HINT D Passages 2 Vocabulary T.

Omar K
Unit 1 Relationships (* Separable phrasal verb) s.t = something / s.o = someone

Verbs Nouns Adjectives Meaning Example(s)

To make someone behave in the best or worst way that My talkative friend always brings out the worst in me.
Bring out*
they can Supportive friends bring the best out in their friends.
To insult or to say a negative statement about someone Did you have to put me down in front of everybody?
Put down*
in order to make them feel foolish and unimportant True friends never put their friends down.
To feel encouraged and happier; to cause someone to She plays music to cheer her husband up.
Cheer up*
feel this way Cheer up! Things aren't really that bad.
They offered her the job but she turned it down.
Turn down* To refuse an offer, request or invitation I am not going to turn down an invitation to go to New York!
He proposed to Marry, but she turned him down.
To decide that a planned event will not take place The trip to Italy might be called off.
Call off*
To cancel The soccer match was called off due to the bad weather.
To not include someone or something in an activity "Who wants to go swimming?" "Count me out - it's too cold."
Count out*
To count each item in a group one at a time She pulled out her wallet and counted out how much money she had.
To stop or interrupt something suddenly, or to stop We were cut off in the middle of our phone conversation.
Cut off*
someone from speaking Don't cut me off. Please let me finish my point.
It took him ages to get his idea across to students.
Get across* To communicate an idea or message successfully
We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.
To give something to someone, especially after being He handed the phone over to me.
Hand over*
asked or told to do so On his retirement, he handed the business over to his son.
I can't believe she passed up the chance to go to Paris last month.
Pass up* To fail to take advantage of an opportunity
I don't think you should pass up the opportunity to go to university.
To understand the truth about something or someone She saw through his excuse – he was trying to put the blame on someone
See through*
and not allow yourself to be deceived else.
To admit you were wrong to say something I said she was lying, but I take it back.
Take back*
To take something you have bought back to the shop If the shirt doesn't fit, take it back and get a refund.
I felt I couldn't open up to anybody.
Open up To talk freely about your personal thoughts or feelings
Mark finally opened up and told his father about his future plans.
Drift apart If people drift apart, their relationship gradually ends Over the years my college friends and I drifted apart.
A good boss is not so easy to come by.
Come by To manage to get something rare or hard to obtain
It's unclear how he came by his wealth.
I don't have any sugar so you will have to do without.
Do without To manage, work, perform or live without s.t or s.o
The country cannot do without foreign investment.
To experience a difficult or unpleasant situation The business ran into financial difficulties almost immediately.
Run into
To meet someone by chance Last night I ran into one of my high school classmates.
To examine or look at s.t in a careful or detailed way Remember to go over your essay to check for grammar and spelling errors.
Go over
To study or explain something again Let's go over the rules once more before we begin.
We were just hanging around the mall.
Hang around To wait or spend time somewhere, doing nothing
I like to hang around with my friends on the weekend.
Touch on To speak briefly about something The teacher only touched on the grammar point.
Don't worry, I will look after the kids tomorrow.
Look after To take care of someone or be in charge of something
I'm leaving you here to look after the business until I get back.
To criticize, annoy, or punish someone repeatedly and He gets picked on because he's small.
Pick on
unfairly. It's not polite to pick on weak children.
To become fashionable or popular; to understand I-phone has caught on everywhere around the globe.
Catch on
We were teasing Jim, but he was slow to catch on that we were joking.
To advance or improve How's your English coming along?
Come along
To go to a place with someone We are going into town – do you want to come along?
Come over To visit someone's home Mark came over for dinner the other night.
To break into pieces Our furniture is falling apart.
Fall apart
To fail completely and be unable to continue normally The business fell apart because of a lack of money.
To arrive for a gathering or event; to attend He showed up late for the meeting.
Show up
To appear or be seen The virus doesn't show up in blood tests.
Turn out To happen in a particular way She assured him that everything would turn out all right.
We expected a lot from her, and her performance lived up to our
Live up to To achieve what is expected especially high standards
expectations.
To use something completely and soon there will be He just ran out of ideas.
Run out of
none left They ran out of money and had to abandon the project.
Back down To admit you were wrong, or to stop supporting a The manager will not back down from his decision.
from position Both sides have refused to back down.
Catch up To improve and reach the same level as others If you miss a lot of classes, it's difficult to catch up with your classmates.
to/with To reach someone in front of you by going faster She is really fast, and I couldn't catch up to her.
To leave a hotel after paying for your room He checked out of the hotel this morning and went to the airport.
Check out of
To examine s.t or get more information about a place If you need more information, check out our official website.
To hold or continue keeping something Make new friends and hang on to your old ones.
Hang on to
To wait Hang on, I'll be with you in a minute!
Stand up for To defend or support someone or something Good friends never put down their friends and always stand up for them.
He was advised to cut back on sugary sodas.
Cut back on To reduce or stop
Several major hospitals are cutting back on staff at the moment.
To reduce something in amount, size, or number of I've decided to cut down on snacks.
Cut down on
times repeated. Seat belts have cut down on the number of injuries in car accidents.
To come for a visit without having received an Why don't you drop in for a drink one evening?
Drop in on
invitation for a specific time On his way back home he suddenly decided to drop in on an old friend.
To leave a school or university before your course has He dropped out of school when he was 16.
Drop out of
finished Bill dropped out of college after his first year.
Get along with To have a good relationship between people Lila and her roommate are getting along better.
To escape blame or punishment when you do She thought she could get away with cheating on her exams.
Get away with
something wrong; to leave a place The meeting continued, and I couldn't get away until seven.
To change your mind and decide to do what someone Our kids kept begging us to take them to the park, and finally we gave in.
Give in to
else wants My father wanted me to study law and I eventually gave in.
 To stop doing or to stop having something; quit He gave up jogging and smoking after his heart attack.
Give up on
To stop trying to do something If you fail the first time, try again and never give up.
Look back on To think of or remember what has happened in the past George looked back on his career in government with great satisfaction.
Admiration I admire the way she brings up her children.
Admire Admirable To respect and approve of someone or something
Admirer The police did an admirable job in calming down the crowd.
An advantage, improvement, or help that you get from I have benefited greatly from his wisdom and experience.
Benefit Benefit Beneficial
something Walking daily is really beneficial in order to lose weight.
An argument or disagreement between two people The two friends clashed because of their favorite soccer teams.
Clash Clash Clashing
because they have different beliefs or opinions Police have clashed with demonstrators again today.
Real friends empathize with each other in difficult times.
Empathize Empathy Empathetic To be able to understand someone's feelings, problems
Her friend is very empathetic and has great empathy with people.
To experience and bear s.t difficult, painful or We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
Endure Endurance Enduring
unpleasant; to continue to exist or last for a long time He believed in the enduring power of friendship.
Agreement of ideas, feelings or actions; a pleasing He imagined a society where all races lived together in total harmony.
Harmonize Harmony Harmonious
combination of different parts They rarely disagree with each other; their friendship is very harmonious.
To mix with or combine Her excitement at starting the new job was mingled with fear.
Mingle
To be with or among other people and talk with them He seems to be mingling with other guests pretty well.
Count on To rely, depend , bank on someone or something You can always count on Michael in a crisis.
Act or do s.t suddenly without planning or considering She is an impulsive shopper and often buys things she doesn't need.
Impulsive
the possible dangers or problems Rosa was impulsive and sometimes regretted things she had done.
Friends with different personalities complement each other.
Complement Complement Complementary To help make s.t or s.o more complete or effective
The computer and the mind have different but complementary abilities.
Put off To delay, postpone an activity to a later time The meeting has been put off for a week.
Rebuild To build s.t again that has been damaged or destroyed The historic building was completely rebuilt after the earthquake.
Recall To remember or bring a memory into your mind Can you recall the first time you met your best friend?
Reconnect To join together two things again; connect again Visit your hometown and reconnect with your roots.
Redefine To give s.t a new meaning or change one's personality People usually redefine themselves, but they're essentially the same.
Rehash To repeat s.t discussed earlier; to use old ideas again He simply rehashed the same argument over and over.
Rekindle To make s.o have specific feeling, thought; reawaken You can rekindle old friendships by sharing memories.
Resurface To appear again after not being seen or heard With Facebook, many friends resurface after being out of touch for years.
Reunion A gathering of people who have been together before Try to attend a high school or college reunion.
Recapture To catch a prisoner or take control or a place again He was recaptured after two weeks of his escape.
To continue to have and keep in existence Friends should try hard to maintain their friendship.
Maintain Maintenance
To keep something in a good condition Bridges require a lot of maintenance.
To be disloyal to your country, company or someone I would never betray a trust.
Betray Betrayal
who trusts you by doing something harmful People who betray their countries for money should be killed.
 To hate or be angry and upset at someone or something She resented being treated as a child.
Resent Resentment Resentful
She felt resentful at not being promoted.
To talk or write about past experiences that you Grandpa likes to reminisce about his youthful years.
Reminisce Reminiscence Reminiscent
remember with great pleasure A group of former students were reminiscing about their EXCEED days.
To leave behind or run away from s.o or s.t; or to give Air attacks forced the villagers to abandon their homes.
Abandon Abandonment Abandoned
up something The weather was bad, so we abandoned our plans for a picnic.
The school has evolved its own style of teaching.
Evolve Evolution Evolutionary To change or develop gradually
These countries are evolving toward more democratic societies.
Scenario A description of possible events or the story of a movie The worst-case scenario was that he would have to have an operation.
To create a new condition by directed effort He cultivated corn in most of the land.
Cultivate Cultivation Cultivated
To grow a particular crop on a land We are trying to help these kids cultivate an interest in science.
An extremely dangerous or difficult situation or Many people around the world suffered from the financial crisis.
Crisis
problem; Plural crises After his wife abandoned him, he faced serious health crises.
To change completely the appearance or character of Computers have transformed the way work done.
Transform Transformation
something or someone This plan means a complete transformation of our organization.
Something extra added to something else to improve it She got a second job to supplement her income.
Supplement Supplement Supplementary
or complete it Many grammar points require supplementary activities.

Unit 2 Clothes and Appearance

Inspirational To fill someone with confidence and desire to do s.t She inspired her students to do the best they could.
Inspire Inspiration
Inspiring Something that causes or leads to something else A successful TV program inspires many imitations.
Conventionality Conventional Following the usual practices of the past; traditional Many people like to wear conventional clothes on the weekend.
Preventable To stop something from happening or someone from The police tried to prevent him from leaving.
Prevent Prevention
Preventive doing something Prevention is much better than cure.
Compelling To force someone to do something; something that At school, we were compelled to wear uniforms, which I hated.
Compel Compulsion
Compulsory must be done or necessary by law or a rule Education is compulsory for children between the ages 5 and 16.
Chic Fashionable and expensive There's an increasing demand for the more chic, higher-quality clothes.
Trend Trendy Modern in style; stylish and fashionable Young people like to look trendy and stylish.
Stuffy Too formal and old-fashioned; conservative Many guests wore stuffy clothes in the wedding.
Funky = Quirky Informal and unusual style Mark usually wears funky (quirky) clothes.
Sloppy = Loose-fitting, untidy or dirty; messy or lacking care or Ann was dressed in a sloppy brown sweater.
Frumpy attention Many hip-hop artists dress in frumpy clothes.
Elegance Elegant Graceful and attractive in appearance or behavior We met a young businesswoman, elegant in a black suit.
Retro Having the appearance of s.t that existed in the past He has a stylish retro look.
Expensive, stylish or bright to impress others; to shine He wears flashy clothes and drive a flashy car, too.
Flash Flash Flashy
suddenly Stop flashing that light in my eyes.
Practical and useful rather than beautiful or attractive To go jogging, one has to wear functional clothes.
Function Function Functional
To work in the correct or intended way, operate You know I cannot function without coffee in the morning.
 Grunge To dress in a dirty and careless way related to Rock Rock fans like to have a grunge style.
Urban Of or in a city or town; opposite of rural Many villagers leave the farm for the promise of urban life.
Goth Dressing in black dresses and boots Some unusual people like to wear goth clothes.
Bohemian Bohemian Living in a very informal and relaxed way; islanders She belonged to a West Coast group of bohemian writers and intellectuals.
Very neat styles related to students who go to
Preppy Dressed in a preppy style, she wears a pleated skirt and cotton shirt.
expensive private schools in the US
A word, phrase, or sentence that expresses the The motto printed on US currency is "In God We Trust."
Motto
principles or beliefs of a person, group or country "Never Give Up" is my motto in this life.
v. to cause someone to feel admiration or respect She impressed us with her dedication and sincerity.
Impress Impression Impressive
n. an idea or opinion of what s.o or s.t is like In job interviews, first impression is very crucial.
Strike To cause someone to have a feeling or idea about s.t I was immediately struck by the similarities in their appearance.
To be interesting or attractive; to make a serious or Such music managed to appeal to the tastes of both young and old.
Appeal Appeal Appealing
formal request for help Farmers have appealed to the government for help.
Saying things that are the opposite of what you mean to "Good of you to arrive on time." George said, with a heavy sarcasm.
Sarcasm Sarcastic
criticize or make an unkind joke about s.o or s.t He can't help making sarcastic comments.
Proud in an unpleasant way and behave as if you are I have never met a more conceited and arrogant young man.
Arrogance Arrogant
better or more important than other people I was disgusted by his arrogance.
Serious and graceful in manner or style in a way that He was a quiet and dignified person.
Dignity Dignified
deserves respect and admiration Laws of privacy are designed to protect the dignity of individuals.
Eccentricity Eccentric Strange or unusual, sometimes in an amusing way His eccentric behavior lost him his job.
The fact of being not guilty of a crime; a lack of The court found him innocent and he was released.
Innocence Innocent
experience of life or of knowledge of bad things Children are innocent and they believe that everyone is a good person.
Intense Very forceful and has strong emotions and opinions He was young and intense, and silly, too.
Intellect Intellectual The ability to think and understand ideas at a high level He was among the political and intellectual leaders of his time.
Sinister Evil and ominous She has dark, sinister eyes that make you nervous when she looks at you.
Smugness Smug Very pleased and satisfied with yourself Milly was looking very smug about coming the top student in class.
To listen to someone who has a problem and show that I sympathize with his problem, but I don't know how to help.
Sympathize Sympathy Sympathetic
you understand and care It's always good to have a sympathetic friend.
It's too difficult to get trustworthy news these days.
Trustworthiness Trustworthy Deserving of trust, or be able to be trusted
Many people don't see politicians as trustworthy.
To think about s.t you may do in the future; consider Ahmed is contemplating traveling abroad to study medicine.
Contemplate contemplation Contemplative
Spending a lot of time thinking seriously and quietly People who do yoga spend much time in a contemplative mood.
Ominous Suggesting something unpleasant will happen; evil "How long will she be ill?" he asked. There was an ominous silence.
Submission Showing a willingness to be controlled by others In the past, women were expected to be quiet and submissive.
Submit Submissive
Submissiveness Willing to obey s.o and never disagreeing with them Islam means total submission to the will of Allah.
Application To make a formal request, usually written, for She applied for admission in law school.
Apply
Applicant something as a job or a place at a university He applied for a job in an international company.
 Candidate A person who is competing to get a job or elected There are three candidates running for the presidential elections.
You should be able to evaluate your own work.
Evaluate Evaluation To judge how good, useful, or successful something is
Student evaluations of the class will be collected next week.
Contingent Depending on or influenced by something else Buying the new house was contingent on selling the old one.
She hung the laundry on a line in a discreet corner of the yard.
Discreet Careful not to cause embarrassment or attract attention
There was a discreet knock on the door.
The image that a person presents to others Behind her cheerful façade, she's a really lonely person.
Facade
A way of behaving that hides your real feelings She managed to maintain a façade of bravery.
Steady and firmly fixed or not likely to move or change He is said to be in a stable condition in hospital.
Stabilize Stability Stable
Calm and not easy to upset The country needs a stable government that is free of corruption.
Contribution Contributory To help by providing money or support; to help make Tourism contributes substantially to Egypt economy.
Contribute
Contributor Contributing something happen Stress in a major contributing factor in many illnesses.
To encourage or support s.t to become successful A new campaign has been launched to promote safe driving.
Promote Promotion Promotional To move to a higher rank or position She was promoted to a branch manager last year.
To advertise something in order to sell it The new model cars are being heavily promoted on television.
Interpretation To describe and explain the meaning of something Some people attempt to interpret the meaning of dreams.
Interpret interpretative
Interpreter To translate spoken words I had to ask someone to interpret for me because I don't know any Italian.
Demeanor A way of looking and behaving The boss has a calm, reassuring demeanor.

Unit 3 Science and Technology

There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct.
Extinction Extinct No longer existing
Many species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction.
Inmate A person who is being kept in a prison The inmates were living in terrible conditions inside the jail.
Commit Commitment To do something wrong or illegal Women commit fewer crimes than men.
Proposition To suggest a plan or a course of action; to ask She proposed to keep the schools open all summer.
Propose
Proposal someone to marry you She felt sure he was going to propose soon.
Advocate Extremists were openly advocating violence.
Advocate To speak in support of an idea or course of action
Advocacy She is a strong advocate for women's rights.
She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.
Trace Traceable To find someone or something by searching carefully
Police are trying to trace the mother of the abandoned baby.
Consumer To use time, energy, goods etc; to eat or drink Weekend shopping chores consumed much of her time.
Consume
Consumption Someone who buys and uses goods or services American consumers spend a lot of money buying groceries.
Innovation To start to use new ideas, methods, or inventions The company has successfully innovated new products and services.
innovate Innovative
innovator To invent or create something new The fashion industry is always desperate to innovate.
Audacious Showing an unusual willingness to take risks The car maker's audacious goal is to compete with other luxurious cars.
The information will be regarded as strictly confidential.
Confidentiality Confidential Spoken or written in secret and should be kept secret
Doctors are required to keep patients' records completely confidential.
Frivolous Not serious or sensible; behaving in a silly way I'm very frivolous – I just like to have fun.
Hazard Hazardous Dangerous, especially to people's health or safety The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health.
 Problem Problematic Involving problems and difficult to deal with The reforms could turn out to be highly problematic.
Sensible and careful by trying to avoid unnecessary His decision was prudent and timely.
Prudence Prudent
risks and uncertainties Ti might be prudent to get a virus software for the network.
Unethical Morally unacceptable; opposite of ethical Some companies engage in unethical business practices.
Caution Cautious Careful to avoid danger or risks Most doctors are cautious about advising you to have surgery.
The possibility that s.t will develop in a particular way, Companies always look for new ways of attracting potential customers.
Potential Potential
or have a particular effect The company has the potential for growth.
Voice Voice To tell people your opinions or feelings about a subject She angrily voiced her objections.
v. to build something such as a house, bridge, road A new hotel is now under construction.
Construct Construction Constructive
adj. useful and helpful, or to produce good results We welcome any constructive criticism.
v. to damage something in a violent way The school was completely destroyed by fire.
Destroy Destruction Destructive
adj. causing damage to people or things Many employees don't welcome any destructive criticism.
Habitat The natural home of a plant or animal Watching monkeys in their natural habitat is very interesting.
Perfectionist Someone who is not satisfied with anything unless it is Many top athletes are perfectionists who drive themselves to excel.
Perfect Perfect
Perfection completely perfect; having no mistakes or faults He practices English whenever he can hoping to perfect his speaking skill.
Clients Someone who gets services or advice; customer The manager is having a meeting with an important client.
Crash Crash To have an accident in a car, plane etc; collide The plane crashed into a mountain, killing all aboard.
I'm so clumsy – I keep dropping things.
Clumsy Awkward and careless in movement or manner
The clumsy waiter spilled soup all over the customer's shirt.
To search for a person or animal by following the Police have been tracking the four criminals all over South America.
Track
marks they leave behind them on the ground; trace I'm trying to track down one of my old classmates from college.
Purchase Purchase Purchasable To buy something Where did you purchase the car?
To think something is probably true, esp s.t bad She strongly suspected that he was lying to her.
Suspect Suspicion Suspicious
To think someone is probably guilty of a crime She was suspicious that her husband was with another woman.
To frighten or threaten someone into making them do They tried to intimidate the young people into voting for them.
Intimidate Intimidation Intimidated
what you want With too much intimidation, he decided to vote for that candidate.
Reliable Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children.
Rely Reliability To depend on or trust someone or something, count on
Reliant Having reliable friends can help you facing many difficulties.
Grateful Showing or expressing thanks; to be thankful to others I'm grateful for your love and support.
Careful in the way you deal with something or I was very leery of him after I found out he had lied to Jennifer.
Leery
someone because you don't trust them; wary After I discovered he pretended to be rich, I was leery of him.
Practical knowledge and ability, know-how; someone He's obviously got a lot of political savvy.
Savvy Savvy
who is able to deal with situations successfully She is a savvy consumer and she knows how to get good bargains.
Surpass To do or be better or more than something else He had surpassed all our expectations with his outstanding performance.
Our law firm is in the process of computerizing our old files.
Computerize Computerization Computerized To use computers to operate or store information
Conventional libraries will disappear due to the computerization of books.
Technophobe Phobe = fear, someone who doesn't trust technology Some technophobes believe technology will destroy our world.
Technophile Phile = love, someone who adores technology If you like to have the latest technology, then you are surely a technophile.
Eschew To deliberately or intentionally avoid doing or using s.t I had eschewed politics in favor of a life practicing medicine.
Assistance The company said it would assist workers in finding new jobs.
Assist Assistant To help someone do something or support something
Assistant We offer financial assistance to students.
To leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape Many people were forced to flee the country because of the war.
Flee
from danger The criminal fled the crime scene before the police arrived.
Persecution To treat people unfairly or cruelly over a period of time Muslims left Makka to Madina because they were persecuted.
Persecute
persecutor because of their race, religion, etc The persecution of writers who criticize the government is unfair.
v. to control an activity or process by rules Their parents regulate how much TV the children can watch.
Regulate Regulations Regulatory
n. an official rule, order or control over something She favors government regulations of health-care systems.
He's a humble man and he's not comfortable talking about his achievements.
Humble Humility Humble Not proud of yourself and your skills; modest
He was a religious man of deep humility.
A statement that someone will be hurt or harmed if the They threatened to drop him from the team if he didn't come to practice.
Threaten Threat Threatening
person doesn't do something in particular She received several phone threats after her appearance on television.
Comment The lawyer won't comment publicly on the case.
Comment To express an opinion; an opinion or remark
Commentator The reporter couldn't reach any government officials for comment.
To treat a person or group differently from another in It's illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, or age.
Discriminate Discrimination Discriminatory
an unfair way Black people were the victims of racial discrimination in the US.
Not deep; not showing serious or careful thought or Children should swim near the shallow end of the pool.
Shallow
real understanding If he's only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.
The storm was not bad, and most property damage was superficial.
Superficiality Superficial On the surface only, not deep; shallow
All the other girls seemed silly and superficial to Romeo.
Investment To put money or effort into something to make a profit She tends to invest a lot of energy in her work.
Invest
Investor or achieve a result We plan to buy some property as an investment.
Gadget A small, useful, and cleverly-designed machine or tool Last week I bought a neat gadget for sharpening knives.
Small but arranged to fit neatly into the available space The compact design of the machine allows it to be stored easily.
Compactness Compact
Closely or neatly put together The newer cameras have a flatter, more compact design.
The effect or influence that an event, situation has on The environmental impact of this project will be enormous.
Impact Impact
someone or something A big decline in exports will impact the country's economy.

Unit 4 Superstitions and Beliefs

Ervin claims that he is bankrupt.
Claim Claim To state that something is true or is a fact
The product claims that it can make you thin without dieting.
The crowd consisted mostly of college kids and office workers.
Consist Something made or formed of various specific things
The buffet consisted of several different Indian dishes.
A structure from which water is pushed up into the air, Some people are throwing coins into the fountain in Central Park for good
Fountain
used for example as decoration in a garden or park luck.
Assert Assertion Assertive To state an opinion or claim a right forcefully French cooking, she asserted, is the best in the world.
A belief that some objects or actions are luck or Some superstitious people believe that walking under a ladder is unlucky.
Superstition Superstitious
unlucky based on old ideas, not on reason Many superstitions were passed down from previous generations.
Features belonging to the culture of a particular Beautiful buildings in the old city of Sana'a are part of our heritage.
Heritage
society, such as traditions, languages or buildings Every country tries to preserve its national heritage.
 A ceremony always performed in the dame way; Buddhists follow certain rituals when they visit their temples.
Ritual Ritual
something you do regularly and in the same way My morning ritual includes reading the newspaper while drinking my coffee.
Something done by people in a particular society The guide offers information on local customs in China.
Custom Customary
because it is traditional; traditions It's the custom for the bride's father to pay for the wedding in some countries.
A condition that causes illness when someone eats Some people are allergic to cats.
Allergy Allergic
certain foods or touches or breathes certain substances Your rash is caused by an allergy to peanuts.
Luck charms Small objects that are believed to bring luck She can never travel to any place without her luck charm.
To stand or wait in a public place without any clear The law prohibits loitering on a public street.
Loiter Loitering
reason; to hang around Five or six teenagers were loitering in front of the restaurant.
Emit Emission To send out light, sound, or a smell or a gas The alarm emits a high sound if anyone tries to open the door of the car.
Lollipops A hard candy on the end of a small stick Children like to buy lollipops.
The tomatoes were still green and weren't yet ripe.
Ripen Ripe Wholly developed and ready to be collected or eaten
Apples need more time to ripen and become sweet.
His story about fighting with lions was a complete fabrication.
Fabricate Fabrication To invent a story or piece of information to deceive s.o
The police were accused of fabricating evidence.
Believe Belief Believable Something that seems real; realistic That scenario is entirely believable.
adj. possible to imagine or think of It's conceivable that none of the proposals will be accepted.
Conceive Conception Conceivable
v. to bring a thought or idea into being; imagine It's hard to conceive what the world will be like a hundred years from now.
To cause someone to believe or do s.t; persuade We tried to convince my grandfather to live with us.
Convince Convincing
Some actors are pretty convincing when they play the roles of villains.
He was unable to give a credible excuse for his absence.
Credibility Credible Able to be believed or trusted; believable
There are serious questions about the credibility of these reports.
Probably not true; doubtful Some universities are dubious about accepting students over the age of 30.
Dubiousness Dubious
Not to be trusted or not completely moral The company was accused of dubious practices.
Far-fetched Extremely unlikely to be true or to happen Her story about being chased away from school by wolves seems far-fetched.
Fishy Seeming dishonest or false; suspicious There is something fishy about him.
Iffy Not certain to happen; doubtful Our plans to have a picnic this weekend are iffy.
To make someone believe something that is not true by The article was misleading and the newspapers have apologized.
Mislead Misleading
giving them false or incomplete information We're not misleading people, and we're not pretending to be s.t we’re not.
Phony False or not real, and intended to deceive s.o; fake The doctors were accused of supplying phony medical certificates.
Plausibility Plausible Possibly true; able to be believed His story certainly sounds plausible.
Hoax A plan to make people believe s.t that's not true; trick It is a cruel hoax to make people think they will win the lottery easily.
To say something is not true or not admit something She has denied that she plans to travel outside.
Deny Denial
To refuse to permit or allow someone to do something He denied himself the things that would make him happier.
To change food you have eaten into substances that the Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily.
Digest Digestion Digestive
body can absorb and use; to understand something I struggled to digest the news.
Infamy Infamous Well known for something bad; notorious He has killed two people and sold drugs; he is surely infamous.
 An old well-known story often about brave people, Have you ever read a book of ancient Greek legends?
Legend Legendary adventures, or magical events; myth Michael Jordan was a marvelous player who was a legend in basketball.
Adj. very famous and admired; mythical Her singing was legendary.
To remove something with a sudden movement Astronauts plan to use the shuttle's robot to pluck the satellite out of space.
Pluck
To remove hair or feathers by pulling She plucked her eyebrows.
Curse Curse To wish for s.t evil or unpleasant to happen to s.o or s.t In the story, a curse was put on the prince, turning him into a frog.
Behead To cut off the head of a person as a punishment In the past, death penalty was done by beheading the criminals.
Donation To give something especially money to a person or an Last year he donated 1000 dollars to cancer research.
Donate
donor organization in order to help them Donations of food and clothing are gratefully accepted by charities.

Unit 5 Television and Reading

The movie's plot is predictable, the dialogue is second-rate, and the acting is
Mediocrity Mediocre Just acceptable but not good enough; second rate
mediocre.
v. to hold something tightly or feel it strongly Brady was gripped by fear.
Grip Grip Gripping
adj. very interesting or exciting Prison Break show is very gripping.
A secret plan to do something that is wrong or illegal The novel has a complicated plot that is sometimes difficult to follow.
Plot Plot
The plan or main story of a book, movie or play They were accused of plotting the removal of the king.
To express formal support or approval for someone or We aren't endorsing tax increases.
Endorse Endorsement
something; to advertise a product by famous people Some athletes get contracts for product endorsements worth a lot of money.
To have enough money to buy or pay for something I don't know how he can afford to buy a new car?
Afford Affordable
To have enough time to do something In big cities, it is quite hard to find affordable rent.
There have been violent clashes between the police and demonstrators.
Violence Violent Using or involving force to hurt or attack
There is too much violence on TV and movies these days.
To deliberately get involved in a situation where you I resent his interference in my work.
Interfere Interference
are not wanted or needed, meddle Interfering in other people's arguments is always a mistake.
Intrusion To interrupt someone or become involved in their Employers shouldn't intrude into the private lives of their employees.
Intrude Intrusive
Intruder private affairs in an annoying and unwanted way Many celebrities dislike the unwelcome intrusion of the press.
Hilarity Hilarious Extremely funny and causing a lot of laughter She makes everyone laugh since her jokes are absolutely hilarious.
She emphasized the importance of education in her seminar.
Emphasize Emphasis Emphatic Special attention or importance
In Japan, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.
To bring separate parts of something together so that Germany was transformed after the fall of Berlin Wall and its unification.
Unify Unification Unified
they are one; unite – opposite is divide On May 22, 1990, North and South Yemen were eventually unified.
Competition A situation in which people or organizations try to be Sometimes there's a lot of competition between children for other's attention.
Compete Competitive
Competitor more successful than others Adverting is an intensely competitive business.
An idea or phrase that has been used so much that it is He seemed to believe that old cliché about a woman's place is in the home.
Cliché Clichéd
not effective or doesn't have any meaning any longer Indian movies are clichéd which end with a battle between good and evil.
She had written an engrossing and moving story.
Engross Engrossing Taking all your attention; very interesting
The scene was stunning and for a time engrossed all our attention.
Containing or made from ideas or expressions that
Formulate Formula Formulaic Children love jokes and riddles that are heavily formulaic.
have been used many times before and not very new
Insipidness Not interesting, exciting or attractive There are many insipid TV sitcoms these days.
Insipid
Insipidity Food or drink that doesn't have much taste, bland We had an insipid pasta dish that had no flavor at all.
 Inspiring Giving people a feeling of excitement and a desire to She was an inspiring teach and a gifted scientist.
Inspire Inspiration
Inspirational do something great Martin Luther King was a great orator and an inspiring leader.
Making you feel strong emotions especially sadness or The film moved him to tears.
Move Moving
sympathy I found the novel deeply moving.
Prediction She's so predictable – she always wants to go to the same old restaurant.
Predict Predictable Acting or happening in a way that is expected
Predictability We are not yet able to make accurate predictions about earthquakes.
Extremely interesting or exciting that you cannot stop Some Turkish series are very riveting.
Rivet Riveting
watching it or listening to it; fascinating. His story was very riveting that we couldn't stop listening.
Touching The father and son reunion was very touching after 20 years of separation.
Touch Touch Making you feel pity, sympathy, sadness etc
Touched Princess Diana's death touched the hearts of people around the world.
There is an obvious connection between the two murders.
Obviousness Obvious Easily seen, recognized, or understood; clear
The obvious way of reducing pollution is to use cars less.
A feeling of excitement or anxiety when you don't The suspense of waiting for her answer nearly drove him crazy.
Suspense
know what will happen next Come on then, tell me what happened; the suspense is killing me.
Genealogy
Genealogical The study of the history of families, family tree. He has produced a genealogy of his family going back to 1732.
Genealogist
n. an effort or attempt to do something Writing is a very different endeavor than teaching.
Endeavor Endeavor
v. to try hard to do something I endeavored to explain the grammar aspect to students.
To make the meaning of something clearer by giving Let me give an example to illustrate the point.
Illustrate Illustration Illustrative
examples or pictures She writes children's books and also illustrates them.
Wizard Wizard is a man who has magic powers Harry Potter is a very creative wizard studying in the school of wizardry.
Witch Witch is a woman who has magic powers In the past many people were afraid of witches and their curses.
He claimed that the police continued to harass foreign journalists.
Harass Harassment To annoy or trouble someone repeatedly
African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years
Theme The topic of discussion or writing; a particular style The book's theme is the conflict between love and duty.
Impressionable Someone who is easily influenced because he is young The kids are at an impressionable age

Unit 6 Musicians and Music

Consisting of many different parts and often difficult to It was a very complex relationship between complex people.
Complexity Complex
understand, complicated; opposite of simple There is increasing recognition of the complexity of the causes of poverty.
Catchy Pleasing and easy to remember Many companies try to come up with catchy advertising slogans.
He was only half listening to the monotonous voice of the teacher.
Monotony Monotonous Boring because of always being the same
He drove for hours with nothing to break the monotony.
She enjoyed the exhilaration of ice-skating for the first time.
Exhilarate Exhilaration Exhilarating Causing you to feel excited, happy and full of energy
Traveling abroad is an exhilarating experience.
Making people remember something by producing a The new fashions were evocative of the 1920s.
Evoke Evocation Evocative
feeling or memory in them The smell of chalk always evokes memories of my school days.
Involving a lot of movement or activity; extremely Americans like fast cars, fast-food restaurants, and a frenetic pace of life.
Frenzy Frenetic
active, excited, or uncontrollable The Thursday night sale can best be described as a buying frenzy.
haunting Staying in your mind and thoughts for a long time Some songs have haunting melodies.
Mellow Mellow Pleasing, relaxing and smooth He has a warm, mellow voice that makes you relax.
Soothe Soothing Making someone feel calmer and less anxious or upset Listening to slow, soothing music can help you relax and sleep.
Nursery rhyme A short traditional poem or song for young children Many kindergartens use nursery rhymes to teach reading and speaking.
To let someone go free Police arrested several men, who were later released.
Release Release
To make a CD, video, film available for people New movies and songs are released every single week.
The newest and most exciting stage in the development His research is at the cutting edge of new therapies for cancer.
Cutting edge Cutting-edge
of something This century will surely notice cutting-edge scientific discoveries.
The first public appearance of an entertainer or singer Their debut album was recorded in 1991.
Debut Debut
To appear in public for the first time, release – launch The show will debut next Monday at 8:00.
Apparent Easy to notice and understand; obvious It soon became apparent that we had a major problem.
Large in size, amount, or degree; containing or dealing Advances courses like 5C are very extensive and require a lot of effort.
Extend Extension Extensive
with a lot of information and details I might have extended this essay to include more information.
To intentionally annoy a person by saying s.t that is not He was teasing his niece when he told her that she had a big nose.
Tease Tease
true often in a playful way to have fun; to joke At work, we all tease her because she's always late.
To prove or decide officially that someone is guilty of There might not have been enough evidence to convict him.
Convict Conviction
a crime after a trial in a law court; opposite is acquit His criminal record includes convictions for robberies in several cities.
To follow or search for something or someone to catch The police pursued the criminal on foot, but lost him in the crowd.
Pursue Pursuit or attack them; to try to achieve or continue to do She single-mindedly pursued her goal of earning a law degree.
something She plans to pursue a career in politics.
To search for something and try to achieve or obtain it She is actively seeking work.
Seek To ask someone for advice, approval, help, permission They suggested she seek medical advice if the backache problem persists.
To try or attempt They sought to reassure people that their homes would be safe from the flood
To become blocked or filled so that the movement or During rush hour, downtown streets are clogged with commuters
Clog
activity is slowed or stopped Too much cholesterol clogs up your arteries.
Spruce up Spruce To make yourself or something look neater or tidier She had spruced the place up with plastic flowers.
Panel A group of people chosen to give advice, make a A panel of experts was formed to look into the causes of the fire.
Panelist decision, or publicly discuss their opinions A panel of experts has looked at the proposal.
There has been an assassination attempt on the president's life.
Attempt Attempt An act of trying to do something difficult
Don't attempt to do these tricks at home.
Navigation To direct the way that a vehicle, a ship or aircraft will I'll drive, and you take the map and navigate.
Navigate Navigational
Navigator travel; to find a direction Early explorers used to navigate by the stars before the compass was invented
Official figures show unemployment peaked in November.
Peak Peak To reach the highest point, value or level
Most athletes reach their peak in their mid 20s.
Mold Mold To shape something into a particular form She molded the clay into little animals.
An official documents that gives you permission to He was arrested for driving without a license.
License License
own, do, or use something Lawyers and doctors need to be licensed to practice their professions.
She is the sole survivor of the tragic accident.
Sole The only one, only; not shared with anyone else
Derek has sole responsibility for sales in Dubai.
A short performance by an actor, singer that someone Many people auditioned for Arab's Got Talent and only few were chosen.
Audition Audition
watches to judge if they are good enough I've got an audition for the Superstar Show next week.
To separate something from other things or to keep They tried to isolate the real cause of the problem.
Isolate Isolation Isolated
something separate The political prisoner had been held in complete isolation.