Scribd
Upload
10 views

3 Hydrostatic Pressure

The document discusses hydrostatics, focusing on fluid at rest and the principles of hydrostatic pressure, which is the pressure exerted by a fluid due to gravity. It explains various types of pressure, including atmospheric, gauge, and absolute pressure, as well as Pascal's Law and pressure variation in static fluids. Additionally, it provides sample problems for calculating pressure and specific gravity in different scenarios.

Uploaded by

jhessamaede
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

3 Hydrostatic Pressure

The document discusses hydrostatics, focusing on fluid at rest and the principles of hydrostatic pressure, which is the pressure exerted by a fluid due to gravity. It explains various types of pressure, including atmospheric, gauge, and absolute pressure, as well as Pascal's Law and pressure variation in static fluids. Additionally, it provides sample problems for calculating pressure and specific gravity in different scenarios.

Uploaded by

jhessamaede
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

HYDRAULICS

TOPIC 2: HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE


INTRODUCTION
Hydrostatics or Fluid statics deals with the study of fluid at rest wherein the
system is in equilibrium and the effect of force exerted by the fluid on an
immersed object. It is an important body of knowledge that exists in all
biological environments. It covers principles applied in various equipment,
machines, vehicles, ships, submarines, medicine (pressure in blood vessels),
hydraulic structures, etc.
Pressure force applied per unit area over which that force is distributed in all
directions.
𝑭
𝑷=𝑨
UNITS OF PRESSURE
 1 N/m2 or 1 Pascal, Pa
 1 lb/in2 or 1 psi
 1 atm= 101.325 Kpa
 1 bar= 100KPa
 760 torr= 1 atm
 14.7psi= 1 atm
 760 mmHg= 1 atm
 29.9 inHg=1 atm
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, GAUGE PRESSURE AND
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
Atmospheric Pressure is the pressure at any point on earth’s surface exerted by the weight of the air above
that point. At mean sea level, the standard reference for measuring atmospheric pressure, it is taken as:
1 atm,
101.325kPa,
14.7 psi,
29.9 in Hg,
760mmHg

Atmospheric pressure can be measured using barometer


ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, GAUGE PRESSURE AND
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, GAUGE PRESSURE AND
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE

Gage Pressure (Relative Pressure) is the resulting pressure obtained over and above the atmospheric pressure
and can be measured using manometer
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, GAUGE PRESSURE AND
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE

(NEGATIVE PRESSURE OR VACUUM) POSITIVE GAGE PRESSURE


ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, GAUGE PRESSURE AND
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE

Absolute Pressure is the pressure measured above absolute zero. It is always equal to the sum of gage and
atmospheric pressure.
Pabs = Patm + Pgage
PASCAL’S LAW
introduced by a French mathematician and
philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), states that “at
any point in a static fluid, the pressure is equal in all
directions and all parts of container”. It can be proven
through a fluid in a series of tubes (Pascal Tubes)
which rises in the same level regardless of the shape,
size or angle.
PRESSURE VARIATION IN A STATIC FLUID

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that is exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given


point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure increases in
proportion to depth measured from the surface because of the increasing weight of
fluid exerting downward force from above. Therefore, the difference in pressure
between two points in a static fluid is equal to the product of the unit weight of the fluid
and the vertical distance between two points.

Pb-Pa = γh
Pb = Pa+ γh where
Pa= pressure at point A
Pb= pressure at point B
γ= unit weight of fluid
h= depth of fluid
PRESSURE VARIATION IN A STATIC FLUID

If point A is at the surface of the fluid, Pa is equal to zero because it is


only exposed to atmospheric pressure and its gauge pressure is zero.
Therefore, pressure at point B is;
Pb = γh

Points at the same depth and homogenous fluid has the same
magnitude of pressure
Pa=Pc
PRESSURE VARIATION IN A STATIC FLUID

For various layers of fluid, pressure at the bottom can be computed getting the
sum of pressures from the topmost layer.
Pbottom= γ1h1+ γ2h2+ γ3h3+……+ γnhn
PRESSURE VARIATION IN A STATIC FLUID

Pressure head is the height of a


column of homogenous fluid that will h
produce an intensity of pressure.
𝑷
h=𝜸
To convert pressure head of a certain
fluid to another fluid experiencing
SAME PRESSURE
the same intensity of pressure,
𝑃𝐴 =𝑃𝐵 h
𝛾𝐴 ℎ𝐴 = 𝛾𝐵 ℎ𝐵 h
𝜸𝑩 𝒉𝑩
𝒉𝑨 = 𝜸𝑨
MERCURY OIL
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. A weather person states that the barometric pressure is 29 in of mercury.
Convert this pressure to
(a) kPa,
(b) psi,
(c) ft of water, and
(d) bars
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. A weather person states that the barometric pressure is 29 in of mercury.
Convert this pressure to
(a) kPa,
(b) psi,
(c) ft of water, and
(d) bars
SAMPLE PROBLEM
2. Compute for the pressure (kPa) in points:
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
f. F
g. G
SAMPLE PROBLEM
2. Compute for the pressure (kPa) in points:
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
f. F
g. G
SAMPLE PROBLEM
3. A manometer connects an oil pipeline and a water
pipeline as shown. Determine the difference in
pressure (in kPa) between the two pipelines (𝑷𝟏 - 𝑷𝟔 )
using the readings on the manometer.
Use SG oil = 0.86 and SG Hg = 13.6
SAMPLE PROBLEM
What force in kN in the plunger B with area of 0.00323m2
is required to lift a weight of 44kN if the area of the
cylinder is 0.323 m2 if the plunger is 4.6m higher than the
cylinder and the passage is filled with oil whose specific
gravity is 0.78?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
The system is at 20 deg C, the atmospheric pressure is 101. 02 kPa and the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank is
241.4 kPa, what is the specific gravity of olive oil?
SAE 30 = 0.88
Water = 0.9982
Hg = 13.54

You might also like