CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

I. SOME CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH

MỘT SỐ THAY ĐỔI KHI CHUYỂN TỪ

CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP

THAY THAY
THAY
ĐỔI VỀ ĐỔI VỀ
ĐỔI VỀ
TRẠNG THÌ
NGÔI
TỪ ĐỘNG TỪ

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

I he /she today that day am/is/are was/were

you I/we/they tonight that night was/were had been
the next day do/does
we we/they tomorrow bỏ đi
the following day (trợ động từ)
the day before don’t
me him/her yesterday didn’t
the previous day doesn’t
you me/us/them ago before didn’t + V hadn’t + V(p2)
us us/them now then have/has had
the next … V(bare) V-ed
my his/her next …
the following … V(s/es) Vpast
the previous … V-ed
your my/our/ their last … had + V(p2)
the … before Vpast
our our/their here there can could
mine his/her this that will/shall would
mine/ours/
yours may might
theirs these those
ours ours/theirs must/have to had to
II. NO CHANGE IN VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai
THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ KHI
CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU
TRỰC TIẾP SANG Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, cũng không có thay
GIÁN TIẾP đổi thì động từ trong những trường hợp sau

Tường Khi Câu

Khi động Khi động điều
thuật tường
từ trong từ trong kiện
một sự thuật
câu trực câu trực
thật mệnh đề loại 2
tiếp có các tiếp có:
hiển ước và
thì: quá used to, loại 3
nhiên, muốn
khứ tiếp should,
một với
diễn kết would,
chân lí “wish”
hợp với could,
và “if
quá khứ might,
only”
đơn, quá ought to,
khứ đơn had better,
với quá would
khứ hoàn rather
thành, quá
khứ đơn
(đi kèm
thời gian
cụ thể)
 III. TYPES OF REPORTED SPEECH

ở dạng câu kể S + say(s)/said/told + (that) + S + V

Câu hỏi S + asked/wanted to know/

YES-NO wondered + if/whether + S + V
ở dạng câu
hỏi Câu hỏi có
S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/
từ để hỏi
wondered + Wh-words/how + S + V
Các
loại
câu
- tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu ai làm gì
tường
thuật Câu tường
- advise sb + to V: khuyên ai làm gì
thuật với động
từ theo sau - promise + to V: hứa làm gì
bằng động từ
nguyên thể - threaten + to V: đe doạ làm gì

- warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên làm

gì
- invite sb + to V: mời ai làm gì
- remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
- accuse sb of sb
- encourage + V-ing:
+ to V:buộc tội aikhích
khuyến vì làm
ai gì
làm gì
Câu tường - admit + V-ing:
thuật với động - offer + to thừa
V: đềnhận
nghị làm
làm gì
gì
từ theo sau - deny + V-ing:
- agree + tophủ nhậnýlàm
V: đồng làmgìgì
bằng danh động
từ - apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi ai vì làm gì

- blame sb for + V-ing: đổ lỗi cho ai vì làm gì

- complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn về điều gì

- confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm gì

- congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng vì làm gì

- criticize sb for V-ing: chỉ trích vì làm gì

- insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm gì

- object to + V-ing: phản đối làm gì

Exercise 2.1: Change these following sentences into reported speech
Question 1: They said: "We are learning English now ",
=> They said______________________________________________.
Question 2: “My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.
=> Tom said______________________________________________.
Question 3: "I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend", she said.
=> She said______________________________________________.
Question 4: "You will have to finish all these exercises before next week", the teacher said to his students.
=> The teacher said to his students__________________________________.
Question 5: "I came back here early yesterday", she said.
=> She said______________________________________________________.
Question 6: Johnny said to his mother: "I don’t know how to do this exercise."
=> Johnny said to his mother________________________________________.
Question 7: "We are waiting for the school bus", said the children.
=> The children said________________________________________________.
Question 8: Mary said: "I cannot go to the movies with you, John".
=> Mary said_____________________________________________________
Question 9: The man declared: "I shall be doing exactly the same work next Monday as I am doing today".
=> The man declared______________________________________________.
Question 10: The woman said: "I was bom in 1954 and I have been living in this small town since I was
small".
=> The woman said______________________________________________.
Question 11: "My teacher wants to have a talk with you tomorrow morning", Tom said.
=> Tom said_______________________________________________________.
Question 12: Our teacher said: "The Second World War broke out in 1939".
=> Our teacher said_________________________________________________.
Question 13: Linh said: "If my father repairs the bike now, I will ride the bike to school this afternoon."
=> Linh said_______________________________________________________.
Question 14: "I would have passed the exam if I had tried my best", Binh said.
=> Binh said______________________________________________________.
Question 15: The young man said to her: "If you didn’t agree with me now, I wouldn’t meet you anymore."
=> The young man said to her___________________________________________.
Question 16: "If you aren’t doing homework, what will you do next?", I said to the boy.
=> I said to the boy___________________________________________________.
Question 17: Quynh said to An: "If your father weren’t a billionaire, you could save your money".
=> Quynh said to An_________________________________________________.
Question 18: We said to Xuan: "We won’t go camping if your family doesn’t join with us."
=> We said to Xuan____________________________________________________.
Question 19: "If my parents hadn’t given birth to me fifteen years ago, I wouldn’t have seen the Earth",
Hoang said.
=> Hoang said______________________________________________________.
Question 20: "If a stranger appeared, what would you do?", he said to his brother.
=> He said to his brother______________________________________________.
Question 21: Van said: "If I hadn’t missed the bus last morning, I couldn’t have been late at school".
=> Van said_________________________________________________________.
Question 22: Khanh said to Thao: "If you had had breakfast, you couldn’t be hungry now".
=> Khanh said to Thao______________________________________________.
Question 23: "Leave your address with the secretary", the assistant said to me.
=> The assistant asked______________________________________________.
Question 24: "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow", the manager said to the client.
=> The manager told the client________________________________________.
Question 25: "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf, the librarian said to the
student.
=> The librarian reminded the student_____________________________________.
Question 26: "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes", the nurse said to the child.
=> The nurse told the child______________________________________________.
Question 27: "Leave your things here", my companion said to me.
=> My companion advised______________________________________________.
Question 28: "Don’t forget to send your parents my regards", she said to me.
=> She reminded______________________________________________.
Question 29: "You should join the football team, Eric", said the teacher.
=> The teacher encouraged____________________________________________
Question 30: "Remember to lock the door before you go to school", my sister said.
=> My sister reminded______________________________________________.
Question 31: "Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night", he said to us.
=> He warned___________________________________________________
Question 32: "Come and see me whenever you want", she said to him.
=> She invited__________________________________________________
Question 33: "Leave here immediately!", I said to him.
=> I ordered__________________________________________________
Question 34: "We will shut the door if you go on getting out", said the parents to children.
=> The parents threatened___________________________________________
Question 35: "Please, please let me come in", he said.
=> He begged___________________________________________________
Question 36: "Have you travelled abroad much?", he asked me.
=> He asked me___________________________________________________
Question 37: "Who has written this note?", the boss asked the secretary.
=> The boss asked_________________________________________________
Question 38: "Why didn’t I remember meeting her 2 days ago?", he wondered.
=> He wondered___________________________________________________
Question 39: "Did you really see this happen with your own eyes?", the policeman asked the boy.
=> The policeman asked the boy______________________________________
Question 40: "Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?", he asked her.
=> He asked her______________________________________________.
Question 41: Tom said to the girl: "When did you have this picture taken?"
=> Tom asked ______________________________________________.
Question 42: "Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee after class?", Tom said.
=> Tom suggested ______________________________________________.
Question 43: "Would you like another cup of tea?", the landlady said to the guest.
=> The landlady invited______________________________________________.
Question 44: My sister said to me: "What about going to see Aunt Mary on Sunday?"
=> My sister suggested__________________________________________
Question 45: She asked me: "Have you ever seen a flying saucer?"
=> She asked______________________________________________.
Question 46: James said: "Do you want me to type this letter for you?"
=> James asked______________________________________________.
Question 47: He asked me: "Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?"
=> He asked______________________________________________.
Question 48: My friend said: "Are you going to leave tomorrow?"
=> My friend asked______________________________________________.
Question 49: I asked Bill: "What time did you go to bed last night?"
=> I asked Bill______________________________________________.
Question 50: "Why don’t we organize an English competition for our students?", said Ms Lien.
=> Ms Lien suggested___________________________________________

Exercise 2.2: Change these following sentences into reported speech

Question 51: "I’m sorry I’m late", said Mr Thanh.
=> Mr Thanh apologised ______________________________________.
Question 52: "Me? No, I didn’t take Sue’s calculator”, said Bob.
=> Bob denied ______________________________________.
Question 53: "You were cheating", said David to Henry.
=> David accused ______________________________________ .
Question 54: "I must see the manager.", he cried.
=> He insisted ______________________________________ .
Question 55: "If you wanted to take my bike, you should have asked me first", said Mike to his brother.
=> Mike criticised ______________________________________.
Question 56: "You won the scholarship. Congratulations!", Mary told me.
=> Mary congratulated ______________________________________.
Question 57: "It was kind of you to help me with my homework", Lan said to Hoa.
=> Lan thanked ______________________________________.
Question 58: "It’s true. I broke your favorite glass", said Peter.
=> Peter admitted ______________________________________.
Question 59: "You stole the jewels", the inspector said to him.
=>The inspector blamed ______________________________________.
Question 60: "I only borrowed your car for some hours", the man said.
=> The man said ______________________________________.
Question 61: Alfred said to John: "I didn't use your cassette player! Someone else did, not me."
=> Alfred denied ______________________________________.
Question 62: "If you don’t pay the ransom, we’ll kill the boy", said the kidnapper.
=> The kidnapper threatened ______________________________________.
Question 63: Father said: "I was the superintendent while this school was being built."
=> Father said ______________________________________.
Question 64: "These old buildings might have already disappeared by the time I am back next year?" he said
=> He said ______________________________________.
Question 65: Rose said: "I was just leaving the office when I came face to face with a stranger."
=> Rose said ______________________________________.
C. EXERCISES:
I-PRONUNCIATION:
E1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. contaminate B. deforest C. pollute D. protect

Question 2: A. meaning B. greater C. heatwave D. clearing

Question 3: A. protection B. control C. pollution D. forest

Question 4: A. biodiversity B. climate C. gorilla D. giant

Question 5: A. book B. look C. flood D. good

Question 6: A. gorilla B. environment C. consequence D. respiratory

Question 7: A. tortoise B. ecosystem C. biodiversity D. promotion

Question 8: A. identify B. practical C. habitat D. respiratory

Question 9: A. extreme B. excellent C. execute D. exercise

Question 10: A. discuss B. issue C. fossil D. classroom

Question 11: A. pesticide B. impact C. focus D. practical

E2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. balance B. issue C. panda D. extreme

Question 2: A. upset B. tortoise C. wildlife D. heatwave

Question 3: A. serious B. influence C. energy D. pollutant

Question 4: A. promote B. support C. research D. nature

Question 5: A. aware B. protect C. impact D. danger

Question 6: A. solution B. habitat C. endangered D. awareness

Question 7: A.combine B. harmful C. disease D. destroy

Question 8: A. disappear B. average C. consequence D. negative

Question 9: A. awareness B. illegal C. importance D. atmosphere

Question 10: A. environment B. electrical C. ecosystem D. material

Question 11: A. natural B. chemical C. atmosphere D. solution

II-VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR:
E3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1: ___________is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth's surface due to greenhouse effect.

A. Global warming B. Climate change C. Natural habitats D. Extreme weather

Question 2: Air pollution is a major ___________that has serious effects on our health.

A. measure B. solution C. issue D. sewage

Question 3: Some animals lose their habitats because of ___________.

A. habitat B. energy C. deforestation D. biodiversity

Question 4: Although we are aware _______ the importance of environment, we still overexploit it.
A. from B. on C. for D. of

Question 5: Do you think we are doing enough to ____________ wild animals?

A. prevent B. protect C. promote D. predict

Question 6: Many ________ animals have been saved thanks to community efforts.

A. dangerous B. endangered C. generous D. natural

Question 7: We should _________action to protect endangered animals.

A. take B. get C. make D. do

Question 8: The loss of forests can destroy the natural soil and lead __________climate change.

A. for B. to C. off D. down

Question 9: There will be ____, too. Some areas will become wetter while others will become much drier.

A. weather changes B. weather forecasts C. climatic changes D. climate changes

Question 10: “What was the weather like here” - "It was very sunny and hot. We had a bit of a
______________”

A. blance B. diversity C. habitat D. heatwave

Question 11: Global warming is the rise in the _________temperature of the earth's atmosphere.

A. average B. normal C. casual D. polluted

Question 12: Earth Hour _________attention to climate change and global energy issues, and promotes green
activities worldwide.

A. attracts B. draws C. paints D. writes

Question 13: There are lots of things we can all do to ____ the environment.
 A. enhance B. protect C. make D. build

Question 14: The gradual rise in the Earth's temperature is known as ____.

A. greenhouse effect B. global warming C. ozone layer D. acid rain

Question 15: All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a state of __________.

A. peace B. balance C. energy D. pollution

Question 16: Air pollution is a ____________of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and
rockets.

A. product B. example C. harm D. consequence

Question 17: Air pollution is a ___________ problem in many major cities.

A. practical B. global C. serious D. endangered

Question 18: Global warming is making _________weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts.

A. extreme B. positive C. sustainable D. climatic

Question 19: Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the ____ of many animals are
being destroyed.

A. natural resources B. natural habitats C. ways of life D. living surroundings

Question 20: Holding World Environment Day is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for
environmental ____ and call for political action.

A. experience B. protection C. decrease D. pollution

Question 21: The organisation focuses _______protecting the natural habitats of rare animals.

A. in B. for C. to D. on

Question 22: The council has _____________ ideas to help manage traffic.

A. come up with B. taken part in C. made up with D. raised awareness of

Question 23: The loss of forests can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife
_______danger.

A. in B. on C. at D. to

Question 24: We had a discussion about _________ warming this morning.

A. global B. natural C. extreme D. negative

Question 25: High levels of pollution can upset the ____________ of an ecosystem.

A. average B. substance C. reason D. balance

Question 26: Greenpeace is an international group that protests against anything which is a ____ to the
environment.

A. threat B. threaten C. threatening D. threatener

Question 27: Scientists think that wild animals must ____________ in their natural habitats.

A. keep B. to keep C. be keeping D. be kept

Question 28: Pollution can have serious effects_________ the balance of ecosystem.

A. in B. on C. to D. for

Question 29: We need to be _________ of enviromental problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

A. aware B. calm C. kind D. willing

Question 30: __________ is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines or factories.

A. Water pollution B. Air pollution C. Noise pollution D. Soil pollution

Question 31: Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will
reduce greenhouse gas ____.

A. exhaust fumes B. smokes C. wastes D. emissions

Question 32: There’s been a ____ in Germany and a village was completely destroyed.

A. flood B. drizzle C. shower D. smog

Question 33: We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destructor
Question 34: Illegal trade in animal body _________ can lead to the disappearance of many animals

A. parts B. sections C. kinds D. sorts

Question 35: During the last hundred years we have done great ____ to the environment.

A. injury B. pollution C. damage D. hurt

Question 36: The problems of pollution call for a prompt from the government.
A. act B. action C. acting D. active
Question 37: If government don't ____ global warming, more natural disasters will occur.

A. achieve B. promote C. discourage D. prevent

Question 38: The loss of forests can have a ________impact on the environment.

A. positive B. giant C. negative D. practical

Question 39: Environmental pollution is becoming an ____ serious problem that needs to be taken care of as
soon as possible.
 A. increasingly B. increasing C. increase D. increased

Question 40: Fish and poultry have a much lower impact the environment, and other plant proteins are even
less damaging the planet.

A. Ø - for B. on - to C. on - with D. of - to

Question 41: We are aware of the _______ of natural resources. We should save them for future use.

A. poison B. preservation C. usage D. exploitation

Question 42: They have built a particular reserve which is suitable _______ pandas.
A. at B. upon C. in D. for

Question 43: Forest dwellers had always hunted the local _______ but their needs had been small.
A. wildlife B. commerce C. reserve D. generation

Question 44: She is a famous .She tries her best to protect rare animals from extinction.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentalist D. environmentally
Question 45: They are asking for public donations to protect some certain wild animals dying out.
A. from B. for C. with D. up
Question 46: More and more rare animals are danger of extinction.
A. for B. on C.at D. in

Question 47: Ba said he__________ some good marks the semester before.

A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got

Question 48: They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test.

A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try

Question 49: She asked me where I___________ from.

A. come B. coming C. to come D. came

Question 50: The mother asked her son _______.

A. where he had been B. whether I had been C. where has he been D. where had he been

Question 51: Martin asked me _______.

A. how is my father B. how my father is C. how was my father D. how my father was

Question 52: The host asked Peter _______ tea or coffee.

A. whether he preferred B. that he preferred C. did he prefer D. if he prefers

Question 53: Andrew told me that they _______ fish two _______ days.

A. have not eaten / ago B. had eaten/ previous C. did not eat / before D. would not eat / last
Question 54: Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day.

A. had done / following B. will do / previous C. would do/ following D. was going / previous

Question 55: John asked me _______ in English.

A. what does this word mean B. what that word means

C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant

Question 56: Jack asked me _____.

A. where do you come from? B. where I come from

C. where I came from D. where did I come from?

Question 57: She asked me _____ I liked pop music.

A. when B. what C. if D. x

Question 58: I asked him______________,but he said nothing.

A. what's the matter was B. what was the matter
C. what the matter was D. the matter was what
E4: Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals
Question 1: Animals should be kept in their ____________ habitats. (NATURE)

Question 2: Habitats of ____________ animals are damaged by human activities. (ENDANGER)

Question 3: 3. Many endangered animals are at risk of disappearing due to habitat ____________ and illegal
hunting. (LOSE)

Question 4: The presentation focused on ____________ protection and climate change. (ENVIRONMENT)

Question 5: ____________ hunting can cause pain and suffering to wild animals, and destroy animal
families. (LEGAL)

Question 6: You should never buy ____________ made from endangered animals. (PRODUCE)

Question 7: ____________ is a serious environmental problem in many parts of the world. (DEFOREST)

Question 8: ____________ is important because plants and animals depend on each other to survive.
(DIVERSE)

Question 9: A new series of educational programmes shows the ____________ of wildlife to humans.
(IMPORTANT)

Question 10: Earth Hour has grown to become an international ____________ for the environment.
(MOVE)

Question 11: Habitat ____________ is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting
its native species. (DESTROY)
Question 12: The protection and ____________ of the environment is one of the most important issues
facing humankind today. (PRESERVE)

Question 13: Researchers are finding that sometimes a ____________ to an environmental problem can cause
trouble in another area. (SOLVE)
E5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Question 1: My friend said she would take part in a go-green event the following week.

A. participate in B. look after C. get on with D. carry out

Question 2: She wanted to know if giant pandas were still endangered.

A. strong B. much C. large D. flooded

Question 3: Air pollution is a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.

A. reason B. right C. action D. sorrow

Question 4: Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of conservation
needs.
A. effort B. benefit C. exploitation D. knowledge

Question 5: Many species have become extinct each year before biologists can identify them.
A. destroy B. drain C. endanger D. discover

Question 6: Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
A. organization B. contamination C. protection D. damage

Question 7: Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
A. vanishing B. damaging C. polluting D. destroying

Question 8: Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for
agriculture.
A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety

Question 9: The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.
A. reserve B. generation C. natural environment D. diversity
Question 10: It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely
populated, such as much of Asia and Africa
A. disappeared B. increased C. threatened D. reduced

Question 11: Overpopulation in big cities has severely affected the air and water quality.
A. seriously B. insignificantly C. largely D. commonly

E6: Change the sentences into the reported speech.

Question 1: Mr Jones was very sad and said "All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea creatures."
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 2: "We can clean the beach together." said Nick.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 3: "I'll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us" Mary said to them.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 4: "I'm so happy to hear that, children" Mr Jones said to his children.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 5: Tony said "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water pollution."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 6: Mary said "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby
cause noise pollution."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 7: Mai said "The rising sea level is product of global warming, a natural phenomenon. The
only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is happening."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 8: Linda said "Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the environment."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 9: Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: "Protect yourselves from germs."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 10: Nam said, "The environment is severely affected by pollution."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 11: Mai said, "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 12: Peter said, "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil
contaminated."

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 13: "It's confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment" Nam said.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 14: "Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect" scientists said.
 → _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 15: "Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood" Nam said.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 16: "More people are aware of the preservation of natural resources" the editor said.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 17: "We are discussing the protection of the natural environment" the students told their
teacher.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 18: "Use the web search engine to find the information that you need" Nam's father told him.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 19: He said, “I don’t have much time to talk to you.”

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 20: Kate said, “I will help you carry your luggage.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 21: They said, “We went to Japan on holiday last week.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 22: She said, “I can go home on my own.”

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 23: They said, “We haven’t been to the bank for a long time.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 24: He said, “I don’t understand the teacher’s question.”

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 25: Mary said, “I will play cards tomorrow.”

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 26: Nick told me, “I am going to see my parents next month.”
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 27: “ I enjoyed the performance yesterday,” Trang said.

→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 28: “I am very happy with your results,” Mrs. Green said to us.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 29: “I stopped using single-use plastic box,” Mary said.

 → _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 30: “Adam will repair the car next weekend,” she said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 31: “Many activities will be held to encourage environmental protection,” my teacher said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 32: “I will take the dog out for a walk,” my mother said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

Question 33: “We took part in many activities of preserving the environment yesterday,” the students said.
→ _____________________________________________________________________________.

III-READING:
E7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions
Climate change is one of the most intuitive changes in global warming. As a result
of a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions, there is a sharp rise in high-temperature
weather, which has an irreversible impact on our environment and ecology. Scientists
say, “Changing weather patterns linked to rising global temperatures have resulted in
a dearth of wind across northern China, according to several recent studies, exacerbating a wave of severe
pollution that has been blamed for millions of premature deaths”. However, when I returned home last
Christmas, there was no snow on the street, instead, it was a warm winter with sunshine. The continued of
global warming may not only bring about changes in climate. The world may undergo more unpredictable
changes due to global warming in the future.
Global climate change has seriously affected the living environment of animals, the
change of climate, the quality of human life, and the threat to human security. Global
warming has become a very difficult trend to reverse. It and rising temperatures have
caused very serious consequences for human beings, brought great impact on the Earth’s
organisms and seriously affected people’s lives, but people didn’t realize the seriousness
of the problem. It is urgent to protect the environment and people should take active measures to deal with it.
Question 1: What could be the best title for the passage?
A. The Protection of Ozone Layer to Earth B. Climate Change and Global Warming
C. The History of Ozone Development D. The Destruction if Animals’ Habitat
Question 2: The word “which” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.
A. a wave of severe pollution B. a sharp rise in high-temperature weather
C. a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions D. a great impact on the earth’s organism
Question 3: The word “reverse” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. turn right B. reduce more C. change to opposite D. increasing sharply
Question 4: According to the passage, all of the following are the impacts of climate change and global
warming EXCEPT _______
A. exacerbating a wave of severe pollution B. improving the quality of human life
 C. threatening human security D. bringing about serious changes in climate
Question 5: According to recent studies, millions of premature deaths are caused by _______.
A. living environment B. active measures C. rising temperature D. severe pollution
E8: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions
The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For
moderate climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in
climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will probably
make life harder, not easier, for most people This is mainly because we have already built
enormous infrastructure based on the climate we now have.
People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall, and
expanding crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat waves, coastal
erosion, rising sea le more erratic rainfall, and droughts.
The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including
seafood) that sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional
changes in climate. The ranges of diseases and insect pests that are limited by
temperature may expand, if other environmental conditions are also favourable.
In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change stated, "Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net
damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”
Question 1: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Environment pollution is real. B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.
C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.
Question 2: Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming?
A. All people suffer from global warming. B. All people benefit from global warming.
C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people. D. Life is easier for most people.
Question 3: In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____.
A. harder life as a result of global warming B. easier life as a result of global warming
C. climate change on global scale D. flood in low-lying areas
Question 4: In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. predictable B. unpredictable C. changeable D. unchangeable
Question 5: According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming EXCEPT ____.
A. higher temperature B. coastal erosion
C. increasing sea level D. stable rainfall
Question 6: What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a result of global warming?
A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number.
C. They will not harm our planet. D. They will be under good control.

E9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions
 For many years, scientists have been arguing about global warming. While they don't all
agree about what this might mean for Planet Earth, many think it is going on - and that we can
do something about it. We need a few more years to gather facts before anyone can say for
sure. But people need to start now to do things to stop it.
There are many types of gases in our atmosphere. Some of them absorb the heat from the sun and control
our climate. "Greenhouse gases” are those that hold the heat around the planet's surface. When we increase the
level of these gases, we upset the balance. These extra gases trap even more heat.
Some scientists say global warming has already started to change the environment.
The Earth's temperature has risen one degree Fahrenheit this century. Many scientists
believe it could rise from two to eight degrees Fahrenheit in the next hundred years.
This would be the fastest rise in 10,000 years.
Sea levels could rise. Ice sheets could melt and add to the water level. Many places near the coast would
be in danger of flooding. If the climate change is too large and too fast, some plants and animals could really
suffer. They could even die out. Weather could become more violent and extreme. In some places there would
be more forest fires. But in other areas there would be more rain and snow, storms and floods.
(Adapted from nytimes.com/article/climate-change-global-warming-fag.html)
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Global warming and its negative effects. B. Global warming and forest fires.
C. Global warming and suggested solutions. D. Global warming and its advantages.
Question 2: According to the passage, gases control our climate by _______
A. increasing its level B. absorbing the heat
C. changing the environment D. upsetting the balance
Question 3: The word "it" in paragraph 3 refers to _______
A. century B. global warming C. temperature D. environment
Question 4: The word "extreme" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______
A. severe B. gentle C. quiet D. peaceful
Question 5: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage!
A. Climate change would cause forest fires everywhere.
B. Scientists have all agreed about global warming.
C. The gases we increase trap even more heat.
D. Scientists say that global warming can never change the environment.

E10: Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many
scientists (1) _____________the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's (2)
________ and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is (3) ______ risk from the forces of the
wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as
hurricanes and droughts, even more (4) _____________and causing sea levels all around the world to rise.
(5) ______________ groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount
of carbon dioxide which is given (6) _____________by factories and power plants, thus attacking the
problem at its source. They are in favor of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave
energy devices, (7) _____________ could then replace existing power station.
Some scientists, (8) _____________, believe that even if we stopped (9) __________ carbon dioxide
and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the
(10) __________. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.
Question 1: A. give B. put C. take D. have
Question 2: A. heat B. temperatures C. degree D. climate
Question 3: A. in B. on C. be D. at
Question 4: A. Environment B. Environmentally C. Environmental D. Environmentalist
Question 5: A. strict B. severe C. strong D. healthy
Question 6: A. off B. away C. up D. over
Question 7: A. that B. which C. what D. who
Question 8: A. but B. although C. despite D. however
Question 9: A. to release B. releases C. releasing D. to releasing
Question 10: A. results B. consequences C. effects D. outcomes
IV-LISTENING
E12: Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer
Question 1: The RSPB aims to halt the ____________________ by lobbying the government.
Question 2: Only those farmers who use environmentally friendly methods would receive ______________.
Question 3: By turning off seed drills for just a few seconds, small ___________ areas would be created.
Question 4: If these areas were made on only ______________ of arable land, the skylark could be saved
 Unit 9. PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
Part I. PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in position
the of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. disposal B. animal C. energy D. poverty
2. A. awareness B. solution C. importance D. happiness
3. A. origin B. dependence C. harmony D. factory
4. A. replacement B. pollutant C. resident D. depletion
5. A. instrument B. engineer C. newsletter D. family
6. A. vehicle B. musical C. article D. reduction
7. A. consumption B. chemical C. neighborhood D. pesticide
8. A. scientist B. consequence C. detergent D. influence
9. A. erosion B. atmosphere C. resources D. confusion
10. A. volunteer B. charity C. vegetable D. injury
Part II. VOCABULARY
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
11. If you ask me, ____ waste is a much bigger problem than ordinary household waste.
A. industrial B. business C. working D. manufacturing
12. Do you know what CFC ____?
A. sets in B. does up C. stands for D. gets down
13. There’s been a ____ in Germany and a village was completely destroyed.
A. flood B. drizzle C. shower D. smog
14. Dinosaurs have been ____ for millions of years.
A. endangered B. extinct C. threatened D. disappeared
15. As town grow, they tend to destroy the surrounding ____ areas.
A. urban B. commercial C. land D. rural
16. During the last hundred years we have done great ____ to the environment.
A. injury B. pollution C. damage D. hurt

17. There are lots of things we can all do to ____ the environment.
A. enhance B. protect C. make D. build
18. Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will reduce
greenhouse gas ____.
 A. exhaust fumes B. smokes C. wastes D. emissions
19. The government is introducing strict new rules on the dumping of ____ by industry.
A. pesticides B. exhaust fumes. C. toxic waste D. emissions
20. Farmers contribute to environmental damage by spraying ____ with ____, which stay in the soil for
years.
A. agriculture – pesticides B. agriculture - fertilizers
C. crops – fertilizers D. crops - pesticides
21. The gradual rise in the Earth's temperature is known as ____.
A. greenhouse effect B. global warming C. ozone layer D. acid rain
22. The ____ that are produced by factories and cars are allowing more ____ from the sun to reach carth.
A. gases – radiation B. gases - light C. gas – light D. gas - radiation
23. As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and Antarctic ____ will slowly melt and the level of the oceans will
rise.
A. snowballs B. avalanches C. ice caps D. icebergs
24. There will be ____, too. Some areas will become wetter while others will become much drier.
A. weather changes B. weather forecasts C. climatic changes D. climate changes
25. Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the ____ of many animals are being
destroyed.
A. natural resources B. natural habitats C. ways of life D. living surroundings
26. Many of the world's largest cities are ____ and some are permanently covered by a ____.
A. heavily polluted - polluted cloud B. heavy pollution - polluted cloud
C. heavy pollution - cloud of pollution D. heavily polluted - cloud of pollution
27. Make sure your car runs on unleaded petrol and your home uses sources of ____ energy.
A. recycling B. reused C. renewable D. recyclable
28. Scientists have found holes in the ____, particularly over Antarctica.
A. ice caps B. polar ice C. ozone layer D. greenhouse
29. Greenpeace is an international group that protests against anything which is a ____ to the environment.
A. threat B. threaten C. threatening D. threatener
30. If government don't ____ global warming, more natural disasters will occur.
A. achieve B. promote C. discourage D. prevent
31. There's has been a steady rise in the average temperature around the planet over the last hundred years or
so, and the majority of scientists put it ____ to human activity.
A. down B. back C. up D. across
32. However, some scientists argue that the historical evidence shows that over time the Earth heats ____ and
cools ____ naturally.
A. up - away B. away - down C. up-down D. down - up
33. It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die ____ as once fertile areas turn to
desert.
A. off B. out С. up D. down
34. Most of the air pollution results ____ the burning of fossil fuels, motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and
rockets.
A. in B. to C. on D. from
35. Environmental pollution is becoming an ____ serious problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as
possible.
A. increasingly B. increasing C. increase D. increased
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
36. We are facing severe environmental pollution despite the fact that many world organizations are working
hard to reduce it.
A. heavy B. destructive C. harmful D. serious
37. Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil, and other chemicals
in rivers, which makes the water unclean.
A. substances B. stuffs C. contaminants D. wastes
38. Stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and build a future in which humans live in
harmony with nature.
A. coexist peacefully with B. fall in love with C. agree with D. cooperate with
39. WWF was set up in 1961 and had its operations in areas such as the preservation of biological diversity.
A. difference B. abundance C. variety D. plenty
40. The seashore was much polluted because of the amount of waste left there. All this rubbish is killing fish
and other marine life.
A. sea plants B. sea mammals C. water life D. sea creatures
41. In 1986, the organization changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature. However, it has operated
under the original name in the US and Canada.
A. old B. former C. first D. ancient
42. Some of WWF's missions are: conserving the world's biological diversity, ensuring the use of renewable
natural resources, and promoting the reduction of pollution.
A. jobs B. careers C. tasks D. actions
43. Air pollution is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets.
 A. product B. example C. harm D. result
44. The natural environment has been seriously influenced and degraded by human activities through many
decades.
A. worsened B. damaged C. destroyed D. reduced
45. Global warming is the gradual increase of temperature on the Earth's surface due to greenhouse effect.
A. steady B. slow C. sharp D. abrupt
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
46. Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it. Yet it is one of the limited and
most endangered natural resources on our planet.
A. Clean B. Drinkable C. Polluted D. Running
47. One way to protect our environment from pollution is to reduce wasteful consumption.
A. costly B. excessive C. safe D. economical
48. If you follow at least one of the tips, you can be proud of taking part in the preservation of water, one of
the very important and limited natural resources on earth.
A. self-confident B. self-satisfied C. discontent D. unpleasant
49. Soil pollution leads to lack of fertile land to grow enough food for an increasing population.
A. arid B. rich C. unclean D. deserted
50. Global warming may lead to many negative changes, including harsher weather conditions.
A. more unbearable B. milder C. more extreme D. more scrious
Part III. GRAMMAR
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
51. "I'm a big fan of U23.” Derek said.
Derek said he ____ a big fan of U23.
A. was B. has been C. were D. had been
52. "We're watching TV," said the twins.
The twins said they ____ TV.
A. watched B. were watching C. have been watching D. had watched
53. “You've been annoying me all day!" my mum said.
My mum said I ____ her all day.
A. annoyed B. was annoying C. have been annoying D. had been annoying
54. "The dog ate my homework!” said Ivan.
Ivan said the dog his homework.
 A. was eating B. has eaten C.ate D. had eaten
55. "At one o'clock, I was having lunch," said Molly.
Molly said she ____ lunch at one o'clock.
A. had been having B. has had C. is having D. has been having
56. "You'll get wet without an umbrella," Dad said.
Dad said I ____ wet without an umbrella.
A. will be getting B. got C. would be getting D. would get
57. "He can juggle five balls!" said Angie.
Angie said he ____ five balls.
A. juggled B. had juggled C. would juggle D. could juggle
58. “You must give me your essays," Mrs Vine said.
Mrs Vine said we ____ give her our essays.
A. were having to B. would have to C. had to D. must
59. “Could you pass me the salt, please?" I asked the man next to me.
Tasked the man next to me ____ me the salt.
A. pass B. if he passes C. to pass D. if he would pass
60. "Would you mind waiting for a moment?" the shop assistant asked the woman.
The shop assistant asked the woman ____ for a moment.
A. to wait B. waiting C. if she waits D. if she minds waiting
61. “Please don't leave your dirty football boots in the hall," Mum said to Doug.
Mum told Doug ____ dirty football boots in the hall.
A. that he doesn't leave his B. not to leave his C. not to leave your D. don't leave his
62. "Could you tell us where you were at six o'clock?" the police officer asked Barry.
The police officer asked Barry ____ had been at six o'clock.
A. telling him where you B. where he tells him he
C. to tell him where you D. to tell him where he
63. "Could I have your e-mail address?" I asked Mariella.
I asked Mariella ____ e -mail address.
A. to give me her B. give me your C. give me her D. gave me your
64. "Can I have a new Xbox for my birthday?" I asked my mum.
I asked my mum ____ a new Xbox for my birthday.
 A. that she gets me B. get me C. to get me D. if she could have me
65. "What's your name?" she asked me.
She asked me ____.
A. what your name is B. what your name was
C. what my name is D. what my name was
66. "Are you a student?" the man asked the boy.
The man wanted to know ____.
A. if I was a student B. if the boy was a student
C. if I am a student D. if the boy is a student
67. "What school are you going to?" he asked me.
He wanted to know ____.
A. what school am I going to B. what school you are going to
C. what was the school I go to D. what school I was going to
68. "I won't be home this evening because I have to work late," Mike said.
Mike said that ____.
A. I wouldn't be home this evening because I had to work late
B. he wouldn't be home this evening because he had to work late
C. he won't be home this evening because he has to work late
D. he wouldn't be home that evening because he had to work late
69. "You can sit here," the stewardess said.
The stewardess said ____.
A. you can sit here B. I could sit here C. I could sit there D. you could sit there
70. “Anna left here an hour ago," she said.
She told me that ____.
A. Anna had left here an hour ago B. Anna had left there an hour ago
C. Anna had left here an hour before D. Anna had left there an hour before
71. "I don't want anything to eat now," he said.
He said ____.
A. he doesn't want anything to eat now B. he didn't want anything to eat then
C. I didn't want anything to eat then D. I didn't want anything to eat now
72. “I've only had this new bicycle since yesterday," Karen said.
Karen said that ____.
 A. I had only had this new bicycle since yesterday
B. he had only had that new bicycle since the day before
C. I had only had this new bicycle since the day before
D. he's only had that new bicycle since the day before
73. "Don't waste water, Mum said to Mary.
Mum told Mary____.
A. that she doesn't waste water B. to waste water
C. don't waste water D. not to waste water
74. "You shouldn't use your cars for short distances, the teacher said.
The teacher advised her students ____.
A. that you shouldn't use your cars for short distances
B. not to use their cars for short distances
C. not to use your cars for short distances
D. not to use her cars for short distances
75. "I'll finish it by the end of this week," he said.
He promised ____.
A. he'll finish it by the end of this week B. he would finish it by the end of this week
C. to finish it by the end of that week D. to finish it by the end of this week
76. "Don't forget to turn the tap off before you leave. " Grandma said.
Grandma reminded me ____.
A. to turn the tap off before I left B. turn the tap off before you left
C. don't forget to turn the tap off before I left D. to turn the tap off before you left
77. Dorothy asked him _____ Sarah was his sister.
A. that B. if C. what D. who
78. Tom and Henry asked me to go with ____.
A. him B. their C. them D. they
79. I asked Martha ____ to join the Green Club.
A. whether she is planning B. if she was planning
C. when was she planning D. where she was planning
80. Bob wanted to know when ____.
A. will the exam be taken B. the exam will be taken
 C. would the exam be taken D. the exam would be taken
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
81. Tim called yesterday and said he needed the report right now.
A B C D
82. Sally called from Miami and said that she was swimming here.
A B C D
83. They complained that there isn't any fresh water in the local area.
A B C D
84. Rosy said that she will come back there on another project the following year.
A B C D
85. Tony promised that he would do his homework today.
A B C D
86. Clarence said he couldn't have repaired the car the next day.
A B C D
87. Mr Jones told his children not to wasting fresh water.
A B C D
88. The teacher asked his students to focus on your topic.
A B C D
89. Sally suggested to go to school by bicycle in order to save energy.
A B C D
90. Harry offered lending a hand with keeping the school environment clean.
A B C D
Part IV. SPEAKING
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following
exchanges.
91. "Why don't we have a look at some websites for more information about the environment?" – “____”
A. Yes, thanks. B. Yes, why not? C. It's my pleasure. D. Do we?
92. "____" - "By bus."
A. What did you take to get there? B. Did you get there by motorbike?
C. How long did it take you to get there? D. How did you get there?
93. "Hi, Jack. ____" - "Not bad. And you?"
 A. How's everything? B. What's everything? C. What do you do? D. How do you do?
94. " ____" - "That's a good idea."
A. What about recycling water for gardening? B. Sorry, can I say something?
C. Glad to work with you. D. Excuse me, I want to add something.
95. "Shall I empty the dustbin?" – “____”
A. Make yourself at home. B. Nice to meet you!
C. It's very nice of you to do so. D. Long time no see.
96. "Can I borrow your notes, please?" – “____”
A. Well done! B. No, thanks. C. Yes, sure. D. Yes, I can.
97. "Would you like to join this Green Project with us?" - "____”
A. Yes, I would B. Why not? C. I'd love to D. It doesn't matter.
98. "Where should we start with the project?" – “____”
A. I never mind. B. I'm glad to hear that.
C. Oh, that would be great. D. What about searching the webs?
99. "Hi, John. Congratulations!" – “____”
A. I'm sorry. B. Thank you. C. My pleasure. D. You're welcome.
100."Excuse me! Where is the recycling center?" – “____”
A. Let me see. B. I'm not sure. C. Hold on, please. D. It's over there.
101. Thanks for doing that." - "____”
A. It's my pleasure B. Don't say that. C. Not at all. D. It's nice of you
102. "How long will the meeting last?" – “____”
A. Half past ten. B. Since early morning.
C. Once a week, usually. D. An hour or so, I expect.
103. "____" - "I'm going to make a table."
A. Why is this recycled wood used? B. How is this recycled wood used?
C. What's this recycled wood for? D. Whose is this recycled wood?
104. “____” - "It was very sunny and hot. We had a bit of a heatwave.
A. Did you enjoy your holiday? B. How was the wave?
C. What was the weather like there? D. How was the beach?
105. "Could you do me a favor, please?" – “____”
A. Let me help you. B. Sure. What can I do for you?
C. No, thanks. I'm fine. D. Yes, go ahead!