Republic of the

Negros Oriental State

Philippines

University
College of Engineering and
Architecture
Main Campus II, Bajumpandan,
Dumaguete City

ENS 438 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

SECTION B / MWF 8:00-9:00 AM

STORM SEWER SYSTEM

DESIGN
SUBMITTED BY:

ENGR. Ph.D.
INSTRUCTOR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................3

II. DRAINAGE DESIGN CRITERIA ............................................................................4

1.0 PIPE SIZING ..............................................................................................................4

2.0 COEFFICIENTS.........................................................................................................4

3.0 INLET TIME ..............................................................................................................5

4.0 FORMULA/EQUATIONS.........................................................................................6

5.0 MANNING’S EQUATION........................................................................................6

6.0 VELOCITY ................................................................................................................7

7.0 SEWER FLOW TIME................................................................................................7

8.0 DEPTH OF SOIL COVER.........................................................................................8

III. STORM SEWER SYSTEM DESIGN LAYOUT......................................................9

IV. DATA SUMMARY & RESULTS ...........................................................................10

V. DESIGN COMPUTATIONS ......................................................................................11

1. LINE 1-2 CALCULATION .....................................................................................11

2. LINE 3-4 CALCULATION .....................................................................................14

3. LINE 4-2 CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................17

4. LINE 2–OUTFALL CALCULATIONS ..................................................................20

5. LINE 5-OUTFALL CALCULATION .....................................................................23

6. OUTFALL DISCHARGE CALCULATION...........................................................26

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I. INTRODUCTION
Design the storm sewer system of the proposed subdivision site development plan below for a
10-year return period.

Figure 1: Subdivision Map

Figure 2: Contour Map

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II. DRAINAGE DESIGN CRITERIA

Storm Sewer system design based on the following criteria for a 10-year return period.
1.0 PIPE SIZING
The calculated pipe must be rounded up to the nearest available commercial pipe size.
1.2 COMMERCIAL PIPE
Table 1: Commercially Available Pipe
Pipe Diameter
12” 300 m
14” 350 m
15” 375 m
16” 400 m
18” 450 m
21” 525 m
24” 600 m
27” 675 m
30” 750 m
36” 900 m
2.0 COEFFICIENTS
2.1 MANNINGS FORMULA, n

Table 2: Manning’s Formula, n

Values of n to be used
n
Nature of surfaces
Min
Neat cement surfaces 0.010
Wood-Stave pipe 0.010
Plank flumes, planed 0.010
Vitrified sewer pipe 0.010
Metal flumes, smooth 0.011
Concrete, precast 0.011
Cement mortar surfaces 0.011
Plank flumes, unplanned 0.011
Common- clay drainage tile 0.011
Concrete, monolithic 0.012
Brick with cement mortar 0.012
Cast iron-new 0.013
Cement rubble surfaces 0.017
Riveted steel 0.017
Corrugated metal pipe 0.021
Canals and ditches, smooth earth 0.017
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2.2 RUNOFF COEFFICIENT FOR RATIONAL METHOD

Runoff Coefficient should be chosen to match the character surface of each area in the
subdivision map.
Table 15.2.3 Runoff Coefficients for Use in the Rational Method
Return period (years)
Character of Surface 2 5 10
Developed
Asphaltic 0.73 0.77 0.81 0
Concrete/roof 0.75 0.80 0.83 0
Grass areas (lawns, parks, etc.)
Poor condition (grass cover less than 50% of the area)
Flat, 0-2% 0.32 0.34 0.37 0
Average, 2-7% 0.37 0.40 0.43 0
Steep, over 7% 0.40 0.43 0.45 0
Fair condition (grass cover 50% to 75% of the area)
Flat, 0-2% 0.25 0.28 0.30 0
Average, 2-7% 0.33 0.36 0.38 0
Steep, over 7% 0.37 0.40 0.42 0
Good condition (grass cover larger than 75% of the area)
Flat, 0-2% 0.21 0.23 0.25 0
Average, 2-7% 0.29 0.32 0.35 0
Steep, over 7% 0.34 0.37 0.49 0
Undeveloped
Cultivated land
Flat, 0-2% 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.40
Average, 2-7% 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44
Steep, over 7% 0.39 0.42 0.44 0.48
Pasture/range
Flat, 0-2% 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.34
Average, 2-7% 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.42
Steep, over 7% 0.37 0.40 0.42 0.46
Forest/woodlands
Flat, 0-2% 0.20 0.25 0
Average, 2-7% 0.31 0.34 0
Steep, over 7% 0.35 0.39 0

3.0 INLET TIME

Table 3: Inlet Time
Characteristics 𝑡��𝑖𝑖 (m
A. Densely developed areas 5-
B. Flat well-developed districts 10-15
C. Flat residential districts with widely spaced street inlets
20-30
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4.0 FORMULA/EQUATIONS
4.1 RAINFALL INTENSITY FORMULA
122.6𝑇𝑇
𝑖𝑖 =
(𝑡𝑡 + 1)0.83
where,
i = rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
T = return period
t = inlet time (min)
4.2 RUNOFF DISCHARGE FORMULA
𝑄𝑄 = 0.278
𝐶��𝑖�� 𝐴
𝐴
where,

𝑖𝑖 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑟
𝑟

𝐴𝐴 =
𝑘��𝑚
��2
𝐶𝐶 = Runoff
Coefficient

𝑄𝑄 =
3
𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑠

5.0 MANNING’S EQUATION

𝑄𝑄 =
21 1

𝐴��𝑅�
� 3 𝑆��
𝑛
2
𝑛

𝑉𝑉 =
21 1

𝑅�� 3 𝑆
2
𝑛
��
𝑛

5.1 PIPE DIAMETER EQUATION

5.1.1 ASSUMING THE PIPE IF FLOWING FULL,
Using the A and R, in terms of D,
𝜋�
�𝐷
 2
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𝐴𝐴 =
4
𝑅𝑅 4=
𝐷𝐷

Substituting it to Manning’s Equation,

we get,
1 𝜋��𝐷��2 𝐷𝐷 2 1
𝑄𝑄 = ( )(
𝑛 )3 𝑆�
𝑛 �2
4 4
Figure 3: Full Flowing Pipe
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5.1.2 WETTED ANGLE FOR A PARTIALLY FLOWING PIPE,

If the pipe is flowing, more than 50% of the Pipe Area,
𝜋� 1
𝐴𝐴 = �𝑟 + [𝑟�� 2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)]
2

𝛽𝛽
��
2

360
If the pipe is flowing, less than 50% of the Pipe Area,
𝜋� 1
𝐴𝐴 = �𝑟 − [𝑟�� 2 sin(𝛽��)]
2

𝛽𝛽
��
2

360

𝑃𝑃 =
𝜋𝜋𝑟��(𝛽
��)
180

Note: When beta is greater than

180°, the depth of flow is more
than half full, and when it’s less
than 180°, the depth of flow is
less than half full.
Calculating depth of flow, d,

𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 − [𝑟𝑟 cos �
𝛽��
2
�], if beta
(β) is less than 180
Figure 4: Partially Flowing
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟𝑟 cos
Pipe
𝛽��
2
� �], if beta
(β) is greater than 180

6.0 VELOCITY
The calculated velocity must not exceed the allowable maximum velocity to avoid any erosion,
and must not go below the minimum velocity, to avoid anything settling in the pipe.

𝑉𝑉 = 0.75 𝑚�� �𝑠𝑠

Minimum Velocity,
3

𝑉𝑉 = 3.0 𝑚�� �𝑠𝑠

Maximum Velocity,
3

7.0 SEWER FLOW TIME

The sewer flow time of each line shall be calculated using, Page |
𝐿𝐿𝐿��𝐿��𝐿��𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑡𝑡 =𝑉��𝐿�
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉�
�𝐿��𝑉
�𝐿𝐿𝑉𝑉
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8.0 DEPTH OF SOIL COVER

The recommended depth of soil cover must be equal or greater than 0.6 m.

8.1 INVERT ELEVATION

Upper and lower invert elevation shall be solved using this equation,

𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼𝐼𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��.

= 𝑀𝑀𝑀��𝑛��ℎ𝑜��𝐸��𝑈𝑈
𝐸��𝐸��𝑈��𝐼𝐼𝑀��𝑡��𝑖��𝑜��𝑛𝑛 − 𝐷𝐷𝑈��𝑈𝑈𝑡��ℎ
𝑜𝑜𝑜�� 𝑆𝑆𝑜𝑜𝑖��𝐸𝐸 𝐶��𝑜��𝐼𝐼𝑈��𝑟𝑟 − 𝑃𝑃𝑖��𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈
𝐷𝐷𝑖��𝑀��.
𝐿𝐿𝑜��𝐿𝐿𝑈��𝑟𝑟
𝐼𝐼𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡
𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. = 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑟𝑟
𝐼𝐼𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 − (𝑆��𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥
𝐿𝐿𝑈��𝑛��𝐿𝐿𝑡��ℎ)
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III. STORM SEWER SYSTEM DESIGN LAYOUT

Figure 5: Storm Sewer System Design Layout

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IV. DATA SUMMARY & RESULTS

LOCATION BASIC DATA SEWER DESIGN

GROUND
SURFACE CALCULATED DATA
Runoff Rainfall ELEVATION
Length Area Intel Manning's Sewer Invert Elevation
Line No. Manhole No. 2 Coefficien Intensity, MH Comme Depth
(m) (m ) Time n SLOPE, Computed Velocity Flowrate Flow (m)
t I (mm/hr) ELEVATION r cial of flow,
(ti) Upper So Ø (mm) (m/s) , Time
,C Lower Pipe Ø 3 d (mm) Upper Lower
(m) (m) Q (m /s) (min)
(mm)
Line 1-2 1 2 35 1404 0.83 218.236 7 92.0625 91.7812 0.0080 277.9133 300 1.368 0.0707 0.206 0.426 91.163 90.881 PASSED
Line 3-4 3 4 35 750 0.83 277.093 5 92.1938 91.9375 0.007 244.4899 300 1.214 0.0480 0.164 0.480 91.294 91.038 PASSED
Line 4-2 4 2 28 510 0.83 243.814 6 91.9375 91.7812 0.006 306.7175 350 1.227 0.0766 0.216 0.380 90.988 90.831 PASSED
0.013
Line 2- 2 Outfal 30 1074 0.83 209.028 7.426 91.7812 91.6438 0.005 455.3653 525 1.448 0.1991 0.319 0.345 90.656 90.519 PASSED
Line 5- 5 Outfal 28 441 0.83 218.236 7 91.75 91.6438 0.004 207.2343 300 0.782 0.0222 0.127 0.597 90.850 90.744 PASSED
Outfall - 861 0.83 197.911 8 91.6438 0.2607
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V. DESIGN COMPUTATIONS

1. LINE 1-2 CALCULATION

Solve for the time of concentration & Rainfall Intensity :

� 𝑡��𝑖𝑖1
��𝑠𝑠𝑈� 7 mins

= 𝑡����1
=

T = 10 years
i = 218.236 mm/hr

Solve for the design runoff, Q , using rational method;

2
km
C= 0.83 Atotal 0.0014
L= 35 m
𝑄𝑄 = 0.278𝐶��𝑖��𝐴𝐴
3
Q = 0.070699 m /s

Assuming Pipe is flowing full, for D ;

n = 0.013 So = 0.00804

1 𝜋��𝐷�� 2 𝐷𝐷 2 1
𝑄𝑄 = ( )( )3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛𝑛 4
4
D = 0.277913 m
D = 277.9133 mm
*Computed Pipe Size
D = 300 mm
*Commercial Pipe
Size r = 0.15 m

Checking if the Pipe is more than or less than half

full

Areafull = 0.060661 m

Commercial Pipe Area,

Area = 0.070686 m

Area Percentage = Areafull/Commercial Pipe Area

Area Percentage = 85.82 %

Since it is more than 50% the pipe is flowing more than half full
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Calculating the angle beta (β)

From manning's equation,

5
𝑄𝑄𝑛𝑛 𝐴
1 =�
𝑆�� 2 �
3
2
0.010252 𝑃
�
�
Since, 3

5
𝐴
�
3
=
�

2
𝑃
�
�
3

𝜋�� 1
𝐴𝐴 =
𝑟��2 2 𝑟�� sin(360 − 𝛽��)
2

𝛽𝛽
+
360
𝑃𝑃 =
𝜋�� 5

𝑟��
3

𝛽𝛽
180
0.010252 = 0.000196 (β) + 0.01125 sin (360 - β)
𝜋𝜋 0.15 2
𝛽𝛽
)3
(
18
0
Note : For complex equations, the use of calculator is needed to solve beta ( β ).

β = 224.060 *Beta is greater than 180

ϴ = 135.940
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 − [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 ] , if beta (β) is less than 180
2
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 ]
2 , if beta (β) is greater than 180
Checking if its equal or not, through substitution.

0.0103 = 0.0103

Solve for the actual velocity.

𝜋��𝑟��2 𝛽𝛽 1
𝐴𝐴 = + 𝑟��2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)
360 2
2

𝜋��𝑟��𝛽𝛽
A = 0.051817 m

𝑃𝑃 =
180
P = 0.586587 m
 1 2 1
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𝑉𝑉 = 𝑅�� 3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛
𝑛
V = 1.367842 m/s *Velocity is "> V min " and "< V max ".
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Calculate Depth of Flow.

𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 ]
2
d = 0.206263 m

Solve Sewer Flow Time.

𝐿��𝑈��𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ
𝑡𝑡 =
𝑉𝑉𝑈��𝐸��𝑜����𝑖��𝑡��𝑦

t= 35 = 25.5877 seconds
1.367842
= 0.42646
min

Invert Elevation

𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. =

𝑀��𝑀��𝑛��ℎ𝑜��𝐸��𝑈𝑈 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. −𝐷��𝑈��𝑈��𝑡��ℎ
𝑜��𝑜𝑜 𝐶��𝑜��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 − 𝑃𝑃𝑖��𝑈��𝑈𝑈 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖𝑀��.

MH 1 Elev. = 92.0625
m

Depth of Cover = 0.6

m

Upper Invert = 91.1625

m

𝐿𝐿𝑜𝑜𝐿��𝑈𝑈𝑟�� 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈𝑈𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. = 𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟

𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. −(𝑆𝑆𝑜�� 𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑈𝑈𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ)

Lower Invert = 90.8812 m

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2. LINE 3-4 CALCULATION

Solve for the time of concentration & Rainfall Intensity :

� 𝑡��𝑖𝑖3
��𝑠𝑠𝑈� 5 mins

= 𝑡����3
=

T = 10 years
i = 277.093 mm/hr

Solve for the design runoff, Q , using rational method;

2
km
C= 0.83 Atotal 0.00075
L= 35 m
𝑄𝑄 = 0.278𝐶��𝑖��𝐴𝐴
3
Q = 0.047952 m /s

Assuming Pipe is flowing full, for D ;

n = 0.013 So = 0.00732
1 𝜋��𝐷�� 𝐷𝐷 2 1 2
𝑄𝑄 = ( )( )3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛𝑛 4
4

D = 0.24449 m
D = 244.4899 mm
*Computed Pipe Size
D = 300 mm
*Commercial Pipe
Size r = 0.15 m

Checking if the Pipe is more than or less than half

full

Areafull = 0.046947 m

Commercial Pipe Area,

Area = 0.070686 m

Area Percentage = Areafull/Commercial Pipe Area

Area Percentage = 66.42 %

Since it is more than 50% the pipe is flowing more than half full
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Calculating the angle beta (β)

From manning's equation,

5
𝑄𝑄𝑛𝑛 𝐴
1 =�
𝑆�� 2 �
3
2
𝑃
�
3
�

5
𝐴

=
0.007285 �
3
�
2
Since, 𝑃
�
3
�

𝜋�� 1
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑟�� 𝑟��2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)
2
2
𝛽𝛽
+
360
𝑃𝑃 = 5
𝜋�� 3
𝑟��
𝛽𝛽
180
0.007285 = 0.000196 (β) + 0.01125 sin (360 - β)
𝜋�� 0.15 2
𝛽𝛽
)3
(
180
Note : For complex equations, the use of calculator is needed to solve beta ( β ).

β = 190.8673 *Beta is greater than 180

ϴ = 169.1327
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 − [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 ] , if beta (β) is less than 180
2
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 2 ] , if beta (β) is greater than 180

Checking if its equal or not, through substitution.

0.0073 = 0.0073

Solve for the actual velocity.

𝜋��𝑟��2 𝛽𝛽 1
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑟��2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)
+ 2
360

𝑃𝑃 =
2
A = 0.039598 m
𝜋��𝑟��𝛽𝛽 180 Page |
P = 0.499689 m
1 2 1
𝑉𝑉 = 𝑅�� 3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛
𝑛
V = 1.214442 m/s *Velocity is "> V min " and "< V max ".
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Calculate Depth of Flow.

𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 ]
2
d = 0.164204 m

𝐿��𝑈��𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ
Solve Sewer Flow Time.

𝑡𝑡 =
𝑉𝑉𝑈��𝐸��𝑜����𝑖��𝑡��𝑦
35 = 28.8198 seconds
t=
1.214442
= 0.48033 min

Invert Elevation

𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. =

𝑀��𝑀��𝑛��ℎ𝑜��𝐸��𝑈𝑈 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. −𝐷��𝑈��𝑈��𝑡��ℎ
𝑜��𝑜𝑜 𝐶��𝑜��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 − 𝑃𝑃𝑖��𝑈��𝑈𝑈 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖𝑀��.

MH 3 Elev. = 92.1938 m

Depth of Cover = 0.6 m

Upper Invert = 91.2938 m

𝐿��𝑜��𝐿��𝑈𝑈𝑟�� 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. =

𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. −(𝑆𝑆𝑜��
𝑥𝑥 𝐿��𝑈��𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ)

Lower Invert = 91.0375 m

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3. LINE 4-2 CALCULATIONS

��𝑠��𝑈𝑈 𝑡��𝑖��3 𝑡�
Solve for the Time of Concentration & Rainfall Intensity :
5 mins 6 mins
= �𝑖�
�4
=
𝑡��𝑐3−4 =
𝑡�
𝑡��𝑖��3 +
0.48033 mins
�𝑓3
𝑡��𝑓3 =
t c3-4 = 5.480 min
t i4 = 6 min *Use this the highest

time use t c4 = 6 min

T = 10 years
i = 243.814 mm/hr

Solve for the design runoff, Q , using rational method;

2
km
C= 0.83 Atotal 0.00051
L= 28 m
𝑄𝑄 =
0.278𝐶��𝑖��𝐴𝐴
3-4
3
Q = 0.0286914 m /s +Q
3 3
Q = 0.0286914 m /s + 0.04795 m /s
3
Q = 0.0766437 m /s

Assuming Pipe is flowing full, for D ;

n = 0.013 So = 0.00558
1 𝜋��𝐷�� 𝐷𝐷 2 1
2
𝑄𝑄 = ( )( )3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛𝑛 4
4

D = 0.3067175 m
D = 306.71747 mm
*Computed Pipe Size
D = 350 mm
*Commercial Pipe
Size r = 0.175 m

Checking if the Pipe is more than or less than half

full

Areafull = 0.0738868 m

Commercial Pipe Area,

 Page |

Area = 0.0962113 m

Area Percentage = Areafull/Commercial Pipe Area

Area Percentage = 76.80 %

Since it is more than 50% the pipe is flowing more than half full

Calculating the angle beta (β)

From manning's equation,

5
𝑄��𝑛𝑛 𝐴
1
=�
𝑆�� 2 �
3
2
𝑃
�
3
�

5
𝐴
0.013336 �
3
=
�
2
𝑃
�
3
�

Since,
𝜋� 1
𝐴𝐴 = + 𝑟�� 2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)
�𝑟 2

𝑃𝑃 = 𝛽𝛽
��
2

360 5
3
𝜋�

𝑟𝛽𝛽
�𝑟

180
0.013336 =
𝜋𝜋 0.175
0.00026725 (β) + 0.01531 sin (360 - β)
2

𝛽𝛽
)3
(
18
0
Note : For complex equations, the use of calculator is needed to solve beta ( β ).

β= 207.404 *Beta is greater than 180

ϴ= 152.596
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 − [𝑟𝑟��𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠 ] , if beta (β) is less than 180
2
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟𝑟��𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠 ] , if beta (β) is greater than 180
2

Checking if its equal or not, through substitution.

0.0133 = 0.0133
Solve for the actual velocity. Page |
𝜋��𝑟��2 𝛽𝛽 1
𝐴𝐴 = + 𝑟��2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)
360 2
2
A = 0.0624772 m
 Page |
𝜋��𝑟��𝛽𝛽
𝑃𝑃 =
180
P = 0.6334793 m
1 2 1
𝑉𝑉 = 𝑅�� 3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛
𝑛
V = 1.2268264 m/s *Velocity is "> V min " and "< V max ".

Calculate Depth of Flow.

𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟𝑟��𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠 ]
2
d= 0.2164525 m

𝐿��
Solve Sewer Flow Time.

𝑡𝑡 = 𝑈��
𝑛��𝐿
t= ��𝑡 = 22.8231 seconds

𝑉𝑉𝑈�
��ℎ

𝑜���
�𝐸��

�𝑖��𝑡
��𝑦
28
1.2268264
= 0.38039 min

Invert Elevation

𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. =

𝑀��𝑀��𝑛��ℎ𝑜��𝐸��𝑈𝑈 𝐸𝐸𝐸��𝑈��𝐼��. −𝐷��𝑈��𝑈��𝑡��ℎ
𝑜��𝑜𝑜 𝐶��𝑜��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 − 𝑃𝑃𝑖��𝑈��𝑈𝑈 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖𝑀��.

MH 4 Elev. = 91.9375 m

Depth of Cover = 0.6 m

Upper Invert = 90.9875 m

𝐿𝐿𝑜𝑜𝐿��𝑈𝑈𝑟�� 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈𝑈𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. =

𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. −(𝑆𝑆𝑜��
𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑈𝑈𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ)

Lower Invert = 90.8312 m

 Page |

4. LINE 2–OUTFALL CALCULATIONS

𝑡��𝑖��1 + 𝑡��𝑐1−2 = 7.42646 mins

Solve for the Time of Concentration & Rainfall Intensity :

𝑡��𝑖��2 =
��𝑠��𝑈𝑈 7 mins
*Use the highest

𝑡��𝑖��4 + 𝑡��𝑐4−2 =6.38039 mins

time

T = 10 years
i = 209.028 mm/hr

Solve for the design runoff, Q , using rational method;

2
km
C= 0.83 Atotal 0.00107
L= 30 m
𝑄𝑄 =
0.278𝐶��𝑖��𝐴𝐴
3
4-2 + Q 1-2
Q= 0.0518 m /s + Q
3 3 3
Q= 0.0518 m /s + 0.0766 m /s + 0.0707 m /s
3
Q = 0.19914 m /s

Assuming Pipe is flowing full, for D ;

n = 0.013 So = 0.00458

1 𝜋��𝐷�� 2 𝐷𝐷 2 1
𝑄𝑄 = ( )( )3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛𝑛 4
4
D = 0.45537 m
D = 455.365 mm
*Computed Pipe Size
D = 525 mm
*Commercial Pipe
Size r = 0.2625 m

Checking if the Pipe is more than or less than half

full

Areafull = 0.16286 m

Commercial Pipe Area,

Area = 0.21648 m

Area Percentage = Areafull/Commercial Pipe Area

Area Percentage = 75.23 %

Since it is more than 50% the pipe is flowing more than half full
 Page |

Calculating the angle beta (β)

From manning's equation,

5
𝑄��𝑛𝑛 𝐴
1
=�
𝑆�� 2 �
3
2
𝑃
�
�
3

5
𝐴
0.038254 �
3
=
�
Since,
2
𝑃
�
�
3

𝜋��+𝑟�� 2 𝛽𝛽 1 2
𝐴𝐴 = sin(360 − 𝛽��)
360 2
𝑟𝑟

𝜋��𝑟𝑟
𝛽𝛽
𝑃𝑃 =
180 5
3
0.038254 = 𝜋𝜋 0.26
0.0006 (β) + 0.034 sin (360 - β)
𝛽𝛽
2
( 180 ) 3

Note : For complex equations, the use of calculator is needed to solve beta ( β ).
β = 204.77 *Beta is greater than 180
ϴ = 155.23
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 − [𝑟𝑟��𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠 ] , if beta (β) is less than 180
2
𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟𝑟��𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠 ]
2 , if beta (β) is greater than 180

0.0383 =0.0383
Checking if its equal or not, through substitution.

Solve for the actual velocity.

𝜋��𝑟��2 𝛽𝛽 1
𝐴𝐴 = + 𝑟��2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)
360 2

A= 0.14 m2
𝜋�
�𝑟
�
𝛽
�𝛽
𝑃𝑃 =
180
P = 0.93815 m
1 2 1
𝑉𝑉 =
𝑛𝑛 𝑅�� 3 𝑆�� 2 Page |
V= 1.448 m/s *Velocity is "> V min " and "< V max ".
 Page |

Calculate Depth of Flow.

𝜃
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟𝑟��𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠 ]
2
d= 0.3188 m

Solve Sewer Flow Time.

𝐿𝐿𝑈𝑈𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ
𝑡𝑡 =
𝑉��𝑈𝑈𝐸��𝑜𝑜��𝑖��𝑡��𝑦
30 = 20.72 seconds
t=
1.45
= 0.3454 min

Invert Elevation

𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. =

𝑀��𝑀𝑀𝑛��ℎ𝑜𝑜𝐸��𝑈𝑈 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. −𝐷��𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑡��ℎ 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝐶��𝑜𝑜𝐼��𝑈𝑈𝑟�� − 𝑃��𝑖��𝑈��𝑈𝑈 𝐷��𝑖��𝑀��.

MH 2 Elev. = 91.7812 m

Depth of Cover = 0.6 m

Upper Invert = 90.6562 m

𝐿𝐿𝑜𝑜𝐿��𝑈𝑈𝑟�� 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈𝑈𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. =

𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. −(𝑆𝑆𝑜��
𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑈𝑈𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ)

Lower Invert = 90.5188 m

 Page |

5. LINE 5-OUTFALL CALCULATION

Solve for the time of concentration & Rainfall Intensity :

� 𝑡��𝑖𝑖5
��𝑠𝑠𝑈� 7 mins

= 𝑡����5
=

T = 10 years
i = 218.236 mm/hr

Solve for the design runoff, Q , using rational method;

2
km
C= 0.83 Atotal 0.000441
L= 28
𝑄𝑄 = 0.278𝐶��𝑖��𝐴𝐴
m

3
Q = 0.022207 m /s

Assuming Pipe is flowing full, for D ;

n = 0.013 So = 0.00379

1 𝜋��𝐷�� 2 𝐷𝐷 2 1
𝑄𝑄 = ( )( )3 𝑆�� 2
𝑛𝑛 4
4

D = 0.207234 m
D = 207.2343 mm
*Computed Pipe Size
D = 300 mm
*Commercial Pipe Size
r= 0.15 m

Checking if the Pipe is more than or less than half

full

Areafull = 0.03373 m

Commercial Pipe Area,

Area = 0.070686 m

Area Percentage = Areafull/Commercial Pipe Area

Area Percentage = 47.72 %

Since it is less than 50% the pipe is flowing less than half full
 Page |

Calculating the angle beta (β)

From manning's equation,

5
𝑄��𝑛𝑛 𝐴
1
=�
𝑆�� 2 �
3
2
𝑃
�
3
�

5
𝐴
0.004688 �
3
=
�
2
𝑃
�
3
�

Since,
𝜋��− 𝑟�� 2 𝛽𝛽 1
𝐴𝐴 = sin(𝛽��) 2
360
𝑟𝑟
2
𝜋��𝑟𝑟
𝑃𝑃 𝛽𝛽
=
180
5
3
0.004688 = 𝜋𝜋 0.15 β2
0.000196 (β) - 0.01125 sin (β)

)3
(
18
0
Note : For complex equations, the use of calculator is needed to solve beta ( β ).
β = 162.4537 *Beta is less than 180
β
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 − [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 ] , if beta (β) is less than 180
2
𝛽𝛽
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 + [𝑟����𝑜��𝑠𝑠 ] , if beta (β) is greater than 180
2

Checking if its equal or not, through substitution.

0.0047 = 0.0047

Solve for the actual velocity.

𝜋��𝑟��2 𝛽𝛽 1
𝐴𝐴 = + 𝑟��2 sin(360 − 𝛽��)
360 2
2

𝜋��𝑟��𝛽𝛽
A = 0.028506 m

𝑃𝑃 =
180
P = 0.425303 m
1 2 1
𝑉𝑉 =
𝑛𝑛 𝑅�� 3 𝑆�� 2 Page |
V = 0.781687 m/s *Velocity is "> V min " and "< V max ".
 Page |

𝛽𝛽
Calculate Depth of Flow.
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑟𝑟 − ]
2
[𝑟𝑟��𝑜𝑜𝑠
𝑠
d= 0.1271 m

𝐿𝐿𝑈𝑈𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ
Solve Sewer Flow Time.
𝑡𝑡 =
𝑉��𝑈𝑈𝐸��𝑜𝑜��𝑖��𝑡��𝑦
t= 28 = 35.82 seconds
0.781687
= 0.597 min

Invert Elevation

𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. =

𝑀��𝑀𝑀𝑛��ℎ𝑜𝑜𝐸��𝑈𝑈 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. −𝐷��𝑈𝑈𝑈��𝑡��ℎ 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝐶��𝑜𝑜𝐼��𝑈𝑈𝑟�� − 𝑃��𝑖��𝑈��𝑈𝑈 𝐷��𝑖��𝑀��.

MH 5 Elev. = 91.75 m

Depth of Cover = 0.6 m

Upper Invert = 90.85 m

𝐿𝐿𝑜𝑜𝐿��𝑈𝑈𝑟�� 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈𝑈𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. =

𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑈��𝑟𝑟 𝐼��𝑛��𝐼��𝑈��𝑟��𝑡𝑡 𝐸��𝐸��𝑈𝑈𝐼��. −(𝑆𝑆𝑜��
𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑈𝑈𝑛��𝐿��𝑡��ℎ)

Lower Invert = 90.7438 m

 Page |

6. OUTFALL DISCHARGE CALCULATION

𝑡��𝑖��2 + 7.77186 mins

Solve for the Time of Concentration & Rainfall Intensity :
��𝑠��𝑈
𝑈 𝑡��𝑐2−𝑉𝑉
8 mins

𝑡��𝑖��𝑉� =
�����𝑓��
��𝑙 =

𝑡��𝑖��5 +
*Use the highest time

𝑡��𝑐5−𝑉𝑉
7.597 mins

=
T = 10 years
i = 197.911 mm/hr

Solve for the design runoff, Q, using rational method;

C= 0.83 Atotal = 0.00086 km 2

𝑄𝑄 = 0.278𝐶��𝑖��𝐴𝐴
3
Q = 0.03932 m /s

Calculate Total Discharge for O utfall,

𝑄��𝐿𝐿𝑜������𝑙 = 𝑄��𝑉𝑉����������𝑙 + 𝑄��2−𝑉������������𝑙 +

𝑄��5−𝑉������������𝑙

Q = 0.03932 +0.19914 +0.02221

3
Q= 0.26067 m /s