Based on the Latest Paper Pattern prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and

Higher Secondary Education, Pune - 04

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Exclusively Covers
22 out of 80 Marks

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Salient Features
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 In accordance with the Latest Paper Pattern

 For holistic learning, the chapters include:

- Challenging questions provided as per level of difficulty (Level I, Level II and Level III)
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- Mathematical viewpoint explaining how to approach a problem

- Similar Type Questions provided for additional practice
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- Constructions with accurate measurements

- Smart Check enabling students to verify their answers
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- Selective Board questions from March 2019 to July 2024

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Scan the QR code to access Q.4 & Q.5 of March 2025 Board Question
Paper with Solutions.

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 PREFACE

Std. X Mathematics Challenging Questions is a meticulously compiled handbook for students of

Std. X, aligned with the Latest Paper Pattern for Std. X prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of
Textbook Production & Curriculum Research, Pune.

According to the Latest Paper Pattern of Std. X, students would be asked challenging questions of
Mathematics as they would appear in the Board Examination. Taking cognizance of this change, we have
meticulously crafted this book that includes exhaustive yet carefully selected challenging questions along
with solutions spanning across all the chapters of the Text Book.

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We are confident that this book will cater to the needs of students and will help them to prepare
extremely well for their SSC Board Examination.

The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think

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we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you on
[email protected]
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Publisher
Edition: Fourth
e
pl
m
Sa

Disclaimer
This reference book is transformative work based on the latest textbooks of ‘Mathematics Part - I & II’ published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production
and Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and
elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in examinations.

This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has been
taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused
to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book.

© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.

No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of students.
 PAPER PATTERN

Question Total Marks with

Type of Questions
No. Marks option

(A) Solve 4 out of 4 MCQ (1 mark each) 04 04

1.
(B) Solve 4 out of 4 subquestions (1 mark each) 04 04

(A) Solve 2 activity based subquestions out of 3 (2 marks each) 04 06

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2.

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(B) Solve any 4 out of 5 subquestions (2 marks each) 08 10

(A) Solve 1 activity based subquestion out of 2 (3 marks each) 03 06

3.

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(B) Solve any 2 out of 4 subquestions (3 marks each) 06 12

4. Solve any 2 out of 3 subquestions (4 marks each) 08 12

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5. Solve any 1 out of 2 subquestions (3 marks each) 03 06

Total Marks 40 60

The division of marks in question papers as per objectives will be as follows.

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Maths
Distribution of Marks Objectives
(Part I & II)
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Easy Questions 40% Knowledge 20%

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Medium Questions 40% Understanding 30%

Difficult Questions 20% Application 40%

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Skill 10%

[Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune - 04]
 INDEX

Textbook
Chapter Topic Name Page No.
No.
Part - I

1 Linear Equations in Two Variables 1

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2 Quadratic Equations 20

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3 Arithmetic Progression 37

4 Financial Planning 46

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5 Probability 53

6 Statistics 59
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Part - II

1 Similarity 76

2 Pythagoras Theorem 88
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3 Circle 96
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4 Geometric Constructions 117

5 Co-ordinate Geometry 131

m

6 Trigonometry 139
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7 Mensuration 152

Note: ● Smart check is indicated by symbol.

● Steps of construction are provided in
Chapter 4 : Geometric constructions for the students’ understanding.
 1 Linear Equations in Two Variables

LEVEL - 1
Similar Type Question

1. Convert the following equations

simultaneous equations and solve:
into Convert the following equations into simultaneous
x 3 2 1
equations and solve:  3,  
x 1 1 1 y x y xy
 4,   [Mar 2020]

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y x y xy 3 1
Ans: x  , y 

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7 21
Mathematical Viewpoint
In such problems, convert the given equations 2. Observe the following flow chart and solve
it:
into a pair of linear equations.
Now, with the suitable method(Elimination 3x  y = 7; x + 4y = 11

nt
method or Substitution method) solve the linear
equations to obtain the values of x and y. Find the value of
Solution: D, Dx and Dy
Co
x
4
y Find the value of Find the value of Find the value of
Squaring on both sides, we get Dx D Dy
x
= 16
y
 x = 16y …(i) Find the value of Find the value of
e

x y
1 1 1
 
x y xy
pl

Multiplying both sides by xy, we get

y+x=1
Write the values of [July 2023]
i.e., x + y = 1 …(ii) x and y
Substituting x = 16y in equation (ii), we get
m

16y + y = 1
Mathematical Viewpoint
 17y = 1
1 In such problems, to find Dx, Dy and D use,
 y=
Sa

17 c1 b1 a c1 a1 b1
Dx = , Dy = 1 ,D = and to
1 c2 b2 a2 c2 a2 b2
Substituting y = in equation (i), we get
17 find the values of x and y use,
16 Dx D
x = 16y = x= and y = y .
17 D D
(x, y) =  ,  is the solution of the given
16 1
 Solution:
 17 17 
The given equations are
equations. 3x – y = 7 …(i)
Smart Check x + 4y = 11 …(ii)
Equations (i) and (ii) are in ax + by = c form.
In order to find out if our answer is correct or not, Comparing the given equations with
substitute the values of (x, y) in the given a1x + b1y = c1 and a2x + b2y = c2, we get
equations. a1 = 3, b1 = –1, c1 = 7 and
If L.H.S = R.H.S, then the answer is correct. a2 = 1, b2 = 4, c2 = 11
1
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

a1 b1 3 1 Solution:
 D= = = (3  4) – (–1  1) 3x + 5y = 21 …(i)
a2 b2 1 4
x – 2y = –7
= 12 – (–1) = 12 + 1 = 13  0  x = 2y – 7 …(ii)
c1 b1 7 1 Substituting x = 2y – 7 in equation (i), we get
Dx = = = (7  4) – (–1  11)
c2 b2 11 4 3(2y – 7) + 5y = 21
= 28 – (–11) = 28 + 11 = 39  6y – 21 + 5y = 21
 11y = 42
a1 c1 3 7
Dy = = = (3  11) – (1  7)  y=
42
a2 c2 1 11
11
= 33 – 7 = 26 42
Substituting y = in equation (ii), we get
 By Cramer’s rule, we get 11
84  77
x = 2   – 7 =
Dx Dy 42 84
x= and y = 7 =

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D D  11  11 11
39 26 7

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 x= and y =  x=
13 13 11
 x = 3 and y = 2 Substituting x =
7
and y =
42
in y = mx + 4,
11 11
we get
Similar Type Question 42 7

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 m   4
11  11 
Observe the following flow chart and solve it: 42 7m
 4
11 11
 42 – 44 = 7m …[Multiplying both sides by 11]
Co
x – 4y = 1, 2x – 5y = 5
 7m = –2
2
Find the value of  m=
7
D, Dx and Dy

Find the value of Find the value of Find the value of Similar Type Question
e

Dx D Dy
Solve the following equations:
8x + 13y = 2 and x + 11y = 1
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Hence, find m if y = mx – 4.
Find the value of Find the value of 9 6
x y Ans: x = ,y= , m = 34
75 75
m

4. If (x – 2) is a factor of x3 – mx2 + nx – 20,

then find the values of m and n given that
Write the values of 3m + n = 16.
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x and y
Mathematical Viewpoint

Ans: Dx = 15, Dy = 3, D = 3, x = 5, y = 1 In such problems, use the Factor theorem to

derive one of the equations. Then, apply an
appropriate method (Substitution method or
3. Solve the following equations:
3x + 5y = 21 and x – 2y = –7
Elimination method) to solve the linear equations
and obtain the values of m and n.
Hence, find m if y = mx + 4.
Solution:
Mathematical Viewpoint Let p(x) = x3 – mx2 + nx – 20
If (x – a) is a factor of p(x), then p(a) = 0.
In such problems, use the suitable method
Given, (x – 2) is a factor of x3 – mx2 + nx – 20
(Substitution method or Elimination method) and
 p(2) = 0
solve the linear equations to obtain the values of x
 23 – m(2)2 + n(2) – 20 = 0
and y. Then, substitute the values of x and y in the
 8 – 4m + 2n – 20 = 0
given expression to find the unknown value.
 –4m + 2n – 12 = 0
22
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

Mathematical Viewpoint LEVEL - 2

In the word problems, involving speed, distance 16. Sandesh says to Nirali that if you give me
and time, you will have to use the formula ` 100, the ratio of the amount with me and
Distance that left with you will be 6 : 7 and if you
Time = .
Speed give me ` 200, then ratio will be reversed.
Here as well we need to find time taken and But Nirali gives him some money and the
distance. Using variables, frame two suitable ratio becomes 8 : 5. How much money does
equations for the given conditions. Nirali give to Sandesh?
Solution:
Let the bus cover a distance of x km at the
Mathematical Viewpoint
speed of 60 km/hr. In this question, the unknown variables are how

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Distance much money each person has. If we are able to
As Time =

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speed find that out, we will get our solution.
x
 It takes hours to cover x km.
60 Solution:
Let the car cover a distance of y km at the Let the amount with Sandesh be ` x and that
speed of 75 km/hr. with Nirali be ` y.

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y If Nirali gives ` 100 to Sandesh, the ratio will
 It takes hours to cover y km. be 6 : 7.
75
x  100 6
According to the first condition, total distance  =
covered by Vishal was 555 km. y  100 7
Co
 x + y = 555 …(i)  7(x + 100) = 6(y – 100)
According to the second condition, he takes  7x + 700 = 6y – 600
8 hours to complete the journey.  7x – 6y = –600 – 700
x y  7x – 6y = –1300 ...(i)
  =8 …(ii)
60 75 If Nirali gives ` 200 to Sandesh, the ratio will
Multiplying (ii) by 300, we get be 7 : 6.
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x  200 7
300 
x y   =
  = 300  8 y  200 6
 60 75 
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 5x + 4y = 2400 …(iii)  6(x + 200) = 7(y – 200)

Multiplying (i) by 4, we get  6x + 1200 = 7y – 1400
4x + 4y = 2220 …(iv)  6x – 7y = –1400 – 1200
 6x – 7y = –2600 ...(ii)
m

Subtracting (iv) from (iii), we get

Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
5x + 4y = 2400
7x – 6y = –1300
4x + 4y = 2220
6x – 7y = –2600
 – 
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13x – 13y = –3900

 x = 180  x – y = –300 ...(iii)[Dividing both sides by 13]
 The distance that Vishal travelled by bus is Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
180 km. 7x – 6y = –1300
6x – 7y = –2600
– + +
Similar Type Question x + y = 1300 …(iv)
Adding equation (iii) and (iv), we get
Some part of journey of 720 km was completed
x – y = –300
by a car with speed 90 km/hr. Then the speed is
x + y = 1300
reduced by 60 km/hr and the journey is
completed. If it takes 12 hours to reach, find the 2x = 1000
time taken and distance covered by 90 km / hr. 1000
Ans: 6 hours, 540 km  x= = 500
2
9
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

Substituting x = 500 in equation (iii), we get 1
Substituting 1 = p and = q in equation (i)
500 – y = –300 x y
 –y = –300 – 500 = –800 and equation (ii), we get
 y = 800
2p + 7q = 1 ...(iii)
Let the amount given by Nirali to Sandesh be 4
` a so that the ratio will be 8 : 5.
4p + 4q = 1 ...(iv)
500  a 8 3
 =
800  a 5 Multiplying equation (iii) by 2, we get
 2500 + 5a = 6400 – 8a
4p + 14q = 1 ...(v)
 13a = 3900 2
 a = 300 Subtracting equation (iv) from equation (v),
 Nirali gave ` 300 to Sandesh. we get

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4p + 14q = 1
2

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Similar Type Question
4p + 4q = 1
3
One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then
– – –
become twice as rich as you”. The other replies,
“If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as 10q = 1

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6
you”. Tell me what is the amount each one has?
Ans: ` 40 and ` 170.  q= 1
60

Substituting q = 1 in equation (iv), we get

17. 2 men and 7 boys can do a piece of work in
Co
60
4 days. The same work is done in 3 days by
4p + 4   = 1
4 men and 4 boys. How long would it take 1
for one man or one boy to do it?  60  3

 4p + 1 = 1
Mathematical Viewpoint 15 3

This question is similar to Q. 7. In this question we  4p = 1  1

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need to find out how much work gets done in 3 15

1 day. 4
 4p = 5  1 =
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work done 1 15 15
=
in1day Number of days  p= 1
15
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
m

Solution:
1 1 1 1
Let the time taken to finish the work by one  and 
man and one boy be x days and y days x 15 y 60
respectively. Then  x = 15 and y = 60
Sa

1
work done by one man in 1 day = and  The time taken to finish the work by one
x
man and one boy is 15 days and 60 days
1 respectively.
work done by one boy in 1 day =
y
According to the first condition, 2 men and
7 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. Similar Type Question
2 7
  = 1 ...(i) 4 men and 6 boys can finish a piece of work in
x y 4
5 days, while 3 men and 4 boys can finish it in
According to the second condition, the 7 days. Find the time taken by 1 man alone.
same work is done in 3 days by 4 men and Also, find out time taken by 1 boy alone
4 boys. Ans: Time taken by 1 man = 35 days and
4 4 Time taken by 1 boy = 70 days
  = 1 ...(ii)
x y 3

10
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

18. If the average speed of a train is increased 6
 xy + x  15y  18 = xy
by 10 km/hr, the time taken to travel a 5
certain distance is reduced by 36 minutes. If  6x  75y = 90
the average speed is reduced by 15 km/hr,  2x  25y = 30 ...(ii)[Dividing both sides by 3]
the train takes 1hr and 12 mins more to Multiplying equation (ii) by 2, we get
travel the same distance. Calculate the 4x  50y = 60 …(iii)
average speed of the train. Subtracting equation (i) from (iii), we get
4x  50y = 60
Mathematical Viewpoint 3x  50y = 30
This question is similar to Q. 15. In such – + +
questions, usually assume speed and time as x x = 90
and y. Avoid using distance as any specific  Average speed of train = 90 km/hr.
variable, if the total distance remains constant

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throughout the question.
Using two variables frame linear equations in two

en
Similar Type Question
variables.
Here, use distance formula,
A bus covers a certain distance with uniform
Distance = speed  time
speed. Had speed of the bus been increased by 15
Solution: km/hr, it would have taken two hours less to

nt
cover the same distance. Had the speed of the bus
Let the average speed of the train be x km/hr.
been decreased by 5 km/hr, it would have taken
Let the time taken to travel certain distance be
‘y’ hrs. one hour more to cover the same distance. Find
We know that, speed × time = distance the distance covered by the bus.
Co
Ans: 360 km
 Distance = xy km
According to the first condition, if the average 19. Sharad bought a table and a fan together
speed of a train is increased by 10 km/hr , the for ` 5000. After some time, he sold the
time taken to travel a certain distance is table at the gain of 25% and the fan at a
reduced by 36 minutes. gain of 20%. Thus he gained 23% on the
 36  whole. Find the cost of the fan.
(x + 10)  y   = xy
e

 60 
Mathematical Viewpoint
 1 
 1 minute  60 hr 
pl

In such word problems, try to identify the

…  unknown quantities and using two variables
 36 minutes  36 hr 
 frame linear equations in two variables.
60 
In this case, the cost of table and fan are
m

 3 unknown. The rest of conditions are based on

 (x + 10)  y   = xy
 5  these costs.
3x
 xy  + 10y  6 = xy Solution:
5
Sa

Let the cost of fan be x and the cost of table be y.

3x According to the first condition, Sharad
 + 10y = 6
5 bought a table and a fan together for ` 5000.
 –3x + 50y = 30  x + y = 5000 ... (i)
 3x  50y = 30 ...(i) According to the second condition, he sold the
According to the second condition, if the table at the gain of 25% and the fan at a gain
average speed is reduced by 15 km/hr, the of 20%, thus he gained 23% whole.
train takes 1hr and 12 mins more to travel.  20   25  23
 x  + y =  (x + y)
 12   100   100  100
(x  15)  y  1  = xy
 60  20 x 25 y 23
 + = (x + y)
100 100 100
 72 
 (x  15)  y   = xy  20x + 25y = 23(x + y)
 60 
 20x + 25y = 23x + 23y
 6  20x  23x + 25y  23y = 0
 (x  15)  y   = xy
 5   3x + 2y = 0
11
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

 2y = 3x  x – 2y = 16 …(ii)
3x Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
 y=
2 x – 5y = –32
3x x – 2y = 16
Substituting y = in equation (i), we get
2 – + –
3 –3y = –48
x+ x = 5000
2 48
2 x  3x  y= = 16
 = 5000 3
2 Substituting y = 16 in equation (ii), we get
 5x = 10000 x – 32 = 16
10000  x = 16 + 32 = 48
 x=
5  The present ages of Indranil’s father and
 x = 2000 Indranil are 48 years and 16 years

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 The cost of the fan is `2000. respectively.

en
Similar Type Question Similar Type Question

Madhu invested some part of ` 50,000 at 11% Two years ago, Shyam was thrice as old as his
and the rest at 12% interest for one year. daughter and six years later, he will be four years

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Altogether her gain was 11.6%. Find out the older than twice her age. How old are they now?
interest she earned on amount invested. Ans: Shyam’s age = 38 years
Ans: `2200, `3600 Shyam’s daughter’s age = 14 years

20. Eight years ago, Indranil’s father’s age was 21. Construct any one linear equation in two
Co
five times Indranil’s age at that time. After variables. Obtain another equation by
16 years the age of father will be two times interchanging only coefficients of variables.
the age of Indranil at that time. Find their Find the value of the variables. [Nov 2020]
present ages.
Mathematical Viewpoint
Mathematical Viewpoint
e

In such questions, read the given conditions

In this question, we have been asked to find age carefully.
of father and son. The conditions are also based Now, by using the given conditions frame two
pl

on their ages. Therefore, assume their ages as linear equations. Solve the two equations by suitable
variables and frame the equations. method to obtain the value of the variables.
Solution: Solution:
m

Let the present ages of Indranil’s father and Consider a linear equation in two variables:
Indranil be x years and y years respectively. 3x + 2y = 5 …(i)
8 years ago, Indranil’s father’s age was According to the given condition, another
(x – 8) years and Indranil’s age was equation is
Sa

(y – 8) years. 2x + 3y = 5 …(ii)
According to the first condition, eight years Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
ago, Indranil’s father’s age was five times 3x + 2y = 5
Indranil’s age at that time. + 2x + 3y = 5
 x – 8 = 5(y –8)
 x – 8 = 5y – 40 5x + 5y = 10
 x – 5y = –32 …(i) 10
 x+y= …[Dividing both sides by 5]
After 16 years, Indranil’s father’s age will be 5
(x + 16) years and Indranil’s age will be  x+y=2 …(iii)
(y + 16) years. Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
According to the second condition, after 3x + 2y = 5
16 years the age of father will be two times the 2x + 3y = 5
age of Indranil at that time. – – –
 x + 16 = 2(y + 16) x– y=0
 x + 16 = 2y + 32  x–y=0 …(iv)

12
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
x+y=2 Similar Type Question
+x–y=0
2x =2 Construct a word problem on simultaneous linear
 x=1 equations in two variables so that the value of one
of the variables will be 20 (persons, rupees,
Substituting x = 1 in equation (iii), we get
metres, years etc) and solve it.
1+y=2
 y=2–1=1
 x = 1 and y = 1 are the values of the variables. 23. The co-ordinates of the point of intersection
of lines ax + by = 9 and bx + ay = 5 is (3, –1).
22. Construct a word problem on simultaneous Find the values of a and b. [Mar 2019]
linear equations in two variables so that the
value of one of the variables will be 10 Mathematical Viewpoint

t
(persons, rupees, metres, years etc) and
solve it. In such word problems, substitute the given point

en
into the given linear equations. With the suitable
Mathematical Viewpoint method try to solve the two equations to obtain
the unknown values.
In such questions, frame one condition. We know
that one of the answers is 10. Using 10 as value Solution:

nt
of one variable, find another variable. We now (3, 1) is the point of intersection of the lines
have both the variables. Using the value of these ax + by = 9 and bx + ay = 5
two variables, frame second condition.  Point (x, y) = (3, 1) satisfies the two
equations.
Co
Solution: ax + by = 9 …(i)
Word Problem: bx + ay = 5 …(ii)
Sum of present ages of Manisha and Tushar is 35  Putting x = 3 and y = 1 in the above
years. 5 years ago, Manisha’s age was equations, we get
4 times the age of Tushar. Find their present ages.
3a  b = 9 …(iii)
Answer:
Let the present ages of Manisha and Tushar be 3b  a = 5 …(iv)
e

x years and y years respectively. Multiplying equation (iv) by 3, we get

According to first condition, the sum of their 3a + 9b = 15 … (v)
pl

present ages is 35. Adding equations (iii) and (v), we get

 x + y = 35 …(i) 3a  b = 9
5 years ago, 3a + 9b = 15
Manisha’s age = (x – 5) years
m

Tushar’s age = (y – 5) years 8b = 24

According to the second condition, Manisha’s 24
 b=
age was 4 times the age of Tushar. 8
(x – 5) = 4(y – 5)  b=3
Sa

 x – 5 = 4y – 20 Putting b = 3 in equation (iii), we get

 x – 4y = –15 …(ii) 3a – 3 = 9
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get  3a = 9 + 3
x + y = 35  3a = 12
x – 4y = –15  a=4
– + +  a = 4 and b = 3
5y = 50
 y = 10
Substituting y = 10 in equation (i), we get Similar Type Question
x + 10 = 35
 x = 35 – 10 The co-ordinates of the point of intersection of
 x = 25 years lines ax + by = 27 and bx + ay = 28 is (6, 5). Find
the values of a and b.
 Present ages of Tushar and Manisha are 10
Ans: a = 2, b = 3
years and 25 years respectively.
13
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

24. Draw the graph of the equation x + 2y = 4. 25. Draw the graph of the equation x + y = 4
Find the area of the triangle formed by the and answer the following questions:
line intersecting to X-axis and Y-axis. i. Which type of triangle is formed by the line
with X and Y-axes based on its sides.
[Mar 2023]
ii. Find the area of that triangle.
[Mar 2024]
Mathematical Viewpoint
Mathematical Viewpoint
In such word problems, try to understand the given
condition and draw a graph. Once the graph is In such word problems, try to understand the given
drawn, calculate the values of base and height of a condition and draw a graph. Once the graph is drawn,
1 i. Identify the type of triangle based on the
triangle formed. Use formula,  base  height to lengths of the sides and axes.
2
find the area. ii. Calculate the values of base and height of a
1

t
triangle formed and use  base  height to
2
Solution:

en
find the area.
x + 2y = 4
4x Solution:
 y= x+y=4
2
 y=4–x
x –2 0 2 4
x 0 4 2 3

nt
y 3 2 1 0
(x, y) (–2, 3) (0, 2) (2, 1) (4, 0) y 4 0 2 1
(x, y) (0, 4) (4, 0) (2, 2) (3, 1)
Y Scale : On both axes Y Scale : On both axes
1 cm = 1 unit
Co
4 1 cm = 1unit
5
(–2, 3)
3 B(0, 4)
4
B (0, 2)
2 x+y=4
3
e

1 (2, 1)
2 (2, 2)
O (0, 0) A (4, 0)
pl

X X 1 (3, 1)
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
x + 2y = 4 A(4, 0)
1
X X
O(0, 0)
m

Y 1 2 3 4 5
Y
From the graph, we get OAB, where OB is i. Here, OA = OB = 4 units and X-axis  Y-axis
the height and OA is the base.
 Isosceles right angled triangle is formed by
Sa

1
Area of triangle =  base  height the given line intersecting the X and Y-axes.
2
1 1
1
=  l(OA)  l(OB) ii. Area of AOB =  OA  OB =  4  4
2 2 2
1 = 8 sq. units
=  4  2 = 4 sq. units
2
Similar Type Question

Similar Type Question Draw the graph of the equation x + y = 6 and

answer the following questions:
Draw the graph of x + y = 8 which intersects the i. Which type of triangle is formed by the line
X-axis and the Y-axis at P and Q respectively. with X and Y-axes based on its sides.
Find the area of Δ OPQ where point O is the ii. Find the area of that triangle.
origin. Ans: i. Isosceles right angled triangle
Ans: 32 sq. units ii. 18 sq. units

14
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

26. Draw the graphs representing the equations 2x = y + 2 and 4x + 3y = 24 on the same graph paper. Find
the area of the triangle formed by these lines and the X-axis.

Mathematical Viewpoint
In such word problems, try to understand the given data and draw a graph of two lines mentioned in the problem.
1
Once the graph is drawn, calculate area of a triangle using the formula,  base  height to find the area.
2

Solution:
2x = y + 2 4x + 3y = 24
24  4 x
 y = 2x  2  y=

t
3

x 0 1 2 4

en
x 0 3 6 1.5
y 2 0 2 6 y 8 4 0 6
(x , y) (0, 2) (1, 0) (2, 2) (4,6) (x , y) (0, 8) (3, 4) (6, 0) (1.5, 6)

Y Scale: On both axes

nt
1 cm = 1 unit
8 (0, 8)

7
Co
6 (1.5, 6) (4, 6)

4 B(3, 4)
e

3
pl

2 (2, 2)
m

1
A(1, 0) E(3, 0) C (6, 0)
X X
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Sa

–1

–2 (0, 2)

–3
Y

From the graph, we get ABC, where BE is the height of the triangle and AC is the base.
Now, l(AC) = 5 cm and l(BE) = 4 cm
1
  base  height
Area of triangle =
2
1 1
 Area of ABC =  l(AC)  l(BE) =  5  4 = 2  5 = 10 cm2
2 2

15
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

Similar Type Question

Draw the graphs representing the equations 2x + y = 4 and 2x – y = 4 on the same graph paper. Find the area of
the triangle formed by these lines and the Y-axis.
Ans: 8 cm2

LEVEL - 3 According to the second condition, if 198 is

added to the number the digits will be
reversed.
27. There is a certain number consisting of 110x + 11y + 10 + 198 = 110y + 11x + 10
3 digits which is equal to 17 times the sum  110x + 11y + 208 = 110y + 11x + 10

t
of its digits, and if 198 is added to the  110x + 11y – 110y – 11x = 10 – 208
number the digits will be reversed. Also, the  99x – 99y = –198

en
sum of extreme digits is less that the middle  x – y = –2 ...(ii)
digit by unity. Find the original number. Multiplying equation (ii) by 23, we get
23x – 23y = –46 …(iii)
Mathematical Viewpoint Subtracting equation (i) from equation (iii),
we get

nt
In such word problems, even though there are 23x – 23y = –46
3 unknown variables (Hundred’s place, ten’s 76x – 23y = 7
place, unit’s place), we still need to assume only – + –
2 variables. Using one of the condition, given in –53x = –53
Co
question find out third place. 53
 x = =1
Once you have all 3 unknowns you can frame 53
equations and solve it to find answers. Substituting x = 1 in equation (ii), we get
 1 – y = –2
Solution:  y=3
Let the digit in hundred’s place be x and  The required number = 110x + 11y + 10
e

the digit in unit’s place be y. = 110  1 + 11  3 + 10

The sum of extreme digits is less than the = 110 + 33 + 10
middle digit by unity, i.e. 1.
pl

= 153
The middle digit i.e., the digit in the ten’s  The original number is 153.
place = (x + y + 1)
 The original number
m

= 100x + 10(x + y + 1) + y
Similar Type Question
Hundred’s ten’s Unit
The sum of the digits of a number consisting of
place place place three digits is 12. The middle digit is equal to half of
Sa

= 100x + 10x + 10 y + 10 + y the sum of the other two. If the order of the digits,
= 110x + 11y + 10 are reversed, the number is decreased by 198. Find
Number obtained by reversing the digits the number.
Ans: 543
= 100y + 10(x + y + 1) + x
= 100y + 10x + 10y + 10 + x
= 110y + 11x + 10 28. The following determinants are obtained
According to the first condition, there is a from the simultaneous equations in variable
certain number consisting of 3 digits which is x and y.
equal to 17 times the sum of its digits 24 a 5 24 5 1
Dx = , Dy = ,D=
110x + 11y + 10 = 17 (x + x + y + 1 + y) 16 1 b 16 3 1
 110x + 11y + 10 = 17 (2x + 2y + 1) The solutions for the equations are x = 5
 110x + 11y + 10 = 34x + 34y + 17 and y = 1. Find the values of a and b.
 110x + 11y – 34x – 34y = 17 – 10 Also, form the original simultaneous
 76x – 23y = 7 ...(i) equations having this solution.

16
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

Mathematical Viewpoint
Similar Type Question
In such word problems, use following steps:
i. Calculate Dx ii. Calculate Dy The following determinants are obtained from the
iii. Calculate D simultaneous equations in variable x and y.
iv. Use Cramer’s rule in order to obtain the 4 3 4 b 4 3
Dx = , Dy = ,D=
unknown values. a 5 6 8 6 5
v. Substitute the unknown values into the The solutions for the equations are x = –2 and
problem and compare with following y = 4. Find the values of a and b. Also, form the
determinant. original simultaneous equations having this solution.
c1 b1 a c a b1 Ans: a = 8, b = 4
Dx = , Dy = 1 1 , D = 1
c2 b2 a 2 c2 a2 b2 4x + 3y = 4 and 6x + 5y = 8

t
Solution: 29. When the son will be as old as his father

en
24 a today, the sum of their ages then will be
Dx = = 24 × (1)  a × 16 = 24  16a 126. When the father was as old as his son is
16 1
today, the sum of their ages then was 38.
5 24 Find their present ages.
Dy = = 5 × 16  24 × b = 80  24b
b 16
Mathematical Viewpoint

nt
5 1
D= = 5 × (1) 1 × 3 = 5  3 = 8
3 1 In such word problems, try to identify the
Dx unknown quantities and using two variables
 x= …[By Cramer’s rule] frame linear equations in two variables.
D
Co
Here, consider the present ages of father and son
24  16a as x, y respectively.
 5=
8 Carefully read the conditions and frame two
 40 = 24  16a linear equations.
 16a = 24 + 40 Solution:
16 Let the present age of the father be x years and
 a= =1
e

16 that of his son be y years.

Dy After (x  y) years, son’s age will be x years.
y= …[By Cramer’s rule]
pl

D i.e. he will be as old as his father.

80  24b After (x  y) years, father’s age will be
 1 =
8 x + (x  y) years.
 8 = 80  24b
m

According to the first condition, when the son

 24b = 72 will be as old as his father today, the sum of
72 their ages then will be 126.
 b= =3
24 x + x + (x  y) = 126
Sa

Substituting the values of a and b in Dx and Dy,  3x  y = 126 …(i)

we get
(x  y) years ago father’s age was y years. i.e.
24 1 5 24 5 1
Dx = ; Dy = ;D= the father was as old as his son today.
16 1 3 16 3 1
(x  y) years ago, son’s age was
Comparing these determinants with y  (x  y) = (2y  x)years
c b1 a c a b1 According to the second condition, when the
Dx = 1 , Dy = 1 1 , D = 1 , we get
c2 b2 a 2 c2 a2 b2 father was as old as his son is today, the sum
a1 = 5 , b1 = 1 , c1 = 24 and of their ages then was 38.
a2 = 3 , b2 = 1 , c2 = 16 y + 2y  x = 38
 5x + y = 24; 3x  y = 16  x + 3y = 38 …(ii)
 a = 1, b = 3 and the original simultaneous Multiplying equation (ii) by 3,
equations are 5x + y = 24 and 3x  y = 16. 3x + 9y = 114 …(iii)
17
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

Adding equations (iii) and (i), we get
3x + 9y = 114
3x  y = 126 Similar Type Question

8y = 240 Vipul and Ajay are friends. Vipul is elder to Ajay

 y = 30 by two years. Vipul’s father is twice his son’s
Substituting y = 30 in equation (i), we get
age. Ajay is twice the age of his sister. If the ages
3x  30 = 126
of Vipul’s father and Ajay’s sister differ by 40
 3x = 156
years, Find Vipul’s and Ajay’s age.
 x = 52
Ans: Vipul’s age = 26 years
 The present age of the father and son are
52 years and 30 years respectively. Ajay’s age = 24 years.

t
30. A travels a distance of 24 km with a speed of 4km/hr. B starts 1 hour late than A and he covers the
same distance in 4 hours. Draw the graphs of their journey and find when and where B will meet A.

en
Mathematical Viewpoint
In such word problems, use distance formula in order to frame linear equations in two variables. Draw a graph
of two linear equations and find the point of intersection. From the point of intersection,
x co-ordinate = time taken by A to meet B.

nt
y co-ordinate = distance at which B will meet A.
Solution: Scale:
A travels a distance of 24 km with a speed of Y
On X axis: 1 cm = 1 hour
Co
4 km/hr. On Y axis: 1 cm = 2 kms
Though B starts 1 hour after A, the distance
covered by B in 4 hours is the same.
24
Distance 24
 Speed of B = = = 6 km/hr
Time 4
For A: 22
Speed = 4 km/h
e

Distance = 24 km 20
Time = 6 hours
Following is the table of distance and time for A
pl

18
i.
Distance travel 

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6
16
Distance by A: 4 8 12 16 20 24
m

For B:
14
Speed = 6 km/h
Distance = 24 km
Time = 4 hours 12 (3, 12)
Sa

Following is the table of distance and time

for B 10
ii.
Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8
Distance by B: 0 6 12 18 24
Now plot the points given in table (i) and (ii) 6
on the graph
4

2
X
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y  Time taken

18
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

The point of intersection is (3, 12).
 A and B will meet 2 hrs after B starts his journey (or A and B will meet 3 hours after A starts his
journey).
B will meet A at a distance of 12 km from the starting point.

Similar Type Question

P travels a distance of 30 km with a speed of 5 km/hr. Q starts 1 hour late than P and he covers the same
distance in 4 hours. Draw the graphs of their journey and find when and where Q will meet P.
Ans: P and Q will meet 2 hrs after Q starts his journey (or P and Q will meet 3 hours after P starts his
journey).
Q will meet P at a distance of 15 km from the starting point.

t
31. The cost of 1 chair and 1 table is ` 2000. 28000

en
 5+A= = 14
The cost of 5 chairs and some tables is 2000
` 16200. If the number of tables and chairs  A = 14 – 5 = 9
are interchanged and 5% discount is  The number of tables is 9.
allowed, I have to pay ` 11210. Find the Substituting A = 9 in equation (ii), we get
number of tables initially I proposed to 5x + 9y = 16,200 ...(iv)

nt
purchase. Find the total cost of 7 chairs and Multiplying equation (i) by 5, we get
6 tables. 5x + 5y = 10000 …(v)
Subtracting equation (v) from (iv), we get
Mathematical Viewpoint 5x + 9y = 16,200
Co
In such word problems, try to identify the 5x + 5y = 10,000
unknown quantities and using two variables – – –
frame linear equations in two variables. 4y = 6200
Solve the two equations to obtain the unknown 6200
quantities. Here, consider the cost of chair and y= = 1550
4
cost of table with two variables. Substituting y = 1550 in equation (i)
e

Solution: x + 1550 = 2000

Let the cost of a chair be ` x and that of a table x = 2000 – 1550
be ` y.  x = 450
pl

According to the first condition, the cost of 1  Total cost of 7 chairs and 6 tables
chair and 1 table is ` 2000. = 7x + 6y
= 7 × 450 + 6 × 1,550
x + y = 2000 …(i)
= 3,150 + 9,300
m

Let A be number of tables purchased. = ` 12,450

According to the second condition, the cost of
5 chairs and some tables is ` 16200.
 5x + Ay = 16200 …(ii) Similar Type Question
Sa

According to the third condition, if the number

of tables and chairs are interchanged and 5% The cost of 1 bike and 1 car is ` 3,60,000. The cost
discount is allowed, I have to pay ` 11210. of 2 bikes and some cars is ` 4,20,000. If the
95 number of cars and bikes are interchanged and 7%
 (Ax + 5y) = 11210 discount is allowed, I have to pay ` 6,13,800. Find
100
the number of cars initially I proposed to purchase.
11210  100 Find the total cost of 4 bikes and 2 cars.
 Ax + 5y =
95 Ans: The number of cars = 1,
 Ax + 5y = 11800 ...(iii) Total cost of 1 bike and 1 car = ` 8,40,000
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we get
5x + Ay + Ax + 5y = 16200 + 11800
 (5 + A)x + (A + 5)y = 28000
 (5 + A) (x + y) = 28000
 (5 + A) (2000) = 2800 ...[From (i)]
19