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ACOUSTICS 2

The document covers key concepts related to acoustics, including the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and velocity of sound. It details how sound travels through various materials and introduces units of measurement for loudness, such as decibels, phons, and sones. Additionally, it provides examples of sound levels and outlines an assignment related to sound phenomena.

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3 views

ACOUSTICS 2

The document covers key concepts related to acoustics, including the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and velocity of sound. It details how sound travels through various materials and introduces units of measurement for loudness, such as decibels, phons, and sones. Additionally, it provides examples of sound levels and outlines an assignment related to sound phenomena.

Uploaded by

johnedmarstevenbdevera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUILDING UTILITIES 3

ACOUSTICS
BUILDING UTILITIES 3

QUICK RECAP
WAVELENGTH

Wavelength = Velocity / Frequency

the faster the sound wave,


the shorter the wavelength,
the higher the frequency

FREQUENCY
Sound waves vibrate at different rates or frequencies

Frequency is measured in cycle per second or Hertz


after the German Scientist who experimented with sound in the 19th
century

the faster the object vibrates,


the higher the frequency,
the higher the pitch

WAVELENGTH (λ in m)
FREQUENCY (f in Hz)
VELOCITY (v in m/s)
WAVELENGTH = SPEED OF SOUND

FREQUENCY

FREQUENCY = SPEED OF SOUND

WAVELENGHT

WAVELENGTH (λ in m)
FREQUENCY (f in Hz)
VELOCITY (v in m/s)
WHERE DOES SOUND
TRAVEL FASTER?
The velocity of sound travelling
through air at 0.3km per second at sea level

through water at approximately


1.4km per second

through wood at approximately


3.6km per second

through steel at approximately


5.5km per second
OTHER APPROXIMATE SPEED OF
SOUND IN COMMON MATERIALS
SOUND VELOCITY
(FT/S) METER/S
MEDIUM

AIR, DRY (0C AND 0.76 MMHG) 1,100 330


WOOD (SOFT - ALONG THE FIBRE) 11,100 3,400
WATER (15 C) 4,700 1,400
CONCRETE 10,200 3,100
STEEL 16,000 5,000
LEAD 3,700 1,200
GLASS 18,500 5,500
HYDROGEN (0C AND 0.76) 4,100 1,260
HEARING
The sense by which sound is perceived,
involving the entire mechanism of the internal,
middle, and external ear including the nervous
and cerebral operations that translate the
physical operations into meaningful signals.
LOUDNESS
A subjective response to sound indicating the
magnitude of the auditory sensation produced by
the amplitude of a soundwave.
PHON
A unit for measuring the apparent loudness of a
sound, equal in number to the decibels of a 1000 Hz
reference sound judge by a group of listeners to be
equal in loudness to the given sound.
SONE
A unit for measuring the apparent loudness of a
sound, judge by a group of listeners to be equal to
the loudness of a 1000-Hz reference sound having
and intensity of 40 decibels.
DECIBELS
A unit for expressing the relative pressure or
intensity of sounds on a uniform scale from 0
for the least perceptible sound to about 130 for
the average threshold of pain, Abbr,: dB

The decibel scale is a logarithmic scale


applicable to any parameter.

0dB is roughly the lowest level a normal


person can hear, but it is not the lowest level
possible.
ADDING DECIBELS

- difference between two sounds is between 0 and 1dB,


add 3dB to the higher decibel level.
-difference is between 2 and 3 you add 2dB to the higher level.
- difference is between 4 and 9 you add 1dB.
-above 10dB difference adds nothing to the higher level.

EXAMPLES:
50 + 30DB = 50DB OF PERCEIVED SOUND
50 + 50DB = 53DB OF PERCEIVED SOUND
ADDING DECIBELS
Quick recitation

50 + 30dB = ?
50 + 50dB = ?
80 +81 dB = ?
90+93 dB = ?
60 +62 dB = ?
ADDING DECIBELS
EXAMPLES OF SOUND

Jet at takeoff - 140 dB


Threshold of pain - 130 dB

Hard rock band - 120dB


Auto horn - 100dB

School cafeteria - 80 dB
Range of speech - 60 dB
Soft radio music - 40 dB
Average whisper - 20 dB

Human breathing/ rustle of leaves - 10 dB


Threshold of audibility - 0dB
LOGARITHM
The exponent indicating the power to which a
base number must be raised to arrive at a
given number.

COMMON LOGARITHM
A logarithm having a base of 10.
LOGARITHMS

Everest, F.A., and Pohlmann, K.C. (2001) Table 2-1 Ways of Expressing
Numbers. Retrieved from Fundamentals of Sound Page 25
WHAT’S
FOR NEXT
WEEK?
Everest, F.A., and Pohlmann, K.C. (2001) Table 2-1 Ways of Expressing
Numbers. Retrieved from Fundamentals of Sound Page 25

Application of LOGARITHMS
ASSIGNMENT
1. Doppler Effect
2. Echo
3. Resonance
4. Attenuation
5. Flutter

Handwritten provide drawings for each number representing it


based on the definition gathered
Use proper citation
ASSIGNMENT
Proper citation sample:

The format for citing a journal article typically includes the author(s), year of publication,
title of the article, name of the journal, volume number, issue number (if applicable), and
page range. Here's an example of how you might cite a journal article in APA format:

Smith, J. (2019). Understanding hoarding behavior: Cultural influences and


psychological mechanisms. Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 20-35.
https://doi.org/10.1234/journal.1234567890
LECTURE SOURCES
Ching, D.K. (2012). A Visual Dictionary
of Architecture, Second Edition.
Sound. 234-238.

Everest, F.A., and Pohlmann, K.C. (2001)


Fundamentals of Sound. McGraw-Hill
Companies. 1-39

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