Table 1.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Profile in terms of Age

Age Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
23 years old 4 8
24 years old 8 16
25 years old 7 14
26 years old 9 18
27 years old 7 14
28 years old 8 16
29 years old 3 6
30 years old 3 6
31 years old 1 2
Total 50 100

Table 1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents' profiles in terms of

age.

It can be noted that the most frequently occurring age is 26 years old (18%), followed by 24

and 28 years old (both at 16%). This suggests that most individuals in the sample are in their mid-20s.

However, the least represented age is 31 years old, with only 1 person (2%) in this category. The data

suggests that the majority of individuals in this group are in their mid-to-late 20s, with the highest

concentration around 24-28 years old. The distribution appears relatively balanced but slightly skewed

towards the younger side of 26.

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents' Profile in Terms of Sex

Sex Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
Female 6 12
Male 44 88
Total 50 100

Table 2 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of respondent’s profiles in

terms of sex.

As shown in the table, the majority of the respondents are males 44 or 88 percent

followed by females which consist of 6 or 12 percent.

Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Profile in terms of Year
Graduated
Year Graduated Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
2018 10 20
2019 10 20
2020 10 20
2021 10 20
2022 10 20
Total 50 100

Table 2 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of respondent’s profiles in terms of

year graduated from 2018-2022.

It can be noted that each year, 10 graduates complete their studies, making up 20% of the total

graduates. Over the five years, the total number of graduates is 50, with an even distribution across all

years. This suggests a consistent graduation rate without significant increases or decreases during this

period.
Table 4. Weighted Mean on Most Common Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies in terms of Lack of onboard training
experience
Verbal
Lack of onboard training experience Mean
Interpretation
4. I lack the practical experience required 3.34 To a Moderate
for jobs in shipping companies. Extent

Table 4 presents the weighted means of the most common problems encountered by the

respondents in seeking employment in shipping companies in terms of lack of onboard

training experience.

As shown from the data respondents lack partial experience with jobs companies with

a mean of 3.34 with a verbal interpretation of “To a Moderate Exten.” This suggests that

many individuals recognize the importance of practical experience for securing jobs in

shipping companies. The rating implies that while this challenge is not extreme, it is still a

notable concern that may affect employability in the industry.

Table 5. Weighted Mean on Most Common Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies in terms of Insufficient industry connections or
networking
Insufficient industry connections or Verbal
Mean
networking Interpretation
5. I have difficulty networking with 3.58 To a Great Extent
industry professionals.
9. I am unaware of the latest trends 2.46 To a Minimal Extent
in the shipping industry.
10. I do not receive feedback from 1.90 To a Minimal Extent
employers after job applications.
To a Moderate
Over-all Mean 2.65
Extent

Table 5 presents the weighted means of the most common problems encountered by

the respondents in seeking employment in shipping companies in terms of insufficient

industry connections or networking. The overall mean of 2.37 indicates that, on average,

respondents perceive strict requirements as a barrier "To a Minimal Extent."

Among the statements, the highest-rated statement is that employers have difficulty

networking with industry professionals (Mean = 3.58). The lowest-rated concern is that

respondents do not receive feedback from employers after job application complexity of the

application process (Mean = 1.90).

Overall, the findings suggest that while some respondents recognize the need for

additional certifications, they do not generally perceive strict requirements from shipping

companies as a major obstacle to employment.

Table 6. Weighted Mean on Most Common Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies in terms of Strict requirements from shipping
companies
Strict requirements from shipping Verbal
Mean
companies Interpretation
2. I feel that my qualifications do not 2.08 To a Minimal Extent
meet the expectations of
employers.
6. Employers require specific 3.24 To a Moderate Extent
certifications that I do not possess.
8. The application process for 1.80 Not At All
shipping jobs is too complicated.
Over-all Mean 2.37 To a Minimal Extent

Table 6 presents the weighted mean on the most common problems encountered by

the respondents in seeking employment in shipping companies in terms of strict requirements

from shipping companies. The overall mean of 2.37 indicates that, on average, respondents

perceive strict requirements as a barrier "To a Minimal Extent."

Among the specific concerns, the highest-rated statement is that employers require

specific certifications that respondents do not possess (Mean = 3.24), suggesting that some

individuals feel the need for additional qualifications to meet industry standards.

However, respondents generally do not feel that their qualifications fail to meet

employer expectations, as indicated by the low mean of 2.08, which falls under the "To a

Minimal Extent" category.

The lowest-rated concern is the complexity of the application process (Mean = 1.80),

with respondents indicating "Not At All", suggesting that they do not see the application

process as a significant hurdle in securing employment.

Overall, the findings suggest that while some respondents recognize the need for

additional certifications, they do not generally perceive strict requirements from shipping

companies as a major obstacle to employment.

Table 7. Weighted Mean on Most Common Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies in terms of Limited job availability in the
maritime industry
Limited job availability in the Verbal
Mean
maritime industry Interpretation
1. I lack sufficient job opportunities in 3.80 To a Great Extent
the shipping industry.
3. The competition for jobs in the 3.08 To a Moderate Extent
shipping sector is too high.
7. I find it challenging to find job 2.92 To a Moderate Extent
openings that match my skills.
To a Moderate
Over-all Mean 3.27
Extent

Table 7 presents weighted mean on most common problems encountered by the

respondents in seeking employment in shipping companies in terms of limited job availability

in the maritime industry. The overall (Mean =3.2) indicates that, on average, respondents

experience job availability challenges "To a Moderate Extent."

Among the individual statements, the highest-rated concern is the lack of sufficient

job opportunities in the shipping industry (Mean = 3.80), suggesting that many respondents

feel there are not enough available positions. Competition in the shipping sector is also

perceived as a challenge but to a lesser degree, with a mean of 3.08, indicating that

respondents believe job competition is moderately high. The lowest-rated statement, with a

mean of 2.92, reflects difficulties in finding job openings that match their skills. While still a

concern, this suggests that skill alignment with job openings is less of a barrier compared to

the overall availability of positions.

Overall, while job availability is recognized as a challenge, it is not perceived as a

severe limitation, as indicated by the moderate extent rating.

Table 8. Weighted Mean on Respondents’ Rating on the different factors affecting their
employment opportunities in terms of Practical Training Quality
Verbal
Practical Training Quality Mean
Interpretation
11. I believe my academic training To a Very Great
4.46
prepared me well for employment. Extent
12. I feel that I need additional
To a Very Great
training or education to be 4.24
Extent
competitive.
13. My soft skills (e.g.,
To a Very Great
communication, and teamwork) are 4.60
Extent
sufficient for the industry.
14. I have access to resources for
3.52 To a Great Extent
further professional development.
15. I understand the specific
requirements for various positions in To a Very Great
4.68
shipping. Extent

To a Very Great
Over-all Mean 4.30
Extent

Table 8 evaluates the respondents’ weighted mean on respondents’ rating on the

different factors affecting their employment opportunities in terms of practical training

quality. The results show that, overall, respondents rated their practical training quality as beneficial

“To a Very Great Extent,” with an overall mean of 4.30.

Among the statements, the highest-rated factor was understanding the specific requirements

for various positions in shipping (Mean = 4.68), suggesting that respondents feel well-informed about

industry expectations. Similarly, respondents strongly believe that their soft skills, such as

communication and teamwork, are sufficient for the industry (Mean = 4.60).

Additionally, respondents feel that their academic training has prepared them well for

employment (Mean = 4.46), but they also acknowledge the need for added training or education to

remain competitive (Mean = 4.24). The lowest-rate statement, with a mean of 3.52, pertains to access

to resources for further professional development. Although still rated positively, this suggests that

while respondents feel well-prepared, there may be a gap in opportunities for continuous learning and

career advancement.
Table 9. Weighted Mean on Respondents’ Rating on the different factors affecting their
employment opportunities in terms of Support from Career Placement Services
Support from Career Placement Verbal
Services Mean
Interpretation
21. Economic conditions impact my
ability to find employment in 4.18 To a Great Extent
shipping.
22. I find that the reputation of my
4.18 To a Great Extent
college affects my job prospects.
23. The availability of internships
3.92 To a Great Extent
influences my employability.
24. Government policies or
To a Very Great
regulations impact job availability in 4.22
Extent
the shipping sector.
25. Shipping companies in my area
have limited recruitment efforts. 3.94 To a Great Extent

Over-all Mean 4.09 To a Great Extent

Table 9 presents the weighted means of respondents’ ratings on various factors

affecting their employment opportunities, specifically in terms of support from career

placement services.

Most of the statements were rated as “To a Great Extent.” However, statement number

21, which states that “Government policies or regulations impact job availability in the

shipping sector,” received (Mean= 4.22) with a verbal interpretation of “To a Very Great

Extent.” Consequently, the overall (Mean= 4.09) which implies that the several factors has

significant impact on the employment opportunities for the respondents application.

Table 10. Weighted Mean on Respondents’ Rating on the different factors affecting their
employment opportunities in terms of Personal Preparedness and Confidence During
Interviews
Personal Preparedness and Confidence Verbal
During Interviews Mean
Interpretation
16. I experience anxiety when To a Very Great
4.32
applying for jobs. Extent
17. I feel discouraged by repeated job
1.80 Not At All
rejections.
18. My financial situation limits my
ability to pursue job opportunities 3.14 To a Moderate Extent
(e.g., relocation, internships).
19. I am willing to accept lower-level To a Very Great
4.50
positions to gain experience. Extent
20. I have confidence in my ability to To a Very Great
4.82
succeed in the shipping industry. Extent
26. I believe I will find employment
To a Very Great
in the shipping industry within the 5.00
Extent
next year.
27. I am considering alternative To a Very Great
5.00
career paths outside of shipping. Extent
28. I feel optimistic about my future To a Very Great
5.00
career opportunities in shipping. Extent
29. I have a clear career plan for To a Very Great
5.00
entering the shipping industry. Extent
30. I am willing to relocate for job To a Very Great
opportunities in the shipping sector. 5.00
Extent
To a Very Great
Over-all Mean 4.36
Extent

Table 10 reveals the weighted means of respondents’ rating on the several factors

affecting their employment opportunities in terms of personal preparedness and confidence

during interviews.

It is shown in the table that most of the statements revealed “To a Very Great Extent”,

however, statement number 16 states that “I feel discouraged by repeated job rejections” with

a verbal interpretation of “Not at all” with a mean of 1.80. Thus, the over mean of the table is

4.36 with the verbal interpretation of “To a Very Great Extent , ” showing a highly positive
outlook and strong confidence among respondents in their career prospects within the

shipping industry.

Table 11. Independent Sample t-test on the Difference Between the Problems Encountered by the
Respondents when Grouped According to Sex

Strict requirements
Mean SD
from shipping t-value df p-value
Female Male Female Male
companies
1. I lack sufficient job
opportunities in the 4.17 0.753 3.75 1.366 0.728 48 0.470
shipping industry.
2. I feel that my
qualifications do not
3.17 1.329 1.93 1.021 2.684* 48 0.010
meet the expectations
of employers.
3. The competition for
jobs in the shipping 3.67 1.633 3.00 1.364 1.099 48 0.277
sector is too high.
4. I lack practical
experience required
3.50 1.049 3.32 1.596 0.27 48 0.788
for jobs in shipping
companies.
5. I have difficulty
networking with 4.33 0.816 3.48 0.952 2.095* 48 0.041
industry professionals.
6. Employers require
specific certifications 3.33 1.211 3.23 1.097 0.22 48 0.827
that I do not possess.
7. I find it challenging to
find job openings that 2.83 1.169 2.93 0.728 -0.288 48 0.775
match my skills.
8. The application
process for shipping
2.33 0.516 1.73 0.788 1.821 48 0.075
jobs is too
complicated.
9. I am unaware of the
latest trends in the 3.17 1.169 2.36 1.014 1.79 48 0.080
shipping industry.
10. I do not receive
feedback from
1.33 0.816 1.98 1.110 -1.366 48 0.178
employers after job
applications.
*Significant at P<0.05 level (2-tailed)

Table 11 presents an Independent Sample t-test comparing the problems encountered

by respondents in the shipping industry based on sex (male vs. female). The test assesses

whether there are statistically significant differences in their perceptions of these problems.
 Statement number 2 “I feel that my qualifications do not meet the expectations of

employers.” shows that Females (Mean = 3.17, SD = 1.329) scored higher than males (Mean

= 1.93, SD = 1.021), with t = 2.684, p = 0.010, indicating significant difference. This implies

that females feel more underqualified.

Statement number 5 “I have difficulty networking with industry professionals.” shows that

Females (Mean = 4.33, SD = 0.816) reported more difficulty than males (Mean = 3.48, SD =

0.952) with t = 2.095, p = 0.041 indicating significant difference in difficulty networking

with industry professionals

Generally, Females perceive greater challenges in meeting employer qualifications and

networking compared to males. Other job-related difficulties are experienced similarly by
both genders.

Table 12. One-way ANOVA on the Difference Between the Problems Encountered by the
Respondents in Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies when Grouped According to
Age
Strict requirements from Sum of Mean
df F Sig.
shipping companies Squares Square
1. I lack sufficient job Between 17.867 8 2.233 1.385 0.232
opportunities in the shipping Groups
industry. Within 66.133 41 1.613
Groups
Total 84.000 49
2. I feel that my qualifications Between 10.339 8 1.292 1.032 0.428
do not meet the expectations Groups
of employers. Within 51.341 41 1.252
Groups
Total 61.680 49
3. The competition for jobs in Between 9.656 8 1.207 0.575 0.792
the shipping sector is too Groups
high. Within 86.024 41 2.098
Groups
Total 95.680 49
4. I lack practical experience Between 24.641 8 3.080 1.394 0.228
required for jobs in shipping Groups
companies. Within 90.579 41 2.209
Groups
Total 115.220 49
5. I have difficulty networking Between 7.013 8 0.877 0.918 0.512
with industry professionals. Groups
Within 39.167 41 0.955
Groups
 Total 46.180 49
6. Employers require specific Between 9.560 8 1.195 0.989 0.459
certifications that I do not Groups
possess. Within 49.560 41 1.209
Groups
Total 59.120 49
7. I find it challenging to find Between 5.386 8 0.673 1.136 0.360
job openings that match my Groups
skills. Within 24.294 41 0.593
Groups
Total 29.680 49
8. The application process for Between 3.075 8 0.384 0.585 0.784
shipping jobs is too Groups
complicated. Within 26.925 41 0.657
Groups
Total 30.000 49
9. I am unaware of the latest Between 5.353 8 0.669 0.559 0.805
trends in the shipping Groups
industry. Within 49.067 41 1.197
Groups
Total 54.420 49
10. I do not receive feedback Between 11.665 8 1.458 1.276 0.282
from employers after job Groups
applications. Within 46.835 41 1.142
Groups
Total 58.500 49
*Significant at P<0.05 level (2-tailed)

Table 12 presents the results of a One-way ANOVA examining whether perceived

employment problems in the shipping industry differ significantly across different age

groups.

For all 10 employment-related problems, the p-values (Sig.) are greater than 0.05,

indicating no statistically significant differences based on age.

This means that job-seeking challenges in the shipping industry are perceived

similarly across different age groups.

Table 13. One-way ANOVA on the Difference Between the Problems Encountered by the
Respondents in Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies when Grouped According to
Year Graduated
Strict requirements from Sum of Mean
df F Sig.
shipping companies Squares Square
1. I lack sufficient job Between 7.000 4 1.750 1.023 0.406
opportunities in the shipping Groups
industry. Within 77.000 45 1.711
Groups
Total 84.000 49
2. I feel that my qualifications Between 7.480 4 1.870 1.553 0.203
do not meet the expectations Groups
of employers. Within 54.200 45 1.204
Groups
Total 61.680 49
3. The competition for jobs in Between 6.280 4 1.570 0.790 0.538
the shipping sector is too Groups
high. Within 89.400 45 1.987
Groups
Total 95.680 49
4. I lack practical experience Between 29.520 4 7.380 3.875* 0.009
required for jobs in shipping Groups
companies. Within 85.700 45 1.904
Groups
Total 115.220 49
5. I have difficulty networking Between 5.480 4 1.370 1.515 0.214
with industry professionals. Groups
Within 40.700 45 0.904
Groups
 Total 46.180 49
6. Employers require specific Between 6.920 4 1.730 1.491 0.221
certifications that I do not Groups
possess. Within 52.200 45 1.160
Groups
Total 59.120 49
7. I find it challenging to find Between 2.280 4 0.570 0.936 0.452
job openings that match my Groups
skills. Within 27.400 45 0.609
Groups
Total 29.680 49
8. The application process for Between 0.600 4 0.150 0.230 0.920
shipping jobs is too Groups
complicated. Within 29.400 45 0.653
Groups
Total 30.000 49
9. I am unaware of the latest Between 2.120 4 0.530 0.456 0.767
trends in the shipping Groups
industry. Within 52.300 45 1.162
Groups
Total 54.420 49
10. I do not receive feedback Between 7.600 4 1.900 1.680 0.171
from employers after job Groups
applications. Within 50.900 45 1.131
Groups
Total 58.500 49
*Significant at P<0.05 level (2-tailed)

Table 14. Post Hoc - Tukey HSD Test Examines which specific Graduation Years Differ
Significantly in their Perception of Lacking Practical Experience

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparison
Tukey HSD
Dependent Variable Year(1) Year(2) Mean Standard Sig
Difference Error
4. I lack practical 2018 2019 0.900 0.617 0.594
experience required for jobs 2020 0.400 0.617 0.966
in shipping companies. 2021 -0.800 0.617 0.695
2022 -1.200 0.617 0.310
2019 2018 -0.900 0.617 0.594
2020 -0.500 0.617 0.926
2021 -1.700 0.617 0.061
2022 -2.100* 0.617 0.012
2020 2018 -0.400 0.617 0.966
2019 0.500 0.617 0.926
2021 -1.200 0.617 0.310
2022 -1.600 0.617 0.089
2021 2018 0.800 0.617 0.695
2019 1.700 0.617 0.061
 2020 1.200 0.617 0.310
2022 -0.400 0.617 0.966
2022 2018 1.200 0.617 0.310
2019 2.100* 0.617 0.012
2020 1.600 0.617 0.089
2021 0.400 0.617 0.966

Table 13 presents the results of a One-way ANOVA, which examines whether

respondents' perceptions of employment difficulties in the shipping industry vary depending

on the year they graduated.

Statement number 4 "I lack practical experience required for jobs in shipping companies."

It shows F = 3.875, p = 0.009 indicating significant difference. This suggests that

respondents from different graduation years perceive their lack of practical experience

differently.

Table 14 presents Post Hoc - Tukey HSD test examines which specific graduation years

differ significantly in their perception of lacking practical experience.

It can be seen on the test that Graduates from 2019 and 2022 perceive their lack of

practical experience differently with a Mean Difference = -2.100, Sig. = 0.012. This means

graduates from 2022 feel significantly more lacking in practical experience compared to

those from 2019. More recent graduates (2022) may have had fewer hands-on training

opportunities due to the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on internships and industry exposure.

All other pairwise comparisons have p-values above 0.05, meaning their differences are

not statistically significant.

Table 15. Weighted Mean on Most Common Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies as a Guide for Intervention Program
Most Common Problems Encountered Verbal
in Seeking Employment Mean
Interpretation
A. Employment Seeking Challenges
1. I lack sufficient job
3.80 To a Great Extent
opportunities in the shipping
industry.
3.58 To a Great Extent
5. I have difficulty networking with
 industry professionals.

B. Skills and Training

12. I feel that I need additional
To a Very Great
training or education to be 4.24
Extent
competitive.
C. Personal Factors
16. I experience anxiety when To a Very Great
4.32
applying for jobs. Extent
D. External Factors
24. Government policies or
regulations impact job To a Very Great
4.22
availability in the shipping Extent
sector.

Table 15 displays the results of a weighted mean on most common problems

encountered by the respondents in seeking employment in shipping companies as a guide for
intervention program.
The table indicates that most of the statements under "Common Problems

Encountered by Respondents in Seeking Employment in Shipping Companies" were rated as

occurring "To a Very Great Extent." Notably, statement number 16, which states, "I

experience anxiety when applying for a job," received the highest mean score of 4.32. This

suggests that marine applicants experience significant anxiety when seeking employment,

possibly due to fear of rejection.