Botswana International University of Science and Technology

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

TEST I
____________________________________________________________
Course code: CHEE 322

Course Title: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

Level: 300 (3rd Year)

Date: 06 March 2023

__________________________________________________________________________________

Time allowed: 2 hours Total Marks: 70

The following items are provided:

● Question Paper
● Answer Booklet
● Graph paper, Steam tables, Pure property tables and Lee/Kegler Tables
Instructions to candidates:

1. Answer ALL questions.

2. Cell phones or any other communications device are strictly prohibited
QUESTION 1
[18]

a) Define the following thermodynamics terms;

(i) Isolated System (2)
(ii) Isochoric process (2)
(iii) Extensive properties (2)

b) State the First Law of Thermodynamics and its subsequent defining equation (2)

c) Argon gas is enclosed in a cylinder and confined by a piston at an initial volume of 0.10
m3. Latches were used in the cylinder wall to hold the piston. The process was in air at
atmospheric pressure of 101.3 KPa.

Calculate the energy change of the system if the latches are removed so that the gas
expands to twice its initial volume (Assuming the rate of exchange of heat between the
system and the surrounding is slow when comparing with the rate at which the process
occurs? (4)

d) State the degree of freedom for each of the following systems

(i) Boiling liquid water that is in equilibrium with its vapour (2)
(ii) Boiling liquid water in equilibrium with a mixture of water vapour and nitrogen
(2)
(iii) A liquid solution of alcohol in water in equilibrium with its vapour (2)

Solution
a)
(i)Isolated system is the one in which there is no exchange of matter and energy between the system
and the surrounding 2 Mark.
(ii)Isochoric Process: This is a process in which the volume or the specific volume of the system
remains constant 2 Mark.
(iii) Extensive Properties: These are properties that depend on the quantity of the material involved
2
Mark.
b)
(c) First law of Thermodynamics is mathematically expressed as
 ∆ U =Q+W ∨dU =dQ+dW 2 Mark

c)
Work done on the system is given by W =P ∆ V

( 4.2−8.4 )
W =−20 x 103 =84 J
1000
d)
(i) There is only once chemical species but existing in two phases which are liquid and vapour

Phase Rule expression is F=2−π + N , with π=2 , N=1 , then F=1

This implies that degree of freedom is 1 1 Mark
(ii) Two chemical species are present in (ii), i.e, water and nitrogen, also there are two phases, then, using
the phase rule expression,

π=2 , N=,2 , making F ¿ be 2

This implies degree of freedom is 2 1 Mark.
(iii), there are two chemical species here also, then F =2 from the Phase rule equation, meaning degree of
freedom is 2. 1 Mark

QUESTION 2
[15]

a) Calculate the change in internal energy and the change in enthalpy for a system of 1 Kg
of water that undergoes vaporization at constant temperature at its boiling point (100 oC)
and constant pressure of 101.33 kPa. The quantity of heat Q, added to water in the
process is 2256.9 KJ. The specific volumes of liquid and water vapour are given as
0.00104 and 1.673 m3Kg-1.
10 Marks

b) Write the mathematical relations for the following: (i) heat capacity for a closed system at
constant volume (ii) Heat capacity for a mechanical reversible closed system at constant
pressure.
5
Marks
Solution
Taken the system to be 1 kg of water, then, the number of moles n present is calculated as
1000
n= =55.55 moles
18
We can Calculate ∆ H ¿ the expression ,Q=n ∆ H =2256.9 KJ

2256.9 KJ
This implies that ∆ H = =40.6 kJ /moles
55.55 moles

40.6 KJ
We can thus calculate for 1 Kg of Water as ∆ H = x 55.55 mols
mol
2256.9 KJ
¿ Thus,
kg water
Change in Internal Energy, given as ∆ U =∆ H −P ∆ V can now be calculated as

∆ U =2256.9−101.325 ( 1.673−0.00104 )=2087.5 KJ . 8 Marks

(b(i))Expression for Heat Capacity for a closed system at constant Volume

C v= ( ∂U
∂T ) v
1 Mark

(ii) Expression for heat Capacity for a mechanical reversible system at constant Pressure

C p= ( ∂∂ HT ) p
1 Mark

QUESTION 3
[25]

Air at 1 bar and 25 oC enters a compressor at low velocity, discharges at 3 bar, and enters a nozzle in
which it expands to a final velocity of 600 ms -1 at the initial conditions of pressure and temperature. If the
work of compression is 240 kJ per kilogram of air, how much heat must be removed during compression?

Solution:
Since air returns to its initial conditions of T & P, there is no change in U and H
Potential energy changes are negligible
 .

but u1 = 0

60kJ/kg of heat must be removed

QUESTION 4
[15]

One kilogram (1 kg) of steam is contained in a piston cylinder device at 800 kPa and 473.15 K (200 oC). If
it undergoes a mechanically reversible, isothermal expansion to 150 kPa and 200 oC, determine how much
heat (Q) it absorb, how much work (W) is done in the process, the change in internal energy and the
change in enthalpy.
[10]
NB: Use 2nd law to determine Q using entropy and 1st law to determine W for both cases.

Solution:

(a) Use of steam tables to get the data:

m = 1 kg
P1 (kPa) T1 (oC) U1 (kJ/kg) H1 (kJ/kg) S1 (kJ/kg⋅K)
800 200 2629.9 2838.6 6.8148

(3)
Reversible, Isothermal expansion:
P2 (kPa) T2 (oC) U2 (kJ/kg) H2 (kJ/kg) S2 (kJ/kg⋅K)
150 200 2656.3 2872.9 7.6439

(2)

Heat absorbed:
Q=mT ( S 2−S1 )=1 ( 473.15 ) (7.6439−6.8148 ) =392.29 kJ (1)

Change in internal energy:

∆ U =m ( U 2−U 1 ) =1 ( 2656.3−2629.9 )=26.4 kJ (1)

Change in enthalpy:
∆ H =m ( H 2−H 1 )=1 ( 2872.9−2838.6 )=34.3 kJ (1)

From 1st law:

∆ U =Q+W
(1)

So: W =∆ U −Q=26.4−392.29=−365.89 kJ (1)