26-Nov-22

24.10.2022 Structure of the presentation

• Introduction to Space frames

BMCT •
•
Folded plates
Shell roofs
Roof systems-II

Ar. Kritika Shankar

Space Frames

Space frames

Space frames Space frames

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Space Frames Space Frames

• A space frame or space structure (3D truss) is a rigid,
lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from
interlocking struts in a geometric pattern.

• Space frames can be used to span large areas with few

interior supports. Like the truss, a space frame is strong
because of the inherent rigidity of the triangle;
flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted
as tension and compression loads along the length of each
strut.

• A space frame is a long-spanning three dimensional plate

structure .The simplest spatial unit of a space frame is a
tetrahedron having four joints and six structural members

Types of grids in Space Frames Joints in Space Frames

• Space frames may be constructed of structural steel pipe, tubing,

channels, tees, or W shapes.

Welded connection Bolted connection Threaded connection

Space Frames Slope or camber

Supports in Space Frames
frame for drainage
A space frame should be supported
Wood panel sheathing/ at the panel points
Metal roof decking
Cementitious roof planks Connections /
Supports are made
Glazing within the panels at panel points

Depth range:
Span/12 to Span/20

Increasing the
bearing area of
the members to
which shear is An RCC or
Mech. Services such transferred masonry bearing
Span range: Over hangs:
Will reduce the wall distributes its
As piping, conduit, Column supported: 9-24 m 15-30 % of span support points
force In the
Ductwork may pass Wall supported : 9-39 m members along a line.
Through the web
spaces Steel bearing
plates are
anchored into
concrete beam

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Difference between plane frame & space frame

• Plane frame is a 2D structure
whose all elements lie in the same
plane whereas space frame is a 3
dimensional assembly.
• A Plane Frame can resist loads
applied only in its own plane & it is
unstable to forces perpendicular
to its plane.
• A Space frame can resist loads All members and All loads lie in the
applied at any point, at any same Plane
inclination to surface of structure Shell roofs
and in any direction.

• Span range for column-

supported space frames is from
9m to 24 m

• Span range for wall-supported

space frames is from 9m to 39 m.
All members and All loads lie in the
• Overhang provided may be 15 different Plane
to 30% of span

Shell roofs Shell roofs

Shell roofs Shell roofs

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Shell roofs
• These are curved roofs
in which thickness is
small
• Thin RCC shell roofs
are used to cover
large column free
areas Folded plates
• In this type of roof,
load is transferred
mainly by membrane
compression & since
concrete is good at
resisting compression,
concrete is used.

Folded plate
• Folded plates: these are
defined as the assemblies
of flat plates or slabs
inclined in different
directions & joined along
their longitudinal edges

• These are also known as

hipped plate, prismatic
shell etc

• By providing folds, the

bending moment & shear
force is reduced.

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Folded plate Folded plate surfaces

Linear folded plates

Combination of additions

Radial folded plate structures

Folded plate frames

• Continuos Thankyou
• 2 hinged
• 3 hinged
• Folded plate barrel

Folded plate domes