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Concepts of Database Management, Eighth Edition Solutions 1-1

Solution Manual for Concepts of Database

Management, 8th Edition
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Chapter 1

Introduction to Database Management

Solutions

Answers to Review Questions

Note: Answers to odd-numbered review questions are found in Appendix D of the textbook.
1. Redundancy is the duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place. Redundancy wastes
space, makes the updating of data more cumbersome and time-consuming, and can lead to inconsistencies.
2. The problems, other than redundancy, associated with the nondatabase approach to processing data include
difficulties accessing related data, limited security features to protect data from access by unauthorized users, limited
ability for multiple users to update the same data at the same time, and size limitations.
3. An entity is a person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data. An attribute, which
is also called a field or column in many database systems, is a characteristic or property of an entity.
4. A relationship is an association between entities. A one-to-many relationship exists between two entities when each
row in the first entity matches many rows in the second entity and each row in the second entity matches only one
row in the first entity.
5. A database is a structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those entities,
and the relationships among the entities.
6. In a database system, you create a one-to-many relationship by using common columns in the two tables.
7. An E-R diagram represents a database in a visual way by using a rectangle for each entity, using a line to connect
two entities that have a relationship, and placing a dot at the end of a line to indicate the “many” part of a one-to-
many relationship.
8. A database management system (DBMS) is a program, or a collection of programs, through which users interact
with a database.
9. Database design is the process of determining the table structure of the desired database.
10. A form is a screen object used to maintain, view, and print data from a database.

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Concepts of Database Management, Eighth Edition Solutions 1-2

11. It is possible to get more information from the same amount of data by using a database approach as opposed to a
nondatabase approach because all data is stored in a single database, instead of being stored in dozens of separate
files, making the process of obtaining information quicker, easier, and even possible in certain situations.
12. Sharing of data means that several users can have access to the same piece of data and use it in a variety of ways.
13. The DBA (database administrator or database administration) is the central person or group in an organization in
charge of the database and the DBMS that runs the database. The DBA attempts to balance the needs of individuals
and the overall needs of the organization.
14. Multiple copies of the same data in an organization leads to inconsistency because each piece of data can have
different values. Controlling redundancy is the result of eliminating, or at least reducing, the multiple copies.
Improved consistency is the result of this controlled redundancy.
15. An integrity constraint is a rule that the data in a database must follow. A database has integrity when the data in it
satisfies all established integrity constraints. A good DBMS should provide an opportunity for users to incorporate
these integrity constraints when they design the database. The DBMS then should ensure that these constraints are
not violated.
16. Security is the prevention of access to the database by unauthorized users. A DBMS provides security features such
as passwords. As additional security, the DBA can assign users to groups and restrict each group to certain data and
to certain types of access.
17. Data independence is the property that lets you change the structure of a database without requiring you to change
the programs that access the database. With data independence, you easily can change the structure of the database
when the need arises.
18. In a database environment, file size is a disadvantage because the DBMS is a large program that occupies a great
amount of disk space and internal memory. Also, because all the data that the database manages for you is stored in
one file, the database file itself requires a large amount of disk space and internal memory.
19. The more complex a product is in general (and a DBMS, in particular, is complex), the more difficult it is to
understand and correctly apply its features. As a result of this complexity, serious problems may result from
mistakes made by users and designers of the DBMS.
20. In a nondatabase environment, each user has a completely separate system; the failure of any single user’s system
does not necessarily affect any other user. On the other hand, if several users are sharing the same database, a failure
on the part of any one user that damages the database in some way might affect all the other users.
21. The great complexity of a database structure makes recovery more difficult. In addition, many users update the data
at the same time, which means that recovering the database involves not only restoring it to the last state in which it
was known to be correct, but also performing the complex task of redoing all the updates made since that time.
22. [Critical Thinking] Answers will differ but students should have reasons for their responses. Any error to a student
transcript/record, such as incorrect grade, courses not listed correctly; incorrect contact information could be an error
that may cause a student to lose a job opportunity, a scholarship, or a loan. It also could affect whether they
graduate.

23. [Critical Thinking] No. The only attributes that would be the same would be contact and demographic information
such as, name, address, phone number, age, and gender. Other attributes are specific to the database context. A
medical database would have attributes to describe, for example, health conditions, previous appointments, lab
results. and medications. A student database would have attributes to describe, for example, courses taken, advisor,
gpa, number of credits, and academic major. A fitness database would have attributes to describe for example,
membership level, athletic ability, fitness classes, fees, and liability waivers.

Answers to TAL Distributors Exercises

Note: Data and solution files are available at www.cengage.com. Data files consist of copies of the TAL Distributors,
Colonial Adventure Tours, and Solmaris Condominium Group databases that are usable in Access 2010 and Access 2013,
and script files to create the tables and data in these databases in other systems, such as Oracle.

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Concepts of Database Management, Eighth Edition Solutions 1-3

1. Toys Galore, The Everything Shop, Johnson’s Department Store, Grove Historical Museum Store, Cards and More,
Cricket Gift Shop, Unique Gifts, and All Season Gifts
2. Patience, Mancala, and Cribbage Set
3. 51617, 51623
4. DR67, Giant Star Brain Teaser, $766.80; FH24, Puzzle Gift Set, $2531.75; KD34, Pentominoes Brain Teaser,
$897.00; MT03, Zauberkasten Brain Teaser, $2,060.55
5. The Everything Shop, Almondton General Store
6. Grove Historical Museum Store
7. $11,406.35 ($1210.25 Toys Galore; $5,025.75 Cards and More; $4,234.60 Cress Store; $935.75 All Season Gifts)
8. 51608, 10/12/2015, 126, Toys Galore; 51610, 10/12/2015, 334, The Everything Shop; 51613, 10/13/2015, 386,
Johnson’s Department Store; 51614, 10/13/2015, 260, Brookings Direct; 51617, 10/15/2015, 586, Almondton
General Store; 51619, 10/15/2015, 126, Toys Galore; 51623, 10/15/2015, 586, Almondton General Store; 51625,
10/16/2015, 796, Unique Gifts
9. 51613, 10/13/2015, 386, Johnson’s Department Store; 51614, 10/13/2015, 260, Brookings Direct
10. 51617, Almondton General Store, Hui Tian; 51619, Toys Galore, Rafael Campos; 51623, Almondton General Store,
Hui Tian
11. [Critical Thinking] Answers will vary but students should have reasons for their responses. Telephone number and
email address are the most obvious choices for contact information.
12. [Critical Thinking] Answers will vary but students should have reasons for their responses. Employee is the most
obvious entity to add to the database. Another entity is department, that is, the department in which the employee
works.

Answers to Colonial Adventure Tours Case

Note: Data and solution files are available at www.cengage.com. Data files consist of copies of the TAL Distributors,
Colonial Adventure Tours, and Solmaris Condominium Group databases that are usable in Access 2010 and Access 2013,
and script files to create the tables and data in these databases in other systems, such as Oracle.
1. Abrams, Devon, Marston, Rowan, Stevens, Unser
2. Bloomfield - Maidstone, Chocorua Lake Tour, Mason’s Farm, Lake Mephremagog Tour, Long Pond Tour, Lower
Pond Tour, Missisquoi River - VT, Northern Forest Canoe Trail, Pontook Reservoir Tour
3. Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Baldpate Mountain, Bloomfield – Maidstone, Cadillac Mountain, Mason’s Farm, Lake
Mephremagog Tour, Lower Pond Tour, Metacomet-Monadnock Trail Hike, Park Loop Ride, Pontook Reservoir
Tour, Pondicherry Trail Ride, Westfield River Loop
4. Bradbury Mountain Ride, Park Loop Ride
5. Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Mt Ascutney - West Peak, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Cherry Pond, Lake Mephremagog
Tour, Mount Cardigan Hike, McLennan Reservation Hike, Missisquoi River – VT, Pondicherry Trail Ride, Seal
Beach Harbor, Sawyer River Ride
6. Mt Ascutney - West Peak, Bradbury Mountain Ride, Blueberry Mountain, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Cannon Mtn,
Huguenot Head Hikde, Low Bald Spot Hike, Mount Battie Ride, Mount Cardigan Hike, Mount Garfield Hike,
Sawyer River Ride
7. 6 (2 for CT and 4 for VT)
8. Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Long Pond, McLennan Reservation Hike
9. Bradbury Mountain Ride, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Mount Battie Ride, Westfield River Loop
10. Gernowski, Mt. Cardigan - Firescrew, Orange; Bretton-Borak, Tamworth

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Concepts of Database Management, Eighth Edition Solutions 1-4

11. 13
12. Arethusa Falls, Hiking, Zach Gregory, Hal Rowan; Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Hiking, Miles Abrams, Lori Stevens;
Bradbury Mountain Ride, Biking, Rita Boyers, Zach Gregory; Baldpate Mountain, Hiking, Susan Kiley, Glory
Unser; Chocorua Lake Tour, Paddling, Harley Devon, Susan Kiley, Glory Unser
13. Siam Bretton-Borak, Sawyer River Ride, Biking, Chocorua Lake Tour, Paddling; Brianne Brown, Sawyer River
Ride, Biking, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Hiking; Karen Busa, Mount Garfield Hike, Hiking, Mount Battie Ride,
Biking; Clement Chau, Long Pond, Hiking, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Biking; Sadie Gernowski, Bradbury Mountain
Ride, Biking, Mt. Cardigan - Firescrew, Hiking; Ryan Goff, Mount Cardigan Hike, Hiking, Crawford Path
Presidentials Hike, Hiking; Liam Northfold, Wachusett Mountain, Hiking, Long Pond, Hiking; Arnold Ocean, Mt
Ascutney - West Peak, Hiking, Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Hiking
14. Busa, Mount Battie Ride, Biking; Gernowski, Bradbury Mountain Ride, Biking
15. Gernowski, Chau, Brown, Marchand, Busa
16. [Critical Thinking] No. You can calculate the total price by adding the trip price and the other fees and then
multiplying by the number of people.
17. [Critical Thinking] You would place the trip cost field in the Trip table.

Answers to Solmaris Condominium Group Case

Note: Data and solution files are available at www.cengage.com. Data files consist of copies of the TAL Distributors,
Colonial Adventure Tours, and Solmaris Condominium Group databases that are usable in Access 2010 and Access 2013,
and script files to create the tables and data in these databases in other systems, such as Oracle.
1. AD057, Adney, Bruce and Jean; AN175, Anderson, Bill; BL720, Blake, Jack; EL025, Elend, Bill and Sandy;
FE182, Feenstra, Daniel; JU092, Juarez, Maria; KE122, Kelly, Alyssa; NO225, Norton, Peter and Caitlin; RO123,
Robinson, Mike and Jane; SM072, Smeltz, Jim and Cathy; TR222, Trent, Michael; WS032, Wilson, Henry and
Karen
2. 3, 5, 8, 13, and 14
3. Smeltz, Jim and Cathy, 922 Garland Dr.; Wilson, Henry and Karen, 25 Nichols St.
4. Anderson, Bill, Brunswick; Robinson, Mike and Jane, Springs
5. Anderson, Bill, Brunswick; Trent, Michael, Glander Bay
6. A01, A03, B01, C01, C02, C06
7. Elend, Bill and Sandy, 201; Feenstra, Daniel, 405; Smeltz, Jim and Cathy, B01
8. 1, 201, EL025; 2, A03, TR222
9. 9, 725; 14, 1,540
10. 2, Elend (there are two service requests for CondoID 2 with the word pantry in the description)
11. [Critical Thinking] If the service fees are dependent on the type of service, the service fees would be an attribute in
the ServiceCategory table.
12. [Critical Thinking] Location supervisor attributes would be in the Location table.

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
beginning to feel lonely, and to yell out, 'Papa, papa!' at the top of
his voice.
"There were some Prussians passing along the road. I could see
their sabres and their long legs through the casement of the
underground room. Suddenly the idea struck me—'If they enter the
child is lost.' That was enough. I trembled no longer. In a second I
dragged the corpse under the bench, covered it with planks and
shavings, and hurried up the stairs to join the child.
"'Here I am!' I said.
"'What is the matter, papa? How pale you are!'
"'Come, let us get on!'
"I declare to you that the 'Cossacks' might hustle me, or regard me
with suspicion, but I would not take any notice of them. It seemed
that some one was running after me, and crying out behind us all
the time. Once when a horseman came galloping up, I thought I
would have fallen down in a faint! However, after I had passed the
bridges I began to pull myself together. Saint Denis was full of
people. There was no risk of our being fished out of the crowd. Then
I only thought of our little cottage. The Prussians would surely burn
it when they found their comrade, to say nothing of the risk of
Jaquot, my neighbour, the water-bailiff, who, being the only
Frenchman left in the hamlet, would be held responsible for the
dead soldier! Truly it was scarcely plucky to save myself in such a
way!
"I felt that I must arrange for the concealment of the body
somehow! The nearer we came to Paris the closer I cherished this
idea. I could not leave that Prussian in my basement. So at the
ramparts I hesitated no longer.
"'You go on,' I said to the brat, 'I have another place to visit in Saint
Denis.'
"I embraced him, and turned back. My heart was beating rather fast,
but all the same I felt easier in my mind, not having the child with
me then.
"When I again reached
Villeneuve, night was
approaching. I kept my
eyes open, you may
depend, and advanced
foot by foot. The place
seemed quiet enough,
however. I could discern
the hut still standing
yonder in the mist.
There was a long black
line, or row, upon the
quay. This 'palisade' was
composed of Prussians
calling the roll. A
splendid opportunity to
find the house deserted.
As I made my way along
I noticed Father Jaquot
engaged in drying his
nets. Decidedly nothing
was known yet. I
entered my house, I
went down into the
basement and felt about
among the shavings. "I RAISED HIM ON MY BACK."
The Prussian was there!
There were also a couple of rats already busy at work at his helmet,
and, for a moment, I had a horrible fright, when I felt his chinstrap
move! Was he reviving? No; his head was heavy and cold.
"I crouched in a corner and waited. I had the idea to throw the body
into the Seine when the others were all asleep.
"I do not know whether it was the proximity of the dead, but I was
uncommonly sorry when the Prussians sounded the 'retreat' that
night. Loud trumpet blasts resounded—Ta-ta-ta! three by three,
regular toad's music. It is not to such music that our fellows wish to
go to bed!
"For some five minutes I heard the clanking of sabres, the tapping at
doors; and then the soldiers entered the court-yard and began to
shout—
"'Hofmann! Hofmann!'
"Poor Hofmann remained quite quiet under his shavings; but 'twas I
who was on the alert. Every instant I expected to see the guard
enter. I had picked up the dead man's sabre, and there I was ready,
but saying to myself, 'If you get out of this scrape, my boy, you will
owe a splendid wax taper to Saint John the Baptist of Belleville!'

"I PUSHED AND PUSHED."

"However, after they had called several times my tenants decided to
return. I could hear their heavy boots upon the staircase, and in a
few moments the whole house was snoring like a country clock. This
was all I had been waiting for. I looked out.
"The place was deserted; all the houses were in darkness. Good for
me! I redescended quickly, drew my Hofmann from beneath the
bench, stood him upright, raised him on my back, like a burden, or a
bale. But wasn't he heavy, the brigand! What with his weight, my
terror, and the want of food, I was afraid that I should not have
strength to reach my destination. Then no sooner had I reached the
centre of the quay than I heard someone walking behind me. I
turned round. There was no one! The moon was rising. I said to
myself, 'I must look out; the sentries will fire!'
"To add to my trouble the Seine was low. If I had cast the corpse on
the bank it would have remained there as in a cistern. I went on; no
water! I could not go out any farther: my breath came thick and
short. I panted. At length when I thought I had gone far enough, I
threw down my load. There he goes into the mud! I pushed and
pushed! Hue! There!
"Fortunately a puff of wind came up from the east, the river rose a
little, and I felt the 'Maccabee' leave his moorings gently. Pleasant
journey to him! I took a draught of water, and quickly mounted the
bank.

"As I passed the bridge at Villeneuve the people were gazing at

something black in the water. At that distance it had the appearance
of a wherry. It was my Prussian, who was coming down on the
current, in the middle of the stream!"
Portraits of Celebrities at different
times of their Lives.

From a Painting by Sir Thomas

Lawrence, P.R.A.
AGE 22.

ALFRED TENNYSON.
Born 1809.
 he novel portrait gallery which is here commenced, and
in which it is our purpose to give portraits, month by
month, of the most eminent men and women of the
day at different times of life, cannot be more fitly
opened than with those of the great poet whose name
has been for more than fifty years the glory of our
literature. Portraits of Lord Tennyson in youth are rare; but Lord
Tennyson himself has had the kindness to assist us. "Mayall, of
Regent-street," he writes, "has done the best photograph, and
Cameron, of 70, Mortimer-street, has a photograph, as a young
man, from a portrait by Lawrence." These are the two here
reproduced. Both have a special interest, besides the interest of
comparison which belongs to all the series: the first, as a portrait of
the poet, by one of the best artists of that day, at an age when his
first volume—tiny, but of dazzling promise—had just been given to
the world; and the second, as that which Lord Tennyson regards as
the best portrait of himself in later life.
From a Photograph by Mayall, Regent
Street.
AGE 52.
From a Painting.
AGE 5.
 From a Lithograph.
AGE 45.

PROF. BLACKIE.
Born 1809.

e are indebted to the kindness of Professor Blackie for three portraits

of himself at widely different ages. Three-quarters of a century is so
vast a span of human life, that the resemblance between the
charming little boy of five in frills and the grey Professor of eighty,
who might be his great-grandfather, though distinctly traceable, may
not at first be visible to all. At five years old John Stuart Blackie was,
we may assume, most interested in tops and pop-guns; at forty-five
he was a University Professor, and just returning from his tour to
 Athens,
which
was the
origin
of his
well-
known
advocacy of the
study of modern
Greek; at eighty he
was—as he still is,
and as we trust he
may long be—at
once the most
learned and the most
popular of living
Scotchmen.

From a Photograph by Messrs. Elliott &

Fry.
AGE 80.
AGE 21.
AGE 30.
AGE 36.
 AGE 54.

THE REV. C. H. SPURGEON.

Born 1834.

ost men born to be great preachers have, at the age of

twenty-one, not yet attempted their first sermon. Four
years before that age Mr. Spurgeon, "the boy
preacher," was speaking every Sunday to a crowd
which overflowed the chapel doors and mobbed the
very windows. Before 1855—the date of our first
portrait—he had been called to London, and was drawing such a
throng to the chapel in New Park-street, that the building had
speedily to be enlarged. That year was also memorable for another
reason; in January Mr. Spurgeon issued the first sermon of the
unexampled series which was to run without an interruption, week
by week, for five-and-thirty years. Long before the date of our
second portrait, the New Park-street chapel, in spite of its
enlargement, had become too small to hold the congregation. The
Metropolitan Tabernacle was erected, and from that time down to
this has been crowded every Sunday to the doors.
For leave to reproduce the portraits above given, our thanks are due
alike to Mr. Spurgeon, and to Messrs. Passmore & Alabaster, to
whom the copyright belongs.

From a Photo. by Miss Bond, Southsea.

AGE 8.

From a Photo. by Window & Grove.

AGE 18.
From a Photo. by Window & Grove.
AGE 28.
 From a Photo. by Window & Grove.
PRESENT DAY.

MISS ELLEN TERRY.

here is an old wives' saying, that pretty children often

grow up plain, and vice versâ; but, as our readers may
determine for themselves, Miss Ellen Terry has been
always charming. And she has always been an actress.
At the age of eight, as our first portrait shows her, she
was playing as the child Mamillius in the "The Winter's Tale," with
Charles Kean's company, at the Princess's, and was already giving
promise of the mingled power and charm which perhaps have never
been more fully manifest than in the part of Lucy Ashton, which all
London is now crowding the Lyceum to see.
For all the photographs here reproduced we have to thank the
kindness of Miss Terry.

From a Photograph by Messrs. Walker

& Sons.
AGE 29.
From a Photograph by Messrs. Lock &
Whitfield.
AGE 30.
From a Photograph.
AGE 39.
 From a Photograph by Mr. S. A. Walker.
AGE 42.

HENRY IRVING.
Born 1838.

r. Irving wearing a moustache presents an unfamiliar aspect; but

such was his appearance when, in 1867, he had just made his great
success in "Hunted Down," at Manchester. The year after, Mr. Irving
deprived himself of his moustache in order to play Dorincourt in
 "The Belle's Stratagem," and appeared as in our
second portrait—which, however, he assures us, is a
shade too plump to be his accurate presentment. Ten
years later, when Mr. Irving was preparing to amaze
the world as Hamlet, at the Lyceum, his features had
assumed the well-known aspect which they wear in our
third portrait, and which is still more visible in the last
of the series, which has been selected as one of Mr. Irving's
favourites among the stock of photographs which he has very kindly
placed at our disposal.
 AGE 29.
From a Photograph by Messrs. Elliott
& Fry.
 From a Photograph by Messrs. Elliott &
Fry.
AGE 52.

ALGERNON C. SWINBURNE.
Born 1837.

t has been said that every poet destined to become famous has
written a great poem before five-and-twenty. Mr. Swinburne is,
however, an exception to this rule. He was seven-and-twenty when,
 1864, he published "Atalanta in Calydon," his first great
work, and the finest imitation of a Greek play ever
written. Two years later, the first series of "Poems and
Ballads" proved conclusively that the new singer who
had arisen must be classed with Shelley at the head of
all the lyric bards of England. Mr. Swinburne's
appearance at that time is given in the first of our two
portraits, which is said by those who knew him to be an admirable
likeness.
Nearly a quarter of a century has since elapsed, and it is interesting
to notice how the course of years, which has failed to tame the fiery
vigour of his verse, has wrought the younger aspect of the poet into
the older and still finer one.

From a Photograph by Messrs. Maull &

 Co.
AGE 19.

From a Photo. by Messrs. Sayer & Bird,

Norwich.
AGE 28.
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