Quantification_of_Elements_and_Compounds_-_____(Science_Grade_10_Lesson_7)
Quantification_of_Elements_and_Compounds_-_____(Science_Grade_10_Lesson_7)
Quantification of Elements
and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා
සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science
Grade 10 Lesson 7)
Tags
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 1
2. Comparison: Instead of saying how much an atom weighs in grams (which
would be a very small number), scientists compare the weights of other
atoms to this standard. For example, if an oxygen atom is heavier than
hydrogen, its relative atomic mass would be a number greater than 1.
3. Not True Mass: The relative atomic mass does not represent the actual
mass of an atom in grams. Instead, it tells us how the mass of one atom
compares to the mass of the hydrogen atom.
4. Current Standard: Today, the carbon-12 atom is often used as the standard
for relative atomic mass, with its mass set to exactly 12. This change was
made to improve accuracy in measurements.
Summary
In simple terms, relative atomic mass is a way to compare the weights of
different atoms using a standard reference atom (like hydrogen or carbon-12).
It helps scientists understand how heavy atoms are relative to each other
without dealing with tiny numbers.
Key Points
Definition: 1 AMU is defined as exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
at rest in its ground state[1][2][3].
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 2
Examples
Mass of a hydrogen-1 atom: 1.007 AMU[3]
In summary, the atomic mass unit is a convenient way to express the masses
of atoms and molecules on the atomic scale, with 1 AMU being defined as
exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 3
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 4
Relative Molecular Mass
Relative molecular mass (Mr), also known as molecular weight, is the
weighted average mass of a molecule compared to one-twelfth of the mass
of a carbon-12 atom. It is calculated by summing the relative atomic masses
of all the atoms in a molecule.
Key Points
Definition: Relative molecular mass is the total of the relative atomic
masses of the atoms in a molecule, expressed as a ratio to one-twelfth of
the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Example Calculation
For example, to calculate the relative molecular mass of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄):
Hydrogen (H): 1
Sulfur (S): 32
Oxygen (O): 16
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 5
2. Determine the number of each atom in the molecule:
H₂SO₄ has:
2 hydrogen atoms
1 sulfur atom
4 oxygen atoms
= (2 × 1) + (1 × 32) + (4 × 16)
= 2 + 32 + 64
= 98
Conclusion
The relative molecular mass of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is 98. This value is
dimensionless and provides a comparative measure of the mass of the
molecule relative to the carbon-12 standard.
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 6
Avogadro Constant
Avogadro's Constant
Key Points
1. For Elements: When you take a mass of an element equal to its relative
atomic mass in grams, it contains 6.022 × 10²³ atoms. For example:
2. For Compounds: When you take a mass of a compound equal to its relative
molecular mass in grams, it contains 6.022 × 10²³ molecules. For example:
Conclusion
Avogadro's constant helps us understand how many atoms or molecules are
in a given amount of a substance, making it a fundamental concept in
chemistry.
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 7
Mole
A mole is a unit used in chemistry to measure the amount of a substance. It's
like using a dozen to measure eggs - just like a dozen always has 12 eggs, a
mole always has 6.022 × 10²³ particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).
Some key points about the mole:
2. Particles: The particles can be atoms, molecules, ions, or any other tiny
thing in chemistry.
Molar Mass
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in
grams per mole (g/mol). It is calculated by adding together the atomic
masses of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit of that substance.
Key Points
1. Definition: Molar mass (M) is the mass of a chemical compound divided by
the amount of substance measured in moles. It tells you how much one
mole of that substance weighs.
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 8
2. Units: The standard unit for molar mass is grams per mole (g/mol), but it
can also be expressed in kilograms per mole (kg/mol).
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 9
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 10
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 11
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 12
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 13
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 14
Summery
Quantification of Elements and Compounds - මූලද්රව්ය හා සංයෝග ප්රමාණනය (Science Grade 10 Lesson 7) 15