Adventure:

Character: Often a brave, heroic protagonist or explorer who faces challenges.

Settings: Exotic, dangerous, or remote locations (e.g., jungles, oceans, mountains).

Tense: Usually past or present tense.

Conflicts: External conflict, typically involving the protagonist's survival or quest, often against nature,
enemies, or obstacles.

Sci-fiction (Science Fiction):

Character: Often futuristic or technologically advanced characters, such as astronauts, aliens, or robots.

Settings: Futuristic or alternative worlds, outer space, or advanced technological environments.

Tense: Commonly present or future tense, but may include past tense in flashbacks/time travel.

Conflicts: Human vs. technology, alien encounters, dystopian societies, or moral dilemmas involving
technology.

Mystery:

Character: Central character is often a detective or investigator with strong observational and problem-
solving skills.

Settings: Realistic, everyday settings (e.g., towns, cities, homes, or offices) where a crime or mystery
needs solving.

Tense: Typically, past tense, though present tense can be used for heightened suspense.

Conflicts: The central conflict is the puzzle or crime the protagonist must solve, often involving hidden
motives or a villain.

Horror/Thriller:

Character: Protagonists are often ordinary people facing fear or terror, though they can also be
detectives or experts in the supernatural.

Settings: Dark, eerie, or unsettling environments (e.g., haunted houses, isolated locations, or urban
landscapes).

Tense: Typically present or past tense, with present tense often used to create urgency or immediacy.

Conflicts: Psychological or supernatural threats, fear of the unknown, or life-and-death situations.

Conflict often stems from external forces (e.g., monsters, killers, supernatural entities).

Historical Fiction:

• Character: Fictional characters or real historical figures navigating past events. • Settings: Accurate
historical contexts with attention to time periods and cultural details (e.g., wartime, Victorian era). •
Tense: Usually past tense to reflect the events and give a sense of reflection. • Conflicts: Personal or
societal struggles shaped by historical events, often dealing with challenges of survival, identity, or moral
dilemmas.

Realistic Fiction:

• Character: Believable characters dealing with everyday problems and situations. • Settings:
Contemporary, real-world settings where events are grounded in reality. • Tense: Typically written in
present or past tense. • Conflicts: Personal or societal challenges, relationships, or emotional struggles;
no supernatural elements.

b)

Non-Fiction: (Register/Language, Facts, Opinions, purpose, layout structural organization)

News Report:

Register/Language: Formal, objective, neutral tone.

Facts: Presents verified, factual information about current events or issues.

Opinions: Avoids personal opinions; focuses purely on facts.

Purpose: To inform the public about an event, issue, or situation.

Layout/Structural Organization: Headline, lead paragraph (summary of key points), body (detailed
information), and conclusion.

Biography/Autobiography:

Register/Language: Semi-formal to formal; can include personal anecdotes (especially in

autobiographies).

Facts: Provides factual details about the person’s life, including dates, events, achievements, and
experiences.

Opinions: In a biography, the author may provide their interpretation of the subject’s life. In
autobiographies, the subject's personal thoughts and reflections are included.

Purpose: To inform and provide insights into a person’s life, experiences, and contributions.

Layout/Structural Organization: Chronological order of events in the person’s life, with sections covering
different life phases or key moments.

Balanced Report:

Register/Language: Formal, neutral tone, aimed at presenting multiple perspectives.

Facts: Presents factual data from different viewpoints on an issue or event.

Opinions: Avoids bias and presents all sides of an issue without personal opinion.

Purpose: To inform the reader by providing an unbiased overview of a topic or issue.

Layout/Structural Organization: Introduction to the issue, body presenting various viewpoints or facts,
and conclusion offering a balanced perspective.

Persuasive Report:

Register/Language: Semi-formal to formal, with persuasive or convincing language.

Facts: Uses facts to support the argument or stance being presented.

Opinions: Strong opinions and arguments are presented to persuade the reader.

Purpose: To persuade the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.

Layout/Structural Organization: Introduction presenting the argument, body elaborating on supporting

evidence and reasoning, conclusion reinforcing the stance.

Magazine Article:

Register/Language: Semi-formal, conversational or engaging tone; often accessible to a wide audience.

Facts: Combines factual information with analysis or personal insights.

Opinions: May include personal opinions or commentary on a subject.

Purpose: To inform, entertain, or engage the reader about a particular topic or event.

Layout/Structural Organization: Catchy headline, introduction, body with subheadings or sections, and
conclusion or call to action.

Recount Writing:

Register/Language: Informal or formal, depending on the context (personal or academic).

Facts: Describes actual events that happened in chronological order.

Opinions: May include personal reflections or feelings about the event.

Purpose: To recount or retell an event or experience.

Layout/Structural Organization: Chronological order, with an introduction, body detailing the events,
and a conclusion reflecting on the experience.

Review Writing:

Register/Language: Semi-formal, evaluative language; often subjective but informative.

Facts: Includes factual details about the subject being reviewed (e.g., the plot of a book, features of a
product).

Opinions: Strong personal opinions and assessments of the subject’s quality, value, or effectiveness.

Purpose: To evaluate and provide a recommendation or judgment on a product

• service, performance, etc.
• Layout/Structural Organization: Introduction (overview), analysis of various aspects, pros
and cons, conclusion with recommendation or final evaluation.
Informative Report:
• Register/Language: Formal, clear, and concise.
• Facts: Focuses entirely on facts, often with detailed data, statistics, or explanations.
• Opinions: Avoids opinions and focuses solely on factual information.
• Purpose: To educate or inform the reader about a particular subject, providing a thorough
understanding.
• Layout/Structural Organization: Introduction, detailed body with sections, headings, and
subheadings for clarity, and conclusion with a summary or final thoughts.