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Chapter 01: Cellular Biology

Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, First Canadian Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. The student notices it to have supercoiled
DNA with histones. What else would
the student be expected to observe?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be
observed. A prokaryotic cell contains a single circular chromosome and lacks organelles.
REF: p. 1
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell
absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to produce energy is respiration. Communication involves maintenance of a
steady dynamic state, while
metabolic absorption provides cellular nutrition, and secretion allows for the delivery or release
of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Peroxisomes
b. Ribosomes
c. The nucleolus
d. Suspended in nucleoplasm
ANS: D
The region of the cell that contains genetic material is the nucleoplasm contained within the
nucleus. The nucleolus, contained
within the nucleus, is largely composed of ribosomes. Peroxisomes contain digestive enzymes.
REF: p. 2
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the
bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on
the outside of the membrane.
Glycoproteins act as cell identifiers.
REF: p. 7
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
extracellular matrix would support the
diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them
to travel or metastasize.
REF: pp. 10-11
Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2
7. What type of connection allows for cellular communication?
a. Belt desmosome
b. Gap junction
c. Spot desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: B
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular
communication.
REF: p. 12
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighbouring
alpha cells. This action is an example
of which of the following signalling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signalling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the
case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve
signalling that is associated with a
local chemical mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the
reaction. Cellular metabolism is
not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
REF: p. 16
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
athlete asks the nurse why this
happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a
deficiency of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
involved in muscle contraction.
REF: p. 17
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
generated during the citric acid cycle.
Digestion does not produce any ATP.
REF: p. 16
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the
nurse include?
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
ANS: A
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular
catabolism.
REF: p. 16
Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. 3
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following
will facilitate his continued muscle
performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of
the citric acid cycle. Aerobic
glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by
which the energy produced from
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
REF: p. 17
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute
from an area of greater to lesser
concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
ANS: B
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an
area of lesser solute
concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the movement of water across a
semipermeable membrane from a region
of higher water concentration to one of lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of
fluid against a cell membrane. In
active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.
REF: p. 19
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes?
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
d. Electrically charged molecules
ANS: D
Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made up
of protein, and they do not play a
role in ATP production.
REF: pp. 18-19
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is
determined by:
a. diffusion rate.
b. plasma proteins.
c. hydrostatic pressure.
d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
ANS: B
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. Diffusion involves
the movement of solute molecules.
Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel moving in opposition to oncotic pressure.
Membrane transporter proteins are
involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
REF: p. 20
17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This laboratory result is measuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmotic pressure.
d. oncotic pressure.
ANS: A
Osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration of
molecules per weight of water,
while osmolarity measures the number of milliosmoles per litre of solution, or the concentration
of molecules per volume of
solution. Osmotic pressure is the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic
movement of water. Oncotic
pressure is from plasma proteins, not body fluids.
REF: p. 20
Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. 4
18. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes
into the interstitial fluid surrounding the
capillary. What mechanical force is involved with this movement?
a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25 to 30 mm Hg, which is
sufficient force to push water across the
thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space. Osmosis involves the movement of fluid
from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. Diffusion is the passive
movement of a solute from an area
of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. Active transport involves
movement up a concentration
gradient.
REF: p. 20
19. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
a. By passive electrolyte channels
b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion
ANS: C
The transporter protein ATPase is directly related to sodium and potassium transport via active
transport. Electrolyte movements
require energy and do not move passively, nor are they transported by diffusion. Enzymes, not
electrolytes, are passed via coupled
channels.
REF: p. 21
20. The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of
transport?
a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport
ANS: D
When ions are transported in one direction, it is termed symport. There is no such term as biport.
Uniport refers to the movement of
a single molecule. Antiport refers to the movement of molecules in the opposite direction.
REF: p. 18
21. During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Exocytosis
ANS: C
Phagocytosis (cell eating) involves the ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, through the
formation of large vesicles.
Endocytosis involves the formation of vesicles to facilitate movement into the cell. Pinocytosis is
a type of endocytosis in which
fluids and solute molecules are ingested through the formation of small vesicles. Exocytosis
occurs when coated pits invaginate and
internalize ligand-receptor complexes in coated vesicles.
REF: p. 21
22. Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions
occur. What is this cell cycle phase
called?
a. G1
b. S
c. M
d. G2
ANS: C
The M phase includes both nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions. The G1 phase includes the period
between the M phase and the start
of DNA synthesis. The S phase includes synthesis of DNA in the cell nucleus. The G2 phase
includes RNA and protein synthesis.
REF: p. 25
Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. 5
23. Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?
a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
ANS: B
When the threshold is reached, the cell will continue to depolarize with no further stimulation.
The sodium gates open, and sodium
rushes into the cell, causing the membrane potential to reduce to zero and then become positive
(depolarization). Sodium is
involved in creating the action potential, not potassium. The sodium gate and channel must be
open, not closed. The action
potential is not affected by a change in the potassium gate.
REF: p. 24
24. What event occurs to return a cell to its resting potential?
a. K+ rushes into the cell.
b. Na+ rushes into the cell.
c. Na+-K+ pumps move Na+ and K+ out of the cell.
d. Na+-K+ pumps move Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
ANS: D
In repolarization, K+ moves to the extracellular space. For a resting potential to return, Na+ is
pumped to the extracellular space
and K+ is pumped back to the intracellular space.
REF: p. 24
25. A nurse teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor includes information that
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
stimulates the production of:
a. platelets.
b. epidermal cells.
c. connective tissue cells.
d. nerve cells.
ANS: C
Different types of cells require different growth factors; for example, PDGF stimulates the
production of connective tissue cells, but
not platelets, epidermal cells, or nerve cells.
REF: p. 26
26. The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are
pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. telophase.
c. prophase.
d. metaphase.
ANS: A
Anaphase begins when the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart. During
telophase, a new nuclear membrane
is formed around each group of 46 chromosomes, the spindle fibres disappear, and the
chromosomes begin to uncoil. During
prophase, the first appearance of chromosomes occurs. Metaphase occurs when two centrioles
located at opposite poles of the cell
pull the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.
REF: p. 25
27. What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle
c. Restrain cell growth and development
d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development
ANS: A
Cytokines play a major role in the regulation of tissue growth and development but do not
restrain it. Cytokines help overcome
intracellular braking mechanisms that restrain cell growth and promote cell growth, but they do
not provide nutrients.
REF: p. 26
28. A biopsy of the lung bronchi revealed ciliated epithelial cells that are capable of secretion and
absorption. These cells are called
_____ columnar epithelium.
a. simple
b. ciliated simple
c. stratified
d. pseudostratified ciliated
ANS: B
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found in the bronchi of the lungs. Simple columnar
epithelium is found from the stomach to
the anus. Stratified columnar epithelium is found in the lining of the epiglottis, part of the
pharynx, the anus, and the male urethra.
Pseudostratified ciliate columnar epithelium is found in the lining of the large ducts of some
glands (parotid, salivary), male
urethra, respiratory passages, and Eustachian tubes of the ears.
REF: p. 30; Table 1-6
Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. 6
29. A student is reviewing functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying a
chief function of the nerve cell as:
a. sensory interpretation.
b. conductivity.
c. maintenance of homeostasis.
d. communication.
ANS: B
Conductivity, not sensory interpretation, homeostasis, or communication, is one of the eight
chief functions of nerve cells.
REF: p. 2
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. A nurse recalls that which of the following are the basic types of tissues? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Nerve
b. Epithelial
c. Mucosal
d. Connective
e. Skeletal
f. Muscle
ANS: A, B, D, F
The basic tissue types include nerve, epithelial, connective, and muscle. Mucosal is a type of
epithelial cell, while skeletal is a type
of connective tissue.
REF: p. 27
2. Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. They contain no organelles.
b. Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane.
c. They contain a distinct nucleus.
d. They contain histones.
e. They contain a cellular membrane.
ANS: A, B, C
The prokaryotes have a cellular membrane, but lack a nuclear membrane that encases nuclear
material; thus, they have no distinct
nucleus; organelles and histones are also missing.
REF: p. 1
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
notes on the case. One Abraham Thornton was tried at the Warwick
assizes for the murder of Mary Ashford, and acquitted. The brother
and next of kin of the deceased, not being satisfied with the verdict,
sued out, as the law allowed him, an appeal against Thornton, by
which he could be put on his trial again. The law allowed the appeal
in case of murder, and it also gave option to the accused of having it
tried by wager of law or by wager of battle. The brother of the
unfortunate woman had taken no account of this, and accordingly,
not only Mr. Ashford, but the judge, jury, and bar were taken greatly
aback, and stricken with dismay when the accused, being requested
to plead, took a paper from Mr. Reader, his counsel, and a pair of
gloves, one of which he drew on, and, throwing the other on the
ground, exclaimed, “Not guilty; and I am ready to defend the same
with my body!” Lord Ellenborough on the bench appeared grave, and
the accuser looked amazed, so the court was adjourned to enable
the judge to have an opportunity of conferring with his learned
brethren. After several adjournments, Lord Ellenborough at last
declared solemnly, but reluctantly, that wager of battle was still the
law of the land, and that the accused had a right of appeal to it. To
get rid of the law an attempt was made, by passing a short and
speedy Act of Parliament, but this was ruled impossible, as it would
have been ex post facto, and people wanted curiously to see the lists
set up in the Tothill Fields. As Mr. Ashford refused to meet Thornton,
he was obliged to cry “craven!” After that the appellor was allowed
to go at large, and he could not be again tried by wager of law after
having claimed his wager of battle. In 1819 an Act was passed to
prevent any further appeals for wager of battle.
The following is copied from a gravestone in Saddleworth
churchyard, and tells a painful story:—
Here lies interred the dreadfully bruised and lacerated bodies of
William Bradbury and Thomas his son, both of Greenfield, who were
together savagely murdered, in an unusually horrible manner, on
Monday night, April 2nd, 1832, old William being 84, and Thomas 46
years old.
 Throughout the land, wherever news is read,
Intelligence of their sad death has spread;
Those now who talk of far-fam’d Greenfield’s hills
Will think of Bill i’ Jacks and Tom o’ Bills.

Such interest did their tragic end excite

That, ere they were removed from human sight,
Thousands upon thousands daily came to see
The bloody scene of the catastrophe.
One house, one business, and one bed,
And one most shocking death they had;
One funeral came, one inquest pass’d,
And now one grave they have at last.
The following on a Hull character is from South Cave churchyard:—
In memory of Thomas Scatchard,
Who dy’d rich in friends, Dec. 10, 1809.
Aged 58 years.
That Ann lov’d Tom, is very true,
Perhaps you’ll say, what’s that to you.
Who e’er thou art, remember this,
Tom lov’d Ann, ’twas that made bliss.
In Welton churchyard, near Hull, the next curious inscription appears
on an old gravestone:—
Here lieth He ould Jeremy, who hath eight times maried been, but
now in his ould Age, he lies in his cage, under The gras so Green,
which Jeremiah Simpson departed this life in the 84 yeare of his age, in
the year of our Lord 1719.
Mr. J. Potter Briscoe favours us with an account of a famous local
character, and a copy of his epitaph. According to Mr. Briscoe,
Vincent Eyre was by trade a needle-maker, and was a firm and
consistent Tory in politics, taking an active interest in all the party
struggles of the period. His good nature and honesty made him
popular among the poor classes, with whom he chiefly associated. A
commendable trait in his character is worthy of special mention,
namely, that, notwithstanding frequent temptations, he spurned to
take a bribe from any one. In the year 1727 an election for a
Member of Parliament took place, and all the ardour of Vin’s nature
was at once aroused in the interests of his favourite party. The Tory
candidate, Mr. Borlase Warren, was opposed by Mr. John Plumtree,
the Whig nominee, and, in the heat of the excitement, Vin
emphatically declared that he should not mind dying immediately if
the Tories gained the victory. Strange to relate, such an event
actually occurred, for when the contest and the “chairing” of the
victor was over, he fell down dead with joy, September 6th, 1727.
The epitaph upon him is as follows:—
Here lies Vin Eyre;
Let fall a tear
For one true man of honour;
No courtly lord,
Who breaks his word,
Will ever be a mourner.
In freedom’s cause
He stretched his jaws,
Exhausted all his spirit,
Then fell down dead.
It must be said
He was a man of merit.
Let Freemen be
As brave as he,
And vote without a guinea;
Vin Eyre is hurled
To t’other world,
And ne’er took bribe or penny.
True to his friend, to helpless parent kind,
He died in honour’s cause, to interest blind.
Why should we grieve life’s but an airy toy?
We vainly weep for him who died of joy.
We will next give some account of an eccentric Lincolnshire
schoolmaster, named William Teanby, who resided for many years at
Winterton. Respecting the early years of his career we have not
been able to obtain any information. At the age of 30, he was
engaged as a school-master in the vestry of Winterton church. He
had many scholars, and continued teaching until he had attained a
very advanced age. Some years before his death a gravestone was
ordered, whereon he cut in ancient court hand the epitaph of his
wife and children. From this slab he mostly took his food, and long
before his death, placed on two pieces of wood, it served him for a
table. After the epitaph of his wife and children, he left a vacancy for
his own name and age, to be inserted by a friend, which was done
at his death. The coffin in which he proposed being buried was used
by him a considerable time as a cupboard. The old man retained
perfect possession of his senses to the last, and at the age of 95
attended the Lincoln assizes, and gave away as curiosities, many
circular pieces of paper for watches, not larger than half-a-crown, on
which he had written the Lord’s prayer and creed. He was habitually
serious. Through attending his school in the church, he became
familiar with the house of death; in feasting from his stone slab, he
enjoyed his meals from the very source which was afterwards to
record the events of his life; and in what was his every day cupboard
he now enjoys a peaceful and quiet rest. He passed away at the
advanced age of 97. The tombstone bears the following lines:—
To us grim death but sadly harsh appears,
Yet all the ill we feel, is in our fears;
To die is but to live, upon that shore
Where billows never beat, nor tempests roar;
For ere we feel its probe, the pang is o’er;
The wife, by faith, insulting death defies;
The poor man resteth in yon azure skies;—
That home of ease the guilty ne’er can crave,
Nor think to dwell with God, beyond the grave;—
It eases lovers, sets the captive free,
And though a tyrant he gives liberty.
The following lines also appear on the same stone:—
Death’s silent summons comes unto us all,
And makes a universal funeral!—
Spares not the tender babe because it’s young,
Youth too, and its men in years, and weak and strong!
Spares not the wicked, proud, and insolent,
Neither the righteous, just, nor innocent;
All living souls, must pass the dismal doom
Of mournful death, to join the silent tomb.
The following lines to the memory of Thomas Stokes are from his
gravestone in Burton churchyard, upon which a profile of his head is
cut. He for many years swept the roads in Burton:—
This stone
was raised by Subscription
to the memory of
Thomas Stokes,
an eccentric, but much respected,
Deaf and Dumb man,
better known by the name of
“Dumb Tom,”
who departed this life Feb. 25th, 1837,
aged 54 years.

What man can pause and charge this senseless dust

With fraud, or subtilty, or aught unjust?
How few can conscientiously declare
Their acts have been as honourably fair?
No gilded bait, no heart ensnaring need
Could bribe poor Stokes to one dishonest deed.
Firm in attachment to his friends most true—
Though Deaf and Dumb, he was excell’d by few.
Go ye, by nature form’d without defect,
And copy Tom, and gain as much respect.
Next we deal with an instance of pure affection. The churchyard of
the Yorkshire village of Bowes contains the grave of two lovers,
whose touching fate suggested Mallet’s beautiful ballad of “Edward
and Emma.” The real names of the couple were Rodger Wrightson
and Martha Railton. The story is rendered with no less accuracy than
pathos by the poet:—
Far in the windings of the vale,
Fast by a sheltering wood,
The safe retreat of health and peace,
A humble cottage stood.

There beauteous Emma nourished fair,

Beneath a mother’s eye;
Whose only wish on earth was now
To see her blest and die.

Long had she filled each youth with love,

Each maiden with despair,
And though by all a wonder owned,
Yet knew not she was fair.

Till Edwin came, the pride of swains,

A soul devoid of art;
And from whose eyes, serenely mild,
Shone forth the feeling heart.
We are told that Edwin’s father and sister were bitterly opposed to
their love. The poor youth pined away. When he was dying Emma,
was permitted to see him, but the cruel sister would scarcely allow
her to bid him a word of farewell. Returning home, she heard the
passing bell toll for the death of her lover—
Just then she reached, with trembling step,
Her aged mother’s door—
“He’s gone!” she cried, “and I shall see
That angel face no more!”
 “I feel, I feel this breaking heart
Beat high against my side”—
From her white arm down sunk her head;
She, shivering, sighed, and died.
The lovers were buried the same day and in the same grave. In the
year 1848, Dr. F. Dinsdale, F.S.A., editor of the “Ballads and Songs of
David Mallet,” etc., erected a simple but tasteful monument to the
memory of the lovers, bearing the following inscription:—
Rodger Wrightson, junr., and Martha Railton, both of Bowes; buried in
one grave. He died in a fever, and upon tolling his passing bell, she
cry’d out My heart is broke, and in a few hours expired, purely thro’
love, March 15, 1714-15. Such is the brief and touching record
contained in the parish register of burials. It has been handed down
by unvarying tradition that the grave was at the west end of the
church, directly beneath the bells. The sad history of these true and
faithful lovers forms the subject of Mallet’s pathetic ballad of “Edwin
and Emma.”[2]
In St. Peter’s churchyard, Barton-on-Humber, there is a tombstone
with the following strange inscription:—
Doom’d to receive half my soul held dear,
The other half with grief, she left me here.
Ask not her name, for she was true and just;
Once a fine woman, but now a heap of dust.
As may be inferred, no name is given; the date is 1777. A curious
and romantic legend attaches to the epitaph. In the above year an
unknown lady of great beauty, who is conjectured to have loved “not
wisely, but too well,” came to reside in the town. She was
accompanied by a gentleman, who left her after making lavish
arrangements for her comfort. She was proudly reserved in her
manners, frequently took long solitary walks, and studiously avoided
all intercourse. In giving birth to a child she died, and did not
disclose her name or family connections. After her decease, the
gentleman who came with her arrived, and was overwhelmed with
grief at the intelligence which awaited him. He took the child away
without unravelling the secret, having first ordered the stone to be
erected, and delivered into the mason’s hands the verse, which is at
once a mystery and a memento. Such are the particulars gathered
from “The Social History and Antiquities of Barton-on-Humber,” by H.
W. Ball, issued in 1856. Since the publication of Mr. Ball’s book, we
have received from him the following notes, which mar somewhat
the romantic story as above related. We are informed that the
person referred to in the epitaph was the wife of a man named
Jonathan Burkitt, who came from the neighbourhood of Grantham.
He had been valet de chambre to some gentleman or nobleman,
who gave him a large sum of money on his marrying the lady. They
came to reside at Barton, where she died in childbirth. Burkitt, after
the death of his wife, left the town, taking the infant (a boy), who
survived. In about three years he returned, and married a Miss
Ostler, daughter of an apothecary at Barton. He there kept the King’s
Head, a public-house at that time. The man got through about
£2000 between leaving Grantham and marrying his second wife.
On the north wall of the chancel of Southam Church is a slab to the
memory of the Rev. Samuel Sands, who, being embarrassed in
consequence of his extensive liberality, committed suicide in his
study (now the hall of the rectory). The peculiarity of the inscription,
instead of suppressing inquiry, invariably raises curiosity respecting
it:—
Near this place was deposited, on the 23rd April, 1815, the remains
of S. S., 38 years rector of this parish.
In Middleton Tyas Church, near Richmond, is the following:—
This Monument rescues from Oblivion
the Remains of the Reverend John Mawer, D.D.,
Late vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18, 1763, aged 60.
As also of Hannah Mawer, his wife, who died
 Dec. 20th, 1766, aged 72.
Buried in this Chancel.
They were persons of eminent worth.
The Doctor was descended from the Royal Family
of Mawer, and was inferior to none of his illustrious
ancestors in personal merit, being the greatest
Linguist this Nation ever produced.
He was able to speak & write twenty-two Languages,
and particularly excelled in the Eastern Tongues,
in which he proposed to His Royal Highness
Frederick Prince of Wales, to whom he was firmly
attached, to propagate the Christian Religion
in the Abyssinian Empire; a great & noble
Design, which was frustrated by the
Death of that amiable Prince; to the great mortification of
this excellent Person, whose merit meeting with
no reward in this world, will, it’s to be hoped, receive
it in the next, from that Being which Justice
only can influence.
 MISCELLANEOUS EPITAPHS.

e bring together under this heading a number of specimens

that we could not include in the foregoing chapters of
classified epitaphs.
Our example is from Bury St. Edmunds churchyard:—
Here lies interred the Body of
Mary Haselton,
A young maiden of this town,
Born of Roman Catholic parents,
And virtuously brought up,
Who, being in the act of prayer
Repeating her vespers,
Was instantaneously killed by a
flash of Lightning, August 16th,
1785. Aged 9 years.

Not Siloam’s ruinous tower the victims slew,

Because above the many sinn’d the few,
Nor here the fated lightning wreaked its rage
By vengeance sent for crimes matur’d by age.
For whilst the thunder’s awful voice was heard,
The little suppliant with its hands uprear’d,
Addressed her God in prayers the priest had taught,
His mercy craved, and His protection sought;
Learn reader hence that wisdom to adore,
Thou canst not scan and fear His boundless power;
Safe shalt thou be if thou perform’st His will,
Blest if he spares, and more blest should He kill.
A lover at York inscribed the following lines to his sweetheart, who
was accidentally drowned, December 24, 1796:—
Nigh to the river Ouse, in York’s fair city,
Unto this pretty maid death shew’d no pity;
As soon as she’d her pail with water fill’d
Came sudden death, and life like water spill’d.
An accidental death is recorded on a tombstone in Burton Joyce
churchyard, placed to the memory of Elizabeth Cliff, who died in
1835:—
This monumental stone records the name
Of her who perished in the night by flame
Sudden and awful, for her hoary head;
She was brought here to sleep amongst the dead.
Her loving husband strove to damp the flame
Till he was nearly sacrificed the same.
Her sleeping dust, tho’ by thee rudely trod,
Proclaims aloud, prepare to meet thy God.
We are told that a tombstone in Creton churchyard states:—
On a Thursday she was born,
On a Thursday made a bride,
On a Thursday put to bed,
On a Thursday broke her leg, and
On a Thursday died.
From Ashburton we have the following:—
Here I lie, at the chancel door,
Here I lie, because I’m poor;
The farther in, the more you pay,
Here I lie as warm as they.
In the churchyard of Kirk Hallam, Derbyshire, a good specimen of a
true Englishman is buried, named Samuel Cleater, who died May 1st,
1811, aged 65 years. The two-lined epitaph has such a genuine,
sturdy ring about it, that it deserves to be rescued from oblivion:—
True to his King, his country was his glory,
When Bony won, he said it was a story.
A monument in Bakewell church, Derbyshire is a curiosity, blending
as it does in a remarkable manner, business, loyalty, and religion:—
To the memory of Matthew Strutt, of this town, farrier, long famed in
these parts for veterinary skill. A good neighbour, and a staunch
friend to Church and King. Being Churchwarden at the time the
present peal of bells were hung, through zeal for the house of God,
and unremitting attention to the airy business of the belfry, he
caught a cold, which terminated his existence May 25, 1798, in the
68th year of his age.
In Tideswell churchyard, among several other singular gravestone
inscriptions, the following occurs, and is worth reprinting:—
In Memory of
Brian, Son of John and Martha Haigh,
who died 22nd December, 1795,
Aged 17 years.

Come honest sexton, with thy spade,

And let my grave be quickly made;
Make my cold bed secure and deep,
That, undisturbed, my bones may sleep,
Until that great tremendous day,
When from above a voice shall say,—
“Awake, ye dead, lift up your eyes,
Your great Creator bids you rise!”
Then, free from this polluted dust,
I hope to be amongst the just.
The old church of St. Mary’s, Sculcoates, Hull, contains several
interesting monuments, and we give a sketch of one, a quaint-
looking mural memorial, having on it an inscription in short-hand. In
Sheahan’s “History of Hull,” the following translation is given:—
In the vault beneath this stone lies the body of Mrs. Jane Delamoth,
who departed this life, 10th January, 1761. She was a poor sinner,
but not wicked without holiness, departing from good works, and
departed in the Faith of the Catholic Church, in full assurance of
eternal happiness, by the agony and bloody sweat, by the cross and
passion, by the precious death and burial, by the glorious
resurrection and ascension of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,
Amen.
We believe that the foregoing is a unique epitaph, at all events we
have not heard of or seen any other monumental inscription in
short-hand.
The following curious epitaph is from Wirksworth, Derbyshire:—
 Near this place lies the body of
Philip Shullcross,
Once an eminent Quill-driver to the attorneys in this Town. He died
the 17th of Nov. 1787, aged 67.
Viewing Philip in a moral light, the most prominent and remarkable
features in his character were his zeal and invincible attachment to
dogs and cats, and his unbounded benevolence towards them, as
well as towards his fellow-creatures.
To the Critic.
Seek not to show the devious paths Phil trode,
Nor tear his frailties from their dread abode,
In modest sculpture let this tombstone tell,
That much esteem’d he lived, and much regretted fell.
At Castleton, in the Peak of Derbyshire, is another curious epitaph,
partly in English and partly in Latin, to the memory of an attorney-
at-law named Micah Hall, who died in 1804. It is said to have been
penned by himself, and is more epigrammatic than reverent. It is as
follows:—
To
The memory of
Micah Hall, Gentleman,
Attorney-at-Law,
Who died on the 14th of May, 1804,
Aged 79 years.

Quid eram, nescitis;

Quid sum, nescitis;
Ubi abii, nescitis;
Valete.
This verse has been rendered thus:—
 What I was you know not—
What I am you know not—
Whither I am gone you know not—
Go about your business.
In Sarnesfield churchyard, near Weobley, is the tombstone of John
Abel, the celebrated architect of the market-houses of Hereford,
Leominster, Knighton, and Brecknock, who died in the year 1694,
having attained the ripe old age of ninety-seven. The memorial
stone is adorned with three statues in kneeling posture, representing
Abel and his two wives; and also displayed are the emblems of his
profession—the rule, the compass, and the square—the whole being
designed and sculptured by himself. The epitaph, a very quaint one,
was also of his own writing, and runs thus:—
This craggy stone a covering is for an architector’s bed;
That lofty buildings raisèd high, yet now lyes low his head;
His line and rule, so death concludes, are lockèd up in store;
Build they who list, or they who wist, for he can build no
more.

His house of clay could hold no longer,

May Heaven’s joy build him a stronger.
John Abel.
Vive ut vivas in vitam æternam.
The following inscription copied from a monument at Darfield, near
Barnsley, records a murder which occurred on the spot where the
stone is placed:—
Sacred
To the Memory of
Thomas Depledge,
Who was murdered at Darfield,
On the 11th of October, 1841.

At midnight drear by this wayside

 A murdered man poor Depledge died,
The guiltless victim of a blow
Aimed to have brought another low,
From men whom he had never harmed
By hate and drunken passions warmed.
Now learn to shun in youth’s fresh spring
The courses which to ruin bring.
The following singular verse occurs upon a tombstone contiguous to
the chancel door in Grindon churchyard, near Leek, Staffordshire:—
Farewell, dear friends; to follow me prepare;
Also our loss we’d have you to beware,
And your own business mind. Let us alone,
For you have faults great plenty of your own.
Judge not of us, now We are in our Graves
Lest ye be Judg’d and awfull Sentence have;
For Backbiters, railers, thieves, and liars,
Must torment have in Everlasting Fires.
 Bibliography of Epitaphs.
Addison, Joseph. Westminster Abbey, the Spectator, Nos. 26 and
329.
Alden, Rev. Timothy. A Collection of American Epitaphs; New York,
1814, 12mo., 5 vols.
Andrews, William, F.R.H.S. Gleanings from Yorkshire Graveyards,
Yorkshire Magazine, vol. 2, pp. 95-6; Epitaphs on Sportsmen,
Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, July 24th and 31st,
1880. Curious Epitaphs, Chambers’s Journal, vol. 55, pp. 570-
572. Many articles in the Argonaut, Eastern Morning News,
Fireside, Hand and Heart, Hull Miscellany, Hull News, Long Ago,
Newcastle Courant, Notes and Queries, Notes about Notts.,
Nottingham Daily Guardian, Oldham Chronicle, Press News,
Reliquary, Whitaker’s Journal, Yorkshireman, and about fifty
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Anthologia: A Collection of Ludicrous Epitaphs and Epigrams; 1807,
12mo.
Appleby, Henry Calvert, Hull. Shakespeare and Epitaphs.
“Miscellanea,” edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S., pp. 28-32.
Archer, Capt. J. H. Lawrence. The Monumental Inscriptions of the
British West Indies, from the earliest date, with Genealogical
and Historical Annotations from original, local, and other
sources, illustrative of the Histories and Genealogies of the 17th
and 18th Centuries. London: Chatto and Windus, 1875, 4to.
Capt. Archer collected these epitaphs during the years 1858 and
1864-5, in the colonies of Jamaica and Barbadoes. The above is
a very interesting volume.
Asiaticus: Sketches of Bengal, Epitaphs in Burial Grounds round
Calcutta. Calcutta, 1803, 8vo, 2 parts in 1 vol.
Bancroft, Thos. Two Books of Epigrammes and Epitaphs, Dedicated
to two Top Branches of Gentry: Sir Charles Shirley, Bart., and
William Davenport, Esq. London: printed by J. Okes, for
Matthew Walbancke, and are to be sold at his shop in Grayes-
Inne-gate, 1639, 4to, 86 pp.
Barker, T. B. Abney Park Cemetery: a Complete Guide to every part
of this beautiful Depository of the Dead; with Historical Sketches
of Stoke Newington. London, n.d. [1869], 8vo.
[Benham, Mrs. Edward]. Among the Tombs of Colchester.
Colchester: Benham and Co., 1880, 8vo, 76 pp.
Blacker, Rev. Beaver Henry, M.A. Monumental Inscriptions in the
Parish Church of Cheltenham. London, 1877, 4to. Privately
Printed.
Monumental Inscriptions in the Parish Church of Charlton Kings; with
Extracts from the Registers, etc., 1871.
Blanchard, L. The Cemetery at Kensal Green: the Grounds and
Monuments. London: 1843, 8vo.
Booth, Rev. John, M.A. Metrical Epitaphs, Ancient and Modern.
London and Eton: Bickers and Son, 1868, 12mo., pp. xxiv-215.
Bowden, John, Stonemason of Chester. The Epitaph Writer;
consisting of upwards of six hundred original Epitaphs; Moral,
Admonitory, Humorous, and Satirical. London, 1791, 12mo.
[Boyd, Rev. A. K. H.] Concerning Churchyards; by A. K. H. B. Fraser’s
Magazine, vol. 58, pp. 47-59.
Boyd, H. S. Tributes to the Dead, in a series of Ancient Epitaphs
translated from the Greek, 1826, 12mo.
Brown, James, Keeper of the Grounds, and author of the “Deeside
Guide.” The Epitaphs and Monumental Inscriptions in Grey
Friars’ Churchyard, Edinburgh; collected by James Brown.
Compiled and Edited [by J. Moodie Miller], with an Introduction
by D[avid] L[aing, LL.D.] Edinburgh: J. Moodie Miller, 1867; 8vo,
pp. lxxxiv-360, (and 23 illustrations.)
Caldwell, Thomas. A Select Collection of Ancient and Modern
Epitaphs and Inscriptions. London, 1796, 12mo.
Cansick, Frederick Teague. A Collection of Curious and Interesting
Epitaphs copied from the Monuments of Distinguished and
Noted Characters in the Ancient Church and Burial Grounds of
St. Pancras, Middlesex. London: J. R. Smith; 1869-72, 8vo, 2
vols.
Cemeteries, The, and Catacombs of Paris, Quarterly Review, vol. 21,
pp. 359-398.
Churchyard Gleanings, or, a Collection of Epitaphs and Monumental
Inscriptions. Derby: Published by Thomas Richardson; n.d., 8vo,
24 pp., and a large folding plate.
Churchyard Lyrist: consisting of five hundred original Inscriptions to
commemorate the dead; 1832.
Churchyard, The Seaside. Household Words, vol. 2, pp. 257-262.
Churchyard Wanderings. Colburn’s New Monthly Magazine, vol. 5,
pp. 84-91.
Clark, Benjamin. Hand-book for Visitors to Kensal Green Cemetery. A
new edition, with additions. London: Masters, 1843, 12mo., pp.
xvi-108.
Clay, Edward. An History and Topographical Description of
Framlingham, Interspersed with explanatory notes, poetical
extracts, and translations of the Latin Inscriptions. Halesworth,
n.d. [1810], 8vo, 144 pp., with two plates of the Castle.
Cobbe, Frances Power. French and English Epitaphs. Temple Bar, vol.
22, pp. 349-357.
Collinson, G. Cemetery Interments. London: Longman, 1840.
Counties of England, The, and their Quaint Old Lays and Epitaphs.
Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine, n.s., vol. 26, pp. 399-400.
The epitaphs in this article are collected from “Ye New and Complete
British Traveller.”
Croft, H. J., Guide to Kensal Green Cemetery, new edition. London,
1867, 8vo.
Crull, Jodocus, M.D. The Antiquities of St. Peter’s, or the Abbey
Church of Westminster: containing all the Inscriptions, Epitaphs,
&c., upon the Tombs and Gravestones; London, 1711, 8vo.
Second edition, London, 1715, 8vo; third edition, vol. 1, edited
by H. S., vol. 2, by J. R., London, 1722, 8vo, 2 vols.; fourth
edition, London, 1741, 8vo, 2 vols.; fifth edition, London, 1742,
8vo, 2 vols.
Dart, Rev. John. The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church
of Canterbury, And the Once-Adjoining Monastery, &c.; London:
Printed and sold by J. Cole, Engraver, at the Crown in Great
Kirby St., Hatton Garden, and J. Hoddle, Engraver, in Bridewell
Precinct, near Fleet Bridge, mdccxxvi, fol., pp. ix-204; Appendix,
pp. i-lvi, [With Illustrations.]
There is, in the above history, (pp. 39-91), a survey of the
monuments in Canterbury Cathedral, with the inscriptions on
the monuments and tombstones, and 27 plates.
[Diprose, John]. Diprose’s Book of Epitaphs: Humorous, Eccentric,
Ancient, and Remarkable. London: Diprose and Bateman,
Lincoln’s Inn Fields, n.d., [1879, 1880], 8vo, 80 pp.
Duncan, Andrew, M.D., M.P. Monumental Inscriptions selected from
the Burial Grounds at Edinburgh; 1815, 8vo, 108 pp.
E., D. Stray Thoughts on Monumental Inscriptions. Christian
Observer, vol. 6, pp. 609-619.
Epigrams and Epigraphs, by the author of “Proverbial Folk-Lore,”
n.d., 8vo, 176 pp.
Epitaph, Encyclopædia Brittannica, eighth edition, vol. 9, pp. 282-
283; ninth edition, pp. 493-496.
——, Penny Encyclopædia, vol. 9, pp. 482-483.
Epitaphial Memorablia. Dublin University Magazine, vol. 55, pp. 580-
585.
Epitaphs. Chambers’s Journal, vol. 46, pp. 124-126.
——, Ancient and Modern,—Chambers’s Journal, vol. 37, pp. 141-
143.
——, Ancient and Modern in four parts; n.d., 8vo.
——, Bibliographical, The Bibliographer, vol. 1, pp. 81-82.
In this article there are epitaphs on Caxton, John Daye, Christopher
Barker, John Foster, first printer of Boston, U.S., John
Baskerville, Adam Williamson, and Rev. John Cotton.
——, Collection of, and Inscriptions, 1802, 12mo.
——, Collection of, A, and Monumental Inscriptions. Historical,
Biographical, Literary, and Miscellaneous; with an Essay by
Samuel Johnson, LL.D., London: 1806, 12mo., 2 vols.
——, Collection, A, of Curious and Interesting, copied from the
existing monuments of distinguished and noted characters in
the Churches and Churchyards of Hornsey, Tottenham, Enfield,
Edmonton, Barnet, and Hadley, in the county of Middlesex,
1875, 8vo, with plates and arms.
——, On, and Elegiac Inscriptions. Dublin University Magazine, vol.
40, pp. 206-212.
——, Original Collection, An, of Extant Epitaphs, gathered by a
‘Commercial’ in Spare Moments. London: Maiben, 1870, 8vo.
——, Original and Selected, with an Historical and Moral Essay on
the subject; by a Clergyman, 1840, 8vo.
——, Scriptural, London: Smith and Elder, 1847, 18mo.
——, Select Collection of, A, not to be found in any other; dedicated
to the Archbishops and Bishops. London, 1754, 8vo.
——, Some Curious, Chambers’s Journal, vol. 57, pp. 666-668.
——, Traders’, Chambers’s Journal, vol. 50, pp. 377-379.
—— and Epigrams. The Norfolk Garland, 1872, 8vo, pp. 142-147.
[Epitaphs on W. Slater, the Yarmouth Stage Coachman, Micaiah
Sage, Sir Thomas Hare, Bart., Beatrice, wife of John Guavor,
John Dowe, Thomas Allyn and his two wives, Robert Gilbert,
Prebendary J. Spendlove and his wife, Richard Corbet, D.D.,
William Inglott, Organist of Norwich Cathedral, Tom Page.]
—— and Epigrams, Curious, Quaint, and Amusing, from various
sources. London: Palmer, 1869, 12mo., 120 pp.
Fairley, W., F.S. S., Mining Engineer. Epitaphiana: or, The Curiosities
of Churchyard Literature. Being a Miscellaneous Collection of
Epitaphs. With an Introduction, giving an account of the various
customs prevailing amongst the Ancients and Moderns in the
Disposal of their Dead. London: Samuel Tinsley, 1873, 8vo, pp.
viii-171.
Fisher, P., The Catalogue of most of the Memorable Tombes, Grave-
stones, Plates, Escutcheons, or Atchievements in the demolisht
or yet extant Churches of London, from St. Katherine’s beyond
the Tower to Temple Barre. London, 1668, 4to. There were two
 other editions of this work published in 1670, and 1684. The
Tombes, Monuments, and Sepulchral Inscriptions, lately visible
in St. Paul’s Cathedral, and St. Faith’s under it, completely
rendered in Latin and English, with several discourses on sundry
persons entombed therein. London, 1684, 4to.
Frobisher, Nathaniel. New Select Collection of Epitaphs; Humorous,
Whimsical, Moral, and Satyrical. “The House appointed for all
living,” Job. [Round a view of a church and churchyard].
London: Printed for Nathaniel Frobisher, in the Pavement, York;
n.d., [1790], 8vo, 216 pp., [With an engraved title].
Gardiner, Richard. An Elegy on the Death of Lady Asgill, Lady of Sir
Charles Asgill, Knt., and Alderman of London; to which is added,
An Epitaph on the late Sir Edmund Bacon, Bart., of Gillingham,
in the county of Norfolk. London, 1754, fol.
Garrick, David. Epitaphs on Claudy Philips, A Lady’s Bullfinch, A
Clergyman, William Hogarth, James Quin, Sterne, Mr. Holland,
Mr. Beighton, Whitehead, Howard. Poetical Works, 1785, 12mo.,
2 vols., vol. 2, pp. 480-486.
Gibson, James. Inscriptions on the Tombstones and Monuments
erected in Memory of the Covenanters. With Historical
Introduction and Notes. Glasgow: Dunn and Wright, 176
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plates].
The above interesting sketches were written for the Ardrossan and
Saltcoats Herald, and appeared in that paper during the spring
and summer of 1875.
Graham, William. A Collection of Epitaphs and Monumental
Inscriptions, Ancient and Modern; with an Emblematical
Frontispiece, [Lanercost Priory, Camb.]. Second edition; London:
for T. and J. Allman, 1823, 8vo, pp. iv-320.
Hackett, John, late Commoner of Balliol College, Oxford. Select and
Remarkable Epitaphs on Illustrious and other Persons in Several
Parts of Europe. With Translations of such as are in Latin and
Foreign Languages. And Compendious Accounts of the
Deceased, their Lives and Works. London: Printed for T.
Osborne and J. Shipton, in Gray’s Inn, 1757, 8vo, 2 vols., pp.
288, 246, and Indexes, (22 pp.)
Hall-Stevenson, John. Works: containing Crazy Tales, Fables for
grown Gentlemen, Lyric Epistles, Pastoral Cordial, Pastoral Puke,
Macarony Fables, Monkish Epitaphs. London, 1793-5, 8vo, 3
vols.
Hare, Augustus J. C. Epitaphs for Country Churchyards, Collected
and Arranged. Oxford: Parker and Co., 1856, 12mo., 70 pp.
Harrison, Rev. F. Bayford, Churchyard Poetry, Macmillan’s Magazine,
vol. 47, pp. 296-302.
Henney, William, of Hammersmith. A New and Improved Edition of
Moral and Interesting Epitaphs, and Remarkable Monumental
Inscriptions in England and America, to which are added Poems
on Life, Death, and Eternity. Printed for and sold only by the
Editor. Ninth edition, with additions, n.d., 8vo, 60 pp.; another
edition, 1814, 12mo.
Hervey, James, M.A. Meditations among the Tombs. In a Letter to a
Lady. Meditations and Contemplations, 1779, 8vo, 2 vols., vol 1,
pp. 1-112.
Huddersford, George, M.A. The Uricamical Chaplet, a Selection of
Original Poetry; comprising smaller Poems, Serious and Comic,
Classical Trifles, Sonnets, Inscriptions and Epitaphs, Songs and
Ballads, Mock-Heroic Epigrams, Fragments, &c. London, 1805,
8vo.
Inscriptions upon the Tombs and Gravestones in the Dissenters’
Burial Place, near Bunhill Fields. London, 1717, 8vo.
J., W. Illustrated Guide to Kensal Green Cemetery. London, 1861,
8vo.
[James, J. A.] Bunhill Memorials; Sacred Reminiscences of three
hundred Ministers and other Persons of note who are buried in
Bunhill Fields, of every Denomination, with the Inscriptions on
their Tombs and Gravestones. 1849, 8vo.
Jones, James, Gent. Sepulchrorum Inscriptiones: or, a Curious
Collection of above Nine Hundred of the most Remarkable
Epitaphs, Antient and Modern, Serious and Merry; In the
Kingdoms of Great Britain, Ireland, &c. In English Verse.
Faithfully collected. Westminster, 1727, 8vo.
Johnson, Samuel, LL.D. An Essay on Epitaphs. Gentleman’s
Magazine, vol. 10, pp. 593-596. Also included in his Works,
Edited by Arthur Murphy, 1792, 12 vols., 8vo, vol. ii, pp. 270-
280.
Essay on Pope’s Epitaphs. “Lives of the Most Eminent Poets.” [1801],
vol. 3, pp. 199-217.
This Essay was first contributed to The Universal Visitor, and
afterwards included in the “Lives of the Poets,” where it is
placed at the end of the Life of Pope, and is reprinted in the
“Works of Dr. Johnson,” [vol. xi, pp. 199-216].
Kelke, W. H. Churchyard Manual, with Five Hundred Epitaphs.
London, Cox, 1854, 8vo.
Kensal Green, The Cemetery at, the Grounds and Monuments, with a
Memoir of the Duke of Sussex, n.d., 8vo, with illustrations.
Kippax, J. R. Churchyard Literature: Choice Collection of American
Epitaphs. Chicago, 1876, 12mo.
Last Homes of the Londoners, Chambers’s Journal, vol. 37, pp. 406-
408.
Loaring, Henry James. Epitaphs: Quaint, Curious, and Elegant. With
Remarks on the Obsequies of Various Nations. Compiled and
Collated. London: William Tegg, n.d. [1872], 8vo, pp. vi-262.
M’Dowall, William. Memorials of St. Michael’s, the Old Parish
Churchyard of Dumfries, 1876, 8vo, pp. ix-446. [With a
frontispiece (St. Michael’s Church and Churchyard) and vignette
title].
This is a most valuable local work.
Macgregor, Major Robert Guthrie, of the Bengal Retired List. Epitaphs
from the Greek Anthology. Translated. London: Nissen and
Parker, 1857, 8vo, 230 pp.
Macrae, D. Queer Epitaphs. Book of Blunders. London: Simpkin,
Marshall, and Co., 1872.
Maitland, Charles, M.D. The Church in the Catacombs: a Description
of the Primitive Church of Rome, Illustrated by its Sepulchral
Remains. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.
1846, 8vo, 312 pp., with illustrations.
Chapter III. of this work gives an interesting account of the
Catacombs as a Christian Cemetery.
Memorials of the Dead, The Journal of the Society for Preserving
the, in the Churches and Churchyards of Great Britain. Norwich:
Samuel Sayer, 1883, 8vo, Nos. 1-4. (continued).
A Quarterly Magazine of twenty-four pages.
Mills, J., of Cowbit, Lincolnshire. Verses, Odes, &c., on Spalding, and
Letters and Epitaphs, addressed to various persons and
subjects, n.d., 4to, 42 pp.
Monteith, Robert, M.A. A Theatre of Mortality: or, the Illustrious
Inscriptions extant upon the Monuments in the Grey Friars’
 Church Yard, &c., in Edinburgh and its Suburbs. Edinburgh,
1704.
A Further Collection of Funeral Inscriptions over Scotland.
Edinburgh, 1713, small 8vo, 2 vols.
Neve, John Le. Monumenta Anglicana: being Inscriptions on the
Monuments of several Eminent Persons. London, 1717-19, 8vo,
5 vols.
Lives, The, Characters, Deaths, Burials and Epitaphs, &c., of all the
Protestant Bishops of the Church of England, since the
Reformation as settled by Queen Elizabeth, a.d., 1559. London,
1731, 8vo, vol. 1, in two parts; part 1, 268 pp., part 2, 288 pp.
Norfolk, Horatio Edward. Gleanings in Graveyards: a Collection of
Curious Epitaphs. London: J. R. Smith, 1861, 12mo., 172 pp.;
Second edition, 1861, 12mo., 172 pp.; Third edition, revised and
enlarged, 1866, 12mo., 228 pp.
Northend, Charles. A Book of Epitaphs. New York, 1873, 12mo., 171
pp.
Norwood Cemetery, a Descriptive Sketch, with Copies of the
Inscriptions, etc., 1847, 8vo, 42 pp., with many cuts.
Orchard, R. A New Selection of Epitaphs and Remarkable
Monumental Inscriptions. Second edit., 1827, 12mo.
Parr, Samuel, D.D. Latin Inscriptions, Works, Edited by J. Johnstone,
M.D., vol. iv, pp. 559-655; English Inscriptions, ib. pp. 656-676;
Illustrations of the Preceding Inscriptions, ib. pp. 677-720; and
Correspondence Illustrative of the Inscriptions, vol. viii., pp.
555-656.
Parish Minister, A, Verses for Graves Stones in Churchyards. London,
1816, 8vo.
Parsons, Rev. Philip, M.A. The Monuments and Painted Glass of
upwards of one hundred Churches, chiefly in the Eastern Part of
Kent; most of which were examined by the Editor in person, and
the rest communicated by the resident clergy. With an
Appendix, containing three Churches in other counties [Hadleigh
and Lavenham, Suffolk, and Dedham, Essex.] To which is added
a small Collection of detached Epitaphs, with a few notes on the
whole. Canterbury, 1794, 4to, pp. viii-549, with errata and
indexes, 4 pages, pp. 424-8, omitted.
Mr. Parsons died at the College, at Wye, in 1812, at the age of
eighty-three.
Peck, Francis, M.A. Desiderata Curiosa: or, a Collection of Divers
Scarce and Curious Pieces relating chiefly to Matters of English
History; consisting of Choice Tracts, Memoirs, Letters, Wills,
Epitaphs, &c. Transcribed, many of them, from the originals
themselves, and the rest from divers Ancient MS. copies, or the
MS. Collections of Sundry Famous Antiquaries and other
Eminent Persons, both of the last and present Age. The whole
as far as possible digested into an order of time, and illustrated
with ample Notes, Contents, Additional Discourses, and a
complete Index. Adorned with cuts. A new edition, greatly
corrected, with some Memoirs of the Life and Writing of Mr.
Peck. London: Printed for Thomas Evans in the Strand,
mdcclxxix., 2 vols., 4to. [With portrait and nine plates.]

Peirse, C. G. B. Riddles, Epitaphs, and Bon Mots. Designed by C.

Grace, 1873, 4to.
Pettigrew, Thomas Joseph, F.R.S., F.S.A. Chronicles of the Tombs. A
Select Collection of Epitaphs, Preceded by an Essay on Epitaphs
and other Monumental Inscriptions, with Incidental
Observations on Sepulchral Antiquities. (Bohn’s Antiq. Lib.,)
1857, 8vo, pp. v-529.
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