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Blockchain Technology in Education

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................3

Background Concept of Bibliometrics Study........................................................................3

Context: Blockchain Technology in Education.................................................................3

Objectives............................................................................................................................. 3

2. Critical Analysis................................................................................................................3

Significance.......................................................................................................................... 6

3. Missing Parts of Bibliometric Analyses............................................................................6

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1. Introduction
Background Concept of Bibliometrics Study
Bibliometrics, known as research impact, is a quantitative approach to content assessment
and citation for academic publications, journals, and authors. A publication's quantitative
impact is evaluated by counting the number of times it is referenced in other sources. A
compelling impact argument in a statement of purpose and qualitative peer
review always added to bibliometrics.
Context: Blockchain Technology in Education
A distributed ledger called blockchain automatically logs and validates transactions. However, for
academic credentials to be practical, they need to be globally accepted and verifiable. Literature has
revealed that blockchain solutions enable verification processes and reduce fraudulent claims of free
schooling and achievement credits; universities can also use them to enhance educational
opportunities, specifically through records and transcripts.

Objectives
Firstly, the objective of this report is to analyze the significance and impact of blockchain technology
in the education sector, examining how this technology can improve educational approaches and solve
existing challenges. Secondly, the assignment highlights the gaps and missing components in the
current literature concerning the applications of blockchain in educational contexts, providing insights
into areas that require further exploration. Lastly, the objective is to classify the reviewed literature
thematically, focusing on strategic and regulatory aspects, as well as the educational implementation
of blockchain and its potential implications in education.

2. Critical Analysis
Authors Articles findings
(Sun, H., Wang, X., This article addresses the fundamental technical concepts and practical
2018) aspects of blockchain technology and suggests a blockchain-based
solution for the issues with online education. Solutions are
developing decentralized, smart contract and collaborative online learning
environment.
(Machado, Sousa and A bibliometric analysis was performed to find previous research on
Rocha, 2020) blockchain's application in education. Key findings reveal innovative
blockchain uses for diplomas, assessments, and formative evaluations.
(Rahardja, Hidayanto, The design and implementation of learning activities, as well as how to
Hariguna, 2019) continuously monitor the entire learning process in a distributive manner,
preventing fraud and streamlining the educational management process,
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are also discussed.

(Dash et al., 2022) This study uses bibliometric modelling to show the value of technology in
education. The study explored the importance of blockchain technology in
the government education by determining its advantages, present
situation, and possible areas for further research.
(Lutfiani et al., 2021) The blockchain technology was implemented in education 4.0 for
archiving, certification and learning purposes.
(Mohammad and This study's objective was to review published works that addressed the
Vargas, 2022) difficulties in implementing blockchain technology in the educational
field. Few of them are Stakeholder knowledge, regulatory and financial
concerns, and a lack of skilled personnel
(Iyer, Seetharaman This study evaluates the integration of blockchain technology in education
and Maddulety, 2021) during the COVID pandemic.

(Agarwal, Idrees and This study explored how blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) can
Obaid, 2021) transform the educational sector. It also discussed the improvement in the
teaching-learning process by shifting from a conventional, teacher-centric
(Siddiqui, Fakhreldin, model to one that is more focused on students.
2021)
(Rani, Sachan and The study primarily focuses on four areas: (i) blockchain-based projects;
Kukreja, 2023) (ii) current blockchain-based solutions; (iii) applications and use case
studies; (iv) advantages and difficulties in implementing technology; and
(iv) future research directions in the field of education.
(Ocheja, Agbo, Sunday This article provides original insights on historical development, current
Oyelere, 2022) issues, and practical case studies of integration with existing educational
technology. It also presents a unique qualitative analysis of blockchain
(AlShamsi, Al-Emran within the education sector.
and Shaalan, 2022)
(Yumna et al., 2019) The analysis's findings indicate that the main problems facing educational
sectors are the possibility of manipulation, the challenge of verification,
(Sunny, F.A., Hajek, and sharing records amongst universities. Following that, this paper
P., 2022) investigates how blockchain elements like verification,
and decentralization might be used to problems related to educational
facilities.
(Delgado-Von-Eitzen, The analysis of selected papers addressed current blockchain use in
Anido-Rifón and education, its beneficial features, and the issues needing resolution.
Fernández-Iglesias,
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2021)

(Haque et al., 2023) A technique for the methodical meta-analysis of blockchain

applications as well as the integration of next-generation technologies for
the implementation of education 4.0, is described in this study.
(Reis-Marques, The article lists the primary uses of blockchain technology in international
Figueiredo and De higher education and makes recommendations for further research.
Castro Neto, 2021)

(Sathya, Panda and

Hanumanthakari,
2021)
(Sousa et al., 2022) The article identifies the field of AI and Blockchain in educational sector
in terms of new approaches to learning management, and educational
contexts.
(She and Lai, 2023) The study of blockchain in education in the CNKI and Web of
Science databases is done by this article using the information
visualization program Citespace. It focuses at co-cited articles, and
relevant countries of the scientific literature.
(Raimundo and Investigation on blockchain technologies in higher education is presented
Rosário, 2021) in this research paper. The results show that blockchain is being utilized to
develop new approaches to enhance the current methods of providing,
exchanging, and protecting student records and academic data.
(Kuleto et al., 2022) In order to develop the finest sustainable educational environment, this
(Holotescu, 2018) study explores an option in which higher education institutions integrate a
blockchain network. According to an analysis of student perspectives,
blockchain technology significantly improved learning outcomes.

(Park, 2021) Blockchain innovation and its effects on education are examined in this
theoretical article. With its distributed ledgers, education blockchain
would establish new, internationally accepted norms for crypto-
learning improving data control, and validity while avoiding
socioeconomic instability.
(Chivu et al., 2022) Two specific research studies were conducted (in Romania) for this
article: one on how university teachers view the use of artificial
intelligence in the classroom, and another on how students view
the blockchain integration system that allows students to earn point credits
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that can be exchanged for cryptocurrency or online certificates to indicate

their level of contentment and validate their understanding of the course of
study.
(Amitkumar, Sanni This study suggested using blockchain technology for a system of
and Apriliasari, 2021) authorization that will secure data privacy and rights and prevent
manipulation with the storage of private information, mainly when using
(Sharma, Batth, 2020) technology in the educational setting.
(Saputra, Ochtaffia The educational record keeper, decentralized education environment, and
and Apriani, 2022b) credential issuance and management were summarized in this paper along
with the standard blockchain technology.
(N. Priya, M.
Ponnavaikko,
Aantonny, 2020)

Significance
Blockchain technology can be used to establish decentralized services like records and confidential
documents like plans and trusts. Blockchain is mostly utilized to support online assessments and
learning, data analysis in education, collaboration of resources, authorization of educational
records, management and storage, classroom instruction and discipline, and college
fundraising. In the near future, it is also expected to be used in medical records and certificates.
Numerous creative concepts built on blockchain technology have already taken off. The important
finding is the privacy and security issues with Smart Grid (SG) deployment in education. The study
also contributes to the conceptualisation of knowledge transformation for educational sustainability.

3. Missing Parts of Bibliometric Analyses

One innovative approach to addressing issues related to educational credit is the use of
blockchain technology. This technology offers significance such as trust, verification, and
data availability in developed countries. Research demand in this area began in 2016 and
grew rapidly, peaking in 2019. However, since then, the implementation of blockchain-based
technologies in education has encountered challenges, resulting in limited adoption and
scalability, similar to other sectors like healthcare, smart cities, and supply chains.
Researchers need to address the gap between data protection and transparency. This study can
leverage blockchain technology to reach a global population of learners and explore
innovative teaching strategies.
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Future studies could look into the ways in which educational sectors could collaborate and
partner with one another using the blockchain. The use of this technology in learning
environments, solutions, and facilities to lower operational costs in educational
contexts could also be investigated. The use of blockchain technology for certification and
raising the standard of online education is a crucial topic for further study (Machado, Sousa
and Rocha, 2020b). The studies recommended more research and application of the model
across different countries to improve its adaptability, even as it provides novel insights into
the factors impacting the use of blockchain in the educational sector.

Technical issues, corruption, and a lack of funding restrict access to secure records systems
and high-quality education in many underdeveloped countries. These countries may establish
a reliable, impenetrable system that increases the accessibility and authenticity of educational
records, even in remote areas, by putting blockchain technology into practice. Geographical
location, age, and socioeconomic position are some examples of demographic variables that
can have a big impact on educational access. Blockchain-based solutions can aid in closing
the digital gap by providing students from diverse backgrounds with safe, verified access to
educational materials.

For example, students from low-income families or those living in remote locations might not
have access to conventional academic background checks. By creating lifetime, portable
education records that are available to everyone, no matter their socioeconomic background,
blockchain may increase access to education and allow everyone to display their abilities and
accomplishments across a range of platforms and educational settings. In conclusion, while
taking into account a variety of demographic criteria, blockchain technology has the ability to
address important difficulties in education, especially in underprivileged countries.
Blockchain has the potential to greatly improve the transparency, convenience, and
effectiveness of the educational sector by facilitating safe credentialing, trustworthy
maintaining records, and effective educational facilities.
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