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Doubt in torsional resistance calculation (Ixx)

Harsshh
2024.10.06

In the Midas manual, the calculation of Ixx for the I - section is done differently for thin-walled, closed
sections and thick-walled, open sections.
Can you tell how it is decided when to use which type of section for calculating Ixx?
If possible tell the meaning of thin-walled, closed sections and thick-walled, open sections too.

Harsshh
2024.10.06

Also please tell how you find the Ixx for a composite I section. give a solved example as well.

MIDAS Support Team

2024.10.07

Q.1 In the Midas manual, the calculation of Ixx for the I - section is done differently for thin-walled,
closed sections and thick-walled, open sections.Can you tell how it is decided when to use which type
of section for calculating Ixx? If possible tell the meaning of thin-walled, closed sections and thick-
walled, open sections too.

In Midas Civil calculates Ixx (torsional resistance) differently for open and closed sections, and whether they
are thin-walled or thick-walled. The determining factor for choosing the appropriate calculation method is
the
ratio of the cross-sectional dimension (e.g., a and b for rectangle)
and
the Shape of section
.
Products Resources Support MIDAS Acad

Open Sections:

Thin-walled:
These sections have no closed loops in their cross-section (e.g., I-beams, channels, angles). Midas
approximates Ixx by dividing the complex shape into smaller rectangles and summing their individual
torsional resistances using the formula: Ixx = Σ (1/3) * a * b³ (where a and b are the lengths of the
rectangular sub-section sides, with a being the longer side).

Thick-walled:
These open sections still have no closed loops, but the walls are thicker. The shear stress distribution
through the wall thickness is no longer uniform, so more complex equations that consider warping
effects are necessary (as shown in Figure 1.48 of manual).

Closed Sections:

Thin-walled:
These sections have one or more closed loops (e.g., hollow tubes, box sections). The torsional
resistance of a thin-walled closed section is much higher than that of an open section with similar
dimensions. The thin-walled approximation assumes that all the material is concentrated at the mid
line of the walls. Midas uses the formula Ixx = (4A²)/(∫ds/t) (where A is the enclosed area, ds is an
infinitesimal length along the mid line, and t is the wall thickness at that point). This is often called the
"Bredt's formula".

Thick-walled:
These sections also have closed loops, but with thicker walls. Similar to thick-walled open sections,
the shear stress distribution is not uniform, so the equations are more complex than the thin-walled
approximation (as shown in Figure 1.47 of manual).

Thin-walled approximations simplify the calculations significantly, but are only valid when the walls are
relatively thin.
The thickness of the section relative to its other dimensions and shape of section dictates which formula to
use in Midas Civil and we don’t have to select that manually. The Shape of section is selected by the user as
per the project.

Q.2 Also please tell how you find the Ixx for a composite I section. give a solved example as well.
The torsion of such sections is calculatedProducts
using a method where the section
Resources is broken down
Support MIDASinto rectangles,
Acad
the torsional constant of each of them is calculated and then the torsion of the combined section is a sum
of all the parts. In ‘Bridge Deck Behavior’ by E.C. Hambly we can find detailed information on this approach
and how to calculate the torsional constant for a single rectangle:

Using this approach, we can break section into 4 parts – bottom flange, web, top flange and slab. Each of
those is a thin rectangle and we can apply (2.18) to obtain the torsional constants and then combine them to
get the resistance of the composite section (using a modular ratio to convert the contribution of the
concrete). In case of composite girders where the slab is continuous and only part of it is effective for the
composite action with the steel girder, one more consideration has to be taken into account. The normal
distribution of torsion has the following pattern:

However, for continuous slabs the vertical components at the two ends of the slab are not present for the
general case of intermediate girders and the torsional resistance is better approximated by:
 Products Resources Support MIDAS Acad

Example:

Consider Composite Section with following Dimension

Steel and Concrete Properties:

Where, E = Young’s modulus [Pa]

G = shear modulus [Pa]
V = Poisson’s ratio
 Products Resources Support MIDAS Acad
Now if we look at the values provided by the software:

Manual calculation:

Using (2.18) for the beam parts and (3.15) for the slab we can carry out a manual calculation.
So for Flange bottom, Web and flange top part Formula is :
Ixx = b X d^3 / 3
And For Slab :
Ixx = (b X d^3 / 6 ) X Gc / Gs

A ) Before Composite:
 Products Resources Support MIDAS Acad

B ) After Composite:

Now if we look at the values provided by the software we can see these values are matching .

Hope this helps!

Please feel free to reach out if any further guidance is needed.

Regards,
Vishal
Midas IT.

Harsshh
2024.10.07
How is it decided if we need to use Hamley's approach for finding Ixx or not??
For the image attached, if I use the Hambley equation, Ixx
Products value matches.Support
Resources But if I don't tick the option forAcad
MIDAS
Hambley equation, I don't get the same value. Can you tell the other equation for finding Ixx (without using
Hamley equation)

MIDAS Support Team

2024.10.08

Hello,
Greetings!!

As shown in the image below, when

b > 5d
, Equation (2.18) is applied, and the Hambley equation is selected. For manual calculations, the Hambley
equation should be used as it is the most effective approach.
 Products Resources Support MIDAS Acad

Hope this helps!

Please feel free to reach out if any further guidance is needed.

Regards,
Vishal
Midas IT.

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Ticket details

Requester
Harsshh

Created
October 06, 2024 14:29

Last activity
October 11, 2024 10:31

Asignee
MIDAS Support Team

ID
 #31084

Products Resources Support MIDAS Acad

Status
Solved

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