Peso y Balance Pa-31
Peso y Balance Pa-31
SECTION 6
Paragraph Page
No. No.
REPORT: 2046
6-i
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 6
PA-31-350, NAVAJO CHIEFTAIN WEIGHT AND BALANCE
SECTION 6
6.1 GE:'.'IERAL
In o rder to achieve the performance and flying characteristics which are designed into the airplane. it
must be flown with the weight and center of gravity (C. G.) position within the approved .operating range
(envelope). Although the airplane offers a flexibility of loading, it cannot be flown with the maximum number
of adulc passengers, full fuel tanks and maximum baggage. With th is loading flexibility comes responsibility.
The pilot must insure that the airplane is loaded within the loading envelope before a takeoff.
~tis loading carries consequences for any aircraft. An overloaded airplane will not take off, climb or
cruise as well as a properly loaded one. The heavier the airplane is loaded, the less climb performance it will
have.
Center of gravity is a determining factor in flight characteristics. If the C.G . is too far forward in any
airplane. it may be difficult to rotate for takeoff or landing. If the C.G . is too far aft. the ai rplane may ro tate
prematurely on takeoff or tend to pitch up during climb. Longitudinal stability will be reduced. T his can lead
to inadvertent stalls and· even spins; and spin recovery becomes more difficult as the center of gravity moves
aft of the approved limit.
A properly loaded airplane. however, will perform as intended. Befo re the airplane is licensed, it is
weighed. and a basic empty weight and C.G. location is computed (basic empty weight consists of the standard
empty weight of the airplane plus the optional equipment). Using the basic empty weight and C.G . location.
t he pilot can easily determine the weight and C.G . position for the loaded airplane by computing the total
weight and moment and then determining whether the y are with in the approv~d enveJope.
The basic empty weight and C.G . location are recorded in the Weight and .Balance Data Form (Figure
6-7) and the Weight and Balance Record (Figure 6-9). The current values should alwa ys be used. Whenever
new equipment is added or any modification work is done, the mechanic responsib le for the work is required
to compute a new basic empty weight and C.G. position and to write these in the Aircraft Log Book and the
Weight and Balance Record . The owner should make sure that it is done.
A weight and balance calculation is necessary in determining how much fuel or baggage can be loaded
so as to keep within allowable limits. Check calculations prior to adding fuel to insure against improper
loading.
The followi ng pages are forms used in weighing an airp lane in production and in computing basic empty
weight, C.G . positio n, and useful load. Note that the useful load includes usable fuel, baggage. cargo and
passengers. Following this is the method for computing takeoff weight and C.G.
At the time of licensing. Piper Aircraft Corporation provides each airplane with the basic empty weight
and center of gravity location. This data is supplied by Figure 6-7 .
The removal or addition of equipment or airplane modifications can affect the basic empty weight and
center of gravity. The following is a weighing procedure to determine this basic empty weight and center of
gravity location:
(a) Preparation
(1) Be certain that all items checked in the airplane equipment list are installed in the proper
location in the airplane.
(2) Remove excessive dirt, grease, moisture , foreign items such as rags and tools. from the
airpl~e before weighing.
(3) Defuel airplane. Then open all fuel drains until all remaining fuel is drained. Operate engine
on each tank until all undrainable fuel is used and engine stops.
(5) Place pilot and copilot seats in a center position on the seat tracks. Put flaps in the fully
retracted position and all control surfaces in the neutral position. Tow bar should be in the
proper location and all entrance and baggage doors closed.
(6) Weigh the airplane inside a closed building to prevent erron; in scale readings due to wind.
(b) Leveling
(1)
.
- -
With airplane on scales, block main gear oleo pistons in the fully extended position.
-··
·-
(2) Level airplane (refer to Figure 6-3) deflating nose wheel tire., to center bubble on level.
"
ISSUED: NOVEMBER 1, 1976 ~ORT: 2046
REVISED: MAY 25, 1984 6-.3
.SECTION.6 PIPER AIRCRAFTCORPORATION
WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-3 l-350, NAVAJO CHIEFTAIN
With the airplane level and brakes released, record the weight shown on each scale. Deduct
the tare, if any, from each reading.
AIRPLANE AS WEIGHED
(Including full oil and operating fluids but no fuel)
Scale Net
Scale Position and Symbol Reading Tare Weight
WEIGHING FORM
Figure 6-1
----
(d) Center of Gravity
(1) The following geometry applies to the PA-31-350 airplane when it is level. Refer to Leveling
paragraph 6.3 (b ).
137'' - - - l
LEVELING PROVISIONS
Longitudinal - Right side of fuselage
Stations 57.00 and 35.00
15" Lateral - Level across two center
seat rails.
LEVELING DIAGRAM
Figure 6-3
Ann
Weight x (Inches Aft = Moment
Item (Lbs) of Datum) (In-Lbs)
The Basic Empty Weight, Center of Gravity Location and Useful Load listed in Figure 6-7 are for the
airplane a s licensed at the factory. These figures apply only to the specific airplane serial number and
registration number shown.
The basic empty weight of the airplane as licensed at the factory has been entered in the Weight and
Balance Reco rd (Figure 6-9) . This form is provided to present the current status of the airplane basic empty
weight and a complete history of previous modifications. Any change to the permanently installed equipment
or modification which affects weight or moment must be entered in the Weight and Balance Record.
Registration Number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
. C.G.Arm
Weight x (Inches Aft = Moment
Item (Lbs) of Datum) (In-Lbs)
*The standard empty weight· includes full oil capacity , full operating fluids and 10 gallons of unusable
fuel.
THIS BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT. C.G. AND USEFUL LOAD ARE FOR THE AIRPLANE AS
LICENSED AT THE FACTORY . REFER TO APPROPRIATE AIRCRAFT RECORD WHEN
ALTERATIONS HA VE BEEN MADE.
~~~
M .•
Weight Change
~z Item No.
Running Basic
3:: Empty Weight
~@
0 Added(+) Re moved(-)
~~
Date Description of Article or Modification
UI tf1
In Ou t
Wt. Arm Moment Wt. Arm Moment Wt. Moment
(lb.) (In.) / 100 (lb .) (In.) /l 00 (Lb.) /100 ~~
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Empty Weight
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PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORA~ SECTION6
PA·31·350, NAVAJO CHIEFTAIN WEIGHT AND BALANCE
(b) When carrying from 1 to 6 occupants, load rear baggage compartment first.
(c) When carrying more than 6 occupants, fuel and/or baggage may have to be reduced.
(d) When carrying 7 occupants, load front and rear baggage compartments equally.
(e) When carrying 8 occupants, load front baggage compartments first and locate heaviest occupan ts
forward. Forward baggage may be required to bring the loaded airplane's C.G. within allowable
limits.
NOTE
(b) When carrying from 1 to 7 occupants, load rear baggage compartment first.
(c) When carrying more than 6 occupants, fuel and/or baggage may have to be reduced.
(d) When carrying 8 or 9 occupants, load front and rear baggage compartm-~nts ~q_ually .
(e) When carrying 10 occupants, load front baggage compartment first and locate heaviest occupants
forward. Forward baggage may be required to bring the loaded airplane's C.G. within allowable
limits.
NOTE
(b) Use the Loading Chart (Figure 6-1 7) to determine the moment. of all items to be carried in the
airplane.
·,
Basic Airplane 4 6 1 6 5 6 4 4 8 5
Revised Airplane
Pilot's Seat 1 7 5 95.0 1 6 6 2 5
Copilot's Seat 1 3 0 95.0 1 2 3 5 0
Seat No. 3 1 4 0 132/137 (Reversed) 1 8 4 8 0
Seat No. 4 1 6 0 132/137 (Reversed) 2 1 1 2 0
Seat No. 5 195.0
Seat No. 6 195.0
Seat No. 7 229.0
Seat No. 8 242.0
Fwd. Baggage 5 0 19.0 9 5 0
Rear Baggage 1 5 0 255.0 3 8 2 5 0
Rt. Nae. Baggage
Forward Half 5 0 145.0 7 2 5 0
Rt. Nae. Baggage
Rear Half 5 0 192.0 9 6 0 0
Lt. Nae. Baggage ..
Forward Half 5 0 145.0 7 2 5 0
Lt. Nae. Baggage
Rear Half 5 0 192.0 ~6 0 0
Inbd. Fuel 6 0 0 126.8 7 ;s o· 8 0
Outbd. Fuel 4 8 0 148.0 7 1 0 4 0
Other
Total Wt. 6 7 0 1 Total Moment 8 5 3 0 8 0
C.G. Location for Take-off 127.3 from Figure 6-19
..
Basic Airplane
Revised Airplane
Pilot's Seat 95.0
Copilot's Seat 95.0
Seat No. 3 132/137 (Reversed)
Seat No. 4 132/137 (Reversed)
Seat No. 5 195.0
Seat No. 6 195.0
Seat No. 7 229.0
Seat No. 8 242.0
Fwd. Baggage 19.0
Rear Baggage 255.0 I
Rt. Nae. Baggage
Forward Half 145.0
Rt. Nae. Baggage
Rear Half 192.0
Lt. Nae. Baggage
Forward Half 145.0
Lt. Nae. Baggage
Rear Half 192.0
Inbd. Fuel 126.8 - ...
Outbd. Fuel 148.0 - .·-
Other
Total Wt Total Moment I
Basic Airplane
Revised Airplane
Pilot's Seat 95 .0
Copilot's Seat 95.0
Seat No. 3 132
Seat No. 4 132
Seat No. 5 163.5
Seat No. 6 163.5
Seat No. 7 195.0
Seat No. 8 195.0
Seat No. 9 229.0
Seat No. 10 242.0
Fwd. Baggage 19.0
Rear Baggage 255.0
Rt. Nae. Baggage
Forward Half 145.0
Rt. Nae. Baggage
Rear Half 192.0
Lt Nae. Baggage
Forward Half 145.0
.-
Lt Nae. Baggage ~
OCCUPANTS
EXECUTIVE SEATING
Moment/ 100
OCCUPANTS
COMMUTER SEATING
LOADING CHART
Figure 6-17
BAGGAGE
10 2 26 15 19
20 4 51 29 38
30 6 77 44 58
40 8 102 58 77
50 JO 128 73 96
60 11 153 87 115
70 13 179 102 134
80 15 204 116 154
90 17 230 131 173
100 19 255 145 192
110 21 281 160 211
120 23 306 174 230
130 25 332 189 250
140 27 357 203 269
150 29 383 218 288
160 30 408 - -
170 "7
.)_ 434 - -
180 34 459 - -
190 36 485 - -
200 38 510 - -
.....
LOADING ¢ffi\RJ"(cont) .
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Ficrure
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6-·17 .(cont'.)
·., '. -...
·· . •
• t
PIPER AIRCRAFTCORPORATION SECTION6
PA-31 -350, NAVAJO CHIEFTAIN WEIGHT AND BALANCE
FUEL
Moment / 100
5 30 38 44
10 60 76 89
15 90 114 133
20 120 152 178
25 150 190 222
30 180 228 266
35 210 266 311
' 40 240 304 355
45 270 342 400
50 300 380 444
55 33'0 418 488
60 360 456 533
65 390 495 577
70 420 533 622
75 450 571 666
76 456 - 675
80 480 609 -
85 510 647 -
90 540 685 -
95 570 723 -
100 600 761 -
105 630 799 -
106 636 806 . '
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.. __....
·-·
3 gals. unusable fuel in each inboard tank and 2.0 gals. unusable fuel in eacli outboard tank included
in basic weight ( 60.0 lbs., 8117 in. lbs. total)
•
SECllON 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-31-350, NAYAJO CHIEFTAIN
7000
MAX. TAKE-OFF -
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122 126 130 134
INCHES AFT DATUM
(c) Add the moment of all items to be loaded to the Basic Empty Weight moment.
(d) Divide the total moment by the total weight to determine the C.G. location.
(e) By using the figures of item (a) and item (d) (above), locate a point on the Weight, Moment and
C.G. Limits graph (Figure 6-19). If the point falls within the C.G. envelope , the loading meets the
weight and balance requirements. r
( f) Location of the point on the Weight, Moment, and C.G. Limits graph indicates whether the
airplane is slightly nose heavy or slightly tail heavy and can assist in setting pitch trim for takeoff.
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PILOT AND AIRCRAFT OWNER TO INSURE THAT ,THE
AIRPLANE IS LOADED PROPERLY. THE CHARTS, GRAPHS, INSTRUCTIONS, AND PLOTTER
SHOULD BE CHECKED TO ASSURE THAT THE AIRPLANE IS WITHIN THE ALLOWABLE WEIGHT
VS. CENTER OF GRAVITY ENVELOPE.
The Weight and Balance Visual Plotter furnished with this airplane is a weight and center of gravity
computing device.
The face of the plotter displays the slots used for plotting and the graphic center of gravity envelope.
On the back of the plotter are printed instructions for use and general loading recommendations. The
center of gravity envelope on the face shows all allowable moment conditions between 4000 and 7000
pounds, with the limits outlined in red.
The " Basic Empty Weight and Center of Gravity" location is taken from the Weight and Balance F onn
(Figure 6-7), the Weight and Balance Record (Figure 6-9) or the latest FAA major repair or alteration form.
.. ...
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CAUTION
..