (a) Analog computers  Ruggedness- they are designed to withstand the
 They were faster than second generation  Honeywell DPS-88 It refers to the type of computers that rigors of travel
computers  Amdahl 580 processes data that is in continuous form i.e.  They have inbuilt batteries thus can be used
 Slightly smaller in size than 1st & 2nd 34. Define a microprocessor and give 3 examples non-discrete data when there is no power supply
generation computers It refers to a complete central processing unit in (b) Digital computers  Display- they have active color screens which
 They used a wide range of peripheral devices a microcomputer. They include Intel Pentium 4, It refers to computers which processes data
produce clearer and sharper images thus
 Could support remote communication Amd 64 Athlon that is in non-continuous form i.e. discrete
reducing eyestrain
facilities/ more than one user at the same 35. State 4 advantages of 4th generation computers data
51. State 4 disadvantages of laptop computers
time  Generated negligible heat (c) Hybrid computers
 They may easily fall and break
 Magnetic disks were introduced for storage  Much faster in computing It refers to computers that processes both
 They may be easily stolen
purposes which replaced magnetic tapes  They were not prone to hardware failure digital and analog data
 There screens are limited to VGA resolution
 43. Give 3 examples of analog computers/devices
 They used high level language for They were smaller thus portable  Many laptops have low clock speeds thus
programming 36. State the main disadvantage of 4th generation  Thermometer
slower performance
27. Give 3 examples of 3rd generation computers computers  Speedometer
 laptops have few ports thus no growth
 IBM 650 Highly sophisticated technology was required for  Analog watch
potential
 BORROUGHS 5500 the manufacture of LSIC & VLSIC  Bathroom scale
52. Describe the following types of
 ICL 1900 Series 37. State 4 characteristics of 5th generation computers  Post office scale
computers(characteristics)
28. State 4 advantages of 3rd generation computers  They used ultra large-scale integration, 44. State 3 examples of digital computers
(a) Microcomputers
 They were smaller in size pipelining and parallel architecture as their 45. List 4 types of computers according to size and
 It is least powerful type of computers
main electronic components. processing power
 The emitted less heat which have incorporated
 Microcomputers
 microprocessor and ae mainly used in  Because of their weight they are kept in 56. Explain the 4 basic functions a computer will System unit, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer
learning institutions special rooms perform on data 63. List 4 devices located under the cover of the
 Are designed to be used by one person  Due to their huge processing power, they  Input process- the user will enter data e.g. by system unit
at a time generate a lot of heat thus require cooling typing through the keyboard and the computer  Central processing unit (CPU)
(b) Minicomputers/small scale main frame 53. Give six differences between super computers and will accept the data input  Motherboard
computers microcomputers.  Storage process- once the computer has  Power supply unit
 They are the type of computers which  ·Super computers are very big in size while accepted the data input it stores the data in its  Main memory
have the size of a standard refrigerator. microcomputer are smaller. memory  Hard disk
They are smaller and less powerful  ·Super computers operate at high speed while  Processing- the computer will the manipulate  Disk drives E.G. CD-drive, DVD-drive
than the main frame and are mainly micro computers are very slow. the data into information  Buses
used in research institutions and  ·Super computers perform very complex  Output process- the computer then displays the  Video card
scientific laboratories; they have high processes while microcomputers perform results to the user  Expansion slots
quality monitors simple operations. 57. Define the following terms 64. Give 2 differences between tower style system unit
 it supports fewer peripheral devices and  ·Super computers have very large storage and (a) Cycle- it refers to a sequence of activities and the desktop system unit
are cheaper. They were developed for memory capacity while micro computers have carried out in order to present the user with  Tower style is designed to stand alone e.g. on the
smaller organizations smal1 storage and memory capacity. meaningful results floor while the desktop type is designed to be
 Mini computers may be used as  Super computers allow very many peripheral (b) Information processing cycle- it refers to a placed on the desk with the monitor on top
network and Internet servers. They are devices to be connected to them while series of steps carried out in order to transform
 Tower type has more space for expansion than
used in various sectors such as microcomputers allow very few peripheral data to information
the desktop type
commercial sectors for batch devices to be connected to them. 58. Give 2 reasons why a computer is referred to as an 65. State 3 differences between desktop computers and
processing operations such as  ·Super computers generate a lot of heat while electronic device laptop computers
generation of payrolls and other related microcomputers generate negligible heat.  It uses electric signals to process data  Desktop computers are designed to be placed on
information systems.  ·Super computers consume a lot of power  It is made up of electrical components and the des while laptop computers are designed to
(c) Mainframe computers while microcomputers consume less power. uses electric energy to operate be placed on the user’s lap
 They are less expensive and less  · Super computers are used in research 59. State 3 main characteristics of a computer  Desktop computer s not portable while a laptop
powerful when compared to centers, military and scientific research while  It has a processor computer is portable
supercomputers and are mainly used in micro computers are used in homes, offices  · It has memory (both primary memory and  Desktop computer has no inbuilt battery while a
government institutions and big and businesses. secondary) for storing both programs and laptop computer has an inbuilt battery
companies such as banks and hospitals 54. Name 3 types of computers when classified data being processed 66. Explain the trend in microcomputer technology in
 They are used for performing complex according to purpose  ·It accepts data input through the input relation to size
mathematical calculations  Special purpose computers devices They are become smaller and portable e.g.
 They have a large storage capacity  General purpose computers  · It gives out output through output devices Personal digital assistant
 They are operated directly by the users.  Dedicated computers  · It transforms data into information (process 67. State 3 reasons why smaller computers like laptops
 They support a wide range of 55. Differentiate between the following types of data) characteristic tend to be more expensive than desktop computers
peripheral devices computers 60. State any 3 functions of a computer  The technology used to produce smaller devices
 They can support many users at a time. (a) General purpose computers and special purpose  Accepting data input is expensive
 · They have a high processing speed but computers  Processing data  Laptops are portable while desktop computers
less than that of supercomputers. General purpose computers are designed to  Producing information are not portable
 They have a large storage and memory perform several tasks when loaded with the 61. With examples explain the difference between the  Laptop computers have rechargeable batteries
capacity but less than that of appropriate programs while special purpose following input/output/ terms used in computer while desktop computers do not have
supercomputers. computers are designed to perform a specific system 68. Which category of computers would you place an -
 ·They are expensive to acquire task (a) Read and write series Nokia phone- microcomputer
 ·They are big in size hence not portable (b) Standalone computers and network computer  Read refers to the process of transferring 69. Give 3 reasons why a mobile phone is regarded to
 ·They allow very many devices to be Standalone computer refers to that which is data from an input device into the computer be a computer
connected to them including mini not interconnected with others i.e. is not e.g. the computer reads from a disk or a  It uses electrical energy to operate
computers and microcomputers. connected to a network while network keyboard while write refers to the process of  It has a screen
 computer refers to the one which is transferring information from the computer  It has a keypad for input
(d) Supercomputers- interconnected with other computers i.e. is to an output device e.g. computer writes  It is able to store data
 They are the largest, fastest, most powerful connected to a network output to a printer  It is programmable
and most expensive computers mainly used in (c) Embedded computer and dedicated computer  Read refers to the process of moving/copying 70. Give 3 examples of special purpose computers
scientific research, simulation, weapon Embedded computers are those inbuilt in data from backing storage to the main  Robots
analysis, weather forecast etc. devices that perform specific tasks i.e. in a computer storage while write refers to the
microwave while dedicated computers are  Calculators (calculations only)
 They are able to perform complex calculations process of moving/copying data from the
those which perform several tasks but only  Computer used in a Microwave
in a fraction of a second main computer storage to a backing storage
one task at a time  Computers used in a washing machine
62. State 4 different parts that make up a computer
  Computers used in petrol pumps 75. Identify and explain 5 areas where computers are  For advertisement purposes which  Improves data security and privacy
 Computers used in power processing used to process data enable the industry attract more 79. Define a computer laboratory
plants (a) Supermarket customers It refers to a special room set aside and prepared
 Word processor  For stock control i.e. what is in store, what (h) Transport industry for safe installation of computers and provide a
71. Give 3 examples of areas where each of the has been sold and what is out of stock  In airports to control movement of aircrafts conducive environment for teaching and learning
following type of computers can be used  For calculating customers change their landing and takeoff through use of radar computer studies
(a) Super computer  For production of receipts  For booking flights 80. List down five qualities of a good computer
 Weather forecasting  To read barcodes  Storing flight information laboratory.
 Petroleum research  Monitorization through CCTV  Used to control traffic lights which monitor  ·It should have a stable and reliable power
 Defense and weapon analysis (b) School/education vehicles in busy town supply
 Aerodynamic design and simulation  Learning process e.g. Computer aided  In railway corporations to coordinate the  · It should be properly ventilated
(b) Main frame computer learning (CAL) movement of goods and wagons  ·Ensure that the room is well lit
 Banks to prepare bills and payrolls  Teaching process e.g. Computer aided  In shipping control for efficient management  ·Install the room with Standard furniture
 Hospitals teaching (CAT) of fleets, cargo handling and communication  ·There should be proper safety mechanisms
 Airports for booking and store flight info  Producing exams  To locate vehicles through global positioning for users, data/information, hardware and
 Communication networks as servers  Research by students system (GPS) software.
(c) Minicomputer  Communicating to parents (i) Offices 81. State 4 factors to consider when setting up a
 Scientific laboratories and research  Storing students’ information such as  For receiving and sending information e.g. computer laboratory
institutions names through emails  Security of the computers
 Engineering plats for controlling  Processing students’ marks  Production of documents  Reliability of the source of power
mechanical processes (c) Banks  Keeping of organization records  Number of computers to be installed and the
 Space industry  Management of financial transactions (j) Hospital amount of space available
 Communication centers as servers through special cash dispensing machines  Keep records of patients  The maximum number of users that the
 Insurance companies such as ATMs to deposit and withdraw  Used to obtain a cross sectional view of a laboratory is to accommodate
(d) Microcomputer/personal computer cash patient’s body for proper diagnosis 82. State 3 reasons why rules, precautions and
 Training and learning institutions such as  Processing of cheques  Support life machines in intensive care units practices need to be observed while in a computer
 Preparation of payrolls (ICU) laboratory
schools
 Communication centers as terminals  Keeping clients’ records (k) Library services  To avoid accidental injury to the users
 Provide electronic money transfer  Enables the library personnel to easily  To avoid damage of computers
 Small business enterprise e.g. shops
72. What is a personal computer (PC) facilities access and keep updated records of books  To avoid lacking a conducive environment for
(d) Law enforcement agencies/police station  Enables library personnel to search for the teaching and learning
This is a small microcomputer that can only be used  Matching, analyzing and keeping title of boos instead of manual card 83. Examples 4 examples of rules, precautions and
by one person at any given time. databases of fingerprints catalogue practices need to be observed while in a computer
 For taking photographs and other (l) Communication laboratory/safety precautions when entering the
identification details  Sending and receiving emails computer laboratory
73. State 4 factors to consider when purchasing a  For record keeping  Teleconferencing  Avoid smoking or exposing the computer to
microcomputer  Telecommuting dust because dust and smoke contains some
 Scene monitoring and analysis which
 Type of processor enables the police to conduct criminal 76. Define the following terms abrasive particles which may damage the
 Processing speed investigations swiftly (a) Biometric analysis- it refers to the study of computer components and cause wearing of
 Amount of memory (RAM) human biological characteristics to know moving parts
(e) Entertainment
 Storage capacity of the hard disk  Playing video games fingerprints voice and facial features  Avoid carrying food and beverages to the
 Cost of the computer (b) Robot- it refers to a computerized machine computer ab because food particles may fall
 Listening to music
 Number of users who can access the that works like human being mainly used to into movable parts of the computer and cause
 Watching movies
computer at a time perform tasks that are too unpleasant, damage. moreover, liquid may spill into the
(f) Homes/domestic use
 Speed of output devices dangerous or tedious to human beings computer parts causing rusting and electrical
 Storing personal information
74. Explain 4 reasons which make a microcomputer 77. In relation to computers explain why the world has defaults
 Calculating and keeping home budgets
suitable for personal computing work also been referred to as a global village  Avoid unnecessary movements because you
 Entertainment such as playing music may accidentally knock down peripheral
 It is cheaper e.g. Than minicomputers Because of the speed in which information can
(g) Industries devices
 They have high processing speeds be transmitted around the world using computers
 To monitor and control industrial  At all times follow the correct procedure for
 Are small in size thus occupy less space 78. Identify 3 advantages of using computers in
processes through the use of robots starting ad shutting down the computer to
 Consume less power thus are energy efficient banking
 For management control through avoid loss of data and damaging the computer
 Are versatile e.g. Can be used to do several  Speed and accuracy
keeping track of transactions programs
tasks at the same time  Ease of access to information
 Ease of update of information  Only authorized people should enter the
 Requires less space for storage laboratory
  Shut the door of the computer room properly  Installing air conditioning system  To avoid confusing the data in different
 Collect any waste that may be lying in the  Avoid overcrowding of either machines or ·Adjust the brightness of the monitor diskettes
computer laboratory and put them in the people in the laboratory Bright reflection  To prevent mixing diskettes that are used
to the comfort of your eyes.
dustbin 89. Why would it not be good to install powder or every day with those used for long term
 Computer illiterate should not be allowed to water-based extinguishers in the computer room? storage of important information
operate the computer  Powder particles settle on storage devices and 98. List 3 things that can spoil a printer if they are not
Using a computer for
84. List down seven ways of taking care of computers may scratch them during read and write of the correct specifications and explain what
a long period of time
in the laboratory. operation Headache Always take frequent breaks. damage may be caused
without taking a
 ·Lock the doors and windows of the  Water causes rusting of metallic parts of the  printer paper- different printers have
break.
laboratory when computer room is not in use. computers different sensitivity to printing papers.
 · Reinforce the windows by installing metallic  Water may also result in short circuits Using the wrong quality paper in a
grills and burglar proof doors. 90. Explain why halon gas-based extinguishers are Poor sitting posture particular printer can make a paper get
Sit in a proper posture. Adjust the
Backache or use of substandard stack
 Restrict access to the computer room by use preferred to carbon IV oxide gas-based furniture to your comfort.
extinguishers furniture.  cartridges and ribbons- printers are very
of security personnel and fitting security
alarms at strategic positions. Carbon IV oxide gas-based extinguishers may specific to manufacturers cartridges and
 Maintain tidiness always by keeping the result in suffocation of computer users incase ribbons. Use of clones can damage the
computer room clean. used during a fire outbreak in the computer room printer’s mechanism
94. Identify 3 proper sitting postures to observe when
 Keep the computers free from dust and smoke 91. State 3 reasons why a computer needs to be  refilling of cartridges/re-inking of
using the computer
by covering them with dust covers. connected to a stable power supply ribbons- it can spoil the printer due to
 Adopt a relaxed upright posture to avoid leaning
 Restrict access to computers by use of  To prevent damage of the computer’s secondary leakage
forward to backward
security constraints such as passwords or storage media 99. explain 4 ways computer technology could make
 The feet should firmly be place flat on the floor
access privileges.  To avoid loss of important data and info that office more efficient
 The seat must be high enough to allow the eyes
 Keep the computers away from any form of had not been saved before the failure  there is easier and faster retrieval of data
to be at the same level with the top of the screen
liquid and moisture.  To avoid damage of if such as application thus reduce wastage of effort and time
 The seat should have a straight backrest to allow
 Ensure that there is a stable and reliable software stored on the media  increased accuracy of data
someone seat upright. This prevents muscle
power supply. 92. State 4 functions of uninterruptable power supply  better presentation of data
pains and back aches
85. Explain the reason for the following in the (UPS)  ensure faster processing of data
 The height of the chair or working surface must
computer laboratory  It prevents sudden power surge which may  ensures there is economic use of storage
be high enough such that your forearms are
(a) Smoke and dust particles are harmful to the damage the computer space
parallel with the floor and your wrists ar
computer  It enables the user to save his/her work by 100. with an example define the term power
straight
Dust and smoke particles may settle on storage proving power during blackouts and brownouts backups
 The seat must be high enough relative to the
devices and may scratch them during read and  Enables the user to switch off the computer  are devices that provide alternative source of
table to enable the user use the hand on the
write process using the correct procedure in case of a power e.g. standby generator
peripheral devices comfortably
They affect cooling of the computer blackout 101. state 4 measures that should be observed in the
95. State 4 methods of minimizing dust in the
(b) Avoid carrying food and beverages to the  Alerts the user of power loss through ringing of computer lab
laboratory in order to protect
computer laboratory a bell (a) user
 Fit the lab with special curtains to reduce entry
(c) Avoid unnecessary movements  Provides stable power supply  Installation of gaseous fire extinguishers like
of dust particles
(d) At all times follow the procedure for starting 93. Mention 4 things which may cause strain in the those filled with CO2
 Cover the floor with carpets in order to absorb
and shutting down the computer computer room  Cables should be well insulated to protect the
dust
86. Explain three instabilities of power that may  Poor lighting of the room user from electric shocks
 Regular cleaning of the laboratory
contribute to the damage of a computer.  Bright monitors  The room should be well ventilated to prevent
 Power Blackout-where there is no power at  Cover the computers with dust covers when
 Flickering monitors suffocation
cleaning the room
all.  Very bright wall paints that reflect too much  The room should be well lit to protect the users
96. State 2 main causes of fire in the computer
 Power surge (spike) - Too much power/Power light from eyestrain which may then cause
laboratory and give the precautions that should be
exceeding standard voltage. headaches, stress and fatigue
taken to guard against them
 Power brownout (sag) - Under voltage. Problem Likely cause Possible remedy(s)  Use of standard furniture to protect the user
 Inflammable chemicals such as those used to
87. Describe the ideal environment for the computer to from repetitive strain injuries
clean the computer equipment’s. Keep the
work properly (b) Computers
Glare from the screen· Use anti-glare screens chemical away in store after use
 Should be free from dust, water and magnets  Cables should be well laid away from busy
 Open wires/cables. Ensure all electric wires are
 The room should be well ventilated Eye strain pathways in the room to prevent user from
insulated
 The room should have optimum humidity stumbling on them and causing the peripheral
 Smoking. Avoid smoking while in the lab
88. Identify 3 facilities that ensure there is proper Flickering monitor Avoid flickering monitor. devices to fall
 Ensure that the lab has gaseous fire
ventilation in a computer laboratory  The computer should be connected to a stable
extinguishers in case of any fire incident
 Large and enough doors and windows power source e.g. by use of UPS
97. State 2 reasons for labelling a diskette
 Installing fans
  Burglar proofing the room e.g. by fitting grills It refers to the process of starting the computer in  Close all programs that may be currently 118. Differentiate between spacebar key and tab
on weak access points to deter unauthorized which the computer prepares itself for use by running key.
access to the room which may result in theft of loading an operating system onto the main  Invoke the shutdown command
·Spacebar is used to create space between characters
the computers memory.  ·Wait for a moment for the computer to shut
when typing WHILE Tab key is used to move the text
 The room should be well ventilated to prevent 108. Explain what happens in the computer during down by itself
cursor at set intervals (for example 0.5" or 1") on the
overeating of the computers the booting process  ·Where applicable, switch off the power same line.
 Optimum humidity of 50% should be When the power is switched on, internally it first button(s)
maintained by use of humidifiers to avoid checks whether all the components are in good  ·Switch off the sockets from the mains supply 119. List down two commonly confusing keyboard
damage of computers condition i.e. the RAM, CMOS(BIOS), hard disk, or UPS keys during typing.
102. Explain why humidity of less than 50% and keyboard, drivers control etc. if no problem is 115. What is a keyboard  ·Letter 1 and letter I (1,1, I)
that above 70% is not recommended in the found it then loads the operating system It refers to an input device that allows the user to  ·Zero and letter o (0, O or o)
computer room 109. Differentiate between warm booting and cold enter commands into the computer for execution 120. In the context of selecting files or folders,
Humidity below 50% allows buildup of static booting by typing differentiate between control key and shift key.
electricity which can cause damage to sensitive Warm booting refers to the process by which the 116. Explain the 4 types of keys on a computer
electronic components while that above 70% may computer which was originally on is forced to ·The control key is used together with mouse to select
keyboard giving an example of each
cause rusting of metallic parts of the computer restart by pressing the restart button or using the non-contiguous (scattered) items or text while shift
 Function/command keys- are always located
system combination of keys on the keyboard key is used together with mouse to select a block of
along the top of a keyboard(F1-F12). They
103. State 3 ways of burglar proofing a computer (CTRL+ALT+DEL) while cold booting refers to contiguous items or text
are used for tasks that occur frequently in
room the process by which a computer which was most programs e.g. help menu 121. Describe what happens when the following
 Fitting strong metallic grills and lock on doors, originally off is switched on by pressing the  Alphanumeric keys- comprises of numbers key combination are pressed simultaneously.
windows and roofs power button on the system unit and the and all alphabets(A-Z;0-9)
 Do not welcome strangers into the computer computer check its components whether they are ·Ctrl+ALT+Del: In Windows 7, it will display a
 Cursor movement keys- are used to move the
room functioning properly through POST screen that lock the computer and log off. Or if
cursor on the screen. They include arrow
 Installing security alarms at strategic access 110. State 2 ways of restarting a computer installed with earlier window or restart if the
keys, page up and down keys, home and end
points that would alert the security personnel in  By pressing the restart button computer was still in POST process.
keys
case of a break in  By using a combination of keys on the
 Editing keys- are used to delete or insert 122. Define a cursor and state its importance
104. State 3 ways of reducing chances of eye strain keyboard (CTRL+ALT+DEL)
characters in a document. They include It refers to an indicator (blinking underscore (_)
in the computer laboratory 111. What type of memory is used to store the boot
insert key, delete key, backspace, spacebar or a vertical beam I) that shows where the next
 The computer room should be well lit up program- read only memory (ROM)
 Numeric keypad- consists of numbers from 0- character will appear when typed/ A cursor is a
 Adjust the brightness of the monitor until the 112. Describe the process of cold booting
9 and a set of mathematical operational signs special symbolic indicator displayed on the
eyes feel comfortable before using the  When the power button of the system unit is
such as +, -, / screen.
computer switched power supply goes into the mother
 Toggle keys- they are used to switch between ·The cursor is used to indicate the current
 Fit radiation filter screens to reduce the light board
different modes when typing i.e. from position where you can type or insert text.
that reaches the eyes  The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is
uppercase to lower case they include num 123. Explain the functions of the following keys
 Avoid using flickering monitors located which then directs the POST process.
lock, scroll lock and caps lock (a) Arrow keys- pressing the left or right arrow key
105. Explain the steps you would follow to set up a  The computer starts by checking all of its
 Special keys- are rarely used singly but in moves the cursor one character to the left or
new computer components whether they are functioning well combination with other keys to give the right respectively
 Gently and carefully connect the interface cable in a process called power on self-test (POST) compute specific instructions. They include (b) Page up and page down keys- pressing the page
of each device to the correct port and to the  During this process the monitor displays ·Control key (Ctrl), ·Shift key (Shift), ·ALT up key moves the cursor one page up in case
device information showing the status of each device key (Alt), ·Windows key (has Windows Logo the document has many pages and vice versa
 Connect the computer to the source of power being tested symbol), ·Escape (Esc), (c) Home and end keys- pressing the home key
and switch it on  In case one of the devices is faulty or missing 117. Explain the 4 examples of keys found within moves the cursor to the beginning of the
 Observe the boot up process on the screen this process is halt and a message alerting the the alphanumeric keys but are not alphanumeric current line while pressing the end key moves
whether the Power-On-Self-Test (POST) user is displayed on the screen  Caps lock key- used to switch between uppercase the cursor to the end of the current line
displays any error message. A successful boot  When the POST process is over the computer and lower-case characters (d) Insert key- helps the user to insert or replace a
means the computer was properly set up displays a prompt message requesting one to  Enter/return key- used to execute a given character at the cursor position
106. State 3 reasons why it is important to first shut start using it command and also move the cursor to the (e) Delete key- erases the characters at the cursor
down the computer before turning it off  When POST is successful, the operating system beginning of the next line when typing position from the left to right
 To avoid damaging the devices that ma still be is loaded into the random-access memory.  Tab key- used to move the cursor at set intervals 124. Name the keyboard key that will enable you
in use 113. What is BIOS on the same line (a) Type the upper character in a key- SHIFT key
 To avoid damaging the system and application  Space bar- creates a space between bars during (b) Execute a selected command- ENTER key
is a firmware that directs the entire POST process
files typing 125. The mouse has two basic buttons. State the
 To avoid loss of data and information 114. Describe the procedure for shutting down the  Backspace key- deletes characters from right to functions of each button.
107. Define the term computer booting computer left during typing
 Ensure all the work has been properly stored
  ·Right button: This button is used as short cut Every time the computer is turned on the internal  Promote efficiency in the wide range of
to menu items through context sensitive components get heated and again cool down when operations
menu. the computer is switched off. As a result, the circuit 137. List down FOUR disadvantages of computers
 ·Left Button: This button is used to execute a boards expand and contract and this can badly affect  Comparatively expensive in terms of
command or action or select text or block of solder-joints of a computer hardware, software and training the user
text or to draw an auto shape or resize an  Unemployment as it renders some people
131. Explain the importance of shutting down the
object. jobless
computer by following the correct procedure.
126. Explain the following terms associated with  Could be used as a source of crime
 To avoid loss of unsaved work
the use of a mouse  Too much reliance may paralyse an
 To avoid damage of the hard disk due to the
(a) Clicking organization in case of a breakdown
rotating header
This means pressing and releasing the left  They may render health risk e.g. eye strain
mouse button once. It often selects an item  To avoid damage of the active programs
138. Write down four differences between a
(b) Double clicking 132. State and explain the two insert modes during
computer and an electronic calculator.
Means pressing the left button twice in quick typing. 5. Define an input device
succession. It usually opens a file or starts a 133. List down two ways in which a student can use It refers to computer hardware components that
program arrow keys are used to enter data into the computer
 To move from one character to another on TOPIC 2: COMPUTER SYSTEMS 6. State 2 main functions of an input device
(c) Right clicking- pressing the right button of 1. Define the following terms as used in computing
the mouse once. It usually displays a list of the same line by pressing either the left or  Accept data and instructions from the user and
right arrow keys (a) System sends them to the CPU
commands called shortcut menu/ context It refers to a collection of components which
selective menu  To move from one line to another either by  Concerts data into a form that the computer can
use of up or down arrow keys must work together to achieve a desired goal
(d) Drag and drop- this is where the user drags understand
134. State the differences between integrated circuit (b) Computer system
an item from one location on the screen to 7. Discuss the 5 classes of input devices
(IC), Large scale integrated circuit (LSC) and ultra It refers to a collection of components namely the
another  Keying device- used to enter data into the
large scale (ULSC) hardware, software and liveware which must
(e) Hoovering – this is where the suer places the computer through an array of keys e.g. keyboard
work together to achieve the desired goal of data
cursor on an item and wits for a few seconds  Pointing device- are used to enter data or
processing
for the tool tip to be displayed instructions into the computer by controlling a
2. Differentiate between computer and a computer
127. Explain three ways on how you would open a pointer on the screen
system
folder or file located on the desktop A computer is composed of only the hardware  Scanning device- these are devices that capture
 ·By double clicking its icon and software while a computer system includes data from an object then converts into digital
 or both the hardware and software together with the format in which the computer can understand
 ·By selecting it and then press enter key liveware  Speech recognition device/voice input- these
 Or 3. Explain 3 fictional elements of a computer system devices allow the user to enter data into the
 ·By right clicking on its icon and then choose  Software- it refers to a set of instructions that computer through speech by use of a microphone
open the computer follows during data processing 8. Explain the following types of input devices
128. Briefly describe the procedure to accomplish (a) Digital camera
 Hardware- these refers to physical tangible
drag and drop operation using a mouse these device captures data in form of an image
components that makes up a computer system
 Point to the item you want to drag and stores it in a digital format which can then be
 Liveware- it refers to people who coordinate the
 Press the left mouse button and hold it down entered directly into the computer
various activities necessary to make the
 Slide the mouse until the pointer reaches the (b) Interactive whiteboard/smartboard
computer system perform useful tasks such as
desired position on the screen is a large interactive display which is connected
programmers, data entry clerks
to the computer and the computer display is then
 Release the mouse button and the item will be 4. Draw a well labelled diagram showing the
projected onto the board’s surface where the user
dropped in the new location functional units of a computer hardware / With the
can then control by used of a finger or a pen. The
129. State 3 ways of burglar proofing the computer help of a diagram, illustrate the major functional
board is typically mounted on a wall or on a floor
laboratory hardware elements of a computer system.
stand
 Fitting grills on weak access points such as
the windows 135. List down the programming languages used in
(c) Digitizer/graphical tablet
 Avoid welcoming strangers into the computer each of the FIVE generations of computer
it is a type of an input device that has a graphical
room languages.
tablet that allows the user to write using a pen
 Lock the doors 136. List down FIVE advantages of computers
like device called a stylus. The stylus moves on
 Use of personal identification cards  They are extremely fast thus saving time
the tablet and the drawing is then reflected on the
 Install security alarms at strategic points  Have large storage capacity screen. Mostly used in engineering and
130. Explain why the computer should not be  Can do work for; long hours architectural drawings
switch on and shut down from now and then  Help cut the cost of production to the
employers
 13. Explain the following types of pointing devices  Cordless mouse- this is a wireless mouse with a
 Mouse- it is used on a flat surface and is used to rechargeable battery that uses radio or infrared
control cursor movement on the screen and can waves instead of being physically connected to
be used for drawing the system unit
 Joystick- This is a hand-held pointing input 15. State 2 advantages of a trackball over a mouse
device that enables one to control the movement  It does not require extra space for moving it
of an object on the screen by operating a small  It does not require a flat surface
gear-like lever. It is mainly used to play games 16. State 2 advantages of a mouse over a keyboard
such as flight simulators.  It is easy to use
(d) Touch screen
 Modern software includes an option to use it (b) Optical Character Reader (OCR)/image scanners
This device recognizes the location of contact on
 It selects a point on the screen more quickly This is the most sophisticated type of scanner
the screen through a built-in grid of sensing lines
than the keyboard which operates like the human eye. It not only
and sensors. When the user touches the screen,
17. Outline 4 advantages of a light pen as an input scans characters but also can scan real objects,
the computer detects the position of the finger
device pictures and drawings
and responds accordingly. It is mostly used in
 It is a faster input device as it involves just The most common type of this scanner is a
public places such as banking halls, hotels and
pointing on the screen and selecting options flatbed scanner as shown below
airports
9. Explain the 2 examples of keying devices  Can be sued to draw images on the screen
 It is light and easily portable
 Keyboard- has an array of keys that enable the
user to enter data and instructions into the  it will result in few errors
computer through typing 18. Distinguish between two main categories of
 Keypad- this is a miniature keyboard mostly scanning devices.
 Trackball- it has a ball fixed on top rolled using
 ·Optical Scanners: Use the technology of light (c) Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
used on small portable computers such as the index finger and as the ball rotate it moves
to capture data from its source into machine They are used to detect marks made on a piece
calculator, palm notes and mobile phones. It the pointer on the screen, one can then click its
under stable form. Examples include: Optical of paper using a pencil or a soft pencil. They
has Few characters compared to the keypad button to execute the selected command
Mark Reader (OMR), Optical Bar Reader scan marks using special type of light called
10. Highlight 3 differences between a keyboard and a
(OBR) and Optical Character Reader (OCR). infrared light. Where there is no mark stronger
keypad.
 Magnetic Scanners: Use the technology of light is reflected than where one is
 ·A keyboard has many keys while a keypad
has very few keys. magnetism to capture data from its source into
 ·A Keyboard connects to the computer while a machine under stable form. Examples include:
keypad is mostly fixed to the computer or Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR)and
device. Magnetic Strip Reader (MSR).
 · Keyboard are big in size while a keypad is
small.
 · A keyboard is expensive while a keypad is 19. Give 4 examples of scanning devices
cheaper. barcode readers, OMR, OCR, MSR, MICR, Kimball (d) Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR)
11. Explain 4 types of keyboards  Light pen- it looks like an ordinary pen but has tag readers It is an input device that uses the technology of
 Standard keyboard- it is the common type of a light sensitive detector. It does not emit light
20. Differentiate between optical scanners and magnetism to read certain character on the
keyboard which resembles the traditional but reacts with the light emitted by the display
magnetic scanners bank cheques written in ink into computer
typewriter by use of a photosensitive detector at its base. It
Optical scanners are used to capture data from understandable form. The MICR has several
 Flexible keyboard- is a more portable keyboard can be used to draw, make selections and place
an object using light technology where a special advantages that include the cheque contents
than can be folded and packed in a bag images
type of concentrated beam of light is passed over can still be read even if it can be folded or dirty,
 Braille keyboard- it is designed for sed by the accurate and faster form of input.
blind. It consists of keys identified by raised an object, image or text which needs to be entered
into the computer while magnetic scanners are . It was developed to help bankers process
dots cheques. MICR reads magnetic characters
 Cordless keyboard- this is a wireless keyboard input devices used to capture data from an object
using magnetic technology and the data being written using a special format. An example is a
that connects to the computer through infrared cheques reader
read can either be in characters written using
waves
magnetic ink or a continuous magnetic strip
 Ergonomic keyboard- is specially designed to
21. Describe the following types of scanners
provide comfort and alleviate wrist strain
14. State and explain the 4 types of mice (a) Optical Barcode Reader (OBR)
 Multimedia keyboard- is a type that has
 Standard mouse- it has a ball underneath which They are used to read barcodes which are lines
additional keys used to control multimedia such
is rolled on a flat surface to control the cursor of varying thickness and length that holds the
as videos and audio
 Optical mouse- it uses light technology. It has a information of a particular item. The
12. Give 4 examples of pointing devices
camera underneath which controls the cursor interpretation is based on width of the bars
Mouse, trackball, light pen, joystick
when moved on a flat surface rather than their location (e) Magnetic Stripe Reader (MSR)
 This is an input device that reads information  Technical know-how is required 35. What is meant by E13B in relation to MICR  optical barcode reader (OBR)
coded on a thin magnetic tape found on plastic  Expensive due to special equipment’s needed It refers to the human readable font consisting of  magnetic stripe reader (MSR)
cards such as ATM cards, credit cards or any (c) OCR 14 characters used on MICR i.e. o-9 and 4 44. explain the acronym POS terminal
smart card. Refer to OMR characters point of sale terminal refers to a type of input
22. What are barcodes (d) MICR 36. State 3 pieces of information contained in a MSR device that consists of a numeric keypad and few
are lines of varying thickness and length that  Characters may be affected by strong heat and card control or function keys used in computerized
holds the information of a particular item magnetic fields Account holders name, account number, PIN wholesale or retail organizations like
23. Name 4 contents contained in a barcode  Characters may be affected when scratched 37. What is MODEM supermarket
 Country of manufacture  System uses 14 characters thus limited data can It refers to a data communication device that 45. What is a digital camera?
 Name of the manufacturer be stored in it converts the data from the sender from digital
signals to analog signals and back to digital ·This is an input device that capture digital images
 Item code (e) MSR
signal at the receiving end (both still and motion) directly from the source into
 Product name  Fairly expensive to produce
38. What is a speech recognition device? computer understandable form.
 Date of expiry  When exposed to heat and magnetic fields the
24. Name the type of scanner used to read barcodes information may be destroyed ·This is an input device that captures sound input or 46. What is a webcam?
Wand/laser scanner 29. State the applications of the following types of spoken words from the surrounding and converts It refers to a type of camera that allow people to take
25. State 3 components of a cheque scanners them into computer understandable form. motion pictures and the output displayed on a website
Cheque number, bank code, branch code, (a) OMR
39. State 4 application areas of speech recognition enabling people to communicate over the internet
account holders’ details  Marking of multiple-choice questions
26. State 3 uses of an OMR  Analyzing responses from questionnaires  security and access control e.g. room access 47. state 4 advantages of using digital cameras as input
 Marking multiple choice questions  Payroll entry  quality control and automation in factories devices
 Used in analyzing response from  Traffic surveys e.g. ordering robots  Images can be copied from one computer to
questionnaires  Number selection in lottery  automated material handling e.g. in airports another
 Selecting numbers in lottery tickets (b) OBR to direct luggage  Allows collective or selective printing
27. State 3 advantages of the following scanners  On labels and on shelves for stock taking  voice activated toys and games  Images can be viewed before processing
(a) OMR  Printed on shop goods  during translation  Use a reusable memory card unlike the old
 Fast  In libraries  In cases of people who have impaired hands traditional films
 Accurate (c) OCR  Where fast data input is needed 48. state 4 factors to consider when buying an input
 Both machine and human readable  Water billing 40. state 3 advantages of voice input systems device
 Use turnaround documents thus no wastage  Gas billing  fast method  users’ needs
(b) OBR  Electricity billing  allows user to multitask  the type of data to be input
 They are fast thus saving time (d) MICR  can be used by people with impaired hands  volume of data to be input
 They are accurate  Banks for scanning cheques  no keyboard is needed  input speed required
 Used in stock control (e) MSR 41. state 4 disadvantages of speech recognition  cost e.g. both the initial and running costs
 Minimize long queues  On credit card  most are programmed in English which is not  accuracy of the data input required
 Minimize fraud  On bank cards popular  availability of space
(c) OCR  As tags on clothes  has limited vocabularies  appropriateness of the device in reference to
Refers to OMR  As a phone card  homophones. Connot differentiate between where it is to be used
(d) MICR 30. Write UPC in full homophones 49. what is an output device
 Fast Universal product code another name for  problems of accent it refers to peripheral devices that the computer
 Accurate barcodes  speed of conversation. The response of this uses to give out information produced after data
 Minimize fraud 31. Name 2 types of barcode readers system is slow processing
 Characters are human and machine readable Handheld barcode reader, desktop barcode  background noise 50. state 2 forms/types of computer output
(e) MSR reader  stammering softcopy; hardcopy
 Simple to produce 32. Give 5 examples of optical scanners 42. name 2 examples of scanning devices used at 51. differentiate between softcopy output device and a
 Not easily damaged OBR, OMR, OCR, Optical image scanners, point-of-sale terminals in supermarkets hard copy output device and in each give 3
 Stores large amount of data biometric systems  barcode reader examples
28. State 3 disadvantages of the following scanners 33. Define a turnaround document  light pen softcopy output devices refers to the output
(a) OBR It refers to a document pre-printed from the  cash register devices which produce temporary intangible
 Not all items are barcoded source and then sent to the recipient who then 43. name any two data capture techniques that make information e.g. monitor, speaker, LED projector
 Requires technical know how to use fills it and returns it to the source use of turnaround documents while hardcopy output devices refers to those
34. With an example Explain the role of an image  optical character recognition (OCR) output devices which produce permanent tangible
 Expensive for small shops
scanner  optical mark recognition (OMR) form of output mainly on papers e.g. printers,
 Only machine readable
It is used to scan well written or typed characters graphic plotters, computer output on microform
(b) OMR  magnetic ink character recognition
and real objects, pictures and drawings e.g. (COM)
 Redesigning from time to time (MICR)
flatbed scanner 52. describe the following types of output devices
(a) Visual display unit (VDU) electrons to the screen which then illuminates it  The screen of flat panels is thinner while that of  No reading necessary
Also called a monitor. It displays information on resulting in the formation of colors CRT is thicker  Useful in situations where you can’t look or
its screen thus helping the user monitor (b) Liquid crystal display (LCD)  CRT consumes more electric power than flat where you are busy
operations carried out by the computer They use liquid crystals for backlighting the panel displays  Fast
(b) Speaker screen. The liquid crystals that reflect light  CRT can view a wide range of colors while flat  People get fond of computer speak
It outputs information to the user inform of falling on them from the environment panels have a limited range 68. State 3 disadvantages of sound output devices
sound which may be inform of music, warning, (c) Light emitting diodes (LED) display 59. State 2 advantages of CRT display over flat panel  Not suitable for noisy situations
video, interactive communication with a They use diodes for backlighting the screen  CRT have adjustable resolution while flat panel  Inappropriate for permanent information
computer etc. (d) Thin film transistor do not  It is softcopy output thus not temporary
(c) LED projectors It provides high quality output than all the  CRT can view a wide range of colors while flat 69. What are light emitting diodes (LEDs)?
It is connected to the computer after which it others. Is a flat panel display that creates images panels have a limited range
projects information from the computer onto a in which each pixel is controlled by one to four 60. What is a video card/graphics adapter ·They are electronic components that emit light when
plane wall transistors. Displays high quality output of a flat It refers to a piece of circuit that connects the electric current is passed through them. They are
(d) Light emitting Diodes (LED) panel screen. monitor to the motherboard and allows the used as indicators for successful operations and
These are type of output device mainly used in (e) Electroluminescent monitor to display images and text warnings
watches, on the keyboard, on the monitor to show They glow when electrically charged giving rise 61. Distinguish between monochrome and color 70. With examples differentiate between impact and
it is on and in traffic lights. they emit light when to an electroluminescent display. It produces monitors non-impact printers
an electric current is passed through it images clearer than LCD
(e) Printers (f) Gas plasma display Monochrome monitor: This is a monitor that displays Impact printers refers to those that print using
These are hardcopy output devices which They use gas mainly neon gas which emits light text and graphics using two colours only usually striking mechanism similar to that of the old
produce output on a paper and may print using when electric current is passed through them black and white while Colour monitor: This is a typewriter e.g. dot-matrix, daisy wheel while non-
striking mechanism or using light, or thermal 56. Define the following terms in relation to monitors monitor that displays text and graphics in many impact printers do not use striking mechanism but
means (a) Resolution different colours emanating from primary colours of instead use light or thermal technology e.g. laser
(f) Graphic plotters It refers to the number of pixels per inch square red, green and blue. printer, inkjet printer, thermal printer
Are hardcopy output devices which resembles a (b) Pixels
62. State and explain 5 types of graphic adapters OR
printer but specializes producing big charts such Picture elements refers to the tiny dots on the
 Monochrome displays adapter (MDA) – it
as maps, pictures and drawings screen which forms images Impact Printers-Are printers whose print-head
displayed text in only two colors usually black
(g) Computer output on microform (c) Dot pitch mechanism come into actual contact with the
and white
This is a form of hardcopy output where a machine It refers to the distance between two pixels stationery. While non-impact printers - Are Printers
 Hercules graphics card (HGC)- it displayed
called microfilm recorder is used. The machine reads (d) Color depth whose print-head mechanisms do not come into
both text and images in one color
the output that is relayed onto a magnetic tape by the It refers to the number of colors a pixel can actual contact with the stationery but instead use
computer. Once read the output is copied onto either display  Enhanced graphics adapter (EGA)- it displayed
text and images in 16 colors technologies such as laser, thermal or spraying
a microfilm or a microfiche. This method is applied (e) Refresh rate mechanism and so on.
mainly in organizations that need to store data over a It refers to the number of times per second that a  Video graphics array (VGA)- it offers 256 colors
long period of time or where backup copies need to screen renews/repaints the image on it by use of  Super video graphic array (SVGA)- offers over
be made RAM where the video images are stored 256 colors
63. State 2 advantages of VDU 71. Giving examples in each describe the character,
53. What are flat panel display monitors (FPD) (f) Display size
 Minimizes paper work line and page printers.
It refers to length of the diagonal of a screen
Flat panel display monitors refer to electronic visual  Display of output is almost instantaneous  Character printers are very slow since they
display
displays that use various technologies that include 64. State 3 disadvantages of VDU print one character at a time. They include
57. Give 3 examples of flat panel monitors available in
gases such as neon, liquids such as liquid crystals or  Can lure one into not keeping the hardcopy dot matrix and daisy wheel printers.
the market today
electric signals on phosphor atoms to display output  ·Line printers have medium speed since they
 Liquid crystal display (LCD)
information.  Screen might not allow viewing of the full data print one line of characters at a time. They
 Electroluminescent (EL)
array include drum and chain printers.
 Gas plasma display (GPD)
65. What are speakers?  ·Page printers are the fastest since they print
 Thin film transistor (TFT)
54. State and explain the 2 types of monitors one whole page of contents at a time. They
58. State 4 difference between CRT monitor and the ·They are soft copy output devices that produce audio
 Monochrome monitors- it displays image and include laser, xerographic, thermal and
flat panel displays output
text in only one color mostly black and white electrostatic printers.
 CRT uses cathode ray tubes while flat panels do 72. State 3 factors used to classify printers
 Color monitor- it displays images and texts in 66. State 4 applications of sound output devices
not
multiple colors  Printing mechanism (impact or non-impact)
 CRT have a protruding back while the flat panels  Learning aids e.g. computer aided learning
55. Explain the technology used in each of the  Printing speed (low speed or high speed)
do not (CAL)
following types of display  Number of characters printed at a time
 Flat panels are light and easily portable while  In lifts to e.g. greet visitors and tell them the floor
(a) Cathode ray tubes (CRT) (character, line or page)
CRT are heavy they are in
Consists of long tubes with an electron gun at 73. Explain the following types of printers
 CRT have adjustable resolution while flat panels  Emergency messages e.g. public address systems
one end and a screen at the end. The gun shoots (a) Impact printers
have set ones  Text to speech translation for the blind
67. State 3 advantages of sound output systems
 They use striking mechanism to print. They Flatbed plotters have a flat surface which the
consists of special light hammers with characters stationery is placed for the pen to move over it in
or pins on the printer head. To print a paper is all directions to produce the graphical output
placed behind the ink ribbon. When the hammer Drum plotter has a drum onto which the
strikes on the head character mark is stamped stationery is paced for the drawing to be possible
(b) Dot matrix There is another type called inkjet plotters
It is an impact printer that provides character
prints in terms of dots. The printing head element
is made up of a set of arranged needles which are (g) Inkjet printer
activated depending on the character to be It forms characters by spraying ink from tiny
formed for printing nozzles through an electric filed that arranges the
(c) Daisy wheel charged ink particles into characters
It has a wheel petals on which characters are (h) Laser printer
mounted. When printing the wheel rotates to It prints by passing an Aser beam back and forth
align the designed character and then it is hit over a rotating drum. The laser beam draws
against a ribbon and character is printed on the image on the rotating drum by static electricity. 83. Differentiate between a microfiche and a
paper behind the ink ribbon The charged areas pick up the ink toner from a microfilm
cartridge and presses it onto the paper In a microfiche the output is on a page of film on
(i) Thermal printer which data are arranges in a grid of patterns
It prints using heat i.e. they bond characters onto while in a microfilm the output is usually on a
78. State the difference between a printer and a plotter
a piece of paper by using hot pins which presses roll of film
Printers produce hardcopy of information on
against a special ribbon 84. State 4 differences between a microfiche and a
papers while plotter produces big charts such as
(j) Electrostatic printer microfilm
maps, pictures and drawings
Uses electrostatic charges to form characters on 85. State 4 advantages of COM
79. State 3 applications of plotters
a special paper  Saves on stationery and space
 Used in geographical drawings
(d) Golf ball printer (k) Photo printers  Faster than printing
 In architectural drawings
The character images are incorporated on the Are specially designed to print photos  Non bulky hence portable
74. State4 difference between impact and non-impact  In engineering drawings
surface of the golf ball like printing head which  Contents on COM are not easily read with naked
printers 80. Describe the computer output on microfilm
is either rotating or pivoted eyes thus guaranteed security
(COM)
impact Non-impact  Have got a longer life span compared to paper
slow Faster ·COM is a hard copy output method or system that is output
Use ink ribbons Use thermal, laser or used to store any information on photographically 86. State 4 disadvantages of COM
electrostatic principles reduced document films called microfiche and  Are expensive
cheaper Costly microfilm.  Causes eye strain
noisy quiet
Multiple copy Multiple copy production 81. Explain how computer output on microform  Additional equipment are needed in order to read
production possible impossible (COM) device works the contents
75. State 4 factors to consider when buying a printer It records the computer output on to a 87. Define what CPU is
 Cost, both initial and running photographic film which can be viewed later Ny This is a core device of a computer system that
(e) Drum printer
 Volume of printing expected reports use of special microfilm readers does all the processing of activities including
It provides a whole line print at a time. The
comparisons, coordination and control of all the
characters are incorporated on circular bands  Nature of the reports to be generated 82. State 4 applications of COM
 Library for book catalogues operations inside of a computer.
that move round the surface of the drum  Speed of the printer
88. Explain three characteristics that brings about the
 Quality of the printout  Local authorities to retain town plans and
difference in types of processors.
 Color printer. The number of colors the printer statistics
 · Clock speed; Is the internal clock speed
can produce  Companies to store personal customers records
timer that determines the rate at which a
processor executes instructions on data.
76. What is plotter?
Clock speeds are expressed in Hertz (Hz).
This is a hard copy output device that is used to print  ·Instruction set; Refers to the inbuilt set of
large and high-quality visual outputs such as maps, instructions that the processor can execute.
large sheets of paper and similar Computer Aided  Bandwidth; The number of bits processed in
(f) Chain printer
Designs. A plotter is typically used to print large- a single instruction.
It’s an impact line printer that incorporates
format graphs or maps such as construction maps, 89. List down three examples of processors.
engraved characters printing slugs at high speed
engineering drawings and big posters.  ·Intel Series such as Pentium, Core I series
past printing positions
(i3, i5, i7 and i9), Core 2 duo, Xeon or pro.
77. Differentiate between the 2 types of plotters
  · AMD (American Micro Devices) such as  Stores results immediately after processing  It is fast 110. Give 4 examples of special purpose memories
Athlon, Opteron or turion. and awaiting output 102. State 3 disadvantages of static RAM (S-RAM) Registers, buffers, cache memories,
 ·Cyrix (d) Registers  It is expensive complementary metal oxide semi-conductor
 ·Motorola  Temporarily hold pieces of data before  It occupies a lot of space (CMOS)
90. What does hertz refer to in computer terms? processing  It holds small amount of information 111. Define a register
 It holds pieces of information after 103. State 2 advantages of dynamic RAM (D- This is a type of a special purpose memory which
·It refers to the speed of a computer in terms of stores pieces of information temporarily before
processing RAM)
number of cycles per second. and after processing
(e) System clock  I t occupies less space
91. State 6 components of the central processing unit  Sends electric signals as its means of  It holds more pieces of information 112. Explain the 4 types of registers
 Arithmetic and logic unit communication, to the control unit  It is cheaper  Accumulator register- holds the result of the
 Control unit enabling the control unit to coordinate 104. State one disadvantage of dynamic RAM (D- last processing step of the ALU
CPU process as well as input and output RAM)  Address register- holds the next piece of data
 Main memory
processes It requires periodic refreshing awaiting to be processed
 Electronic buses
 It determines the speed of a microprocessor 105. State four qualities that differentiate the two  Instruction register-holds the next piece of
 Registers
(the number of pulses per second the clock types of RAM memory. instruction just before interpretation
92. State 4 functions of the CPU
sends determines the processor speed)  Storage register- holds a piece of data that is
 It carries out processing of data S-RAM D-RAM
96. List down three characteristics of random-access on its way to and from the CPU and the Main
 It gives commands to all parts of the computer Fast Slower
memory memory
 It controls the use of main memory in storing
 · It is volatile- That is programs and data are Made of flip flops Made of capacitators  Stack register- it is a part of memory used to
data and instructions
lost once the power is switched off. It does not refresh itself Refreshes itself pointing out the next empty location where
 It facilitates storage of data- it provides RAM
 ·Data and instructions can be read or written automatically data can be stored
and ROM
onto it. expensive cheaper  Program counter: It keeps track of the next
93. What is a micro unit processor (MPU)?
 ·Contents are accessed directly with no 106. State 3 characteristics of ROM memory address of the instruction that is to be
·MPU is the processor or central processing unit of a regard to the order it was stored.  It is non-volatile executed once the execution of the current
microcomputer personal computer.  ·The contents in RAM are dictated by the  Can only be read but cannot be written onto instruction is completed. That is, it holds the
user.  Stores instructions permanently or semi address of the memory location of the next
94. What do you understand by the term dual core instruction when the current instruction is
97. Differentiate between ROM and RAM permanently
computer? executed by the microprocessor.
Read only memory ROM is a type of main 107. State 4 functions of ROM
·This is a computer with a single CPU that has two memory used to Stroe programmed instructions  Stores boot up instructions that the computer  ·Memory address register: This register holds
cores working in parallel and data permanently or semi permanently while uses while booting the memory addresses of data and
random access memory RAM is a type of main  Stores system data and instructions necessary instructions.
95. Explain the functions performed by the following memory which whose content is lost when the 113. Explain the function of the following special
for normal functioning of the computer
parts of the central processing units computer is switched off purpose memories
 Stores control programs used for operation of
(a) Control unit 98. State 3 characteristics of RAM (a) Buffers
the computer and peripheral devices
 Fetches instructions and data from the  It is volatile/temporary- it content disappears This is a type of a special purpose memory found
 Stores translation programs i.e. code converters
main memory when the computer is switched off either in the CPU or in an input or output device
which converts users’ program to computer
 Interpret instructions  It can be read and written in it which provides temporary storage so that the
language
 Issue control functions to the operating  Its content is user defined CPU is free to carry out other activities instead of
108. Explain the 4 types of ROM
system  It uses direct access method waiting for all data to be entered or information
 Masked Read Only Memory (MROM)- once
 Coordinates all the processing activities of 99. State 3 functions of RAM to be output e.g. a printer cannot work at the
the contents have been written by the
the CPU as well as input and output and same speed as the CPU thus the printer buffers
 Stores data awaiting processing manufacturer it cannot be changes
storage operations e.g. determines which temporarily holds the output to be printed hence
 Stores results after processing  Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)-
instruction is to be executed next freeing the CPU to perform other activities
 Holds programs currently running in the this allows the user to alter it only once after
(b) Arithmetic and logic unit (b) Cache memory
computer the content is written on it
 Performs arithmetic calculations such as This is a small high-speed type of SRAM which
 Stores instructions and data undergoing  Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
addition and subtraction allows the CPU to access data and instructions
processing (EPROM)- the contents stored in this memory
 Performs logical functions by comparing even faster than it would have taken it to fetch it
100. Differentiate between static RAM and can be erased by exposing them to ultra violet
values e.g. greater or less than from the relatively slow DRAM
dynamic RAM light and then reprogrammed for another use
 Performs output of logical functions (c) CMOS
Static RAM is a very fast type of RAM that holds  Electrically Erasable Programmable Read
(variable) It is a high-speed memory chip that uses battery
its content as long as there is power supply while Only Memory (EEPROM)- can be erased and
(c) Main memory power to retain information about the computer
dynamic RAM is lower type of RAM that holds its reprogrammed using electricity
 Stores data before processing setting
content for a short while even while even when 109. State the role of special purpose memories in
 Stores instructions awaiting execution 114. State 4 contents of the CMOS
the power is on thus to maintain its content it computers
 Holds programs and instructions currently  Date and time
requires periodic refreshing They enhance the overall performance of data
being processed  Size of RAM
101. State one advantages of static RAM (S-RAM) and instructions moving in and out of the CPU
  Type of disk drive these are pathways where the actual data transfer  They are reusable e.g. stored data can be 143. List down four examples of magnetic disk
 keyboard and monitor type takes place erased and the media reused to store fresh storage devices.
115. Differentiate between cache memory and 121. state 2 factors used to classify processors data and programs  ·Floppy disks (diskettes)
virtual memory. speed; instruction set 130. Give 4 examples of removable storage media  ·Hard disks
122. Distinguish between two categories of Magnetic disks, magnetic tapes, optical disks,  · Zip disk
Cache memory is a small high-speed memory used to processors classified according to the number of flasdisk, memory card  ·Jaz disks
compensate for the difference in speed between the instruction sets they can execute (give an example 131. Give 3 examples of magnetic tapes
faster CPU and the slower Main memory by storing in each
copies of data most frequently needed by the CPU ·Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC): Is a Reel to reel, cartridge tape and Video Cassette
while Virtual memory is a memory set apart from the Recorder (VCR) 144. Explain the following types of storage media
type of processor that uses a smaller number of (a) Magnetic tapes
hard disk to the RAM and virtual memory depending instruction sets e.g. sun microsystems, Motorola. 132. Give 3 examples of magnetic disks This is a ribbon of plastic like material coated
on which ones are currently needed by the processor. While ·Complex Instruction Set Computers Floppy disks, zip disks, jazz disk with a thin layer of iron oxide and resembles a
116. Differentiate between primary memory and (CISC): Is a type of a processor that uses 133. List down the parts of a typical magnetic disk music cassette. Tape is stored in blocks separated
secondary memory. complex and numerous number of instruction storage surface. by inter-block gaps left for stopping purposes.
sets than RISC. e.g. intel Pentium, PDP-II  ·Sectors The tapes are sequentially accessed
Primary memory processor  · Tracks
Property Secondary memory Rom (b) Floppy disk
(RAM) while  ·Blocks Thet are made of a small flexible road disk
123. name the units used to measure processor 134. State 3 differences between magnetic tapes coated with iron oxide. They are used to store
Storage speed and magnetic disks information for later use in the same or
Smaller Bigger hertz
capacity different computer
124. what is a multicore processor Magnetic tapes Magnetic disks
Access speed Faster Slow it refers to a processor with 2 or more cores Consist of thin ribbon Consist of platters
working in parallel e.g. single core, double core, Only one side of the tape Both sides
quad core, pentachora, hexacore, octa core is magnetically coated
Costs Expensive Inexpensive
125. explain the following processor specifications Requires tape drives to Requires disk drives
(a) 24 GHz read and write
Memory status Volatile Non-volatile It means that the processor clock speed is Have inter record gaps Have no spaces between
running at a speed of 24000 000 000 cycles per tracks
Various access methods second Data is read sequentially Data is read sequentially
Access method Direct access
used (b) 800MHz or directly
It means that the processor clock speed is 135. Differentiate between magnetic and optical
running at a speed of 8000000 cycles per second storage media
Flip-flops or
Material used Different technologies 126. What is a backing storage/secondary storage Magnetic storage media are storage devices
capacitors
devices/auxiliary storage devices which uses magnetic technology to read and
These are storage devices that provide alternative record data while optical storage media are
long-term storage of data and information and storage devices which uses light technology to
117. using a well labeled diagram describe the fetch they complement the primary storage read and record data
execute cycle 127. State 2 ways in which secondary storage 136. State 2 factors to consider when buying a
118. define computer buses devices are classified auxiliary storage device
 According to the technology used in writing and Volume of the data to be stored, the cost (c) Zip disk
these are electronic pathways that allow
reading data 137. Differentiate between read and write They resemble floppy disk bit have a high storage
communication between various components of
Read refers to the process of accessing and capacity. They are slightly larger and thicker in
the CPU through electrical signals  Portability (where it is fixed or removable)
reteiving data stored in a computer storage device size and can hold at least 250MB. They use an
119. name the 3 types of computer buses 128. Differentiate between removable storage
while write refers to the process of saving data external portable disk called a zip disk drive.
 control bus media and fixed storage media
onto a computer storage device Data is read or written onto it using a Jaz Disk
 address bus Removable storage media refers to devices not
138. What is a disk drive Drive.
 data bus housed in the system unit and thus can be used in
another computer e.g. flash disk while fixed It refers to a device used to read from or write
120. state the role of the following
storage media refers to storage devices housed in into a secondary storage media
(a) control bus
the system unit e.g. hard disk 139. Give 4 examples of secondary storage media
this is a pathway for all timing and controlling
129. State 3 characteristics of secondary storage Hard disk drive (HDD), CD-ROM drive,
functions by the control unit to other parts of the
media Magnetic tape drive, Floppy disk drive(FDD),
system
 They are non-volatile e.g. data stored I it is DVD- ROM drive, zip drive
(b) address bus
permanent unless erased by the user 140. State 3 advantages of backing storage
this is a pathway used to locate the storage
 Offer large storage space for data 141. State 2 advantages of secondary storage media
position in the memory where the next
142. State 4 functions of secondary storage media
instruction data to be processed is to be found
(c) data bus
(d) Jaz disk  ·It enclosed by a plastic jacket or casing for 158. Write IRG in full  To prevent dust, smoke and moisture from
This is a magnetic disk secondary storage device protection. Inter record gap interfering with the hard disk.
that resembles a floppy disk but has a large  ·Data is read and written onto by a Floppy 159. What is a disk unit  ·To protect the loss of data and programs on
storage capacity of between 1 GB to 2 GB. They Disk Drive (FDD)·It has a hub that engages 160. What is a disk pack? the hard disk through demagnetization.
resemble zip dis but have a higher storage with the drive motor. 172. State five parts of a hard disk drive.
·This is a portable air-tight container or pack of
capacity  ·It has a write-protect notch which enables  ·Sectors
magnetic disks which are connected to the computer
the floppy disk to be switched from write-
for bulky storage of information.  ·Tracks
protected and unwrite-protected mode.  ·Cylinder
 ·It has a shutter that protects the surface ·A disk pack is a layered grouping of hard disk  ·Spindle
when removed from the drive. platters (circular, rigid discs coated with a magnetic  ·Read/write head
149. Why are floppy disks not preferred for data data storage surface) which forms the core 173. State 4 care practices for magnetic storage
storage? component of a hard disk drive. media
 ·They have small memory capacity.  Do not expose them to strong magnetic fields
161. What is disk controller?
 ·Floppy disks are vulnerable and therefore as this would erase the recorded data
easily get damaged. · The disk controller is the circuit which enables the  Keep them away from excessive heat
 ·Physically big but store less data compared CPU to communicate with a hard disk, floppy disk or weakened the magnetic media’s ability to store
to its size. any other kind of disk drive. data
(e) Hard disk
 · Modern computers are developed without  Do not drop them on the ground as this
 is a secondary storage device that is used to ·Is the interface that enables the computer to read
the floppy disk drives. weakens magnetism
store information permanently. and write information to the hard drive.
150. Differentiate between magnetic storage and  Keep them away from dust, moisture and high
 · It is made up of rapidly rotating rigid (hard)
magnetic storage media 162. State any two examples of hard disk humidity
disks called platters coated with magnetic 151. Explain 2 ways in which data can be recorded controllers in a computer system.  Never touch the disk surface
material and are arranged one top of in a magnetic storage media  · Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) 174. Give 3 reasons why punch cards were replaced
another.
 Serially- in this way the data can be accessed by controller. by magnetic storage media
 Each platter consists of tracks and sectors moving the read and write head to the part  ·Serial Advanced Technology Attachment 175. State 3 reasons why optical storage media are
where data is stored in magnetized spots. where the dates is store (SATA) controller. being used today widely
 Each platter has a read/write head arranged  Sequentially- in this way data stored is accessed  ·Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment 176. Give 3 examples of optical storage media
on a moving actuator arm to read and write from sector one and track one and so on. In (PATA) controller. LS-120 super disk, digital versatile disk, compact
data on both surfaces of the platter. order  ·Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) disk, optical card
 ·Data or information is read and written in a 152. Floppy disks are also referred to as soft controller. 177. What is a compact disk?
direct or random manner. diskettes. Explain 163. Differentiate between FDU and EDU
145. State 2 advantages of magnetic tapes This is because they are made of a small flexible ·It is a secondary storage device that uses the
164. State 4 advantages of magnetic disks
 They are portable round disk. The disk is flexible hence called soft principle of light to store digital data and information
 Light and portable
 Cheap 153. Using a well labelled diagram state and as tiny pits etched in the surface.
 Effective for batch application
 Can be erased and reused explain the parts of a floppy disk  cheap 178. State 4 uses of compact disks (CD)
 Holds a lot of data in a compact space 154. State 3 differences between a floppy disk and a 179. Explain the following types of optical storage
165. State 3 disadvantages of magnetic disks
146. State 3 disadvantages of magnetic tapes / Give zip disk media
166. State 4 differences between floppy disk and
three reasons that make the magnetic tapes Floppy disk Zip disk (a) LS (Laser Servo)-120 super disk
hard disk
unpopular. Lower storage Higher storage Is a diskette that resembles floppy disk but
167. State 4 similarities between a magnetic tape
 Very slow in accessing data as data is read capacity capacity (Adv)
and magnetic disk uses optical technology instead of magnetic.
sequentially Smaller and thinner Larger and thicker
168. What are HiFd It has greater storage capacity and greater
 Easily damages by dust, heat and touching Use floppy disk drives Use zip disk drives
169. Mention the two categories of a hard disk. speed access than a floppy disk
 The inter-block gaps is a wastage of storage 155. State one advantage of jazz disk over zip disk
 ·Internal fixed hard disk (b) Digital versatile disk (DVD)
space Jaz disk have a higher storage capacity than zip
 ·External or removable hard disk Resemble compact disk but has a higher
147. List down the types of floppy disks and their disk
170. What is the role of hard disk storage capacity of up to 17GB. They are
estimated capacities. 156. State 3 advantages of floppy disk
suitable for recording motion pictures e.g.
 · 3 and a half inch (31/2" approximately 1.44  Ther are cheap Hard disks are used to store operating systems, video as they offer better sound and picture
MB)  They are small, lightweight and convenient application programs, data files and during quality than CDs
 · 5 and a quarter inch (51/4" approximately  They are exchangeable processing, a portion of it known as virtual memory (c) Compact Disk (CD)
about 1.2 MB) 157. State 3 disadvantages of a floppy disk drive is used as temporary RAM extension. They hold large quantities of data and
 · 8 inch (8" less than 1MB)  They are vulnerable e.g. short life information of up to 700MB. Mostly used to
171. Give three reasons why a hard disk is enclosed
148. List down the main features of a 3 and half  Time consuming if access is needed to store information that require a lot of space
in a metallic casing?
inch floppy disk. many files within a short period of time such as software’s
 · To prevent mechanical damage to the hard
 ·Data is stored in magnetized spots called  Easily damaged (d) Optical card
disk.
tracks and sectors.  Storage area is limited
 It resembles a magnetic ink character reader 191. Give 3 reasons why CD-ROMS are not 198. State 4 disadvantages of optical storage media
card but uses an optical recordable stripe that commonly used  Expensive
store information using optical technology 192. State 2 advantages of CD-ROM  Costly hardware and software is required for
(e) Photo CD  It is smaller, more portable and has a larger reading
Is used to process photographic film or storage capacity compared to diskettes  Breaks easily
negatives to produce and store high quality  It is more secure as it cannot be changes not  Very sensitive to dust, water, heat, scratches
photographs on a CD-R attacked by viruses which may easily damage them
(f) Blu ray disk 193. State 3 disadvantages of CD-ROM 199. What are said state storage media
(g) Optical tape  Not possible to change data written on it It refers to secondary storage media which do not
They resemble magnetic tapes but uses light  Are expensive than diskettes have moveable parts
technology  Can’t erase the data stored in it 200. Give 3 examples of solid-state storage media
180. State 3 differences between LS-120 super disk 194. List down the advantages and disadvantages of Flash disks, memory card, memory disks
and a floppy disk CDs 201. Give characteristics of solid-state storage
LS-120 super disk Floppy disk  ·The advantages are: It is portable, devices.
Uses light tech Uses magnetic affordable, allows direct access to  ·SSDs are less susceptible to physical shock,
Greater storage Lower storage information, good for storage of contents for  ·Much quiet and have lower access time
capacity(adv) capacity
sale such as music, movies, general  ·Have less latency.
Greater speed of Slower speed of
information, and has fairly large storage 202. State examples of Solid-state storage devices 204. Give 3 reasons why hard disks have a
access to information access
(adv) capacity. (SSDs). widespread popularity
181. State 2 reasons why DVD are preferred for  The disadvantages include: not easy to  ·Compact Flash (CF)  They provide permanent storage
recording motion pictures change data (in case of CD-R or CD-RIOM),  ·Smart Media (SM)  They are cheap
 They offer better sound quality require a burning software to record  · Secure Digital (SD)  They have large storage capacity
 Offer better picture quality information to it and the shiny storage  ·Multi Media Card (MMC)  They are fast in terms of data transfer
182. State 3 advantages of DVDs over CDs surface easily get damaged.  ·Memory Stick (MS) 205. What is meant by disk crash
195. Write down the various types of DVDs.  ·PCMCIA Type I and Type II memory cards
 DVDs have a higher storage capacity It refers to permanent destruction of the hard
 ·Digital Versatile disk Read Only Memory in laptops. disk
 DVDs offer better sound quality
(DVD-ROM)  · xD picture card (xD) 206. State 3 likely causes of hard disk crash
 DVDs offer better picture quality
 ·Digital Versatile disk Recordable (DVD-R) 203. Explain the following types of storage media  Smoke which can cause damage to the disk
183. State 3 forms of compact disks
 ·Digital Versatile disk Rewritable (DVD-RW) (a) Flash disk surface by scratching it as the head attempts to
 Compact disk -Read only memory (CD-ROM)
196. List down the advantages and disadvantage of Is a type of flash memory secondary storage read data
 Compact disk- recordable (CD-R)
DVDs device for massive  Dust which can cause damage to the disk
 Compact disk- rewriteable (CD-RW)
184. Explain the following forms of compact disk ·The advantages are: ·It is a storage module made of flash memory surface by scratching it as the head attempts to
(a) CD-ROM chips. read data
When data is recorded on them one can nether  It has a high storage capacity, Flash disks have no mechanical platters or  Switching off the computer unprocedural which
change them nor add anything on it  it is portable, access arms, but on a disk. The disk storage does not allow the read/write head to move off
(b) CD-R  it gives a superior quality of sound and video structure is emulated. the disk surface before switching off. This
They are initially blank, and the user can record output, ·They are called flash disks because data in it can would risk head crashing on rotating disks
data on it. However, once the data has been  suitable for storage of contents that require be erased or read as a block in a flash. hence scratching them
written on it one can only read but no changing it large storage (b) Winchester disk 207. State 3 care practices for the hard disk
(c) CD-RW  capacity for sale such as music, It is also called a hard disk. They are made from Refer to answer above
The user can record, erase and rewrite new  movies, general information and direct metal and are coated with a thin film of magnetic 208. State 4 advantages of the hard disk
information severally access of information. oxide. The hard disk unit is made of shiny, rigid  It is cheap
(d) WORM (Write once read many times) metallic disks or platters that are vertically  It is reliable
The disadvantages include: It is not easy to change arranged on a common access held by a rotating  Does not deteriorate as quickly as floppy disk
These are discs that allow the user to record data
data (in case of DVD-R and DVD ROM), require a spindle. Each disk has two read/write heads that
on them once but read them many times e.g. CD-  Has a high storage capacity
burning software to record information to it and it is read/record data on both sides. The surfaces of
ROM, CD-R  Accessing of data is faster
expensive than a CD. each disk are divided into tracks and sectors like
185. Explain the recording mechanism of 209. State 4 disadvantages of the hard disk
(a) CD-ROM those of a floppy disk. Tracks along a common
197. State 4 advantages of optical storage media  They can suffer head crash resulting to loss of
(b) CD-R axis forms an imaginary cylinder. Therefore, the
 Has a massive storage capacity data
186. State 4 advantages of WORM term cylinder refers to number of tracks on one
 Stores data permanently  They are sensitive to things such as dust which
187. State 2 disadvantages of WORM surface of a platter. As the disks rotate the
 Accessing data is fast can corrupt the data stored
188. State 3 advantages of CD-RW read/write head move in and out over the surface
 Secures i.e. it’s hard to copy  They are inflexible e.g. cannot be changed
189. State 3 disadvantages of CD-RW to record and read data
 High quality pictures and sounds 210. Give 3 reasons why there are many forms of
190. Give 2 advantages of blue ray disks over DVD computer storage devices
 Portable
211. Give 5 differences between primary and ·A bus is special electrical pathway through which interface connection for many different devices such
secondary storage data signals (data, results, signals and addresses) are as printers, keyboards, mouses, external hard disks,
212. State 3 minimal requirements for a multimedia transmitted between devices of a computer system. scanners and up to 127different devices in a daisy
computer For example, from hard disk to the main memory chain.
 Video graphic array (VGA) then to the CPU.
223. Explain the following types of computer
 A sound card
217. What is a power supply unit (PSU) cables
 128MB RAM or higher
(a) Power cable
 CD or DVD drive ·This is a device housed inside the computer’s system
Used to supply power to the mother board and
 FM/TV card unit which receives electric current from the power
other external devices of a computer
213. State and explain briefly the various classes of sources and
(b) Serial cables
secondary storage devices. They are bidirectional and transmit data between
steady direct current (D.C) voltages to be supplied to
 Magnetic tapes: Use the principle of devices and CPU one bit after another. Mainly
the motherboard and other computer components
magnetism to store data data is recorded used to connect mouse 224. State one advantage of parallel cable over
sequentially. On a circular disk surface made 218. Define a port serial cables
up of concentric circles called tracks and It refers to a socket on the system unit into which They transmit data faster over short distance
wedge-shaped partitions called sectors. a cable from an external peripheral device e.g. 225. State the advantages of using USB cables
 ·Optical disks: Use the laser beam or light mouse keyboard is plugged in to facilitate They offer quality data transmission over long
technology to store digital data and transfer of information between the device and distance; they offer quality data transfer;
information as tiny pits etched on the the CPU supports a wide range of peripheral devices
surface. 219. Write down seven different types of ports. 226. What are interface cables
 ·Flash memories: Is a non-volatile secondary  · Serial ports These are cables used to connect any peripheral
storage device made up of semiconductor  · Parallel ports device to the motherboard
material used to store information that can be  · USB ports 227. Write PS/2 in full
(c) Parallel cables Personal system 2
electrically erased and re-programmed.  · Audio ports They are unidirectional and transmit information 228. State the advantages of SCSI port
 ·Optical card: A card that stores information  ·Video Graphic Array (VGA) ports simultaneously using a set of many conductors.
recorded using the laser technology to an It allows one to connect up to 8 peripheral
 · Firewire or IEEE 1394 Mainly used to connect printer and zip drives
optical strip. It resembles MICR card. devices
 · Personal System 2 (PS/2) port
214. List down the characteristics of backing  · Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
storage. 220. Give 4 examples of computer cables
 ·They are non-volatile hence store Power cable, serial cables, parallel cables,
information permanently. universal serial bus (USB) cables, interface
 · They have a fairly high storage capacity. cables, small computer system interface
 ·Most of them are cheaper. 221. Differentiate between serial and parallel ports.
 ·Most of them are small in size and hence  Parallel ports transmit several bits of data at
portable and easier to transfer data from one a go while serial ports transmits one bit at a
computer to another. go.
215. List down ten factors to consider when  Parallel ports also called LPT 1 transmit for (d) Universal serial bus (USB)
choosing backing storage device. short distance while serial ports also called They transmit only 1 bit of information at a time 229. Describe the following types of ports
 ·Cost COM 1,2... transmit for fairly long distance, at a very high speed than parallel. It supports (a) Infra-red
 ·Storage and memory capacity up to 15 M. devices like digital cameras, scanners, mouse etc. Used for wireless communication between the
 ·Purpose (function) or user needs (e) Small computer system interface CPU and the device which is infra-red capable.
 · Portability They transmit data in parallel but are faster than Communication is over short distance and there
parallel cables. Its port allows connection up to 7 should be no obstruction between the devices
 ·Compatibility with existing computer
peripheral devices (b) D-type ports
hardware.  · Parallel ports are mainly used for printers
(f) Personal system 2 interface These ports have the shape of capital letter D.
 Reliability and removable storage drives like zip drives.
Originally most computers used 5-pin DIN to The DB9 is a serial port which cables such as
 ·Speed of access  · Parallel ports are faster while serial ports
connect a keyboard to the system unit but the mouse, modem, serial printer ca be plugged
 Type of file organization to be used to read are slower. DB-25 port can be used for both serial and
smaller 6-pin mini-DIN also known as PS/2
and write data onto it.  · Parallel ports allow for one way parallel devices. When used to connect serials its
interface replaced this technology
 · Availability on the market communication only while serial ports allows labelled COM1 or COM2 and only 10 of its pins
 ·Warranty for two-way communication. are used. For parallel its labelled LPT 1or LPT2
216. Differentiate between drives and buses. 222. Define a USB port and list down its (c) Centronic ports
advantages. These are parallel port that uses metal clips
·A drive is a medium in which data is read and or
written onto the storage devices such as CD. ·It is a universal serial bus which is replacing the mounted into cells in paces of pins
common parallel and serial ports. It is very fast (d) Audio ports
 Used for inputting and outputting sound into and  · Cooling fan  utility software- is a social program that performs  they are less expensive to acquire than
out of sound card  · Drives commonly used services that makes the aspects of the cost of developing in-house software
(e) LAN ports  ·USB cables computing go on more smoothly. Such services  they are readily available for almost any
Used for connecting computer to a local area 233. Define the term computer software include copying, sorting, file handling, disk task
network It refers to a set of computer programs and management. They include Antivirus, file  since they are thoroughly tested before
(f) Modem ports instructions that the computer follows when manager, disk cleaner, disk compression, disk release the chances of errors are rare
Used for plugging an external modem into the processing data defragmenter, backup or restore, undelete,  they can easily be modified into users’
computer 234. With examples state 3 ways in which computer language translators and merge utilities. It is needs
(g) Video ports programs are classified classified as system and application utility 242. state 4 types of utility software
Used for connecting the monitor to the system  According to purpose e.g. system software, software. system level, application utility, program
unit. It can be 9-pin D or 15-pin D application software  networking software- it a type of software mostly translator, setting editor, text editor, sort editor,
 According to the method of acquisition e.g. used to establish a communication between two calculator, time, backup utility, anti-virus utility,
inhouse developed/bespoke, standard or more computers by linking them using diagnostic utility, calendar utility
software/off the shelf communication channels like cables to create a 243. What is freeware?
235. With examples describe the following types of computer network e.g. novel NetWare They
enable exchange of data in a network and offer ·Freeware (Free software) is a software that can be
software and give an examples in each
security of data in the network. They include Net, distributed or downloaded freely from the internet.
(a) System software
it performs a variety of fundamental operations Novell Netware, Microsoft Exchange and 244. Distinguish between proprietor and open-
that avails various computer resources to the user database applications like Oracle. source software.
they include, utility software, network software 237. state 4 functions of the system software
(b) Application software  booting the computer and making sure that all · Proprietor software refers to a software whose
These are software’s designed to help the user the hardware elements are working properly source code is hidden from the user and
accomplish specific tasks e.g. word processor,  performing operations such as retrieving, modifications are only done exclusively by the
database, adobe PageMaker, MS publisher, coral loading, executing and storing application software owner/developer while Open-Source
draw programs software; is freeware whose source code is made
(c) inhouse developed/bespoke  storing and retrieving files available to users and given privileges to modify and
these are programs uniquely designed and  performing a variety of system utility tailor that software to suit their needs.
tailored to serve a particular purpose for a functions 245. Write down nine factors to consider when
specific organization e.g. in banks for managing you forgot the staff of source codes choosing an application software.
their operations using a unique program 238. state and explain the two basic types of utility  ·Compatibility with the operating system.
developed by hired programmers software  ·The nature of work intended for.
(d) standard software/vendor off the shelf software  system level utility software- these helps the user  ·Cost.
these programs are developed by software to work with the operating system and its
230. State 4 precautions to be observed before  · Availability in the market.
engineers, packaged and then made available for functions e.g. it tells the user when he/she enters
setting up a computer  ·Security and reliability.
purchase through a vendor a distributor or the wrong command and gives suggestion how
 Disconnect all devices from the power source to directly from the developer e.g. Microsoft office  · Updates availability.
the errors can be corrected
avoid chances of electric shock and open office  ·System or hardware specifications (RAM
 application utility software- these makes the use
 Do not work on any peripheral device without 236. explain the four types of system software and size, hard disk capacity, processor speed).
of an application program smoother and
the guidance of the teacher give an examples in each  · User friendliness.
efficient. Commonly purchased separately or is
 Never work alone because you might need some  operating system- is a set of complex programs part of an OS  · Portability.
help that work together to control execution of 239. state the disadvantages of inhouse/bespoke  ·Availability of user/technical manuals.
 Discharge any static electricity that might have programs and act as a go between the programs
built up on the hands by touching on earthed applications and the computer hardware  they are not available in shops
metallic object and then wearing an antistatic components e.g. macintosh (MacOS), Linux,  may not address the needs of other users 246. state 4 disadvantages of standard software
wrist member. This is because your body can Microsoft windows, Linux 240. what is an integrated software/suite. Give an over inhouse software
hold up to 200 volts of static electricity which  firmware/stored logic- is a combination of both examples  may not meet special needs
can damage the computer components the hardware and the software recorded it refers to a bundle of two or more closely related  they are not as efficient as user made programs
231. Name 3 tools and materials required when permanently on electronic chips mounted or software packages. E.g. lotus suite, Microsoft  when changes occur, extra costs is usually
setting up a computer plugged into the mother board which holds the office needed from the user
Screw drivers, pliers, mother board, tweezers, operating system, utility programs, language opposite is single purpose software  not all packages are compatible with all
dismantled system unit, interface and power processors/ These are programs that have been 241. state 4 advantages of standard software/off- computer system
cables, anti-static wrist member embedded or burnt permanently onto the ROM the-shelf software over in-house developed  easily pirated
232. Write down four devices that are connected to chipset. They include: BIOS programs, Open programs 247. state 3 criteria for choosing a computer system
the motherboard directly. Firmware (used in Suns Microsystems) and  they can easily be installed and run  identify user requirements
 ·Power cables from the power supply unit RTAS (Run-Time Abstraction Services) used in  evaluate the hardware requirements
 ·Random access memory computers from IBM.
  identify the software requirements  preventive maintenance- e.g. regularity of  ·Burning software such as Nero or A 262. A student was trying to save his computer
248. state 4 hardware considerations to consider service at intervals shampoo or Alcohol or CD Burner XP. notes onto a floppy disk but failed. Suggest
when choosing a computer system 253. state 3 factors that determine the cost of a  · Operating system such as windows XP,7,8 or reasons why he did not succeed.
 processor speed- for faster processing speed the computer Windows Media Centre.  · The student might have not selected the
speed of the processor must be high  its processing capability  ·Multimedia software such as Windows media correct location (drive).
 memory capacity- at least 128MB RAM  whether it is branded or a clone. Branded player,  ·The floppy disk was spoilt.
 Warranty ones are expensive  · VLC or Jukebox.  ·The floppy disk drive was faulty.
 The cost  its size- portable computers are more  · Printer drivers.  The floppy disk drive was loosely or not
 Upgradability and compatibility expensive than their desktop equivalent  ·Web browser such as internet Explorer, connected on the motherboard.
 User’s needs- can’t meet the user needs like for 254. state 3 factors to consider when buying a Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.  ·The computer floppy disk drivers are
the disabled monitor  · DTP software such as Corel Draw, MS- corrupted.
 Monitor- always consider the size resolution and size, resolution, technology Publisher or Adobe PageMaker.  ·The floppy disk was connected wrongly on a
technology involved 255. write POS in full 259. Differentiate between a system board and card. different slot
 Multimedia capability- it should have speakers, Point of Sale  ·The floppy disk drive might have been
256. What are software documentation ·System board is also called motherboard. It is the
CD/DVD drive, sound card and SVGA card disabled from BIOS setup.
It refers to the manuals prepared by the developer main circuit board which on which the main
249. state 4 software considerations to consider  ·The floppy disk drive might have been write-
having details on how to install use and maintain electronic components of a computer such as
when choosing a computer system protected.
the software processor, expansion slots, RAM, ROM, battery or
 authenticity- always consider genuine valid ad  The floppy might be full or having less
257. Give 4 examples of documentations that drives are mounted onto WHILE Card is a small
legitimacy of the developer memory for storage.
should accompany a software board made up of electronic circuitry of a particular
 documentation- manual from the developer that 263. List down six ways of securing data and the
 Users guide device which is connected to the expansion slot found
guide the user on installation, usage and functionality of your computers.
 License on the motherboard. Examples of such cards include
maintenance e.g. user guide  · Prevent them from dust by covering with
 Manual guide network Interface card, sound card, video card or TV
 reliability and security- consider whether the dust covers, wiping, keeping the computer
card and so on.
software offers good security to confidential and  Installation process room clean, dust blowing. The computers.
private information  Quick reference 260. A student was trying to play music on the  ·Prevent them from smoke.
 user friendliness- how easily can the user interact  Warranty computer but no sound came out. Suggest reasons  ·Prevent them from water and moisture.
with the software  Service pack why he did not succeed.  Prevent them from heat and sunshine.
 compatibility and system configuration- consider 258. Mr. Kato wants to start a cybercafé that offers  ·The multimedia software was corrupted or  Keep them away from children and animals.
whether the software can work with the computer the following services: burning programs, movies, missing.  Keep them free from magnetic fields.
hand in hand music and wedding designing cards, adverts; and  ·The speaker was off (not switched on).  Back up your important information
 cost- always consider the cost and whether it printing services at a fee. State hardware and  The speaker was loosely or not connected on  Install up-to-date anti-virus.
serves the purpose software specifications of the computers to be the computer's audio port.  Guard the computers from theft by using
 user’s needs- the purpose of the software used.  The computer was lacking sound drivers or burglars, watch men/dogs, locking rooms.
 portability- consider whether it can be installed in corrupted.  Use passwords and access levels to avoid
Hardware specifications
different computers  ·The speaker was connected wrongly on a misuse or deletion of programs and data.
250. state 3 factors to consider when buying a  High speed processor of at least 2.0 GHz different port. The speaker might be spoilt.  Always use the correct voltages by installing
memory module for your computer (preferably Intel processor).  The music player or sound settings may have uninterrupted power supply unit (UPS) and
 the type of module supported by the computer  Expandable RAM memory at least 4 GB or been muted. voltage regulators.
motherboard more capacity. 261. A student was trying to print his computer  Shut down using the correct procedure.
 does the mother board have an empty slot  ·High speed coloured printer. notes from the computer but no printout came out. 264. What is an anti-virus program?
 is the module compatible with the other modules  A high resolution colour monitor - at least Suggest reasons why he did not succeed.
on the motherboard 17" LCD or better.  · The printer drivers were not installed. ·This is a program designed to detect viruses, report
 the capacity of the module  · Large secondary storage capacity -at least  ·The printer was off (not switched on). them, prevent them from infecting computers and
250 GB.  The printer was loosely or not connected on deleting them.
251. what is a warranty
it refers to an agreement between the buyer and  · Optical disk drive such as DVD RW drive. its port. 265. What is a branded computer?
the seller that spells out the terms and conditions  Head gears.  The printer was connected wrongly on a
of, after selling a product in case of failure or  · Good Joystick. different port. ·This is a computer system that is original in nature
malfunction  ·Multiplayer Gaming.  The printer might be spoilt. because all its components or parts are from the same
252. state 3 factors that a good warranty should  ·The student did not choose the correct hardware manufacturers.
 · NVIDIA Graphics adapter Card.
cover  ·1TB Fusion Drive. printer. 266. Define a multimedia system and state its
 scope of cover e.g. one year  Broadband Internet Connection.  ·No printing papers on the printer. components.
 callout response and liability agreement e.g.  Bluetooth Dongle is needed.  ·Did not choose the appropriate printer on
how long should the supplier take to repair the printer's dialog box. · This is a computer system that allows the use of text,
the fault or replace the product and if he or Software specifications animations, sounds, graphics and video to display
she delays who bears the cost contents.
· A multimedia consists of multimedia software, large resources of a computer system and provides the  Input and output handling- the OS governs When an interrupt is detected, the operating system
capacity RAM, large hard disk capacity, color and interface between the user and the computer. input/output of data and their location, storage will change the order of execution by attending to the
high-resolution LCD monitor, high speed processor, 2. Distinguish between shell and kernel in relation to and retrieval source of interrupt first. After completion, it takes the
CD or DVD drives and high-quality speaker. OS  Communication control and management- the control back to the normal tasks during the
3. Using a well labelled diagram draw a set up operating system is responsible for managing execution. This is possible since every hardware
267. Differentiate between interface cables and
showing the role of the OS in the computer system various communication devices and provides resource has an interrupt request number which
power cables·
environment within which communication helps in communication.
Interface cables are used to transmit data signals, protocol can operate. It also facilitates the
(c) Computer error
addresses and processed results between devices of a communication between a computer and the
computer system WHILE Power cables are used to other When an error is detected, the operating system will
transmit power or electric current to all parts of the  File management- OS manages the logical alert the user by displaying an error message, may
computer system from the power supply unit. organization of information and provides means suggest the cause of the error and the possible ways
through which files can be sorted, retrieved and of correcting the error. The operating system
268. Differentiate between a CD and flash disks.
shared performs checks on the hardware, software and the
 ·Flash disks have large storage capacity than
 Job sequencing- the OS keeps a list of currently activities of the user on the computer.
CDs
running tasks and monitors them
 · Flash disk allows easier and direct writing 12. Give 3 examples of job scheduling functions
 The OS provides an interface through which the
and erasing of its contents at any time during  Controlling the loading of programs
user can communicate with the computer
processing while this is difficult in CDs you  Communicating directly with the user
7. Differentiate between job scheduling and job
must have a burning software to write 4. State 3 reasons why OS was developed/ reasons  Dealing with the user commands to run
sequencing
contents onto the CD-Rs and CD-ROMs. why it is needed in a computer programs
Job scheduling refers to the process by which the
 Flash disks can easily be attacked and  To ensure that the full system software facilities 13. Give 3 examples of interrupt causes
OS arranges and loads programs in order to
infected by computer viruses during are readily available  Power failure
prove a continuous sequence of processing and
read/write operation while for CDs this is  To increase the amount of data that can be  Arithmetic or logic errors
also provide responses to evets while job
difficult. processed at a time  Hardware malfunction
sequencing refers to the process by which the OS
 ·Flash disks cannot be used for storage of  To make complex tasks simple to execute 14. Define the term deadlock
keeps a list of currently running tasks and
software, music or video for sale while CDs  To correct any problem that might occur monitors them It refers to a situation where a particular task
are highly used.  Improve the communication between the user 8. Define an interrupt holds a needed resource and refuses to release it
 Flash disks use USB ports which are cheaper and the computer It refers to a break from the normal sequential for use by another tasks
to acquire compared to CDs that use CD 5. Identify 6 resources managed by the operating processing of instructions in a program 15. Explain how the OS carries out resource control
drive that are expensive to acquire. system 9. What is an interrupt request (IRQ) number? and its importance
 Flash disks are conveniently portable than  Processor The OS gives each resource a unique
CDs.  Main memory It is a special number or code assigned to every identification number called an interrupt
 Flash disks are durable compared to CDs.  Secondary storage device hardware on a computer system by the operating number. Hence when two tasks request to use a
269. Why is a digital versatile disk able to store  Input/output devices system, and it is used by the processor to resource at the same time the one worth a higher
more information than a compact disk? communicate with a particular device. priority is given the resource. Secondly the OS
 Communication devices
 Files 10. Explain the term "deadlock" as used in operating tries as much to avoid dead lock. A situation
This is due to smaller size of the pits and bumps and where a particular task holds a needed resource
high density of the tracks in the DVDs. A large 6. State and explain 4 functions of the operating systems
system and refuses to release it for use by another tasks.
amount of space is wasted in codes, to avoid errors in This is a situation whereby a particular task holds Thus, resource control and allocation is a core
information in the case of CDs.  Resource control- the OS allocates computer
resources such as the CPU time, main memory, onto a needed resource required by other tasks and operating system function because it determines
270. Differentiate between a flash disk and hard secondary storage and I/O devices for use by refuses to release it for use by other tasks. which task uses a particular resource and at what
disk. application programs time
11. Explain how the following situations are solved or
271. Why would you prefer a DVD RW over CD-  Job scheduling- the OS prepares, schedules, 16. Explain the difference between error handling and
prevented by the operating system.
R? controls and monitors tasks submitted for interrupt handling
(a) Deadlock
execution to ensure the most efficient processing Error handling refers to the process by which the
DVD-RW is rewritable Using the function of resource control and OS monitors the status of the computer system
 Memory management- the OS ensures that each
272. Write down ways of taking care of backing allocation, the operating system determines which and performs error checks on both the hardware
program and the data it requires are allocated
storage devices. task uses a particular resource and for how long. and the software. When an error occurs most OS
adequate space in memory
This makes the task not using the resource to release expresses what the error is, and where possible
 Error handling- the OS provides the error
OPERATING SYSTEM it for use by other tasks. Also, when a resource is makes suggestions on how to correct the error
correction routines to ensure smooth operations
being used by a certain task, the other will wait until Interrupt handling refers to when an OS attends
1. Define an OS within the CPU
the resource is free. to a break from the normal sequential processing
Operating system refers to a type of system  Interrupt handling- the OS determines the cause
of instructions in a program. An external request
software that is used to control the execution of of the interrupt and transfer the control to the (b) Interrupt
user applications and manage the hardware causes the processor to stop executing the current
most appropriate program
task and do something else before returning back
 to the program that was interrupted. Each 22. Define multithreading It refers to a named storage location where .bat Batch file File containing
hardware device communicates to the processor It refers to a situation where an OS allows one related files are stored for easy access commands
by a special number called interrupt request CPU to execute several tasks at a time (c) Logical drive .sys System file System file that
number (IRQ) 23. State 4 characteristics of a user-friendly OS It refers to a partition formed from dividing a performs
17. Define IRQ  It should be relatively easy for the user to use large physical disk fundamental
Interrupt request number refers to a special 31. Explain how operating systems are used for operations
 It should be self-contained so that the user does
number that each hardware device communicates securing your files on a computer system. 35. Differentiate between a root directory/folder and a
not have to access the manuals
to the processor  ·It allows the saving and protection of the sub folder
 The user should be made to feel in control of
18. State 4 characteristic of the OS files with passwords A root directory refers to a special folder under
what is going o
 Reliable which all other fodders are stored while sub
 It should be reliable  ·It allows the protection of computers with
folder refers to folder created in another folder
 Protected from malicious attacks  It should behave in a logical manner passwords for log in.
36. State 2 functions of a file
 Efficient 24. State 3 disadvantages of a command driven  ·It allows the establishing of access levels and
Storage of data
 Convenient interface privileges. For example, guest and
Organization of information
19. State 3 factors used to classify operating system  More difficult to learn administrator levels.
37. Differentiate between system files and application
 Number of users that can use it at a time  User must know the command to type  · It allows the protection of folders or
files
 Number of tasks it can execute at a time  Less user friendly directories with passwords
System files contain information that is critical
 Human computer interface (HCI)  Not easy to use  It allows important files to be set for read for the operation of the computer while
20. With examples explain the following types of 25. State 3 advantages of menu driven interface over only i.e. no changes can be made. application files holds application or program
operating systems command line  It allows the files to be set as hidden so that files
(a) Single user operating system  It is easier to use no one can see them displayed.
This OS allows only one user at a time to access  Provides user with options to choose from  ·It allows the disabling of some commands
the computer e.g. Microsoft- disk operating  User does not have to master any command such as formatting of disks.
system (MS-DOS, MS- windows 95/98/2000 26. State 4 features of graphic user interface  · It allows log files to be activated on the
(b) Multiuser operating system  Programs open by displaying windows computer.
This OS allows two or more users to access the  Programs are represented by use of icons  · It offers data recovery mechanisms. For
computer at a time e.g. windows 2000 server, example, undelete, auto recovery, and related
 Use of pull-down menus
novel, Unix, windows NT disk routines.
 Commands are selected using a pointing
(c) Single tasking operating system 32. Show the informational organization tree in
device such as a mouse
This OS allows only one program to be executed windows
WIMP (Windows Icons Menus Pointing device)
at a time e.g. MS-DOS
27. State 2 advantages of graphic user interface
(d) Multi-tasking operating system
 User friendly 38. State 3 features of the windows operating system
This OS allows a single CPU to execute more
than one program at a time e.g. Windows Vista,  Easy to learn and use  It is user friendly
windows XP 28. State 4 factors to consider when choosing an  Supports multiusers and multitask
(e) Command driven interface operating system  It is easy to exchange information between
The user interacts with the computer by typing  Hardware configurations of the computer windows application
commands at the prompt found on a command such as the RAM size  All windows share a common set of
line e.g. MS-DOS, early versions of UNIX, PC-  Cost commands
DOS, OS/2  Portability  Able to handle long file names
(f) Menu driven interface  User friendliness 39. State 4 differences between MS-windows and Disk
This interface allows the user to select commands  Users’ needs 33. State 3 components of a file operating system
options from a list of menu using a keyboard or a  Design of the computer  File name MS-Windows DOS
pointing device such as a mouse e.g. MS-DOS,  Compatibility with the hardware Have icons No icons
 Extension denoted by a period
DOS shell, DOS Editor  Human computer interface (HCI) Uses both mouse and Uses only keyboard
 Attributes denoting the file size, date of
(g) Graphic user interface (GUI)  Availability in the market keyboard
modification etc. User friendly Not user friendly
This operating system allows the user to enter 29. Explain how the windows operating system 34. Name the file type and the description for the
commands by pointing and clicking on icons Uses menus Command based
organizes information following extensions
displayed on the screen e.g. Microsoft windows Fully supports Does not support
It organizes information in terms of files, folders extension File type Description networking networking
95/98/2000/XP/Vista, Linux, novel, macintosh and logical drives .doc Document MS word document multitasking Single tasking
21. List down three ways in which operating systems 30. Define the following terms file Requires high Less memory
can be acquired. (a) File .txt Text Plain text created memory
 ·By buying it in shops. It refers to a collection of related data or using notepad 40. Differentiate between desktop and windows
 · By buying it over the internet. information stored in one location .tif Image Graphic file Desktop refers to the clear screen seen when
 ·By downloading it freely from the internet. (b) Folder/directory .exe Application File that launches a windows starts and has icons to show the
 · Outsourcing. particular app computer is ready for use while windows refer to
 the rectangular frame displayed when a program  Search for resources on the computer It may interfere with the computer’s functionality It refers to the process of preparing a new disk
is opened and has text, images and graphics  Seek help and support. 56. Give one role of login for use by creating empty sectors and tracks on
41. Define a windows desktop and list down the  Run programs. Restricts unauthorized users from accessing the the disk surface
common features of Windows desktop. 48. List down seven functions of windows explorer. computer (b) Disk scanning
Accessing programs 57. Differentiate between hibernation and standby It refers to the process of checking and repairing
· A Windows desktop is the first screen which is a
 · Opening files or documents mode disk related problems
metaphor for system of organization of icons on
 Running programs. Hibernation saves everything and then shuts (c) Disk defragmentation
computer screen display area which is usually loaded
 Create and Manage folders and files. down the computer while standby mode makes It refers to the process of consolidating
automatically when the Window operating system is
 Manage drivers or storage media. the computer consume less power in idle mode (fragments)several pieces of single files scattered
loaded in to the RAM.
but remains available for immediate use sectors for ease of access of files
 Copy, cut and paste files and folders.
Icons which include: My computer, Recycle bin, My 58. State and explain 4 file and folder management (d) Disk compression
 Delete files and folders.
documents, Network places and Internet Explorer. tools in MS-Windows It refers to the process of consolidating files and
 Rename files and folders
 Renaming – refers to changing files or folders folders in a disk in smaller storage areas hence
42. Define the term recycle bin, and state its purpose. 49. State 4 components of the system tray
from their original name to some other new creating more space on the storage device
 Date and time (e) Disk backup
·This is a folder in windows operating systems where names
 Volume control It refers to the process of creating copies of data
deleted items are moved to.  Sorting – refers to organizing files and folders
 Antivirus program in a particular order. E.g. in ascending order and programs on separate storage areas to avoid
· It is used to hold the deleted items awaiting  Calendar  Copying- enables the user to make a duplicate losing data and programs in case the storage
permanent deletion or restoring back to the computer 50. State 3 functions of the task bar of a file or a folder device fails
system.  Holds minimized apps  Moving- enables the user to change the location (f) Disk partitioning
 Indicates the programs that are running of a file or a folder It refers to the process of dividing the physical
43. Explain 3 main features of the desktop
 Provides a shortcut to organize programs  Searching- refers to looking for a certain folder disk into two or more partitions called logical
 Background- it refers to the working space
51. What is a task in windows or file drive
area where icons and running tasks are
It refers to a running program or activity 59. Name 4 parts of an application window 63. What is start up disk
displayed
displayed in windows  Title bar
 Icons- refers to a small picture that represents 52. What is a sidekick menu Is a created disk that has booting instructions, and is
a program installed in a computer or a file  Menu bar used to boot a computer.
It refers to a submenu displayed either in the left
 Task bar- it refers to the long ribbon which  Toolbar
or in the right of the main menu 64. What is meant by scanning for a virus
contains the start button, task manager and  Work area
53. State ad explain 4 start menu options in MS It refers to the process of checking for virus ad
the system tray  Status bar
windows removing them e.g. using Norton antivirus,
44. State 3 main parts of the task bar  Scroll button and arrows
 Programs menu- this is a list of all the MacAfee software to scan
Start button, task manager, system tray 60. Explain 4 parts of an application window
programs installed in the computer 65. Define the term file system
45. What is a task bar?  Title bar- this is a bar that crosses the top of the
 My recent documents- show the last a5 recently It refers to the technology that an OS uses to
accessed documents window and displays the name of the program
A taskbar is a bar displayed on a full edge of a organize data on a storage media
 Control panel- provides tools that allows the  Menu bar- provides a list of commands that can
Graphical User Interface (GUI) desktop that is used 66. State 2 reasons why one may decide to perform
be used to manipulate a task
to launch and monitor running applications. It is also user to make changes to the computer operating disk scanning
 Toolbar- are buttons arranged in a row that are
a holder for icons indicating running programs. environment  In case there is a lost storage location on the
shortcuts to menu commands
 Search- enables the user to find a file incase disk
46. Explain the following parts of the task bar  Work area – this is the area that you can create a
he/she forgets the file location  In case the disk has a damaged surface
(a) Start button  Help and support- provides the user with document
67. Define as virus
Displays the start menu options when clicked
information on how to use the OS and info on  Status bar- displays information about the It refers to a malicious program which intends to
which includes a list of installed programs program that is currently running
fixing related problems make the computer fail or malfunction
(b) Task manager  Scroll button and arrows- allows the user to move
 Run- enables the user to performs functions 68. State and explain any 3 types of malicious
Is a band where the icons of currently running to the left or right up or down of a document
such as installing programs on the hard disk programs
and pinned programs are displayed window
 Turn off- enables the user to shut down the  Virus- is destructive program that attaches
(c) System tray 61. State 4 disk management tools in Microsoft
computer itself to removable storage media causing
Shows the common computer utilities running in windows
54. State 3 functions of the run option in the start damage to the computer system
the background but not shown on the screen  Disk formatting
menu  Worm- it does not attach itself to a removable
47. List down the things that can be done through the  Disk scanner
 Enables the user to install programs on the storage media but self- replicates hence
start button. ·  Disk defragmenter
hard disk clogging the computer storage
 Accessing programs.  Disk compressor
 Opens files from a storage location  Troja horse- acts as a genuine program yet
 Opening files or documents.  Disk backup
 Runs programs from a secondary storage are carriers of viruses and may come inform
 Making different settings of the computer.  Disk partitioner
media of games
Move to the windows explorer. 62. Define the following terms
55. Give a reason why a user should not tamper with 69. What is FAT and state its role
 Shut down the computer. (a) Disk formatting FAT refers to file allocation table used in
the control panel
 Log off an account. partitioning a disk
70. Write NTFS in full A: C: D: F: WORD PROCESSORS
New technology file system 81. Define disk diagnostics 1. Define the following terms
71. Define the term troubleshooting It refers to the process of diagnosing and (a) Word processing
It refers to the process of diagnosing and trying repairing errors on a storge media and files It refers to the art of creating, saving, editing,
to fix hardware or software related problems 82. Name 2 disk diagnostic utilities formatting and printing text and graphics
72. State 3 examples of problems that windows  Check disk document using an electronic word processor
experience that need troubleshooting  System file checker (SFC) (b) Electronic word processor
 Failure to boot 83. State 3 system requirements for installation of It refers to an application software that enables
 Computer hands now and then windows 10 the user to create, edit, format and print text
 Abnormal restarting  Processor 1GHz documents
73. State 3 reasons that may result in the problems  Memory of at least 1GB RAM 2. Give 4 examples of electronic word processors
above  Hard disk with at least 16GB free disk space  Microsoft word
 There was a problem in the installation process  Display graphics card supporting MS Direct  Corel WordPerfect
e.g. missing files X9  Lotus pro word
 Insufficient system memory 84. Differentiate between tiling and cascading  Apple works
 Problem with hard disk boot sector may be due windows  OpenOffice writer
to virus infection Tiling refers to arranging open windows side by 3. state 4 advantages of electronic word processors
 Corrupted window registry system side while cascading refers to arranging open (Over electric typewriters)
 Due to interrupt conflicts windows on top of each other  a document can be stored for future use unlike
74. State 3 things one has to do before trouble 85. Write down the various details recorded by in manual processing where the same document
shooting hardware and software problems windows operating system for any file stored on a may require rewriting if required in future
 Study the trouble shooting guide computer.  typing using a word processor is easier and
 Use the device manager to check the devices more efficient due to automated features such
·File name, File size, Date the file was created, Date
causing problems as word wrap
the file was last modified, Type of file given by file
 Reinstall the OS if the problems persist  mast word processors have superior editing
extension.
75. State 2 reasons for partitioning a disk tools such as thesaurus
 When the user intends to install more than 86. State seven ways in which the Windows desktop  electronic word processors provide inbuilt
one operating system on the same disk can be customized. features for generating headers, footers,
 For the purpose of dis backup on the same  ·By setting background colour. endnotes e.t.c.
disk  · Screen saver.  word processors have superior document
76. Define the term registry in relation to windows  Setting theme. formatting features such as underlining, bold
It refers to a database where windows stores its  Setting colour and resolution. facing
configuration information such as system  Setting date and time.  most word processors have the ability to create
hardware, installed programs and property 87. Distinguish between systems files and application tables and import tables, text and graphics
settings files ( 2 mks)  with electronic word processors it is possible to
77. What is a dialog box print multiple copies of a document
It refers to a window that appears temporarily in System files hold critical system information while 4. state 3 automated features in electronic word
supply of information or in request of application files hold programs data processors that make typing easier and more
information from the user 88. What is a data file? efficient
78. List and explain 5 settings found in a dialog box  word wrap
 Text box- here the user can typer data in A data file is a computer file which stores data to be  autocomplete
 List box- here the user chooses an option from used by a computer application or system  autotext
a menu 89. Differentiate between scandisk and disk clean up. 5. state 3 editing tools in Ms-Word
 Checkbox- has a small square box where the  thesaurus
user can select or unselect ScanDisk refers to a software utility capable of  autocorrect
 Radio button- is a round button that can checking the hard drive or disk drive for any disk  spelling and grammar checker
either be blank or contain a dot depending on errors while disk clean-up is a tool that helps users 6. state 3 formatting tools in Microsoft word
whether it is selected or not remove unnecessary files on the computer that may  underlining
 Pull down menu- a box with a downward be taking up space on the hard drive.
 boldfacing
pointing triangle which when clicked displays 90. Explain the disk management tool backup  italicizing
a list of options to choose from  applying different font colors
79. Define the term folder directive tree 7. state 4 difference between traditional typing
It refers to a horizontal arrangement of folders method using a typewriter and modern method of
ad storage locations from the root downwards FORM 2 WORK typing using an electronic word processor
80. Give 3 examples of root directories Word processor Typewriter
 Correcting mistakes is Correcting mistakes is  work area- this is the area where you can
easier hard enter texts and graphical objects
Producing multiple Producing multiple  status bar- this displays information about the
copies is possible copies is impossible program currently running
Has text formatting Lacks text formatting 12. explain the parts of Microsoft word screen layout
features features
 title bar- this is the top most strip that bears
Document can be Document cannot be
the name of the currently open document
stored for future stored for future
reference reference  menu ribbon- is a strip made up of groups of
Typing is easier and Typing is difficult command buttons displayed after clicking
efficient each of the menu tabs
Graphics can be added Graphics cannot be  navigation pane- this is a pane that usually
to a document added to a document appears on the left of the application window
8. state 4 basic features of a word processor that may contain a serach box and other
 allows the user to create, save, open and context information such as recently recvered
format files word documents
 have spell checker, thesaurus and grammar  gridlines- are horizontal and vertical lines that
checker subdivide the document content area into cells
 provides headers and footers like hose of a math book
 have the ability to create and import tables,  rulers- are both vertical and horizontal
texts and graphics from other programs onscreen rulers used to set tabs and indents
 has inbuilt dictionaries  status bar- is a horizontal strip at the bottom
 enable printing of the application window which displays
9. explain the purpose of a word processor various status information such as current
to create, save, edit, format and print documents page
like letters, reports, thesis, proposals, books and 13. state 3 items that can be displayed in the status bar
essays of Microsoft word
10. state 3 factors to consider when choosing a word  current page
processor  dictionary
 the type of operating system  word count
 its user friendliness  grammar checker
 richness of formatting and editing features  line number
14. differentiate between word wrap and cursor wrap
Additional word wrap refers to the situation where a word is
 Cost; knowledge of the software cost versus automatically moved to the beginning of the next
its benefits will inform decision making. line if it does not fit to the end of the current line
 User-friendliness;Ease of installation and the while cursor wrap refers to the situation where
ease to use and operate the software. the cursor moves automatically to the beginning
the next line upon reaching the end of the
 Documentation; that is, availability of
current line
reference manual,operators manual and
15. explain why it is important to save a document as
technical manual.
you work on it
 Reliability (ability to stand up to user's
to avoid losing a substantial amount of work
mistakes without crashing) and availability in
incase of power failure
the market
16. differentiate between the save as and the save
 System requirements and specifications like
command
compatibility with existing hardware such as
save as command is used when the user is saving
RAM, processor speed or hard disk capacity.
a new document or wants to give it a new name
11. explain the parts of a Microsoft word window
or a new storage location while the save
layout
command is used when the user is saving only
 title bar- this is the top most strip that bears
the changes made to a document
the name of the currently open document
17. define the following terms
 menu bar- provides a drop down list of (a) password
commands that one can use to perform a task it refers to a combination of characters that
 tool bar- contains buttons and boxes that prevents unauthorized users from opening and
allow you to perform tasks more quickly than changing a document
using the menu bar