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The document discusses the urgent need for environmental protection and the impact of pollution on air, water, and land due to overpopulation and industrialization. It outlines various types of pollution, their causes, and effects on human health and ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of individual responsibility in mitigating these issues. Additionally, it suggests measures to control pollution and preserve the environment for future generations.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views31 pagesGeneral Studies
The document discusses the urgent need for environmental protection and the impact of pollution on air, water, and land due to overpopulation and industrialization. It outlines various types of pollution, their causes, and effects on human health and ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of individual responsibility in mitigating these issues. Additionally, it suggests measures to control pollution and preserve the environment for future generations.
Uploaded by
pragatisri03Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 31
ws Protection of Environment oe
WA The State and the Nation ies
SAM International Peace and Understanding 120 Protection of
Environment
INTRODUCTION
Jn recent years mankind’s cons
tousness has been aroused strongly
towards environmental protection
and ecological preservation. It
js of utmost Importance that people
should be aware, not only of
che challenges involved but also of the role to be played by each
individual in protecting the environment,
Air, water and land are the basic requirements of life. However,
overpopulation and rapid industrialization has caused destruction
of the environment. Man has continuously tampered with nature
resulting in increased threat to his life due to the polluted air, lack
of potable water and the imbalance established in the biosphere.
Thus, while developing technologies for the benefit of man, it is
also essential for us to study, simultaneously, their impact on the
environment, so that the processes which the nature has devised
for conservation of resources, are not affected.
ENVIRONMENT
The word environment is derived from the word ‘environ’ which
means surrounding, Our surroundings include abiotic factors such as
light, air, water, soil, etc. and biotic factors like human beings, plants,
animals, microbes etc. The environment is a composite of many
gr
General Studies XI ands man 028 otet Bing
ea
a ind land and human S a
seen water a4 yd land man beings ang,
has pla
L POLLUTION
«existed for centuties but on),
1 stan
is animals and ICO Orpanigg,
ENVIRONMENTAL
Environmental pol
oe sinifcae f0
jon ha
the industrial revolution in 194
mtu
ment pation HE OF ABE MAIN theca oy
“ods, environment Po ae
lane, Ption desis “
cath, The economy dloes find man
suman existence earth TH ena
in echnologial development
station, and construction sites poly
he living environment and endane
ee
however, toxic emissions d
ue tthe
sworkof fctories ranspo*
cavigonment substantial
Pollution occurs when the natural environment cannot destty ay
cement without creating harm or damage (0 itself. The elemeny
ni the process of destruction |
involved ate not produced by nature
can vary from a few days to thousands of years. Pollution must be
ral clements tha
taken seriously a it has a negative effect on
are needed for life to exist on eneth, such a air, water and lind
TYPES OF POLLUTION
Air Pollution
Air pollution may be defined as the presence of one oF more
minants ike dastmist, smoke or colour inthe atmosphers |
are injurious to human
human beings, plants and animals. Iris the
a "
crconcentrition ofa chemical inthe se ha.
en it being ‘harmless’, ‘makes the dif
serween BN HMI ad pag NN eee
Mts
| Ai
+ Towoety hey words
«+ To associate the key word with he comes
Procedure
“Teacher ens section fom he eg
hap an asks he kes ei
ey words that asst the portion tag
(ager te he each
ves them a wor Scramble mae he hey op
{Woe Scramble: Unscramble th wns i
1. iennermoent 2 arin on
5. shocerten| 4 tata
5, se sill 6 yeh
Fees 1 enbtlaneubche
9. antec 10, abogeseprus
Inwerseveneyer,cvionment fl fi aun eigen,
Indasiaeatinn, desta rane pct
ime types of ir pion ate ase anual Foe
[Natural Aie Pollution
example forest fires, dst storms erupting voleanaes a sees fa
radioactive decay of tock inside eth
Causes of Air Pollution by Man's Activities
1. Burning of fossil fuels: Smoke emising fom vehicles cause
immense amount of pollution. Carbon monoxide caused by
combustion and
improper or incomplete generally emiied sea nj ptt. Sulphur doggy
af fossil faelsTke C03), pega
aio 0 egg
iene sis RO aMOTNEE jog
ch se00 TT yay amt BASES that age ga
ee ei
son TH
pagers wei
oust health and eng
et
acrories, Industries and rep,
ti
just fo
2 ana HIT qguntses FeleASE HARE AMOUNK of ¢
es organic compound: thy |
wer nc sss eal eke)
into the ait depleting the quality of air. |
sess Use of insecticides, pest
Aqdcolaal actives © Pesticides,
ser naga aces as OWN Ral
somites nt the a and an aso casey,
exit
pollsion
« Mining operaon: Ning process wherein mine fog
cin the ears ar esraced using large equipment. Digg
she pres dust aad chemicals are released in the air ancy
commun a polluton.Thisis one of the reasons responsi
Jrche detesoraing health conditions of workers and ney
Indoor ar pollution: Household cleaning products, pintet
supplies and ma
other gadgets emit toxic chemicals inh
egy dim 4
ty ie ¥
effects of Ait Pollution
6
Health probleme Pn cpp
aie pollutants may expericnee ng,
high levels of certain
throat, wheezing cee nse eee
difficulties. In addition, longterm ogc etn
“SPOsUtE th ait pollution
can cause cancer and damage to the noe
reproductive, and respitoy systema
Global warming: Another dzct effet that he wide
swinessingis bal warming du tier in theca
of green house gases. With increased ements thee
inerease in ea level due wo the meng of eebens, ening
to the fear of displacement nd ss of bist
Depletion of ozone layer: The carts anne ers epesw
ddue to the presence of chlorofuoroeatbors, and bro
chlorofuorocarbons in the asmosphere. As ozoae ler wll
‘become thin, twill emit haml as buck on ean and es,
cause shin and ese reited problems and als desrcton of
the ecosystem.
Effect on wildlife: imal ao fice thetic ofspolion.
“Toxic chemicals present in dhe ar can force wide species
to move ro new place an change thi habits. The foe
pollutants over the suc ofthe wtercanit maie
Crop and forest damage: COP
est from acid rin and From in
and forest damage 3 80
eased UV raion ened
Dy: ozone depletion.
sedi
neal ges es
—_ i el
fossil fuel ate burned ising,
rer ae May
sees ea 8 WE rcp
piston ses So and yay
rec
fog) THIS ae
ewes rw yg
a
wife
15 tO control Air Pollution
re colin eins process
ding absorption, rin. Washoye
controloF contaminaniy |
cles the “
ae by preventive
source eve
iain aed in hk ction ate
1 Using unleaded pets! a
orcontrol technol
1s. Som
fuels with Tow sulphur ang
content
2. Encouragingpeople
asopposed to pate vehicles
4 Ensure that houses, school, restaurants andl playgrounds ag
to wal use public anspor, oruse sey,
not Joeated on busy streets
4, Plant wees along busy streets because they absorb carbon
diosde and reduce noise level,
5, Continuous monitoring of the atmosphere for polluuns
shouldbe carried out to know the emission levels.
6 Industries and waste disposal sites should be situated ous
the i
Emission rates should be restricted ro permissible levels
each ad every industry
yo 7
al
4. Incorporation of air pllaion contol
equipment in des
plant yout mast be made mandatory eR
‘ZONE DEPLETION
saavosperic 0700 FEES OUt most oF the sun
serat05P! : # the sun potenti harmfa
ghortwave utasolet (UV) radon, If oxo es deplete
rays will each the ead aca
ore UV the arth, Esposute to higher amounts
{F UV radiation could ave serious im
i PACS on human eins,
seimals and plants such as skin cance, sur
thar, premature aging
if the skin, cataracts, blindsess. I ean have adverse
opact on the
ogystems as well, Several oF the works
= F the works major crop species are
particularly vulnerable co increased UY, esukingin seduced growth,
photosynthesis and Howeting Plnkwons (ny onganisms in the
s) ate theeatened by inc
seal UV sation,
surface lay
Decreases in plankton could disrupt the fresh and saltwater food
chains
Scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone is being
destroyed by @ group of manufactured chemieals, containing
chlorine and bromine. These chemicals are called “ozone
depleting substances” (ODS). ODS are very stable, nontonie and
rally safe in the lower atmosphere, which is why they
became so popular in the fest place. However, their very stability
allows them to float up, intact, to the stratosphere. Once there, they
are broken apart by the intense ultraviolet light, releasing chlorine
and bromine. Chlorine and bromine demolish ozone at an alarming
molecule, A singe
rate, by stripping an atom from the ozone molecule. & singh
Is of molecules of
molecule of chlorine can break apart thousand:
— ie opshave along ifetime in our
es
rman ODS eI
ing
“Hy
Fre til MARINE DEE WAY C0 the
eneingSobvenees(ODS): Chonan,
wily used ODS, ACCOUNTING Foy ein
ae depletion. They 26 sed as
-premmin 8
(ceca ae moe
seraoephere 07°
oe veers a
ir omiiomer in bling ¢ 4
usr solvents, dry-cleaning agen
Sand,
refrige 30"
in in
arc aso found
prodcts TO a
repos cars while contloners and wi
do nor we CFC
are being developed 0 replace C
ne, HFC) are being developed 0 replace CFCs ny
ea conning HECS do 9% delet caon, byt
few Mose ges Ths HFCS ar lla Betting
ese coer
«further ox0n€ depletion we gh
event fi i Shout
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
‘Te preahouse fect natural process that warms the ei
surface, When the son's energy reaches the earth's atmosphr,
some of itis teflected back to space and the rest is absorbed ix
reradted by greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases include wz
‘apoor, earbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and some
afc chemicals such as Chlorofluorocatbons (CFCS).
‘The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of
‘arth. This process maintains the earth’s temperature allowing”
és: Ductoexcessive presence of some gasses inthe athe
Comtsatant
cape of eat FM CaP surface,
of a
enhanced Greenhouse erfecr
Prevent
called global warming
‘Hlobal warming
joman activities ~ particulary
i burning
nd tur £28), ABU ad ang
concentrations of greenho,
he com reenhouse pas
rcenhOuse 848808 a6 Hobal warm
depletion, sea level se, averse effec
‘otution to Delhi postion problem
"climate change, zone
om bindiversity ete
oposas such 8 the Ode Forma oe
Fehices on the stets of Deli ae
sstinale soltion to uban chs Spe dcmge cy msomen
cosa
eu eeceaes bate
© Deg pei st me
© Hike paring barges
on os po.tuTion
scl oF Bolg eh,
chemical phYS
srmful effect on living Bey
has aril things
rus a PI cg
sang iver, lake and pond, sing,
Any hom
‘on the quality of #
mers fertilize
the water
ect
“eqsioraent WED fl
the fields, the cherie
seadualy washed Dy cai into cl
mandate or uHice WATETS—— SMEMIL thesia
the
oe pemens essed Bsmokestaks (ChiMNES) cap gy
se ee and a ack 0 earth 28 ain, emting
oe ks nd casing water pollution. Water pollton
von dierent uses and this one of the reasons Why iiss
Js they use
4 dcalt problem to solve.
1. Sewage: In developing countries most of the waste wate
ddscharged directly inco streams, rivers and oceans witht
treatment, thus polluting the water and causing diseses
Leaking septic tanks and other sources of sewage can
stoundwater and steam contamination.
Farmers add nates
2. Nuteients and chemical fertilizers:
tothe sil and the excess drains into rivers and se
assive increase i0
as, Togetes |
sewage and fertilizers can cause a
70th of algae or plankton that overwhelms huge a" |
=
"
ceans, kes, OF Fivers The
algae is harmful because i,
removes One fom the age,
abslling other forms of he
ang 9 what known Ma “bi
dead 2006.
edu wt lade pha
stich conn txc hi an puta as ne
mercury, sulphur, asbestos, nitrates and many other hi f
Chemical Lackof proper wate mamemmrery
in induc doing he wncin he eh wor teh os
iv vers cas nein he en Tre ee
pave de eoptlyo hnge Ue cdbura teens
evant of mint hog th penne wt ed
thot pote ed mano wang
ining is the process of erasing the rock
Mining act
and extracting mincels from undergeound. These elements
sven extracted in the raw form, contain harmful chemicals
and can increase the amount of rosie elements which may
result in health problems. Mining activities emit several metal
wastes from the rocks and are harmful for the environment
Matine dumping: Garbage in
the form of paper sluminiv, ee
rubber, glass, plastic and fo is * Meg
collected and deposited ins the 6
sea in many cites, These Hos
take many years to decompo (ae !
aa aps ener te 568, HEY NOE on,
uh i : a
whee arm animals in the sea, ig
atson ba a0 r Nf ar ti tine hey tne ag
re ematoteakage: ONSPI|POSEA HUGE coy, weer odie, Would go 4 on PY Yo reach
6, neste wo the ca and does nog Sy contin 8 ova
er ote) etc of cng
ee Le
we dal maine ria ‘8, rerouted and cleaned before mating pt HHS
= inet. Tene Fags nn ARMS the yo thy
zoos a FS 0 he col ang anmosphe Tos fine can ca ne =
amount of ash in the irplervectngrenevable
Parse seal amount oF Ah nego] 4 BYAMPEMIE Ns pe,
sa ertichconta OX CRM why 9 coma nbn emai
vee apr est in aida. hi tha © allt theamosphe an acy
pollute the water as wel,
«Cec riers and pesticides: Chemica fn,
geduce, recy
idx ae wsed by FAEMETS CO Protect crops fy, fe
pesticides ‘om in
a & reuse, Companies can find better ways
to reduce the amount of materi they we wo
dp aceia Tey are also useful fOr Plants promt, oducts, recycle left over apiroeiatis
tora S products, ‘materials and reuse or re-purpose
ca water and fo | materials that may not work with thee exising produc
ino res and canals which pose serious damage frag,
These
animals |
jst some of the steps that ea be taken orden
‘waste and pollutants that each the water
Minimizing Water Pollution and Improving th
Environment = POLLUTION
Toteep te waer dean and uncontaminated a numberof fina} aldol, meas degrlaion or demon of crt ae
must be kept in mind, and soil, directly oF indirect a a result of human activities Man
carves out activities cing development, ad the sine fe the
1, Bo end chemicals shouldbe used to replace toxic | Ian negatively resulting polio The deat of
Chemical, sprays and other supplies. Even eco-iel| ye eould be used constr, in oer word tnd pln.
Chemis shouldbe disposed of properly and with ca
a Posed of proper! Causes of Land Pollution
‘tories and chemical plants that create lange amounts sons, ke
: plants that create lan 1. Degenerative actions: The seveity of human actions,
pollion shuld make sure tha their wastes being deforestation, overuse of pesticides aml cheers
a °F proper: Proper disposal containment of toxie chem? eet
=
el va
eer Sai
mining. ine OF Imadeuay,
ie ec have resulted in degradation
ion of
dese
nent nl
az This mss FETS 10 Cutting ta,
eee
“
ic when the OP-MOSE Sel layer op
> Misuse of 8
Tn oe ager :
tant and esting in desertification,
caps of
5 soil Pollut
gsoved o pola ea
other things such 28 forest cover o
Sika ha oes tat
sa procs of land in oman 2
Spatsonis abo ented to wrOMRRFc a
s mica fertilizers and pesticides,
Soil pollution affects not ony ye
sc of che
cach as overuse of
«e Radioaceive waste: Nulearenerny is Produced using ayia
fain or fasion. The clement that is used in Produc
salar energis Uranium which i highly toxic chemical,
suclear waste that produced by radioactive material ney
wo be disposed off to prevent any nuclear accident, Nice
‘waste can have serious environmental hazards if not dispel
of propery. Accidents have already taken place in Rossin a
Japan
5. Other key causes of land pollution include urbanization,
improper waste disposal, industrial activites, nuclear esac
chemicals released by various heavy industries, coal-fired pom
plans, metals production industries, etc.
Effects of Land Pollution
1. Effect on climate: Land pollution results in loss of fore
‘on cath. Thin uen affects the amount of rain which
lesser vegetation. The etic og
ect of al it
eat kinds of pollens
eventually ads problems ie a
ain greenhouse effect
and global warring
2, Extinction of species: Species ae
Pushed towards
endangered and estine rds becoming
Primary by habitat fragment,
urban sprawl, Land potion desu the an an
animals. Both the actions can cau Sue
Some species ogo exinet
and others to become invasive i
3, Bio- magnification:
In this process, certain nondegradabe
substances go On accumulating inthe Fod-chan The moat
‘common example sof methyl mereuyin sh and mercuryin
eagles. Not only does the bio-magnicaon pur thepaiuat
species a is, it pus all the species above andl tat isk,
and ultimately affects the food pyramid.
4, Effect on biodiversity: Species estinetion and bio
magnification is going to overthrow the balance of ratte vers
sigoificantly The main reason for thisis the dsurbanee creed
in the food chain example- on account of bio-magnifcation
‘of mercury in eagles they might go extinct in the subsequent
years, However, we know eagles prey on snakes Less ot 20)
‘cages will hen result in more number of sakes
Prevention of Land Pollution
following choices
level: We can make the f
ing, bu organic food,
1. Personal
Encourage organic fami
personal level
ing, 00
nlc nou
dispose garbage by sous
— a
_ EEE y ~~
rbicides an
sc tne wse of het Pesca,
sen
own bac
ny,
oe waster Proper Waste MAMAREMen, |
he prevention of land pollution, sy
the pt every
ure that the waste gets b
taken 288 spose,
should be «, produce Ie58 0F 90 toxing
uy and use products
4. eceling and use Be Products that hay
loth bags. Reusing old items,
Tisejuteanl ctoth bags Rewsing old item.
reeled
duce the
good wy 107
er, las everything
sro ai cue ge
should be recycled and reuseg
Las
pape
as possible
{Biodegradable products: People should buy biodcga,
prods “Go Organi’ 6 tHE MANET For Aiding,
pollution
5 Grow more trees: Initiative should be taken to gam ya,
aces Researches show that tees can actually fertilize thee
6. Inte both by individuals and authorities: Wry
should be spread amongst the common people, to use nen
biodegradable products ancl 10 use resources efficiently. The
industries too should follow proper procedures of indir
waste disposal, The government should steiey enforce les
for protection of the environment.
NOISE POLLUTION
By definition, the term noise pollution is usually applicable ®
“ounds or ooses thar are unnatural in either theie volume or |
igisuption in she natural balan.
causes of Noise Pollution
1, Poor wba planning: In mos ot thd
poor usban planing, congested houses
small space, fight over parking,
nig oi,
la star
= fue hs ver bane
amenities ads © avi polton whch we aay
environment of the society ae
2. tsdutiaization: Inds noe comes om
; fommenicuing
plans sich asa ton and compro manele
pattie of buldnga Nokia th mane tesa
be sited he communi th ge nnd
door, and eventhough ulin vals Thaw ne some
lan eect ec aad sc gs
noise induced hearing loss i unforeunately common,
3, So
1 events: Noise is a its peak in most of the social
events, People play songs on fl volume whieh disturbs the
‘neighbourhood. nthe markets callous tata the ester
istuth the people
44. Transportation: Large number of vehileson oad xt planes
fying over houses and underground tans produce lou mis
Increasing traffic ives ise to talc ams in congested ats.
Repeated use of the horn by impatient ders as 0 te
increase in noise evel sexites COMETECHION OF Brida
place in almost ev
ren dower ke Pl
bul
of
psc aces andequipmenes,
= pou toe: e me eurounded by
Howse
privy i ©
se TV bile, mse BFINET, Pressure
sil he
denen sing machine and dryer, copie >
our daly ie.
heme
minor contributors to 1 i,
cunaioners ae a8 ae
*
se hrs produced
ret rm of poltion my SEEM RAEMES ing
tren coegenes and averse HES on he ey
effects of Noise Pollution
1 Health issues: Excessive noise pollution can influence
ponchologcal health, Stadles show thatthe occurence of
‘guesive behavior, disturbance of sleep, constant see
feogue and ixpetension canbe linked to excessive noise keh
2 Hearing problems: Constan exposure to loud levels of noise
cenreslin he damage of our ear drums and loss of heating,
Jr aso reduces ou sesitty to sounds that ou eats pickup
wseonseousy to regulate our body's rhythm,
3, Sleeping disorders Loud noise can certainly hamper sleeping
Pater and ma ead to iestation and fatigue
4. Cardiovascular issu
Hood pressure levels, cardiovasculit
‘hese and sess elated hear problems aren these. Stl
show that high intensity agg
‘20s high bod pres
increases at Beat teased ea
UD the nora baad lon
“Trouble eommunieating: igh dec
* aloconmulec tnd Comer mal
Poe ete beadache ad heat AP scan sa
in severe headache and disturb one emosional lane
6 Bifet on wildlife: Wide fees far mote problems han
humans because of noise pollution since they are more
dependent on sound to tack they rey, thir mates and he
soung ones. Animals develop a beter sense of heating than
us since their survival depend oni
solutions to Control Noise Pollution
Tree Plantation: Effective sluion Formos poll sto plant
pushes and tees around the sound generating sources. Sound
passage is blocked by the dense shrubs and tress Trees can be
ante in the surrounding area to lvepeaeeflly
Soundproof homes: To biock unwanted nose feom outside,
-oundproof doors and windows can be installed
Loudspeaker prohibition: The major cause of nose polation in
public areas is loudspeaker.
Swit laws should be imposed against those who violate and wse
Toudspeakers in eroweded areas and public places
Factory location: Factories and industries should be located away
from residential areas.
6 optimized
Machine quality: The quay of machines should be op
to reduce sound production
Sa
‘7
- and servicing should be
te machine) don
sion of ty
Labi ane
eine jution at home is caused by
oie po Py ng a
sonst siti TEMES IOSeAd OF yng
=
al berm the OE of men
aio the test echoogy sg
site ne machine
our lean Future
ficial out choices and sos poluon We ean vey
evap sewn beaches potted vers, and fish that ae poison
‘can work together to keep the environment clean sy
she plans animals and people who depend on it eran hea: We
can take action at an individual evel, community level as counties
nd coatinents to pass laws that will make the world less polluted
Working rogther, we can make pollution less of a problem — and
the world a beter place.
Depletion of Natural Resources and Ecological
Imbalance
All the material and energy essential for survival and welfare of
living beings including humans are provided by nature. They fe
called natural resources, The sustenance and welfare of mankind
spend upon the exploitation of different natural resources.
=
———————
voperiviy ‘ cea
Retest
as Lari Bolton ome
proce: From te hon ef pa
snout dl He chose a5 ope anlespin mea te * |
I? la it degre te
vrvironmentand whatacconkgtoyouisyay
: olin chile espe
cology i the stud ofthe relationships beeen ig ons,
including humans, and their physel envionment; Alvin and non
living ings on earth ate intertated an thus ae itenepenent.
1f these balances and interdependences are sufficiently altered it
upsets nature’ equilibrium and results in ecological disturbances
and environmental degradation, ‘These resources have no doubt
changed the level of living standard of man but atthe same time
have also disturbed the ecological balance.
With the development of modern industry and technology, the
issue of ecological imbalance is oF utmost importance, Much of
what has been destroyed; unfortunately we will nt be able to
recover. Ecological imbalance between the natural factors and
thurman activities results in socio-ccoloial rss Ths means that
the balance between the environment and society is broken. The
reasons for ecological imbalances are asociated withthe increasing sox aevestsion sate POO Att ony
tronder Ive ina Wholesome eying,
ese eis the causes for degrada 7
i 800d of
of natural
: co 19
here ie oo
gsespomsesandalemte cesof
canard 05%
canironment 2? :
ary TO RESTORE ECOLO Gi,
cTORS NECESS:
ALANce CONSERVATION OF FOREST
somervain ste przetiee of planning and main
AL
Fost
rested areas for the benefit am
natu eSources Within forest.
1 sustainability of future pen
for vo Kate gonna
Irinvolves the upkeep of th
humans and the ecosystem, Forests prog
are beneficial v0 both
ae chien wid be alongwith Sitering of ground tery
preesngranfe Tes ae mankind Hie Not onl doth ge
reapers of aig and seeps OF O¥F Waste Produc
ave economic alae 00, get fel, olde, timber, medicines nj
amerous other valuable products.
Conservation of forest in India
“Todas fling of tes and diverting land for other purposes hine
all taken its toll on forests. For sustaining ecologieal balance itis
‘nportant that at eas one third ofthe land is covered with fre.
Horsver, today in Inia we have less than 200% area undet forests
and mach of tis degraded. Thus the need of the hour is to work
‘oars saving existing forests and help in bringing larger areas
nde ores
‘The Minty of Environment and Forets (MOE) isthe xa ageney oe
sminsrtnesrvture of the Cental Grvermment for planing, promot.
‘as 7
‘ng the implementation of India enironmens
fe PHC 3d PORTING eet Sy
iaton der the NEN of Emvionmeny pene TOD Bat
con rome
Tina Ginn
rece inthe cunt. The Forest Reseach a
re pesery ane allied sciences andthe | Ser cuce
an 7! In ise oc
Mote afer the fre manamnt
ants pal mandate
geen
so top the degradation of forest dhere was a need wo imolve
ihe public and 50 initiatives tke social forestry scheme, one tee
for every eld, ces for ecodeveopment have been tien up
py the government. An innovative scheme to involve indusres
and private patties in afforestation drives was launched under
industrial plantation. An attempe was made to make use the waste
ands, magginal lands and desert lands, energy plantations, fodder
plantations et, However forests ar il being co nl degrated
and wildlife stil destroyed
Presently, forests are being used for mainly two purposes, fuel
_wood and timber, both of which involve the fling of tes. This
can be avoided by developing alternative sources of enengy like
solar, bio- gas ete. oF by growing at least one tee foreach tre cut.
Secondly, new and better means of using forests should be evolve.
For example sericultre, bee keeping, ete are not only viable but
also very profitable alternatives. Athe same time, forests should be
protected asa system. This means that mono cults ate avoided
and variety of trees suitable to the loal environs is prow.
ges exrapolaed rom the 2015 Forest Survey of Ia’ beni port
foes have gpg, 135
she that while S11 sqm of pn
riers oes
se km of ron forest ars have become itor ve
ering aime, Ba tical fit os ee ese festa
— ce sal ft DA ee,
ae mene nae scone
mr apap aaiaeS
sons on sit
vein wie the tex of Mumbai — jg
utilizing Water Resources
a,
conserving and
scientifically
pipe weet counties India tll Suffers fon,
Being one
: silizaion of water resous
CES. Af,
and dros due 1
independence emp
Pacer projets ad big dams ave MUU as
pee en known a the empl of modern Indi for crap,
Stl ever and Tehri dam on river Bags
faulty
jewas aid on the development of
z pment OF big day,
‘Baka Nangal onthe
However, consrocdon of big dams caused several ecole
pectic There ws large sale destruction of forest which akong
spe aru ecologiel balance of the region. Floods, droughts a
Jes become prevalent in such areas. Tribal people, the
lands
fe and calrare which is deeply interrelated with the forest wer:
uprocted causing socio-economic problem of displacing the hl
and native people ofthe region.
“Today with growing demand of water for agriculture, industiesand
increasing urbanization theres a need to address the challenges of
‘water scarci: The government has taken several steps to addres
the challenges. Civic bodes ike the Panchayat and Municipality ave
a water conservation strategy sited t0 the region example mul
water recharge ain water harvesting, renovation and maintenance
of water bodies. For itrgation, the implementation of poles
fe use of WatEF Must be
a efficent, econo
a economic, and rational
we ation and management can be better served through
seen cenveand peri
scientific Mining Practices
seis as Eaton mel omen hen
meh eg kn
lon ders aes
Cao of te fot of ve
aon aecients ke the Chast ac!
tragedy: Opencast mining lads 0
iefacing and destroving the landscape ae
‘eample in Ustrakhand mining bas
realted in land slide, soil erosion and declining forest area, The
iispsal of eining waste, miners dust From mines i constantly
palling the air and land and cus abo reducing secur
produc. Mining also at mes lead vo change in ices
od sometimes toxic material may enter the food chain through
the process of bio-magnifcations, Mining operations are also
responsible for various health hazards to human beings ia the Form
‘of respiratory problem and other illness
| Seienifi ining and conservation of minerals: Avie! sti
ning technolo easre conservation of ine Irae oe
traction techniques are oe to ens iT WH
ces at mines Mig options shoud
nye blethis spring
Protection of water reso
comae that there smontersccsion of theo ™
the water from contamination
a
_— |
TTT sing wndvrsty impact: NO anal aay
ut nd should Be an portant
som f ine a important cbccing
© Resor
Atining should be done in ascetic MANNET I EAN becom
rea ssinable by develOPINRANG NCE
Pract,
jenaimpact of mining operations
%
thie rece the environ
es such a6 rehicing water andy,
practices include measur :
re
aa ae aS
eae RNa
oe eee
include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of ittoge™
ulphur dine, hydrocarbon and metallic traces. Industil ws
cout of fertilizer factories, paper mil, leather Factor
eo
put dngreedae dichaged rhe lakes and es retin
wi ah hazards For the population ofthe count
cect the environment we need to
‘Top
specu social awareness about the dangers of pelluton and
make it mass Movement
‘check population growth,
“:suriet applieation of environment conservation acts and laws
+ Comeo! over industrial an agricultural pollution
“> Bxtensive afforestation campaign should be launched in the
interest of environment prorection,
“River waters should be made clean,
» Provision should be made 10 supply clean drinking water to
the rural population,
Pinned management of solid waste
-Toconclude, itis said that economic development and envitonment
protection should be made complementary to each other. lean
cavironment isthe basic equisement of healthy living
wildlife Conservation in india
regions: the
Ecologically, India can be divided into theee ms
Himalayan Mountain systems the peninsular India sub region
(woodlands and desert} and the topical ean Foret region. great
wealth of biologieal diversity exists in these regions and in India’s
‘vedinds and marine areas, Years of mismanagement, however, have
degraded our Forests, coastline, and poisoned our aquifers "Ta
ee e* roti connins 72 pees 227 0 te OHSS,
toe globally threatened by 9
rune conse be all ee yo
of tema Hc acca, Wa san gg
amlope, tiger, thinoee208, Gi Ton, yy,
eo
ite crane 8FEYReFON, Moan
Some
Indian gazelle,
stamsingo, pelican, bust :
tribute a
os seen extinctions €29 Be ADU, ciher gi
indirect, ro human demographic and technological ga.
commercialized exploitation Of SPECIES, ad humay
change, These factors, in turn, have a
environmental change. Thi ete
be
cs
reproductive rate of endangered species and the adap
z Pesbiliy
changing environmental coneitions
(aerviry
Game OF Recall )
|
——
| Aims: Mensicition nd Compson
eo
In Indian government and NGOs are taking keen interest in
protection of wildlife. The Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, has
several provisions for the conservation of wildlife. Wilde
Sanctuaries and National Parks, for example Corbett Nationa
Park, Kanha National Park and Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary have bea
developed to protect the natural habitat of the wild animals. To
~~,
ane poachers fom entering the pats the conccmned park
js avec Svea tons which inh fencing the path,
oe ange eng an poaching eam undertaken by
jones tical
ie
peasres co protect the wildlife ae by launching projets to
er panos safe from the poacher and increase th count
“aliger conservation efforts have been made to contain their
seer
sengumbersan tbe most popular oes the "Poet Tie”
vain se year 1973
project Elephant
nunc in February 1992 bythe Government of laa, Projet
tlepant has een designed combine the programs For the
emerson of elephant and is natural habia The other measures
to pect the willie ares protecting the habit
of the animal by
proecting the forests; protecting the wife from pollution and
usar) hazarcs, imposing restrictions on export and import of
wslfe produets and severe punishment for those who indulge in
this activity; making special a
yrements to protect those species
‘whose aumber are limited; leveloping general awareness at national
and international level regarding protection of wildlife
Global Concern for the Protection of the Environment
‘Man has improved the technologies and other means necessary for
Production of wealth and exploited nature for his benefits with
i — sete topos of bit on ty
ma si ANTON lam egy
ee evo 58 in dead
“ share globally. ot
Sreeener ete re eee
any foesboua
defore
wine wich Weal
(activity
share 1Get
ise
et ee ip Un a
— |
|e atershe concepts ate shared, ask the students © Process what he, |
care ing them ode i of ie squates The pd |
eraienogh eo coer page the notebook. In any hg
any three factors necessary to, =
eee os
Teen sald be ppsimately en minutes
Air he ri is complete with al nines squares filled the sean it
trite a summary of all the points ollected,
Shar 1 Get}
[ee Pete
Caserain | a Pre
| Linings | tepan
a
| Mining, “magnification
|=
Geran | Saal Foy |
Lertren | scheme
~~.
ue 6s ard 708 a mpact onthe eons cou
eta felt Rampant erosion, polation, environmental
”
mwas occarsngand was beingexperencel by man Kaas
Mpa he Fesponsiblyt protectthe heath and welling
het
oh ge bganey dn ont cle comcustess
wversal concern about the healthy and sustainable use
the world. The leaders and environmentalist all
seu
on
vn pane
of Mee in 1972and wa lob accept a von coping
‘The initial concept of sustainable development was
connectedness of Social, economic, and envirenmental
she i
sous Cota
ve Goneraments usinetes, ant il oy hve seeped
ily, no-one nation ean achieve sustainable development
apg ae 6 ese FF making progress on the thes pile of
i able developent—soei conomi, and envionment
spun etn pias gi np
pus dpe tl anata ea ing
cmon chon in he mid tite ad bi of tae
Asian Development Banke
“The time line lists the major landmark in implementing policies,
srateges, programs and projects for a sustainable environment
1972-The United Nations Conference onthe Human Environment
suas held in Stockholm, It lead to the establishment of numerous
rational environmental protection agencies and the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP),
us
“The Chipko Movement in India was started in response 0
Cenury
India and of diversity, Wehave 18 majo languages and as many
as B44 dilees
Ms wit Sate inion orgges
‘habe ove Speoters
Bengali ae Marathi
As sen above Hinds the most spoken language in the county
‘Hind also happens to he the eo-offcatng language fr all fc
‘ork of the government. The Constitution of adia designates
beg
~SE >
i
oe nce OF NDIA
2S Ca ttn rey Tra
on rica
he me te
od itn by gy
1 poplin econ
isa te iat
mg of te
ney idan
pe by ety
‘THE MUNSHI - AYYANGAR FORMULA (1949)
twas a compromise constitutional faming formula which shaped
‘he official language poliy of Republic of India, Part XVH of the
‘onstiution was drafted accordingly.
—— a a ae
spre fre otc Lange CoMS8100 (1986) ag,
emer Con 00 Offa MARE (1989) adi
ro tanguage al English a conan
Mind robe ose po
yen carasmanyageaon amon the NON-Hid eaing ng
This lod mace
deen ictnen Prine Minter of Hod tlie Engh jy ye
Fc shelf the comsiaion to aPpAS the situation,
veo with hi the ang: Hind tance hardened over petiod of tiny
To ane leat backing ro Nebr assurance of 1959, the Ogg
neue Aet was passed in 1963, The three language form),
recommended bythe Madess CM also increased student supp
foe ans Hind cause.
“The Nadas Sute Ant: Hindi agitation was supported by the Dt
“chich sted for about 2 monthsin 1968. Itled to deaths of seve
peuple and seo people commited suicide by selFimmolation og
Indians Burn Selves
In Language Protest
Secor
Sar
Sbastni assured that
“To appeate the situate
or
|
|
te
=~
4 Services Bram would bi conducted in English
5 aut os hs is
pny 1965, as pase by Congres working
vmmivee which stated that English woald be the offical
anguage unless al states consent otherwise
-phe Official Language (amendment) Ac, 1967 guaranteed the
‘jnwal indefinite poiy of bilingualism in official ransactions,
(9 Thelanguage issue over perio of time has lst ts importance
continues to generate minor tension and often manifests
°
yeti
itself as linguistic communalism in different states,
NATIONAL INTEGRATION
Diversity creates divide and also unites people. The National
Iotegeation Council was set up 1962 t0 address the problems of
‘ommunalism, casteism and regionalism,
| How can national integration be accomplished
| © "The fest and the foremost step isto eradicate terrorism from
the soil of India, Linguistic fanaticism should be suppressed.
wish would be used for Centre-State and intrastate © Fissiparous tendencies cannot be checked by force and the
| cae computing: Tevhie mBE ERENCE yp
and education
The et soliton 0 BWR eg
of men I i of 68 COMMONS, ach ged
tdi senses aio an teeision Ut be lea pe
dive foe promoting eaional unity.
desma sytem mist be 9 Feo nSRUEEL A 1 ema
the compost sire of ele anf insti in he mig
ofthe outh alginate pre in ou sci ertge. Porgy,
of sadonl integration shou be made am itegeal pat of 9
