Forearm

Muscles
Arteries
Nerves
 Attachment of Interosseous membrane:
On Ulna & Radius to > Interosseous Border
‘’Middle Radio-Ulnar Joint’’
 Anterior Lateral Posterior

Anterior Compartment Lateral Compartment Posterior Compartment

Flexor Muscles Flexor & Extensor Extensor Muscles

Median Nerve Posterior Interosseous N.

Radial Nerve
except FCU & Medial 1/2 of (Deep branch of Radial N.)
FDP Which by Ulnar Nerve
Pronation & Supination
Supination & Extension
Pronation & Flexion Flexion & Extension
Muscles: Anterior Compartment
Superficial Muscles:
1. Pronator Teres
2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
3. Palmaris Longus
4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
+ Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Deep Muscles:
1. Flexor Pollicis Longus
4. Flexor Digitorum
Profundus
3. Pronator Quadratus
Anterior Compartment / Superficial Muscles
All Supplied by Median Nerve
Except FCU & Medial 1/2 of FDP by Ulnar N.
All Origin: Common Flexor Origin
(In front of Medical Epicondyle)
All Action: Flexion (Except Pronator Teres)
Carpi Muscles > Flexion of Wrist
FDS > Metacarpophalangeal Joint Flexion
FDP > Flexion of All Joints of Fingers
Pronator Teres > Pronation
Radialis Muscles > Abduction of Wrist
Ulnaris Muscles > Adduction of Wrist
 Pronator Teres
Origin: 2 Heads
Humeral Head: Common Flexor Origin
(Front of Medial Epicondyle)
Ulnar Head: Coronoid Process of Ulna

Insertion:
Middle of Lateral Surface of Radius

Innervation: Median Nerve

Action: Pronation
 Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin: Common Flexor Origin

(Front of Medial Epicondyle)

Insertion:
Base of 2nd & 3rd Metacarpal Bones

Innervation: Median Nerve

Action: Flexion + Abduction of Wrist Joint

 Palmaris Longus

Origin: Common Flexor Origin

(Front of Medial Epicondyle)

Insertion: Palmar Aponeurosis

Innervation: Median Nerve

Action: Flexion of Wrist Joint (Maybe Absent)

 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: 2 Heads
Humeral Head: Common Flexor Origin
(Front of Medial Epicondyle)
Ulnar Head: Posterior Border of Ulna
+ Olecranon Process

Insertion:
Pisiform Bone & Hook of Hamate
+ Base of 5th Metacarpal Bone

Innervation: Ulnar Nerve

Action: Flexion + Adduction of Wrist Joint
 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin: 2 Heads
Humero-Ulnar Head: Common Flexor Origin
(Front of Medial Epicondyle) + CP of Ulna
+ Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Radial Head: Anterior Oblique Line

Insertion: 4 Tendons
Middle Phalanges of Medial 4 Fingers

Innervation: Median Nerve

Action: Flexion of MCP + PIP of Medial 4 Fingers

MCP: Meta-carpo-phalangeal | PIP: Proximal Interphalangeal
 Anterior Compartment / Deep Muscles

All Supplied by Anterior Interosseous N.

Except Medial 1/2 of FDP by Ulnar N.
FPL: Flexion of the Thumb
FDP: Flexion all Joints of Medial 4 Fingers
PQ: Main Pronator of the Forearm

Anterior Interosseous Nerve:

A Branch from Median Nerve
 Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Anterior Surface of Radius

+ Interosseous Membrane

Insertion: Distal Phalanx of Thumb

Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve

(Branch from Median Nerve)

Action: Flexion all the Joints of Thumb

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin: Anterior Surface of Ulna

+ Interosseous Membrane

Insertion: Distal Phalanges of Medial 4 Fingers

Innervation:
Medial 1/2 : Ulnar Nerve
Lateral 1/2 : Anterior Interosseous Nerve

Action: Flexion all Joints of Medial 4 Fingers

 Pronator Quadratus
Origin:
Lower 1/4 of Anterior Surface of Ulna

Insertion:
Lower 1/4 of Anterior Surface of Radius

Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve

(Branch from Median Nerve)

Action: Main Pronator of Forearm

A SAD STORY
A SAD STORY
Lateral Compartment Brachioradialis

Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Insertion: Styloid Process of Radius

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Action: Flexion in of Forearm Midprone position

+ Initiation of Pronation & Supination
Lateral Compartment Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Insertion: Base of 2nd Metacarpal Bone

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Action: Extension & Abduction of Wrist

 Superficial Muscles: Posterior Compartment
1. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
2. Extensor Digitorum
3. Extensor Digiti Minimi
4. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
5. Anconeus Superficial
Muscles

Deep Muscles:
1. Supinator
2. Abductor Pollics Longus
3. Extensor Pollicis Brevis
4. Extensor Pollicis Longus
5. Extensor Indicis
 Superficial ‘Extensor’ Muscles
All Origin: Common Extensor Origin (Front of Lateral Epicondyle)
(Except Anconeus, Brachioradialis & ECRL)

Nerve Supply: Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep branch of Radial Nerve)

(Except: Brachioradialis, ECRL & Anconeus which by Radial Nerve)
Radialis Muscles >> Abduction of the Wrist

Ulnaris Muscles >> Adduction of the Wrist

Digit Muscles >> Related to fingers

Carpi Muscles >> Main Extensors

Anconeus >> Extension of Elbow + Stabilizing

Lateral Epicondyle => Common Extensor Origin

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin: Common Extensor Origin

(Front of Lateral Epicondyle)

Insertion: Base of 3rd Metacarpal bone

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Extension & Abduction of Elbow

 Extensor Digitorum

Origin: Common Extensor Origin

(Front of Lateral Epicondyle)

Insertion: 4 Tendons
Extensor Expansion of Medial 4 Fingers
‘or’ (Middle & Distal Phalanges of = = = ).

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Extension all the Joints of Medial 4 Fingers

 Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin: Common Extensor Origin

(Front of Lateral Epicondyle)

Insertion: Extensor Expansion of Little Finger

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Extension all the Joints of Little Finger

 Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin: Common Extensor Origin

(Front of Lateral Epicondyle)

Insertion: Base of 5th Metacarpal Bone

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Extension + Adduction of Wrist Joint

 Anconeus

Origin: Back of Lateral Epicondyle

Insertion: Lateral Surface of Olecranon of Ulna

Innervation: Radial Nerve (C7,C8,T1)

Action: Extension & Stabilizing of Elbow

 Deep ‘Extensor’ Muscles
All are Supplied by: Posterior Interosseous Nerve
(Deep branch of radial Nerve)

Supinator Muscle > Supination

from Lateral Epicondyle, Superior Radio-Ulnar Joint & Ulna

Abductor Pollicis Longus > Abduction of Thumb

from Posterior Surface of: Radius, Interosseous Membrane & Ulna

Extensor Pollicis Brevis > Extension of MCP Joint of Thumb

from Posterior Surface of: Radius & Interosseous Membrane

Extensor Pollicis Longus > Extension All Joints of Thumb

Extensor Indicis > Extension all Joints of Index Finger
Both from Posterior Surface of Ulna & Interosseous M.
 Supinator Muscle

Origin:
Humeral Head: Lateral Epicondyle
Ulnar Head: Supinator Crest & Fossa of Ulna
+ Annular Lig. of Superior ‘Proximal’ Radio-Ulnar Joint

Insertion: Neck & Shaft of Radius

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Supination
 Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Posterior Surface of:

Radius, Interosseous Membrane & Ulna

Insertion: Base of 1st Metacarpal Bone

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Abduction of the Thumb

 Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Posterior Surface of:

Radius + Interosseous

Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of Thumb

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Extension of MCP Joint of the Thumb

 Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Posterior Surface of:

Ulna + Interosseous Membrane

Insertion: Base of Distal Phalanx of Thumb

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Extension of All Joints of the Thumb

 Extensor Indicis

Origin: Posterior Surface of:

Ulna + Interosseous Membrane

Insertion: Extensor Expansion of Index Finger

Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

(Deep branch of radial nerve)

Action: Extension of All Joints of the Index Finger

 Fingers Have 2 Extensors
Thumb Finger
Extensor Pollicis Brevis & Longus
‫ماسونيه‬

Index Finger
Extensor Digitorum & Indicis

Little Finger
Extensor Digitorum & Digiti Minimi
Tendon of Palmaris Longus
Tendons of FDS
THX