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AGRICULTURE 0600/11
Paper 1 Theory October/November 2024

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer two questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 100.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 24 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ) 337975
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Section A

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 The statements, A to D, describe features of different farming practices.

A growing a crop in water instead of soil

B growing fish in ponds

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C growing a crop using no chemicals to control pests

D growing trees on a hill

(a) Identify the statement which links best to:

(i) hydroponics Answer A, B, C or D ....................................... [1]

(ii) forestry Answer A, B, C or D ....................................... [1]

(iii) aquaculture. Answer A, B, C or D ....................................... [1]

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(b) (i) Some farms grow genetically modified (GM) crops.

Describe two potential advantages of growing GM crops.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

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[2]

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(ii) Explain two ways that growing GM crops could reduce farm profits.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 9]
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2 The diagram shows a shallow-rooted plant growing in a sandy soil profile.

(a) Label the following layers of the soil profile on the diagram.

subsoil topsoil

shallow-rooted
plant
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[2]

(b) Explain two reasons why a shallow-rooted plant might not grow well in a sandy soil.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
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(c) Suggest two ways that a farmer could increase the yield of a shallow-rooted crop growing in
a sandy soil.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

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[2]

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[Total: 8]

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3 (a) To provide suitable environmental conditions farmers often choose to grow plants indoors, as
shown in the photograph.
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(i) Suggest how the plants growing inside the building can be provided with the following:

a suitable temperature ......................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

sufficient water. ..................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Suggest how two other named environmental conditions could be controlled inside this
building.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) Describe how each of the following climatic conditions affect the growth rate of a plant:

cold ...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

dry. ............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) Farmers may use different methods to control pests within farm buildings. The table shows
information about different pest control treatments in a building.

biological pest control chemical pest control

average number of pests on average number of pests on
plant plant
before after before after
treatment treatment treatment treatment
aphid 155 78 150 7
leaf miner 54 50 49 7

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(i) Calculate the percentage of leaf miner remaining after chemical pest control.

...................................... % [1]

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(ii) The table suggests that chemical pest control is better at removing pests than biological
pest control.

Suggest two reasons why some farmers still prefer to use biological pest control.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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[2]

[Total: 9]

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4 (a) The nitrogen cycle has many processes.

(i) Draw three lines to correctly match each description to a nitrogen cycle process.

description nitrogen cycle process

decomposition
nitrites are converted into nitrates
denitrification
nitrogen from the air is processed by bacteria
nitrification
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soil nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas

nitrogen fixation
[3]

(ii) State the nitrogen cycle process from (a)(i) that is carried out in legumes.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Other than their role in the nitrogen cycle, describe two ways that legume crops may help
maintain soils.

1 ................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]
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5 Some plants reproduce using sexual reproduction.

(a) Describe two features of sexual reproduction.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

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[2]

(b) (i) State what is meant by pollination.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(ii) The photograph shows a flower being pollinated by an insect.

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State two features of an insect-pollinated flower. Explain how each feature helps
increase pollination by insects.

feature 1 ............................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................

feature 2 ............................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c) Suggest why it is important to ensure pollination in crop plants.

...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]

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6 (a) State two differences between a ruminant digestive system and a non-ruminant digestive
system.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) Describe a main function of each of the following:

large intestine ...........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

oesophagus ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

small intestine ...........................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

liver. ..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 6]

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7 A ration is the food provided to a farm animal by a farmer.

(a) State what is meant by:

a maintenance ration ................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

a production ration. ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
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[2]

(b) (i) Other than controlling parasites, suggest two actions a farmer could take to reduce the
spread of infectious disease.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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[2]

(ii) Explain one way that livestock parasites could affect a farming business.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]
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8 (a) State what is meant by the carrying capacity of a grazing system.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A farmer keeps cattle in an extensive grazing system.

Suggest why the following tasks are important in this extensive grazing system:

bush control ..............................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

monitoring stocking rate ...........................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

controlled use of fire. ................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

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(c) The graph shows the results of an investigation about the mass increase of young animals
kept in seven separate paddocks of the same size for the same length of time.

paddock number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
200

150
percentage
mass 100
increase

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50

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
number of animals per paddock

(i) Describe the trend shown by the graph.

...........................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) Suggest two reasons for the trend shown by the graph.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(iii) Other than paddock size and time kept in paddock, suggest two variables that should be
controlled to make this a fair investigation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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[Total: 9]
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9 Assume the resistance to drought of a cereal crop is controlled by a single gene and the allele for
this resistance, D, is dominant.

(a) Suggest two possible genotypes that would be resistant to drought.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Two heterozygous cereal plants are crossed. Draw a genetic diagram to show the expected

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ratio of offspring cereal plants with drought resistance to those without drought resistance.

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[3]

(c) Some cereal crop varieties have shorter stems than others.

(i) Suggest two reasons why a farmer might want to grow cereal plants with shorter stems.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Other than by genetic modification, suggest one way to produce a cereal crop variety
with shorter stems.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]
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Section B

Answer any two questions.

Write the question numbers you have chosen here: ........................................................

10 (a) Describe how soil is prepared for the cultivation of a crop. [4]

(b) Identify one mechanised tool and one hand tool used to prepare soil for cultivation. Describe
additional maintenance required for these tools when used on each of the following:
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• stony ground
• wet soils. [5]

(c) A farmer is considering selling their ox and replacing it with a tractor.

Suggest what the farmer needs to consider before making this decision. [6]

[Total: 15]

11 (a) State the name of one boring crop pest. Describe its effects on a crop. [4]

(b) Describe how organic methods can be used to control pests. [5]

(c) Suggest three ways that applying farm chemicals incorrectly could damage the environment.
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Explain how this damage could be avoided by using these chemicals correctly. [6]

[Total: 15]

12 (a) State what is meant by phenotype. Describe the phenotypes expected in an animal raised for
meat production. [4]

(b) Describe how selective breeding can improve the quality of farm livestock. [5]

(c) When breeding cattle, explain three disadvantages of using artificial insemination compared
with using natural breeding. [6]

[Total: 15]
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13 (a) Outline the process of photosynthesis. [4]

(b) Discuss, using examples, how different processes are used to move materials through a
plant. [6]

(c) Suggest the problems caused by the overuse of fertilisers. [5]

[Total: 15]

14 (a) Describe two ways large volumes of water can be stored on a farm. [4]

(b) Not all water used on a mixed farm needs to be of the same quality.
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Discuss, using examples, how a mixed farm can use different sources of water for different
purposes. [6]

(c) Describe two animal-health problems that can result from a contaminated supply of water.
Explain how water can be treated to avoid these problems. [5]

[Total: 15]
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