Sure Shot Questions 2025

Chapter – 07
Alternating Current
Questions

1. Distinguish between reactance and impedance of

an ac circuit. Show that an ideal inductor in ar ac
circuit does not dissipate any power. Determine
(i) The source frequency which derives the
circuit in resonance.
2. A resistor of 30  and a capacitor of 250  F are
 (ii) The quality factor (Q) of the circuit.
connected in series to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source.
Calculate (i) the current in the circuit, and (ii) 6. Find the value of the phase difference between the
voltage drops across the resistor and the capacitor. current and the voltage in the series LCR circuit
(iii) Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more shown below. Which one leads in phase: current or
than the source voltage? If yes, solve the paradox. voltage?

3. An ac source of emf V = V0 sin t is connected to a

capacitor of capacitance C. Deduce the expression
for the current (l) flowing in it. Plot the graph of (i)
V vs t , and (ii) l vs t .
OR OR
Show that the current leads the voltage in phase Determine the value of phase difference between
by  / 2 in an ac circuit containing an ideal the current and the voltage in the given series LCR
capacitor. circuit.

4. A capacitor ‘C’, a variable resistor ‘R’ and a bulb ‘B’

are connected in series to the ac mains in circuit as
shown. The bulb glows with some brightness.

7. A device X is connected across an ac source of

voltage V = V0 sin t . The current through X is
 
given as l = l0 sin  t + .
 2
How will the glow of the bulb change if (i) a (a) Identify the device X and write the expression
dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of for its reactance.
the capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the (b) Draw graphs showing variation of voltage and
same; (ii) the resistance R is increased keeping the current with time over one cycle of ac, for X.
same capacitance? (c) How does the reactance of the device X vary
with frequency of the ac? Show this variation
5. The figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to graphically.
a variable frequency 200 V source with L = 50 mH, (d) Draw the phasor diagram for the device X.
C = 80  F and R = 40  .

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8. A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source
V = V0 sin t . The variation of voltage, current 12. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor.
Predict your observation when this combination is
and power in one cycle is shown in the following
connected in turn across
graph:
(i) ac source and
(ii) a dc battery. What change would you notice in
each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is
increased?

13. When an inductor is connected to 200 V dc

voltage, a current of 1 A flows through it. When
the same inductor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz
ac source, only 0.5 A current flows. Explain, why ?
(a) Identify the device ‘X’. Also, calculate the self inductance of the inductor.
(b) Which of the curves A, B and C represent the
voltage, current and the power consumed in 14. A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric
the circuit? Justify your answer. power at 220V is situated 20 km away from an
(c) How does its impedance vary with frequency electric plant generating power at 440 V. the
of the ac source? Show graphically. resistance of the two wire line carrying power is
(d) Obtain an expression for the current in the 0.5 Ω per km. the town gets the power from the
circuit and its phase relation with ac voltage. line through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer
at a sub-station in the town. Estimate the line
9. (a) In a series LCR circuit connected across an ac power loss in the from of heat.
source of variable frequency, obtain the expression
for its impedance and draw a plot showing its 15. A device X is connected across an ac source of
variation with frequency of the ac source. voltage 𝑉 = 𝑉0sin 𝜔𝑡. The current through X is
(b) What is the phase difference between the 𝜋
given as 𝐼 = 𝐼0 sin (𝜔𝑡 + 2 )
voltages across inductor and the capacitor at
(a) Identify the device X and write the expression for
resonance in the LCR circuit?
its reactance.
(c) When an inductor is connected to a 200 V dc
(b) Draw graphs showing variation of voltage and
voltage, a current of 1A flows through it. When
current with time over one cycle of ac, for X.
the same inductor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz
(c) How does the reactance of the device X vary with
ac source, only 0.5 A current flows. Explain, why?
frequency of the ac? Show this variation
Also, calculate the self inductance of the inductor.
graphically.
(d) Draw the phasor diagram for the device X.
10. With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the
working of a step – up transformer. Give reasons
to explain the following:
16. (a) Find the value of the phase difference between
the current and the voltage in the series LCR circuit
(i) The core of the transformer is laminated.
shown below. Which one leads in phase: current or
(ii) Thick copper wire is used in windings.
voltage?
(b) Without making any other change, find the
11. (a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to
value of the additional capacitor 𝐶1 , to be
decrease high ac voltage into a low ac voltage and
connected in parallel with capacitor C, in order to
state its working principle. Write four sources of
make the power factor of the circuit unity.
energy loss in this device.
(b) A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of
electric power at 220 V is situated 20 km away
from an electric plant generating power at 440 V.
The resistance of the two wire line carrying power
is 0.5  per km. The town gets the power from
the line through a 4000 – 220 V step – down
transformer at a substation in the town. Estimate
the line power loss in the form of heat.

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17. The power factor of an ac circuit is 0.5. What is the one complete cycle is shown in the following
phase difference between voltage and current in figure.
the circuit? i. Which curve shows power consumption over a full
cycle?
18. Define rms value of AC & derive an expression for ii. Identify the device ‘X’
it.

19. Why is the use of ac voltage preferred over dc

voltage? Give two reasons.

20. Show that the current leads the voltage in phase 25. A capacitor ‘C’, a variable resistor ‘R’ and a bulb ‘B’
by 𝜋⁄2 in an a.c. circuit containing an ideal are connected in series to the ac mains in circuit as
capacitor & also show that the average power shown. The bulb glows with some brightness. How
supplied by the source over a complete cycle is will the glow of the bulb change if (i) a dielectric
Zero in this circuit. slab is introduced between the plates of the
capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the same; (ii)
the resistor R is increased keeping the same
21. (i) Prove that current flowing through an ideal
capacitance?
inductor connected across ac source, lags the
𝜋
voltage in phase by .
2
(ii) An inductor of self-inductance 100mH and a
bulb are connected in series with ac source of rms
voltage 10 V, 50Hz. It is found that effective
voltage of the circuit leads the current in phase by
𝜋
. Calculate the inductance of the inductor used
4 26. A 200 mH (pure) inductor and a 5 𝜇𝐹 (pure)
and average power dissipated in the circuit, if a capacitor are connected one by one, across a
current of 1A flows in the circuit. sinusoidal ac voltage source of V = [70.7 sin
(1000t)] voltage. Obtain the expressions for the
22. Obtain the expression for the energy density of current in each case.
magnetic field B produced in the inductor.
27. An ac voltage V = Vm sin𝜔t is applied to a series
23. A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source 𝑉 = LCR circuit. Obtain an expression for the current in
𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔t. the circuit and voltage. What is resonance
The variation of voltage, current and power in one frequency?
cycle is shown in the following graph:
28. An ac source of voltage V = V0 sin 𝜔t is connected
to a series combination of L, C and R. Use the
phasor diagram to obtain expressions for
impedance of the circuit and phase angle between
voltage and current. Find the condition when
current will be in phase with the voltage. What is
the circuit in this condition called?
(i) identify the device ‘X’. (ii) In a series LR circuit XL = R and power factor of
(ii) Which of the curves A, B and C represent the the circuit is P1. When capacitor with capacitance
voltage, current and the power consumed in the C such that XL = XC is put in series, the power
circuit? Justify your answer. factor becomes P2. Calculate 𝑃1
𝑃
(iii) How does its impedance vary with frequency 2

of the ac source? Show graphically.

(iv) Obtain an expression for the current in the 29. (i) Describe, with the help of a suitable diagram,
circuit and its phase relation with ac voltage. the working principle of a step-up transformer.
Obtain the relation between input and output
24. A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source V = V0 sin voltages in terms of the number of turns of
𝜔𝑡.The variation of voltage, current and power in primary and secondary windings and the currents
in the input and output circuits.

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 𝜋
(ii) Given the input current 15 A and the input Voltage is ahead of the current in phase by . But
4
voltage of 100 V for a step-up transformer having the current is ahead of the voltage in phase by
90% efficiency, find the output power and the 𝜋
when Z is connected in series with X across the
voltage in the secondary if the output current is 3 4
A. source. Identify the circuit elements X, Y and Z.
When all the three elements are connected in
series across the same source, determine the
30. (i) Write the function of a transformer. State its
impedance of the circuit.
principle of working with the help of a diagram.
Draw a plot of the circuit versus the frequency of
Mention various energy losses in this device. (ii)
applied source and mention the significance of
The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer
this plot
has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100.
The input voltage and power are respectively 220
V and 1100 W. Calculate 32. A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and a 60 µF
a. Number of turns in secondary capacitor in series is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz
b. Current in primary supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.
c. voltage across secondary a. Obtain the current amplitude and rms values.
d. Current in secondary b. Obtain the rms values of potential drops across
e. Power in secondary each element.
c. What is the average power transferred to the
inductor?
31. You are given three circuit elements X, Y and Z.
d. What is the average power transferred to the
When the element X is connected across an a.c.
capacitor?
source of a given voltage, the current and the
e. What is the total average power absorbed by the
voltage are in the same phase. When the element
circuit?
Y is connected in series with X across the source,

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