SYNOPSIS REPORT

" Autonomous Patrolling Robot "

PROJECT GUIDE - Mr. Muslim Rangwala

Submitted by

Name of Students Roll No

1. NAZREEN IKSAR HASAN 13

2. FARHEEN MANAWAR ANSARI 12
3. ALISHA IRFAN DESAI 01
4. KHAN TASIYA MUNIR AHMED 07

Department of Automation & Robotics

Anjuman-I-Islam Abdul Razzaq Kalsekar Polytechnic
2024-2025

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 Anjuman -I- Islam Abdul Razzaq Kalsekar Polytechnic
New Panvel
Certificate of Project Confirmation-
This is to certify that the Project title “Autonomous Patrolling Robot.”.Assigned to
group AO as a part of fulliment of academics on day of 17/10/2024.
The group has to complete the project within the academic schedule under the guidance of
Mr. Muslim Rangwala

The group has the following members

Name of Students Roll No

1. NAZREEN IKSAR HASAN 13

2. FARHEEN MANAWAR ANSARI 12
3. ALISHA IRFAN DESAI 01
4. KHAN TASIYA MUNIR AHMED 07

Mr. Muslim Rangwala

(PROJECT GUIDE)

Mr. Muslim Rangwala Mr. Zeeshan Khan

(Project coordinator) (H.O.D)

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 INDEX: PAGE NO:
Chapter 1: Abstract ......................................................................... 04

Chapter 2: Keyword ....................................................................... 05

Chapter 3: Introduction .................................................................. 06

Chapter 4: Working ................................................................... 07-08

Chapter 5: Problem Definition ....................................................... 09

Chapter 6: Project Cost, Advantages, Disadvantages .................... 11

Chapter 7: Future Planning ............................................................ 10

Chapter 8: Conclusion ................................................................... 10

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 CHAPTER 1: ABSTRACT

Abstract: Autonomous Patrolling Robot for Enhanced Surveillance

This project focuses on the development of an autonomous patrolling robot designed to
provide enhanced security through continuous surveillance. The robot autonomously patrols
a designated area, navigating through spaces, detecting potential threats, and providing real-
time alerts.

The robot operates by following a pre-defined path or dynamically adjusting its route based
on real-time sensory input. It detects obstacles and avoids collisions while maintaining its
patrol path. If the robot detects any unusual sounds, such as loud noises or alarms, it triggers
an alert to notify security personnel. Additionally, it continuously monitors its environment
for any potential security breaches, and when necessary, captures images or video footage
for further analysis.

The system is built using a Raspberry Pi 4, which processes data from the sensors and
controls the robot’s movements. The robot uses an ultrasonic sensor for distance
measurement and obstacle detection, an IR sensor for detecting obstacles and surface
changes, and a LiDAR sensor for mapping the environment and ensuring precise navigation.
A GPS module is used for location tracking, allowing the robot to patrol specific areas. The
camera module provides real-time visual surveillance, while the sound sensor detects
abnormal sounds like breaking glass or alarms, triggering immediate alerts.

The robot’s autonomy allows it to operate continuously without human intervention,

ensuring ongoing surveillance of the area. This makes it ideal for applications in security-
sensitive environments such as warehouses, offices, and outdoor facilities. By combining
real-time sensory input with autonomous decision-making, the robot enhances overall
security response, providing quick alerts and continuous monitoring.

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 CHAPTER NO 2: KEYWORDS

1. Autonomous Navigation

2. Security Surveillance

3. Real-time Monitoring

4. Obstacle Detection

5. Sound Detection

6. Environmental Mapping

7. Threat Detection

8. Robotic Path Planning

9. Sensor Integration

10.Alert System

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 CHAPTER NO 3: INTRODUCTION
In today’s rapidly evolving world, security remains a critical concern in both public and private spaces.
Traditional surveillance systems, such as CCTV cameras and security personnel, have limitations in
terms of coverage, responsiveness, and real-time threat detection. With the growing need for more
efficient, intelligent security systems, the development of autonomous patrolling robots presents a
promising solution. These robots can perform continuous, real-time monitoring of designated areas
with enhanced capabilities, making them a reliable choice for modern security applications. This
project aims to design and implement an autonomous patrolling robot using the **Raspberry Pi 4** as
the central processing unit. By integrating multiple sensors such as ultrasonic, infrared (IR), LiDAR,
GPS, camera, and sound sensors, the robot can autonomously navigate, detect threats, and respond to
environmental changes. The robot is capable of following predefined paths or dynamically adjusting its
route based on real-time sensory data, enabling it to perform continuous surveillance without human
intervention.

Our approach is inspired by past research and developments in autonomous robotics and security
systems. Previous work in this area has explored the use of basic mobile robots equipped with sensors
for obstacle detection and simple path following. However, these systems often lacked the ability to
detect real-time threats like abnormal sounds or dynamic changes in the environment. More advanced
solutions integrate sophisticated sensors but tend to be expensive or complex to implement. This
project seeks to bridge this gap by combining cost-effective and reliable components to create an
efficient, autonomous patrolling robot suitable for security applications in various environments. By
incorporating a LiDAR sensor for precise mapping, IR sensor and ultrasonic sensors for obstacle
detection, camera module for real-time visual surveillance, and a sound sensor for auditory threat
detection, the robot is designed to operate effectively in diverse security settings.

In reviewing existing literature, various autonomous surveillance robots have been developed with
differing levels of complexity and effectiveness. However, many systems either lack critical
functionality, such as auditory threat detection or real-time location tracking, or are too expensive for
widespread adoption. This project aims to overcome such limitations by developing a fully integrated,
cost-effective, and autonomous security robot. The integration of multiple sensors in a single platform
will not only enhance the robot’s ability to monitor its environment but also ensure real-time decision-
making based on its sensory input. Ultimately, this research seeks to demonstrate that with the right
combination of hardware and software, autonomous patrolling robots can offer an efficient, reliable,
and scalable solution for modern security challenges. The findings of this project will serve as a step
forward in the integration of robotics in security systems, paving the way for smarter, more responsive
surveillance in the future.

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 CHAPTER NO 4: WORKING

1. WORKING
1. Raspberry Pi 4 (Central Processing Unit)
The Raspberry Pi 4 acts as the brain of the robot, processing data from all sensors and controlling
the robot's movement and actions. It enables the robot to navigate, make decisions based on sensor
input, and trigger alarms when necessary.

2. Ultrasonic Sensor
The ultrasonic sensor measures the distance between the robot and obstacles by emitting sound
waves. It helps the robot avoid collisions by detecting nearby objects and adjusting its path
accordingly.

3. Infrared (IR) Sensor

The IR sensor detects obstacles and changes in surface conditions by emitting infrared light. It assists
with precise movement and helps the robot avoid obstacles, particularly in low-visibility conditions.

4. LiDAR Sensor
The LiDAR sensor scans the environment using laser beams, creating a 3D map of the surroundings.
It provides detailed spatial data for accurate navigation and obstacle detection.

5. GPS Module
The GPS module tracks the robot's location, allowing it to follow a predetermined patrol path. It
ensures the robot stays within the designated patrol area and can reorient itself if it goes off-course.

6. Camera Module
The camera module captures real-time video footage for surveillance. It helps in monitoring the
environment and recording incidents, providing visual evidence of security breaches or potential
threats.

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7. Sound Sensor
The sound sensor detects unusual sounds like breaking glass or alarms. It triggers an alert to notify
security personnel when a potential threat is identified through sound.

8. Motor and Motor Driver

The motors drive the robot's movement, while the motor driver controls the speed and direction
based on signals from the Raspberry Pi. This allows the robot to navigate its environment
autonomously.

9. Power Supply (Battery)

The battery provides the necessary power to all components, allowing the robot to operate
autonomously for extended periods. It is crucial for continuous surveillance and mobility.

10. Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Module (For Remote Control)

The Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module enables remote monitoring or control of the robot. Security personnel
can connect to the robot via a smartphone or computer to view real-time data, access camera footage,
or manually intervene if necessary.

11.SMS or Email Alert:

The robot can use its internet connectivity (via Wi-Fi or cellular modules) to send an SMS or email
alert with the threat details, including location (via GPS) and any relevant information (such as the
type of threat detected by the sound sensor or camera).

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 CHAPTER 05: PROBLEM DEFINITION

1. Limited Coverage in Large Areas

Human patrols can miss areas, especially in large spaces. The robot ensures continuous,
comprehensive surveillance with no blind spots.

2. Human Error and Delayed Response

Human security personnel may overlook threats due to fatigue or distraction. The robot operates
autonomously, reducing errors and enabling quicker responses.

3. Inefficient Threat Detection

Single-sensor systems are less accurate. The robot uses multiple sensors (ultrasonic, IR, LiDAR,
sound, camera) for more accurate threat detection.

4. Lack of Real-Time Alerts

Traditional systems may not provide immediate alerts. The robot triggers alarms and sends real-time
alerts via SMS or email when threats are detected.

5. Limited Autonomous Navigation

Some robots struggle to navigate complex environments. This robot uses advanced sensors and the
Raspberry Pi for smart navigation and obstacle avoidance.

6. Limited Integration of Sensor Technologies

Many systems use isolated sensors. The robot combines various sensors (camera, sound, LiDAR, GPS)
for better environmental awareness and detection.

7. Inability to Handle Environmental Variations

Robots may struggle in diverse conditions. The robot adapts to different environments using sensors
that work in low visibility or outdoor settings.

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 8. Lack of Continuous Monitoring
Human patrols may not offer continuous monitoring. The robot ensures uninterrupted surveillance and
threat detection 24/7.

9. Scalability Issues in Existing Systems

Expanding traditional systems is costly. The robot can be easily scaled by adding more units for
coverage in larger areas.

10. High Operational Costs of Human Security Personnel

Human patrols are expensive. The robot reduces reliance on personnel, providing a cost-effective
alternative while maintaining security.

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 CHAPTER NO 4: PROJECT COST, ADVANTAGES and
DISADVANTAGES.

ADVANTAGES

 Continuous Surveillance
 Reduced Human Error
 Real-Time Threat Detection
 Cost-Effective
 Scalable Solution

DISADVANTAGES

 High Initial Cost

 Limited Battery Life
 Environmental Dependency
 Maintenance Requirements

COMPONENTS AND COST

SR. COMPONENTS QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT
NO
1. Raspberry Pi 1 7500 7500
2. Camera Module 1 500 500
3. SD-CARD(32 GB) 1 450 450
4. Ultrasonic Sensor 1 100 200
(HC-HR04)

5. LiDAR Sensor 1 100 100

6. Motor Driver(L298N) 2 180 360
7. Robot Chassis 1 2000 2000
8. GPS Module 1 550 550
9. Sound Sensor (KY- 037) 1 150 150

10. DC Motors 4 150 600

Total 14 11,780/- 12,510/-
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 CHAPTER NO 5: FUTURE PLANNING

Week 1: Planning & Research

 Define project goals, milestones, and gather components.

 Research similar projects and finalize design.

Week 2: Hardware Setup

 Assemble the chassis, Raspberry Pi, and motor driver.

 Ensure basic wiring and electrical setup is complete.

Week 3: Basic Sensor Integration

 Integrate ultrasonic and IR sensors.

 Test basic obstacle detection and sensor functionality.

Week 4: Camera & Sound Sensor Integration

 Integrate camera module and sound sensor.

 Test video capture and sound alert functionality.

Week 5: GPS & Movement Control

 Integrate GPS module for location tracking.

 Implement movement control and test basic navigation.

Week 6: Autonomous Navigation & Obstacle Avoidance

 Develop pathfinding and obstacle avoidance logic.

 Test robot’s ability to navigate autonomously.

Week 7: Final Testing & Integration

 Combine all components into one system.

 Conduct full tests, troubleshoot, and finalize the robot for deployment.

Ongoing:

 Document progress, debug issues, and improve functionality throughout the project.

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 CHAPTER NO 6: CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the Autonomous Patrolling Robot project aims to enhance security by providing
continuous, autonomous surveillance using a range of sensors for detection and navigation. By
integrating technologies such as ultrasonic, IR, LiDAR, sound, camera modules, and GPS, the robot
can patrol designated areas, detect threats, and send real-time alerts. This solution addresses the
limitations of traditional human-patrolled security systems, offering reliable, cost-effective, and
scalable surveillance. Through careful integration and testing over the course of seven weeks, the
project will deliver a fully functional autonomous security robot capable of improving overall security
operations.

Reference

1) https://www.raspberrypi.com/
2) An IoT based autonomous outdoor patrol robot | IET Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore
3) Design and Development of an Autonomous Mobile Patrol Robot
4) Autonomous Patrolling Robot for Security and Monitoring
5) IJCRT2304133.pdf

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