BxeE Best Ist.

leaving onda
of The
blace tate (onkgaton Inesin 3.
ame
steule
hind N
30 The
H H
X
Hindie Stenie
(2°)
br H
odue -Bo
Stotuansibon
e
H
H +OH
-ce
H
H
dehnda
Gonatutou tuuhon bimdleeua
xeoetion rat °
 ’wninoheulan The rat neocheu debeuds
SN ie test -batye bngide

Cavied aut
OH
aetic aei.
taks place too
was , aleeol
1t olveut lke eetiou
An pola
probc
tuwo M sebs then mte
taks þlare
in

When neaein
Solvaien
to da detninesl
Steb i. + Bo
-Bo Aine sho steh detemims te o
and it
:Rate deter
"dojods
Rat
onty
neche debond onti on al
Suh2 it is
fost stef Kalde aind mot on Hyo
z The onlu netan 3 7271

H Dill be chag disposal and

ye 3°
fomatsn c=
 and eftiol Auhut

h all divectiong

Panefolastet
Neee brism
aleirr oxbonate

: Such substonce lat ae

Upbialyttie subsonee actie substonces.

-flane fokrsed ight

OPTICALY
ActIVE
SUsSTANCE

laea nsty oexto otaloy

 e alled oto

Chinlatie
Bis of shoc

P9.RiMis
Sutes nfosable
mise mag

All hese ae
nor ymmdty tã
Sme key do notfave fone
Galle hisal hieh mteng hond
uignulu fern chea
al mmebitoinl
ChSy

A
These ave

Non subeumasble
helborle Sufoinfosrbk
Non-krontiomgs.
 Ative
(2)Buton-2-ol
HO-C H C-OH
bzame2
Buton
s ae
Bovd
T(GoH)
direotio imposabilit sube check To
sluste"I" mi
shcká inl8e, baon it cotil imae () Poaotool n-2-
tat way img Minos
H 3
H
3 -OH
(uhiae)
Exomple-l. H
bidoshed
ne
vehaeyeut Sid
wa
ththind
e to bond (*
ine
ofcoutcoming apa ndicatn
ne blo
Stoeataka. allod iocand
calld isatons
atom carbon chicol
 Racemle Medtfetoiu ’(d) o Rotatsu cul to one cbtical isoweL
Kacemie mtin o ealatons(detoand(aeoo)
(anelhd by ansha
semes ie enantionrs|
ohbual
and make it zeo
Anegutmale mistine obtulkotalan aoalor
mixtne . It has ZerD Con cel ob tial
Ralemic
is called

cmbcand into acmic Achisal

oetiie
cenisalent slo
it is Calld -Br
slo + Bo
SN! LBo
Pa chil

H +OH -OH
CHs

OH
OH Frot attsuk
Ren atoct
HO
Chial(ottally’Racemiabon
H 0ctive

SN, tine(goaly)-
'inoebe )
Retentis
Racemic
Ra e mlsaba SN² aloys lead to invwsor
 H H

BsOH.-. C.4-Bx
OH +
()-Ocfon2-q.

(-)R&omoodome
2 loasly to
SN
Identify chiral and achiral molecules in each of the following pairs of compounds:
H H HO H

(a) H,Clim H,CMiitM (b) H,C CH,

OH Br
H,C CH, H OH
Br Br
(iü) (i)

CH, CHCH,CH, with CH,CH,CH,CH,Br CER

BemScanner
) (ii)
 (a) Identify the chiral molecule in the fllowing :

C (A.I.S.B. 20
(6) Which allkyl halide from the following pair is chiral and undergoes faster S,2 reaction?
Br
Br
(c) Out of S1 and S,2, which reaction occurs with
) Inversion of configuration (D.S.B. 201
(i) Racemisation. (D.S.B. 2014
(a) Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair:

and

ÒH
Scenned with (t)
cs (AI.S.B. 2018
e Write the strücture 6falkene formed by dehydrohalogenation of1-bromo-l-methylcyelohexane with alcoholic(AT.SB.
KOH. 2018)
Solution:
(a) In structure (i), the central carbon atom is bonded to four diferent substituents (H, OH, Br and CH,) and hence (i) is chiral.
Structure ii) has two identical Br atoms attached to central carbon atom and hence it is achiral molecule.
(b) (i) is chiral and (iü) is achiral.
fe ) is chiral and (ii) is achiral.
CS Scanned with CamScanner
 Soution:
(a) 2chlorobutane is a chiral molecule

(6) i chiral
Br
(e) ) 8,2 () S,1

Br CH,
CH, CH,
(e)
cs `caktd withCaScher
1-Bromo-l-mthyi
GyclobexDe
 Reaction with metals Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction8
alkanes
Na, ether ag KOH
CH,CH,CH,CH,
Wurtz reaction
+ CH,OH alcohol
Nat -0CH, ’ C,H,0CH, ethers
Mg, ether
CH,CH,MgBr KNO C,H,ONO alkyl nitrites
Grignard reagent AgNO, ’ CHNO, nitroalkanes
CH,COOAs C,H,C00CH, esters
Elimination reaction
Alc. KOH
H,C = CH,
alkene C,H,Br ’C,H,NH,
pri. amine C,H,),NH-C4)
(CH)NBr
NaSH
CH,SH thioalcohols
C, H, Za/Cu NaSCH, C,H,SCH, thioethers
Couple
HI, redP CH,C= CNa
C, H, Zn/Cu ’C,H,C =C CH, allkynes
AgCN
C,H,NC isocyanides
Sn/HCI KCN
C, HHg Ni or Pd, 525 K CN cyanides
Reduction C o

Scanned with
dil. HCI Ni, H,
cs Compounds with one C atom more FCH,CONH oHcOOH. CHOENH
amide
(Mak ada) CHCH =CH, t
OH
OH

Mechanisn
| Prooabio alkene

H H H

H
H H H

H¢- +Ö: -¢--ß

H

alooe
H-¢--OH+H--H
H
H
Mechanism
Step 1: Formation of protonated alcohol.
H H Fast H
H-(-¢-!-H +H H -¢--H
H H H H
Ethanol Protonated alcohol
(Ethyl Oxonium ion)
Step 2: Formation of carbocation: It is the slowest step and hence, the
rate determining step of the reaction.
H H H H H
H-¢-¢-H
H H
H-¢-*+ H,0
H H
Step 3: Formation of ethene by elimnination of a proton.
H H
H
H- ct + H
H H H
CHCHCyt(

BH
9

3ÖH
RC-H
 H,SO +CH-CH, an alkyl halide is reacted with sodium alkoxide.
443 K
CH,CHHOH R-X+ R- Na. R-8-R + Na X
H,SO,
413 K
CHOCH, Better results are obtained if the alkyl halide is
primary (as tert. halide under goes elimination
reaction)
CH5
-Br +Ña-CH,CH-Ç-CH,+NaBr
H,
+CH,OH
2-Methylpropene
1ÖH
+ NaOH Aryl halide + sodium
alkoxide-’?
 leveee co Borde
C-0 methee
Kules lo
faole SN'meoniam
 SN medonism
the kalde
o tH 3

bond betisen GHo

he
This is bcause
(o) suel

Pheno
pH

Phenol