ENGLISH 10 – Second Quarter

MELC: Observe the language of research, campaigns, and advocacies

The element of persuasion is the common factor one may observe in the language used in research,
campaigns and advocacies. While each one differs when it comes to the degree of formality and use of
subject-specific terminologies, how each resort to the use of persuasion as a technique is always
notable.

PERSUASION
❑ convincing others to change their point of view, agree to a commitment, purchase
a product or service or take a course of action
EMOTIVE LANGUAGE
▪ use of words that evoke
emotions and make people feel
a certain way
▪ can sound more convincing
even if it appeals to emotion
MODAL VERBS
▪ use of words that express modality
or how likely something is going to
happen helps adjust the level of
certainty of events to suit
arguments
INVOLVING THE READERS
▪ use of personal pronouns and
indicative words to establish a
connection between the author
and the reader
RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
▪ These are questions that are not supposed to be answered. Instead, they are asked for an effect, to illustrate a
point or let the reader think. The use of questions that sometimes state the obvious can convince the reader to
agree on the points being presented.
USING EVIDENCE
▪ use of facts, figures or quotes from experts to highlight the writer’s authority and make the arguments presented
more convincing
REPETITION
▪ Involves repeating keywords, phrases or ideas to appeal to the readers
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
▪ Using carefully selected adjectives and adverbs makes it possible to the writer to influence how the readers feel
ASSOCIATION
▪ This technique tries to link an object or an idea with something already liked and desired by the target audience
such as wealth, success, pleasure and security.
BANDWAGON
▪ Commonly used in advertisements, this persuasion technique makes the audience believe the idea that “everyone
is doing it” or that everyone likes something
EXPERTS
▪ This means relying on expert advice from trusted people like doctors, scientists and other professionals for things
that the audience do not know. The idea that these experts are risking their credibility to support an object or idea
makes the persuasion more effective.
 ENGLISH 10 – Second Quarter
MELC: Identify key structural elements, e.g.: • Exposition - Statement of
position, • Arguments, • Restatement of Positions and language features of
an argumentative text
Key Structure of Argumentative Text
Statement of Position
Argument
Restatement of Position

Statement of Position
▪ a strong opening sentence that provokes your reader's interest or captures your reader's attention
▪ an overview of your thesis (or argument) on the topic and the points you will make
▪ Provide a brief outline of the key points to be covered by your argument. This gives your reader a
preview of where you are going to take them. This also enables you to show the reader that your
exposition is structured logically
Argument
▪ A series of points to convince the audience
▪ Each new point begins in a new paragraph
▪ Each new paragraph containing a main point (topic sentence) an elaboration (evidence) and an
explanation of how the point supports your thesis
▪ Emotive words are used to persuade the audience into believing the author
▪ Each paragraph needs to link to the next one in a logical way
Restatement of Position
▪ sum up the argument
▪ make a statement about what you see as a solution to the problem or what might happen if the
situation is not resolved
▪ call for action
MODAL
▪ The use of modal verbs like should and must
express suggestion and obligation,
respectively, contributes to the achievement
of sentences that provide support to the main
argument
ADVERB
▪ contributes to the attainment of the author’s
purpose for writing
▪ help indicate the mood or attitude of the writer
with respect to the ideas being presented
EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE
▪ reflects the writer’s attitude towards a certain
idea
▪ these words express feelings, opinions or
judgments on what they are describing

CONNECTIVES/TRANSITIONAL DEVICES
play a great part in maintaining the smooth flow of ideas
▪ also known as connectives, they help achieve coherence in writing
▪ link ideas in an argument
DECLARATIVE STATEMENT
▪ A thesis statement is a declarative sentence
▪ Remember that a thesis statement is so important as it states what you want your readers to know, believe, or
understand after having read your essay.
PASSIVE VOICE
▪ Sometimes writers find using an indirect expression is rhetorically effective in a given situation, so they choose
passive voice
▪ Highlights the action and what is acted upon rather than the agent performing the action