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Practice Sheet 12th Hacker - CBSE 2025 Maths

Application of Derivative
1. The interval in which the function f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 11. A ladder 13m long is leaning against a vertical
+ 12x –1 is decreasing, is wall. The bottom of the ladder is dragged away
(1) (–1, ) (2) (–2, –1) from the wall along the ground at the rate of
(3) (–, –2) (4) [–1, 1] 2 cm/sec. How fast is the height on the wall
decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 5m away
2. A wire of length 20cm is bent in the form of a from the wall?
sector of a circle. The maximum area that can be
enclosed by the wire is
(1) 20 sq. cm (2) 25 sq. cm 12. Prove that the function f defined by f(x) = x2–x + 1
(3) 10 sq. cm (4) 30 sq. cm is neither increasing nor decreasing in (–1, 1).
Hence, find the intervals in which f(x) is (i)
3. The value of b for which the function f(x) = x + strictly increasing (ii) strictly decreasing.
cos x + b is strictly decreasing over R is
(1) b < 1 (2) No value of b exists 13. Find the intervals in which the function f defined
(3) b  1 (4) b  1 as f(x) = sin x + cos x, 0  x  2 is strictly
increasing or decreasing.
4. The radius of a circle is increasing at the uniform
rate of 3cm/sec. At the instant when the radius of
14. Case study–
the circle is 2cm, its area increases at the rate of
_____cm2/s. Some young entrepreneur started a industry
(1) 12  (2) 10  "young achievers" for casting metal into various
(3) 11  (4) 13  shapes. They put up an advertisement online
starting the same and expecting order to cast
5. The volume of a sphere is increasing at the rate of metal for toys, sculptures, decorative pieces and
3 cubic centimeter per second. Find the rate of more.
increase of its surface area, when the radius is
2cm.

6. Find the interval in which the function f(x)= 2x3–

3x is strictly increasing.

7. The absolute minimum value of f(x) = 2sin x in

 3π 
 0, 2  is______.
 

b A group of friends wanted to make invocative

8. The least value of the function f(x) = ax + toys and hence contacted the "young achievers" to
x
(a > 0, b > 0, x > 0) order them to cast metal into solid half cylinders
with a rectangular base and semicircular ends.
9. Show that the function f(x) = x3 –3x2 + 6x –100 is Based on the above information, answer the
increasing on R. following question (i to v):

10. The total cost c(x) associated with the production (i). The volume (V) of the casted half cylinder will
of x units of an item is given by c(x) = 0.005x3 –
be
0.02x2 + 30x + 5000. Find the marginal cost when
3 units are produced, where by marginal cost we 1 2
(1) πr 2 h (2) πr h
mean the instantaneous rate of change of total 3
cost at any level of output. 1 2
(3) πr h (4) πr 2 ( r + h )
2
(ii). The total surface area (S) of the casted half 1. An open tank with a square base and vertical
cylinder will be sides is to be constructed from a metal sheet so as
(1) rh + 2r2 + rh (2) rh + r2 + 2rh to hold a given quantity of water. Show that the
(3) 2rh + r2 + 2rh (4) rh + r2 + rh
cost of material will be least when depth of the
(iii). The total surface area (S) can be expressed in tank is half of its width. If the cost is to be borne
terms of V and r as by nearby settled lower income families, for
2V ( π + 2 ) 2V whom water will be provided, what kind of value
(1) 2πr + (2) πr +
πr πr is hidden in this question?

(3) πr 2 +
2V ( π + 2 ) (4) 2πr 2 +
2V ( π + 2 )
πr πr 16. Sum of two numbers is 5. If the sum of the cubes
of these numbers is least, then find the sum of the
(iv). For the given half-cylinder of volume (V), the squares of these numbers.
total surface area (S) is minimum, when
(1) ( π + 2 )V = π 2 r 3 (2) ( π + 2 )V = π 2 r 2 17. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum
(3) 2 ( π + 2 )V = π 2 r 3 (4) ( π + 2 ) V = π 2 r volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius
2R
R is . Also find the maximum volume.
(v). The ratio h : 2r for which S to be minimum will 3
be equal to
(1) 2 :  + 2 (2) 2 :  + 1
18. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular
(3)  :  + 1 (4)  :  + 2
sides, open at the top is to be constructed so that
15. Case study– its depth is 2 m and volume is 8m3. If building of
Sooraj's father wants to construct a rectangular tank costs ` 70 per square metre for the base and
garden using a brick wall on one side of the ` 45 per square metre for the sides, what is the
garden and wire fencing for the other three sides
cost of least expensive tank?
as shown in the figure. He has 200 metres of
fencing wire.
19. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of
maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
4r
sphere of radius r is . Also find maximum
3
Based on the above information, answer the volume in terms of volume of the sphere.
following question:
(i) Let 'x' metres denote the length of the side of 20. A window is of the form of a semi-circle with a
the garden perpendicular to the brick wall rectangle on its diameter. The total perimeter of
and 'y' metres denote the length of the side the window is 10m. Find the dimension of the
parallel to the brick wall. Determine the
window to admit maximum light through the
relation representing the total length of
fencing wire and also write A(x), the area of whole opening.
the garden.
(ii) Determine the maximum value of A(x).

■■■

[2]
 ANSWER KEY

1. (2) 11. Refer to solution

2. (2) 12. Refer to solution
3. (2) 13. Refer to solution
4. (1) 14. (i) (3); (ii) (2); (iii) (3); (iv) (1); (v) (4)
5. Refer to solution 15. Refer to solution
6. Refer to solution 16. Refer to solution
7. Refer to solution 17. Refer to solution
8. Refer to solution 18. Refer to solution
9. Refer to solution 19. Refer to solution
10. Refer to solution 20. Refer to solution

[3]
 HINTS & SOLUTIONS
1. (2) 5. Let r, S and V respectively be the radius, surface
We have, f ( x ) = 2 x3 + 9 x 2 + 12 x − 1 area and volume of sphere at any time t .
dV
 f  ( x ) = 6 x 2 + 18 x + 12 Given, = 3 cm3 / sec
dt
For decreasing, f  ( x )  0 We know that, volume of sphere
4
 6 x2 + 18x + 12  0 V = πr 3
3
 x 2 + 3x + 2  0  ( x + 1)( x + 2 )  0  −2  x  −1
dV dr
So, f ( x ) is decreasing, if x ( −2, −1) .  = 4πr 2
dt dt
dr 3
 = cm / sec
2. (2) dt 4πr 2
Let r be the radius, θ be the central angle and I
We know that, surface area of sphere S = 4πr 2
be the length of the circular sector.
dS dr  3  dS 6
Given, 1 + 2r = 20  = 8πr = 8πr    dt = r
dt dt  4πr 2 
20 − 2r
 rθ + 2r = 20 ( l = rθ )  θ =  dS  6
r   = = 3 cm 2 / sec
Let A be the area of the circular sector.  dt r = 2 cm 2
πr 2θ r 2  20 − 2r 
 A= =   = r (10 − r ) dy
2π 2  r  6. Let y = f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 3x  = 6x2 − 3
dx
dA
 = 10 − 2r dy
dr For strictly increasing, 0
For maximum or minimum value of A , we have dx
1
dA d2A  6 x2 − 3  0  x2 
= 0  r = 5 and 2 = −2  0 2
dr dr
So, f ( x ) is strictly increasing in
 Area is maximum at r = 5
 −1   1 
 Maximum area, A = 5 (10 − 5 ) = 25 cm 2 x   −,  , .
 2  2 

3. (2)
We have, f(x) = x + cos x + b 7. Here, f ( x ) = 2sinx
 f'(x) = 1 – sin x  f'(x)  0,  R  f  ( x ) = 2cosx
 No such value of b exists Putting f  ( x ) = 0
 2cosx = 0  cosx = 0
4. (1)
π 3π
Let r be the radius and A be the area of circle.  x= ,
dr 2 2
Given that = 3 cm / sec ..................(i) π 3π
dt  , are the critical points
2 2
We know that, area of circle A = πr 2
π
dA dr At x = , f ( x ) = 2  1 = 2
 = 2πr = 2πr  3 2
dt dt
3π  π π
= 6πr [Using (i)] At x = , f ( x ) = 2sin  π +  = −2sin = −2
2  2 2
 dA 
  = 12π cm 2 / s Hence, absolute minimum value of f ( x ) is –2.
 dt r = 2 cm

[4]
 b dy − x dx
8. We have, f ( x ) = ax +  =
x dt y dt
(
 f  ( x ) = a − b / x2 ) When, x = 5 m, y 2 = (13) 2 − (5) 2 = 169 − 25 = 144
Putting  y = 12m
b b b dx
f ( x) = 0  a − =0a = x= Also, = 2 cm / sec [Given]
x2 x2 a dt
(as x > 0) dy −5 −5
 = 2 = cm / sec
The least value of f ( x ) is dt 12 6

 b  b
f   = a   + ab = ab + ab = 2 ab 12. Here, f ( x ) = x 2 − x + 1; x  ( −1,1)
 a  a
 f  ( x ) = 2x −1
1
9. We have, f ( x ) = x3 − 3x 2 + 6 x − 100 f ( x) = 0  x =
2
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x , we get
 1 1
f  ( x ) = 3x 2 − 6 x + 6 Now f  ( x ) = 2  x −   0 for  x  1
 2 2
( )
= 3 x 2 − 2 x + 1 + 3 = 3( x − 1) 2 + 3  0 1 
 f is strictly increasing in  ,1
2 
(∵ For all values of x, ( x − 1) 2 is always positive)
 1 1
 f ( x)  0 Also f  ( x ) = 2  x −   0 for −1  x 
 2 2
So, f ( x ) is an increasing function on R .  1
 f is strictly decreasing in  −1,  .
 2
10. We have, C ( x ) = 0.005 x3 − 0.02 x 2 + 30 x + 5000 Thus f is neither increasing nor decreasing in
dC ( −1,1) .
 = 0.015 x 2 − 0.04 x + 30
dx
Now, 13. The given function is
 dC  f ( x ) = sinx + cosx,0  x  2π
  = 0.015  32 − 0.04  3 + 30 = 30.015
 dx  x =3  f  ( x ) = cosx − sinx
Now f  ( x ) = 0  cosx − sinx = 0
11. Let foot of the ladder is at a distance x m from
 tanx = 1
the wall and height on the wall is y m .
π 5π
Here, x 2 + y 2 = (13) 2 x= ,
4 4
[Using Pythagoras theorem] π 5x
The points x = and x = divide the interval
Differentiating with respect to t , we get 4 4
0, 2π  into three disjoint intervals,

0, π / 4 ) , ( π / 4, 5π / 4 ) ,  
5π
, 2π 
 4 
 π
Now, f  ( x )  0 in 0, 
 4
 π
 f is strictly increasing in 0,  .
 4
 π 5π 
2x
dx
+ 2y
dy
=0 f  ( x )  0 in  , 
dt dt 4 4 
[5]
  π 5π  15. Given, the length of side of garden perpendicular
 f is strictly decreasing in  ,  and to the brick wall is x m.
4 4 
 5π 
f  ( x )  0 in  , 2π 
 4 
 5π 
 f is strictly increasing in  , 2π  .
 4 
Thus, the function f is strictly increasing in The length of the side parallel to the brick
 π   5π  wall is y m.
0, 4    4 , 2π  (i) 2 x + y = 200
   
We know that area of rectangle is = l × b
14. (i). (3) Volume of cylinder = πr h 2
 A( x) = xy = x(200 − 2 x) = 200 x − 2 x 2 …(i)
 V = Volume of casted half cylinder (ii) Since, A( x) = 200 x − 2 x 2
= (1 / 2 ) πr 2 h Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get
2πr ( r + h ) d
(ii). (2) Total surface area, S = + 2rh A( x) = 200 − 4 x ….(ii)
2 dx
= πr 2 + πrh + 2rh d
For critical point A( x) = 0
(iii). (3) dx
 200 − 4 x = 0  4 x = 200  x = 50
2V ( π + 2 )
Here, S = πr 2 + Again differentiating (ii) w.r.t. x, we get
πr
  d2
1 2 2V A( x) = −4  0 i.e., area A(x) is maximum at x
 V = 2 πr h  πr = rh  dx 2
 
(iv). (1) = 50
2V ( π + 2 )
Hence, maximum area is
S = πr 2 + A(50) = 200(50) − 2(50)2
πr
dS 2V ( π + 2 ) 1 = 10000 − 5000 = 5000 m2
 = 2πr −  2
dr π r
dS 16. Let the two numbers be x and y .
For S to be minimum, =0
dr According to question, we have
2V ( π + 2 ) x + y = 5 y = 5− x ... (i)
 2πr =  π2r 3 = V ( π + 2 )
πr 2
Let p = x3 + y 3
(v). (4) = x3 + (5 − x)3
1
V = πr 2 h ........(i) = x3 + 125 − x3 − 75x + 15x2
2
and S will be minimum, when ( π + 2 )V = π 2 r 3  p = 15 x 2 − 75 x + 125
Differentiating with respect to x , we get
π2r 3
V = ...........(ii) dp
π+2 = 30 x − 75
dx
From (i) and (ii), we get
dp 5
1 π2r 3 For minimum, = 0  30 x − 75 = 0  x =
 πr 2 h =  πr 2 h ( π + 2 ) = 2π 2 r 3 dx 2
2 π+2
h π
 h ( π + 2 ) = 2πr  =
2r π + 2
Thus, required ratio i.e., h : 2r is π : π + 2 .

[6]
 d2p 2R  2 1 4 2  2 R 2 2 4π 3
Now, = 30  0 = π R −  R  = π  R = R
dx 2 3 4 3  3 3 3 3
5 cu. units
So, x3 + y 3 is minimum at x =
2
5 5 18. Let a m and bm be the length and breadth of
From (i), y = 5 − =
2 2 rectangular tank respectively.
2 2
5 5
So, required value = x 2 + y 2 =   +  
2 2
25 25 50 25
= + = =
4 4 4 2

17. Let r and h be the base radius and height of ∴ Volume of tank = 2ab = 8 [Given]
cylinder respectively. 4
2  ab = 4  b = .........(i)
h a
   + r 2 = R2 ........(i)
2 If C is the total cost in rupees, then
Now, V = Volume of the cylinder inscribed in a C = 70 ( ab ) + 45 ( 2a + 2b )  2
 C = 70ab + 90 ( 2a + 2b )
sphere
= πr 2h
4  4
 C = 70 ( a )   + 180  a +  [Using (i)]
a  a
720
 C = 280 + 180a + ..........(ii)
a
Differentiating (ii) w.r.t. ' a ', we get
dC 720 d 2C 720  2
= 180 − 2 and 2 =
da a da a3
For maximum or minimum cost,
 h2  dC 720
 V = πh  R 2 −  [Using (u)] = 0  180 − 2 = 0  a 2 = 4  a = 2
 4  da a

 2 h3  d 2C
V = π R h −  For a = 2,  0  C is least
 4  da 2

Using (i), a = 2 and b = 2
Now differentiating w.r.t. h, we get
Hence, cost of least expensive tank is
dV  3h 2  d 2V  3  C = 280 + 360 + 360 = 1000
= π  R2 −  and = π  0 −  2h 
dh  4  2
 4 
  dh
For maximum or minimum, 19. Let ABC be a cone of maximum volume
dV 3 4 2R inscribed in the sphere.
= 0  R 2 − h2 = 0  h2 = R 2  h =
dh 4 3 3
For this value of h,
d 2V 3 2R
2
= − π = − 3πR  0
dh 2 3
 V is maximum
Also maximum value of V

Let OD = x

[7]
 20. Let ABCD be a rectangle and let the semi-circle
∴ BD = r 2 − x 2
is described on the side AB as its diameter.
and AD = AO + OD
Let AB = 2 x and AD = 2 y . Let P = 10m be the
= r + x = altitude of cone.
Let V be the volume of cone. given perimeter of window.
Therefore, 10 = 2 x + 4 y + πx
1 1
( )
V = π( BD) 2 ( AD ) = π r 2 − x 2 ( r + x )
3 3  4 y = 10 − 2 x − πx ........(i)

( )
dV 1  2 Area of the window,
 = π r − x 2 + ( r + x )( −2 x ) 
dx 3  
π 2 d 2V π
= r − 3x 2 − 2rx  and =  −6 x − 2r 
3  dx 2 3
dV
For maximum or minimum value =0
dx
 r 2 − 3x2 − 2rx = 0
1
 r 2 − 3rx + rx − 3x2 = 0 A = ( 2 x )( 2 y ) + πx 2
2
 ( r − 3x )( r + x ) = 0 1
 A = 4 xy + πx 2
 r = 3x  r + x  0 2
1
x=
r  A = 10 x − 2 x 2 − πx 2 + πx 2
3 2
1
 d 2V  π r   A = 10 x − 2 x 2 − πx 2
Also,  2  =  −6   − 2r  2
 dx 3   3 
  x= r dA
3 On differentiating w.r.t. x, = 10 − 4 x − πx
dx
π −4
=  −2r − 2r  = rπ  0 d2A
3 3 Again differentiating w.r.t. x, = −(4 + π)
r dx 2
 V is maximum, when x =
3 For maxima or minima,
r 4r dA 10
and altitude of cone = AD = r + x = r +
= = 0  10 − 4 x − πx = 0  x =
3 3 dx 4+π
r  d 2A
Also, maximum volume of cone, when x =  2 = − (4 + π)  0
3  dx  x = 10
4 +
1  r2  r π  8 2  4 
= π  r2 −  r +  =  r  r   10 
3  9   3 3  9  3  So, A is maximum at x =  m .
 4+ 
8 4 3 8
=  πr  = (volume of sphere) cube  20 
27  3  27 Now, length of the window is 2 x =   m and
 4+π
units.
 10 
width is 2 y =  m
 4+π

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