Scribd
Upload
2 views

polynomials

The document provides an overview of polynomials, including definitions of terms, coefficients, and types such as linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials. It explains concepts like the degree of a polynomial, zeroes, factorization methods, and algebraic identities with examples. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of practicing polynomial problems and provides exemplar problems for better understanding.

Uploaded by

joshuasvibrantlife
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

polynomials

The document provides an overview of polynomials, including definitions of terms, coefficients, and types such as linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials. It explains concepts like the degree of a polynomial, zeroes, factorization methods, and algebraic identities with examples. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of practicing polynomial problems and provides exemplar problems for better understanding.

Uploaded by

joshuasvibrantlife
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

POLYNOMIALS

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT
Introduction
Polynomials are mathematical expressions containing one or more terms.
The word polynomial is made up of two words, poly means 'many' and
nominal means 'terms', so altogether it is said as “many terms”

Polynomials in One Variable


Polynomials in one variable are expressions which has one type of variable in

moc.yahskaelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


the entire expression. Eg- 3x, 4y + y etc.
Terms: Terms are the ‘expressions” in a polynomial.
expression ka matlab hota hai “variables aur constants ka solid mix

Example- Polynomial x² + 2x mein, x² aur 2x ko TERMS kehte hain

Coefficient:The numerical factor of a term is known as coefficient. For


example, in the term 2x², 2 is the coefficient.
Variable: The “alphabets” or “letters” in a polynomial are known as
variables.

Constant Polynomial
Constant polynomials are just “constant numbers” with no variables.
Ex- 2,3,5 etc...
polynomial ka exponent hamesha “whole number” hona chahiye. .
For example, x + 5x + 2 is not a polynomial since the exponent of x is -2,
-2

which is not a whole number.


(mcq me poocha ja saktha hai)
Degree of the Polynomial: The “highest power” of the polynomial is
called the degree of the polynomial.
For the polynomial 3x⁷-4x⁶+x+9 the degree is “7“ because x⁷ has the
highest power.

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT
Types of Polynomials

Linear polynomial Quadratic Polynomial


(degree = 1) (degree = 2)

Cubic Polynomial
(degree = 3)

Ek non-zero constant polynomial ka degree “zero” hota hai.


The degree of the zero polynomial is not defined

moc.yahskaelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


Zeroes of Polynomial
The zeroes of polynomials are the points where the polynomial is equal to
“0" as a whole.
p(1) = 1 – 1 = 0. As p(1) = 0, we say that 1 is a zero of the polynomial p(x)

POINTS TO REMEMBER
Every linear polynomial in one variable has a “unique zero”
A non-zero constant polynomial has “no zero“
Every real number is a “zero” of the ‘zero polynomial’

Example: Check whether –2 and 2 are zeroes of the polynomial x + 2.


Solution: Let p(x) = x + 2. Note: Jab zeroes check karne ka
=> p(2) = 2 + 2 = 4 question ae toh given values ko
=> p(–2) = –2 + 2 = 0 equation me put karke dekhna
and jo value zero output degi wahi
Therefore, –2 is a “zero” of the
answer hogi!
polynomial x + 2, but 2 is not.
Factorisation of Polynomials
x – a is a factor of the polynomial p(x), if p(a) = 0.
Also, if x – a is a factor of p(x), then p(a) = 0.(vice versa)

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT
Yeh rahe kuch tareeke
jinse aap factorization Common Factorization
kar sakte hain Using Identities
By Regrouping
By Splitting the Middle Term

yeh methods aapko questions solve karne me bahut madad


karegi...jabki aapko patha hona chahiye ki kab aur kis situation pe iski
istamal hota hai...

Example:

moc.yahskaelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


Solution:
( Ese questions ki jitni practice
ho sake utni karo )

Example:
Solution: [Now, expand 23x² and 142x to get
common factors]

[split the middle term now]

NOTE: “Splitting the middle term” can be used only for quadratic equations
Algebraic Identities
2 2 2

2 2 2

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT
2 2
Yeh zaroor yaad kar lena aage
2
classes me bhi kaam aega!

2 2 2 2

3 3 3

3 3 3

3 3 3

Example: Expand (4a – 2b – 3c)² [Hint: use the identities]

Solution: In Identity V, we have (X + Y + Z) = X + Y + Z + 2XY + 2YZ + 2ZX


Put the given numbers in the place of X,Y,Z
X= 4a => (4a – 2b – 3c)² =[4a + (–2b) + (–3c)]²

moc.yahskaelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


Y= -2b
=> (4a)²+ (–2b)² + (–3c)² + 2(4a)(–2b) + 2(–2b)(–3c) + 2(–3c)(4a)
Z= -3c
=> 16a² + 4b² + 9c² – 16ab + 12bc – 24ac

Example: Factorise : 8x³ + y³ + 27z³ – 18xyz


Solution: Identity VII: X + Y + Z - 3XYZ = (X + Y + Z) (X² + Y² + Z² - XY - YZ -ZX)
GIven:- 8x³ + y³ + 27z³– 18xyz
=>(2x)³ + y³ + (3z)³ – 3(2x)(y)(3z)
=>(2x + y + 3z)[(2x)² + y² + (3z)² – (2x)(y)(3z) – (2x)(3z)]
=> (2x + y + 3z) (4x² + y² + 9z² – 2xy – 3yz – 6xz)

{kya ab samjha ki identities yaad rakhna kitni important hai? Math ke khel
mein, identities “weapons” jaisi hain.}
Exemplar Problems
Question Show that, x + 3 is a factor of 69 + 11x – x2 + x3
Solution: Let p(x) = x3 – x2 + 11x + 69
x + 3 is a factor of p(x) if p(-3) = 0
Now, p(-3) = (-3)3 – (-3)2 + 11(-3) + 69
= – 27 – 9 – 33 + 69 = 0

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT
Therefore, (x + 3) is a factor of p(x).

Question Determine which of the following polynomial has x – 2 a factor


(i) 3x2 + 6x – 24
(ii) 4x2+ x – 2
Solution: (i) Let p(x) = 3x2 + 6x – 24 … (1)
Substituting x = 2 in (1), we get
p(2) = 3(2)2 + 6(2) – 24
= 12 + 12 – 24 = 0
Hence, x – 2 is a factor of p(x).
(ii)Let p(x) = 4x2 + x – 2 … (2)
Substituting x = 2 in (2), we get

moc.yahskaelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


p(2) = 4(2)2 + 2 – 2 = 16 ≠ 0
Hence, x – 2 is not a factor of p(x).
Question For what value of m is x3 -2mx2 +16 divisible by x + 2?
Solution: Let p(x) = x3 – 2mx2 + 16
Since, p(x) is divisible by (x+2), then remainder = 0
P(-2) = 0
⇒ (-2)3 – 2m(-2)2 + 16 = 0
⇒ -8 – 8m + 16 = 0
⇒ 8m = 8
m=1
Hence, the value of m is 1.

NOTE : Worksheet [Important Questions Of All typology with


Answers) is provided as Seperate PDF on website padhleakshay.com

You might also like