Question:1

2x + 3y = 2, x -2y = 8.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' representing the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 2x + 3y = 2

2x + 3y = 2
⇒ 3y = (2 − 2x)
⇒ 3y = 2(1 − x)
2(1-x )
⇒y= 3 ...i
Putting x = 1, we get y = 0
Putting x = − 2, we get y = 2
Putting x = 4, we get y = −2
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x + 3y = 2.
x 1 −2 4
y 0 2 −2

Now, plot the points A1, 0, B−2, 2 and C4, − 2 on the graph paper.
Join AB and AC to get the graph line BC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, the line BC is the graph of 2x + 3y = 2.

Graph of x − 2y = 8
x − 2y = 8
⇒ 2y = ( x − 8)
x -8
⇒y= 2 ...ii
Putting x = 2, we get y = −3
Putting x = 4, we get y = −2
Putting x = 0, we get y = −4
Thus, we have the following table for the equation x - 2y = 8.
x 2 4 0
y −3 −2 −4
Now, plot the points P0, − 4 and Q2, − 3. The point C4, − 2 has already been plotted. Join PQ and QC and extend it on both ways.
Thus, line PC is the graph of x − 2y = 8.

The two graph lines intersect at C4, − 2.

∴ x = 4 and y = −2 are the solutions of the given system of equations.

Question:2
3x + 2y = 4, 2x -3y = 7.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' representing the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 3x + 2y = 4

3x + 2y = 4
⇒ 2y = (4 − 3x)
4-3x
⇒y= 2 ...i
Putting x = 0, we get y = 2
Putting x = 2, we get y = −1
Putting x = −2, we get y = 5
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 3x + 2y = 4.
x 0 2 −2
y 2 −1 5

Now, plot the points A0, 2, B2, − 1 and C−2, 5 on the graph paper.
Join AB and AC to get the graph line BC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, BC is the graph of 3x + 2y = 4.

Graph of 2x − 3y = 7
2x − 3y = 7
⇒ 3y = (2x − 7)
2x -7
⇒y= 3
Putting x = 2, we get y = −1
Putting x = −1, we get y = −3
Putting x = 5, we get y = 1
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x − 3y = 7.
x 2 −1 5
y −1 −3 1
Now, plot the points P−1, − 3 and Q5, 1. The point B2, − 1 has already been plotted. Join PB and QB and extend it on both ways.
Thus, PQ is the graph of 2x − 3y = 7.

The two graph lines intersect at B2, − 1.

∴ x = 2 and y = −1 are the solutions of the given system of equations.

Question:3
2x + 3y = 8, x -2y + 3 = 0.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 2x + 3y = 8

2x + 3y = 8
⇒ 3y = (8 − 2x)
8-2x
∴y = 3 ...........i
Putting x = 1, we get y = 2.
Putting x = −5, we get y = 6.
Putting x = 7, we get y = −2.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x + 3y = 8.
x 1 −5 7
y 2 6 −2

Now, plot the points A1, 2, B5, − 6 and C7, − 2 on the graph paper.
Join AB and AC to get the graph line BC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, BC is the graph of 2x + 3y = 8.

Graph of x − 2y + 3 = 0
x − 2y + 3 = 0
⇒ 2y = (x + 3)
x +3
∴ y = 2 ..........ii
Putting x = 1, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 3, we get y = 3.
Putting x = −3, we get y = 0.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation x − 2y + 3 = 0.
x 1 3 −3
y 2 3 0
Now, plot the points P3, 3 and Q−3, 0. The point A1, 2 has already been plotted. Join AP and QA and extend it on both ways.
Thus, PQ is the graph of x − 2y + 3 = 0.
The two graph lines intersect at A1, 2.
∴ x = 1 and y = 2

Question:4
2x -5y + 4 = 0, 2x + y -8 = 0.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 2x − 5y + 4 = 0

2x − 5y + 4 = 0
⇒ 5y = (2x + 4)
2x +4
∴y = 5 ...........i
Putting x = −2, we get y = 0.
Putting x = 3, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 8, we get y = 4.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x − 5y + 4 = 0.
x −2 3 8
y 0 2 4

Now, plot the points A−2, 0, B3, 2 and C8, 4 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AC is the graph of 2x − 5y + 4 = 0.

Graph of 2x + y − 8 = 0
2x + y − 8 = 0
⇒ y = (8 − 2x) ..........ii
Putting x = 1, we get y = 6.
Putting x = 3, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 4.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x + y − 8 = 0.
x 1 3 2
y 6 2 4
Now, plot the points P1, 6 and Q2, 4. The point B3, 2 has already been plotted. Join PQ and QB and extend it on both ways.
Thus, PB is the graph of 2x + y − 8 = 0.

The two graph lines intersect at B3, 2.

∴ x = 3 and y = 2
Question:5
Solve the following system of equations graphically:

3x + 2y = 125x -2y = 4
Solution:
The given equations are:
3x + 2y = 12 . . . . . (i)5x -2y = 4 . . . . . (ii)
From (i), write y in terms of x
12-3x
y= 2 . . . . . (iii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (iii) to get different values of y
12-3x 12-0
For x = 0, y = 2 = 2 =6
12-3x 12-6
For x = 2, y = 2 = 2 =3
12-3x 12-12
For x = 4, y = 2= =0 2

Thus, the table for the first equation (3x + 2y = 12) is

x 0 2 4
y 6 3 0

Now, plot the points A(0, 6), B(2, 3) and C(4, 0) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 3x + 2y = 12.
From (ii), write y in terms of x
5x -4
y= 2 . . . . . (iv)
Now, substitute different values of x in (iv) to get different values of y
5x -4 0-4
For x = 0, y = 2 = 2 = -2
5x -4 10-4
For x = 2, y = 2 = 2 =3
5x -4 20-4
For x = 4, y = 2
= =8 2

Thus, the table for the first equation (5x − 2y = 4) is

x 0 2 4
y −2 3 8

Now, plot the points D(0, −2), E(2, 3) and F(4, 8) on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 5x − 2y = 4.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at (2, 3).
Hence, the solution of the given system of equations is (2, 3).

Question:6
3x + y + 1 = 0, 2x -3y + 8 = 0.
Solution:
n a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x - axis and y - axis respectively.
Graph of 3x + y + 1 = 0

3x + y + 1 = 0
⇒ y = (−3x − 1) ...........i
Putting x = 0, we get y = −1.
Putting x = −1, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 1, we get y = −4.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 3x + y + 1 = 0.
x 0 −1 1
y −1 2 −4

Now, plot the points A0, − 1, B−1, 2 and C1, − 4 on the graph paper.
Join AB and AC to get the graph line BC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, BC is the graph of 3x + y + 1 = 0.

Graph of 2x − 3y + 8 = 0
2x − 3y + 8 = 0
⇒ 3y = (2x + 8)
2x +8
∴y = 3
Putting x = −1, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 4.
Putting x = −4, we get y = 0.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x − 3y + 8 = 0.
x −1 2 −4
y 2 4 0
Now, plot the points P2, 4, Q−4, 0. The point B−1, 2 has already been plotted. Join PB and BQ and extend it on both ways.
Thus, PQ is the graph of 2x − 3y + 8 = 0.

The two graph lines intersect at B−1, 2.

∴ x = −1 and y = 2

Question:7
Solve the following system of equation graphically:
2x + 3y + 5 = 03x -2y -12 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x

( )
5+2x
y= - 3 . . . . . (i)

Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y

5-2 5+4 5+10
For x = -1, y = - 3 = -1For x = 2, y = - 3 = -3For x = 5, y = - 3 = -5
Thus, the table for the first equation ( 2x + 3y + 5 = 0 ) is

x −1 2 5
y −1 −3 −5

Now, plot the points A(−1,−1), B(2,−3) and C(5,−5) on a graph paper and join
them to get the graph of 2x + 3y + 5 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
3x -12
y= 2 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
0-12 6-12 12-12
For x = 0, y = 2 = -6For x = 2, y = 2 = -3For x = 4, y = 2 =0
So, the table for the second equation ( 3x − 2y − 12 = 0 ) is

x 0 2 4

y −6 −3 0

Now, plot the points D(0,−6), E(2,−3) and F(4,0) on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 3x − 2y − 12 = 0.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at (2,−3).
Hence, the solution of the given system of equation is (2,−3).

Question:8
Solve the following system of equation graphically:
2x -3y + 13 = 03x -2y + 12 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
2x +13
y= 3 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
-10+13 2+13 8+13
For x = -5, y = 3 = 1For x = 1, y = 3 = 5For x = 4, y = 3 =7
Thus, the table for the first equation ( 2x − 3y + 13 = 0 ) is

x −5 1 4
y 1 5 7

Now, plot the points A(−5,1), B(1,5) and C(4,7) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 2x − 3y + 13 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
3x +12
y= 2 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
-12+12 -6+12 0+12
For x = -4, y = 2 = 0For x = -2, y = 2 = 3For x = 0, y = 2 =6
So, the table for the second equation ( 3x − 2y + 12 = 0 ) is

x −4 −2 0
y 0 3 6

Now, plot the points D(−4,0), E(−2,3) and F(0,6) on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 3x − 2y + 12 = 0.
From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at (−2,3).
Hence, the solution of the given system of equation is (−2,3).

Question:9
2x + 3y = 4, 3x -y = -5.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 2x + 3y = 4

2x + 3y = 4
⇒ 3y = (4 − 2x)
4-2x
∴y = 3 ...i
Putting x = −1, we get y = 2
Putting x = 2, we get y = 0
Putting x = 5, we get y = −2
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x + 3y = 4.
x −1 2 5
y 2 0 −2

Now, plot the points A−1, 2, B2, 0 and C5, − 2 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AC is the graph of 2x + 3y = 4.

Graph of 3x − y = −5
3x − y = −5
⇒ y = (3x + 5) ...ii
Putting x = −1, we get y = 2
Putting x = 0, we get y = 5
Putting x = −2, we get y = −1
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 3x − y = − 5 = 0.
x −1 0 −2
y 2 5 −1
Now, plot the points P0, 5, Q−2, − 1. The point A−1, 2 has already been plotted. Join PA and QA and extend it on both ways.
Thus, PQ is the graph of 3x − y = −5.
The two graph lines intersect at A−1, 2.
∴ x = −1 and y = 2 are the solutions of the given system of equations.

Question:10
x + 2y + 2 = 0, 3x + 2y -2 = 0.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of x + 2y + 2 = 0

x + 2y + 2 = 0
⇒ 2y = (−2 − x)
-2-x
∴ y = 2 ...............i
Putting x = −2, we get y = 0.
Putting x = 0, we get y = −1.
Putting x = 2, we get y = −2.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation x + 2y + 2 = 0.
x −2 0 2
y 0 −1 −2

Now, plot the points A−2, 0 , B0, − 1 and C2, − 2 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AC is the graph of x + 2y + 2 = 0.

Graph of 3x + 2y − 2 = 0
3x + 2y − 2 = 0
⇒ 2y = (2 − 3x)
2-3x
∴ y = 2 ...............ii
Putting x = 0, we get y = 1.
Putting x = 2, we get y = −2.
Putting x = 4, we get y = −5.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 3x + 2y − 2 = 0.
x 0 2 4
y 1 −2 −5
Now, plot the points P0, 1 and Q4, − 5. The point C2, − 2 has already been plotted. Join PC and QC and extend it on both ways.
Thus, PQ is the graph of 3x + 2y − 2 = 0.

The two graph lines intersect at A2, − 2.

∴ x = 2 and y = −2

Question:11
Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices and area of the
triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis:
x -y + 3 = 02x + 3y -4 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
y = x +3 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
For x = -3, y = -3 + 3 = 0For x = -1, y = -1 + 3 = 2For x = 1, y = 1 + 3 = 4
Thus, the table for the first equation (x − y + 3 = 0) is
 x −3 −1 1
y 0 2 4

Now, plot the points A(−3,0), B(−1,2) and C(1,4) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of x − y + 3 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
4-2x
y= 3 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
4+8 4+2 4-4
For x = -4, y = 3 = 4For x = -1, y = 3 = 2For x = 2, y = 3 =0
So, the table for the second equation ( 2x + 3y − 4 = 0 ) is

x −4 −1 2
y 4 2 0

Now, plot the points D(−4,4), E(−1,2) and F(2,0) on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 2x − 3y − 4 = 0.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at (−1,2).
So, the solution of the given system of equation is (−1,2).
The vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the x-axis are (−3,0), (−1,2) and (2,0).
Now, draw a perpendicular from the intersection point E on the x-axis. So,
1 1
Area(Δ EAF) = 2 × AF × EM = 2 ×5×2 = 5 sq. units
Hence, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the x-axis are (−3,0), (−1,2)
and (2,0) and its area is 5 sq. units.

Question:12
Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices and area of the
​triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis:
2x -3y + 4 = 0 x + 2y -5 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
2x +4
y= 3 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
-4+4 2+4 8+4
For x = -2, y = 3 = 0For x = 1, y = 3 = 2For x = 4, y = 3 =4
Thus, the table for the first equation (2x − 3y + 4 = 0) is

x −2 1 4

y 0 2 4

Now, plot the points A(−2,0), B(1,2) and C(4,4) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 2x − 3y + 4 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
 5-x
y= 2 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
5+3 5-1 5-5
For x = -3, y = 2 = 4For x = 1, y = 2 = 2For x = 5, y = 2 =0
So, the table for the second equation ( x + 2y − 5 = 0 ) is

x −3 1 5

y 4 2 0

Now, plot the points D(−3,4), B(1,2) and F(5,0) on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of x + 2y − 5 = 0.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at (1,2).
So, the solution of the given system of equations is (1,2).
From the graph, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the x-axis are
(−2,0), (1,2) and (5,0).
Now, draw a perpendicular from the intersection point B on the x-axis. So,
1 1
Area(Δ BAF) = 2 × AF × BM = 2 ×7×2 = 7 sq. units
Hence, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the x-axis are (−2,0), (1,2) and (5,0)
and the area of the triangle is 7 sq. units.

Question:13
Solve the following system of linear equations graphically:
4x -3y + 4 = 0, 4x + 3y -20 = 0.
Find the area of the region bounded by these lines and the x-axis.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 4x − 3y + 4 = 0
4x − 3y + 4 = 0
⇒ 3y = (4x + 4)
4x +4
∴ y = 3 ............i
Putting x = −1, we get y = 0.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 4.
Putting x = 5, we get y = 8.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 4x − 3y + 4 = 0
x −1 2 5
y 0 4 8

Now, plot the points A−1, 0, B2, 4 and C5, 8 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AC is the graph of 4x − 3y + 4 = 0.

Graph of 4x + 3y − 20 = 0
4x + 3y − 20 = 0
⇒ 3y = (−4x + 20)
-4x +20
∴y = 3 ............ii
Putting x = 2, we get y = 4.
Putting x = −1, we get y = 8.
Putting x = 5, we get y = 0.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 4x + 3y − 20 = 0.
x 2 −1 5
y 4 8 0
Now, plot the points P1, − 8 and Q5, 0. The point B2, 4 has already been plotted. Join PB and QB to get the graph line PQ. Extend it on both ways.
Then, line PQ is the graph of the equation 4x + 3y − 20 = 0.

The two graph lines intersect at B2, 4.

∴ The solution of the given system of equations is x = 2 and y = 4.
Clearly, the vertices of ΔABQ formed by these two lines and x-axis are Q5, 0, B2, 4 and A−1, 0.
Now, consider ΔABQ.
Here, height = 4 units and base (AQ) = 6 units
1
∴ Area of ΔABQ = 2 × base × height sq. units

( )
1
= 2 ×6×4 = 12 sq. units.

Question:14
Solve the following system of linear equations graphically:
x -y + 1 = 0, 3x + 2y -12 = 0.
Calculate the area bounded by these lines and the x-axis.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of x − y + 1 = 0
x−y+1=0
⇒ y = (x + 1) .........i
Putting x = −1, we get y = 0.
Putting x = 1, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 3.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation x − y + 1 = 0.
x −1 1 2
y 0 2 3

Now, plot the points A−1, 0, B1, 2 and C2, 3 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AC is the graph of x − y + 1 = 0.

Graph of 3x + 2y − 12 = 0
3x + 2y − 12 = 0
⇒ 2y = (−3x + 12)
-3x +12
∴y = 2 ............ii
Putting x = 0, we get y = 6.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 3.
Putting x = 4, we get y = 0.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 3x + 2y − 12 = 0.
x 0 2 4
y 6 3 0
Now, plot the points P0, 6 and Q4, 0. The point C2, 3 has already been plotted. Join PC and CQ to get the graph line PQ. Extend it on both ways.
Then, PQ is the graph of the equation 3x + 2y − 12 = 0.
The two graph lines intersect at C2, 3.
∴ The solution of the given system of equations is x = 2 and y = 3.
Clearly, the vertices of ΔACQ formed by these two lines and the x-axis are Q4, 0, C2, 3 and A−1, 0.
Now, consider ΔACQ.
Here, height = 3 units and base AQ = 5 units
1
Area of ΔACQ = 2 × base × height sq. units

( )
1
= 2 ×5×3 = 7. 5 sq. units.

Question:15
Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices and area of the
​triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis:
x -2y + 2 = 02x + y -6 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
x +2
y= 2 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
-2+2 2+2 4+2
For x = -2, y = 2 = 0For x = 2, y = 2 = 2For x = 4, y = 2 =3
Thus, the table for the first equation (x − 2y + 2 = 0) is

x −2 2 4
y 0 2 3

Now, plot the points A(−2,0), B(2,2) and C(4,3) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of x − 2y + 2 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
y = 6 -2x . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
For x = 1, y = 6 -2 = 4For x = 3, y = 0For x = 4, y = 6 -8 = -2
So, the table for the second equation (2x + y − 6 = 0 ) is

x 1 3 4
y 4 0 −2

Now, plot the points D(1,4), E(3,0) and F(4,−2) on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 2x + y − 6 = 0.
From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at 2, 2.
So, the solution of the given system of equations is (2,2).
From the graph, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the x-axis are
(−2,0), (2,2) and (3,0).
Now, draw a perpendicular from the intersection point B on the x-axis. So,
1 1
Area(Δ BAE) = 2 × AE × BM = 2 ×5×2 = 5 sq. units
Hence, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the x-axis are
(−2,0), (2,2) and (3,0) and the area of the triangle is 5 sq. units.

Question:16
Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices and area of the
​triangle formed by these lines and the y-axis:
2x -3y + 6 = 02x + 3y -18 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
2x +6
y= 3 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
-6+6 0+6 6+6
For x = -3, y = 3 = 0For x = 0, y = 3 = 2For x = 3, y = 3 =4
Thus, the table for the first equation (2x − 3y + 6 = 0) is

x −3 0 3
y 0 2 4

Now, plot the points A(−3,0), B(0,2) and C(3,4) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 2x − 3y + 6 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
18-2x
y= 3 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
18-0 18-6 18-18
For x = 0, y = 3 = 6For x = 3, y = 3 = 4For x = 9, y = 3 =0
So, the table for the second equation (2x + 3y − 18 = 0 ) is

x 0 3 9
y 6 4 0

Now, plot the points D(0,6), E(3,4) and F(9,0) on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 2x + 3y − 18 = 0.
From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at 3, 4.
So, the solution of the given system of equations is 3, 4.
From the graph, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the y-axis are
(0,2), (0,6) and (3,4).
Now, draw a perpendicular from the intersection point E (or C) on the y-axis. So,
1 1
Area(Δ EDB) = 2 × BD × EM = 2 ×4×3 = 6 sq. units
Hence, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the y-axis are
(0,2), (0,6) and (3,4) and its area is 6 sq. units.

Question:17

Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices and
area of the triangle formed by these lines and the y-axis.
4x -y -4 = 03x + 2y -14 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
y = 4x -4 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
For x = 0, y = 0 -4 = -4For x = 1, y = 4 -4 = 0For x = 2, y = 8 -4 = 4
Thus, the table for the first equation (4x − y − 4 = 0) is

x 0 1 2

y −4 0 4

Now, plot the points A(0,−4), B(1,0) and C(2,4) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 4x − y − 4 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
14-3x
y= 2 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
14-0 14-12 14 14-14
For x = 0, y = 2 = 7For x = 4, y = 2 = 1For x = 3 , y = 2 =0
So, the table for the second equation (3x + 2y − 14 = 0 ) is

14
x 0 4 3

y 7 1 0

( )
14
Now, plot the points D(0,7), E(4,1) and F 3,0 on the same graph paper and join

D, E and F to get the graph of 3x + 2y − 14 = 0.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at , 4.
So, the solution of the given system of equations is 2, 4.
From the graph, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the y-axis are
0, 7, (0, −4) and 2, 4.
Now, draw a perpendicular from the intersection point C on the y-axis. So,
1 1
Area(Δ DAC) = 2 × DA × CM = 2 × 11 × 2 = 11 sq. units
Hence, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the y-axis are
0, 7, (0, −4) and 2, 4 and its area is 11 sq. units.

Question:18
Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices
and area of the triangle formed by these lines and the y-axis:
x -y -5 = 03x + 5y -15 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
y = x -5 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
For x = 0, y = 0 -5 = -5For x = 2, y = 2 -5 = -3For x = 5, y = 5 -5 = 0
Thus, the table for the first equation (x − y − 5 = 0) is

x 0 2 5

y −5 −3 0

Now, plot the points A(0,−5), B(2,−3) and C(5,0) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of x − y − 5 = 0.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
15-3x
y= 5 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
15+15 15-0 15-15
For x = -5, y = 5 = 6For x = 0, y = 5 = 3For x = 5, y = 5 =0
So, the table for the second equation (3x + 5y − 15 = 0 ) is

x −5 0 5
y 6 3 0

Now, plot the points D(−5,6), E(0,3) and F5, 0 on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 3x + 5y − 15 = 0.
From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at 5, 0.
So, the solution of the given system of equations is 5, 0.
From the graph, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the y-axis are
0, 3, (0, −5) and 5, 0.
Now,
1 1
Area(Δ CEA) = 2 × EA × OC = 2 ×8×5 = 20 sq. units
Hence, the vertices of the triangle formed by the given lines and the y-axis are
0, 3, (0, −5) and 5, 0 and its area is 20 sq. units.

Question:19
Solv e the following s y s tem of equations graphic ally and find the v ertic es and area of the triangle formed by thes e lines and the y -ax is .
2x -5y + 4 = 0 2x + y -8 = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
2x +4
y= 5 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
-4+4 0+4 4 6+4
For x = -2, y = 5 = 0For x = 0, y = 5 = 5 For x = 3, y = 5 =2
Thus, the table for the first equation (2x − 5y + 4 = 0) is

x −2 0 3
4
y 0 5 2

( )
4
Now, plot the points A(−2,0), B 0, 5 and C(3,2) on a graph paper and join

A, B and C to get the graph of 2x − 5y + 4 = 0.

From the second equation, write y in terms of x
y = 8 -2x . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
For x = 0, y = 8 -0 = 8For x = 2, y = 8 -4 = 4For x = 4, y = 8 -8 = 0
So, the table for the second equation (2x + y − 8 = 0 ) is

x 0 2 4

y 8 4 0

Now, plot the points D(0,8), E(2,4) and F4, 0 on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 2x + y − 8 = 0.
From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at 3, 2.
So, the solution of the given system of equations is 3, 2.

( )
4
The vertices of the triangle formed by the system of equations and y-axis are 0, 8, 0, 5 and 3, 2.

Draw a perpendicular from point C to the y-axis. So,

( )
1 1 4 54
Area(Δ DBC) = 2 × DB × CM = 2 × 8 -5 × 3 = 5 sq. units

( )
4 54
Hence, the veritices of the triangle are 0, 8, 0, 5 and 3, 2 and its area is 5 sq. units.

Question:20
Solve graphically the system of equations:
5x -y = 7, x -y + 1 = 0.
Calculate the area bounded by these lines and the y-axis.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 5x − y = 7
5x − y = 7
⇒ y = (5x − 7) .........i
Putting x = 0, we get y = −7.
Putting x = 1, we get y = −2.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 3.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 5x − y = 7.
x 0 1 2
y −7 −2 3

Now, plot the points A0, − 7 , B1, − 2 and C2, 3 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AC is the graph of 5x − y = 7.

Graph of x − y + 1 = 0
x−y+1=0
⇒ y = (x + 1) ...........ii
Putting x = 0, we get y = 1.
Putting x = 1, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 3.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation x − y + 1 = 0.
x 0 1 2
y 1 2 3
Now, plot the points P0, 1 and Q1, 2. The point C2, 3 has already been plotted. Join PQ and QC to get the graph line PC. Extend it on both ways.
Then, PC is the graph of the equation x − y + 1 = 0.
The two graph lines intersect at C2, 3.
∴ The solution of the given system of equations is x = 2 and y = 3.
Clearly, the vertices of ΔAPC formed by these two lines and the y-axis are P0, 1, C2, 3 and A0, − 7.
Now, consider ΔAPC.
Here, height = 2 units and base AP = 8 units
1
∴ Area of ΔAPC = 2 × base × height sq. units

( )
1
= 2 ×8×2 = 8 sq. units.

Question:21
Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices and area of the triangle formed by these lines and the y-axis.
2x -3y = 12x + 3y = 6
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
2x -12
y= 3 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
0-12 6-12 12-12
For x = 0, y = 3 = -4For x = 3, y = 3 = -2For x = 6, y = 3 =0
Thus, the table for the first equation (2x − 3y = 12) is

x 0 3 6

y −4 −2 0

Now, plot the points A(0,−4), B3, − 2 and C(6,0) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 2x − 3y = 12.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
6-x
y= 3 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
6-0 6-3 6-6
For x = 0, y = 3 = 2For x = 3, y = 3 = 1For x = 6, y = 3 =0
So, the table for the second equation (x + 3y = 6 ) is

x 0 3 6
y 2 1 0

Now, plot the points D(0,2), E(3,1) and F6, 0 on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of x + 3y = 6.
From the graph it is clear that, the given lines intersect at 6, 0.
So, the solution of the given system of equations is 6, 0.
The vertices of the triangle formed by the system of equations and y-axis are 0, 2, 6, 0 and (0,−4).
Now,
1 1
Area(Δ DAC) = 2 × DA × OC = 2 ×6×6 = 18 sq. units
Hence, the veritices of the triangle are 0, 2, 6, 0 and (0,−4) and its area is 18 sq. units.

Question:22
Show graphically that the following given systems of equations has infinitely many solutions:
2x + 3y = 64x + 6y = 12
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
6-2x
y= 3 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
6+6 6-6 6-12
For x = -3, y = 3 = 4For x = 3, y = 3 = 0For x = 6, y = 3 = -2
Thus, the table for the first equation (2x + 3y = 6) is

x −3 3 6
y 4 0 −2

Now, plot the points A(−3,4), B3, 0 and C(6,−2) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 2x + 3y = 6.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
12-4x
y= 6 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
12+24 12-0 12-36
For x = -6, y = 6 = 6For x = 0, y = 6 = 2For x = 9, y = 6 = -4
So, the table for the second equation (4x + 6y = 12 ) is

x −6 0 9
y 6 2 −4

Now, plot the points D(−6,6), E(0,2) and F9, − 4 on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 4x + 6y = 12.
From the graph it is clear that, the given lines coincide with each other.
Hence, the solution of the given system of equations has infinitely many solutions.

Question:23
Show graphically that the system of equations 3x -y = 5, 6x -2y = 10 has infinitely many solutions.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 3x − y = 5
3x − y = 5
⇒ y = (3x − 5) .........i
Putting x = 1, we get y = −2.
Putting x = 0, we get y = −5.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 1.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 3x − y = 5.
x 1 0 2
y −2 −5 1

Now, plot the points A1, − 2, B0, − 5 and C2, 1 on the graph paper.
Join AB and AC to get the graph line BC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, BC is the graph of 3x − y = 5.

Graph of 6x − 2y = 10
6x − 2y = 10
⇒ 2y = (6x − 10)
6x -10
∴y = 2 ...........ii
Putting x = 0, we get y = −5.
Putting x = 1, we get y = −2.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 1.

Thus, we have the following table for the equation 6x − 2y = 10.

x 0 1 2
y −5 −2 1
These are the same points as obtained for the graph line of equation i.
It is clear from the graph that these two lines coincide.
Hence, the given system of equations has infinitely many solutions.

Question:24
Show graphically that the system of equations 2x + y = 6, 6x + 3y = 18 has infinitely many solutions.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 2x + y = 6
2x + y = 6 ⇒ y = (6 − 2x) ...i
Putting x = 3, we get y = 0.
Putting x = 1, we get y = 4.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 2.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x + y = 6.
x 3 1 2
y 0 4 2

Now, plot the points A3, 0, B1, 4 and C2, 2 on the graph paper.
Join AC and CB to get the graph line AB. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AB is the graph of 2x + y = 6.

Graph of 6x + 3y = 18
6x + 3y = 18 ⇒ 3y = (18 − 6x)
18-6x
∴y = 3 ...........ii
Putting x = 3, we get y = 0.
Putting x = 1, we get y = 4.
Putting x = 2, we get y = 2.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 6x + 3y = 18.
x 3 1 2
y 0 4 2
These are the same points as obtained for the graph line of equation i.

It is clear from the graph that these two lines coincide.

Hence, the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions.

Question:25
Show graphic ally that the following giv en s y s tems of equations has infinitely many s olutions :
x -2y = 53x -6y = 15
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
 x -5
y= 2 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
-5-5 1-5 3-5
For x = -5, y = 2 = -5For x = 1, y = 2 = -2For x = 3, y = 2 = -1
Thus, the table for the first equation (x − 2y = 5) is

x −5 1 3
y −5 −2 −1

Now, plot the points A(−5,−5), B1, − 2 and C(3,−1) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of x − 2y = 5.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
3x -15
y= 6 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
-9-15 -3-15 15-15
For x = -3, y = 6 = -4For x = -1, y = 6 = -3For x = 5, y = 6 =0
So, the table for the second equation (3x − 6y = 15 ) is

x −3 −1 5
y −4 −3 0

Now, plot the points D(−3,−4), E(−1,−3) and F5, 0 on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 3x − 6y = 15.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines coincide with each other.
Hence, the solution of the given system of equations has infinitely many solutions.

Question:26
Show graphic ally that the following giv en s y s tems of equations is inc ons is tent i.e. has no s olution:
x -2y = 63x -6y = 0
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
x -6
y= 2 . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
-2-6 0-6 2-6
For x = -2, y = 2 = -4For x = 0, y = 2 = -3For x = 2, y = 2 = -2
Thus, the table for the first equation (x − 2y = 6) is

x −2 0 2
y −4 −3 −2

Now, plot the points A(−2,−4), B0, − 3 and C(2,−2) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of x − 2y = 6.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
 1
y = 2x . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
-4 0 4
For x = -4, y = 2 = -2For x = 0, y = 2 = 0For x = 4, y = 2 = 2
So, the table for the second equation (3x − 6y = 0 ) is

x −4 0 4
y −2 0 2

Now, plot the points D(−4,−2), O(0,0) and E4, 2 on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 3x − 6y = 0.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines do not intersect at all when produced.
Hence, the system of equations has no solution and therefore is inconsistent.

Question:27
Show graphically that the system of equations 2x + 3y = 4, 4x + 6y = 12 is inconsistent.
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Graph of 2x + 3y = 4
2x + 3y = 4
⇒ 3y = (−2x + 4)
-2x +4
∴y = 3 .........i
Putting x = 2, we get y = 0.
Putting x = −1, we get y = 2.
Putting x = −4, we get y = 4.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x + 3y = 4.
x 2 −1 −4
y 0 2 4

Now, plot the points A2, 0, B−1, 2 and C−4, 4 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both ways.
Thus, AC is the graph of 2x + 3y = 4.

Graph of 4x + 6y = 12
4x + 6y = 12
⇒ 6y = (−4x + 12)
-4x +12
∴y = 6 ...........ii
Putting x = 3, we get y = 0.
Putting x = 0, we get y = 2.
Putting x = 6, we get y = −2.
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 4x + 6y = 12.
x 3 0 6
y 0 2 −2

Now, on the same graph, plot the points P3, 0, Q0, 2 and R 6, − 2.
Join PQ and PR to get the graph line QR. Extend it on both ways.
Then, QR is the graph of the equation 4x + 6y = 12.

It is clear from the graph that these two lines are parallel and do not intersect when produced.
Hence, the given system of equations is inconsistent.

Question:28
Show graphic ally that the following giv en s y s tems of equations is inc ons is tent i.e. has no s olution:
2x + y = 66x + 3y = 20
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
y = 6 -2x . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
For x = 0, y = 6 -0 = 6For x = 2, y = 6 -4 = 2For x = 4, y = 6 -8 = -2
Thus, the table for the first equation (2x + y = 6) is

x 0 2 4
y 6 2 −2

Now, plot the points A(0,6), B2, 2 and C(4,−2) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 2x + y = 6.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
20-6x
y= 3 . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
20-0 20 10 20-20 20-30 10
For x = 0, y = 3 = 3 For x = 3 , y = 3 = 0For x = 5, y = 3 = - 3

So, the table for the second equation (6x + 3y = 20 ) is

10
x 0 3 5

20 10
y 3 0
-3

( ) ( ) ( )
20 10 10
Now, plot the points D 0, 3 ,E 3,0 and F 5, - 3 on the same graph paper and join

D, E and F to get the graph of 6x + 3y = 20.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines do not intersect at all when produced.
Hence, the system of equations has no solution and therefore is inconsistent.

Question:29
Draw the graphs of the following equations on the same graph paper:
2x + y = 22x + y = 6
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the trapezium formed by these lines. Also, find the area of the trapezium so formed.
Solution:
From the first equation, write y in terms of x
y = 2 -2x . . . . . (i)
Substitute different values of x in (i) to get different values of y
For x = 0, y = 2 -0 = 2For x = 1, y = 2 -2 = 0For x = 2, y = 2 -4 = -2
Thus, the table for the first equation (2x + y = 2) is

x 0 1 2
y 2 0 −2

Now, plot the points A(0,2), B1, 0 and C(2,−2) on a graph paper and join
A, B and C to get the graph of 2x + y = 2.
From the second equation, write y in terms of x
y = 6 -2x . . . . . (ii)
Now, substitute different values of x in (ii) to get different values of y
For x = 0, y = 6 -0 = 6For x = 1, y = 6 -2 = 4For x = 3, y = 6 -6 = 0
So, the table for the second equation (2x + y = 6 ) is

x 0 1 3
y 6 4 0

Now, plot the points D0, 6, E1, 4 and F3, 0on the same graph paper and join
D, E and F to get the graph of 2x + y = 6.

From the graph it is clear that, the given lines do not intersect at all when produced. So, these lines are
parallel to each other and therefore, the quadrilateral DABF is a trapezium. The vertices of the
required trapezium are D0, 6, A0, 2, B1, 0 and F3, 0.
Now,
1 1
Area(Trapezium DABF) = Area(Δ DOF)-Area(Δ AOB) = 2 × 3 × 6 -2 × 1 × 2 = 9 -1 = 8 sq. units
Hence, the area of the rquired trapezium is 8 sq. units.

Question:30
x + y = 3, 4x -3y = 26.
Solution:
The given system of equation is:
x + y = 3 .........i
4x − 3y = 26 ........ii

On multiplying i by 3, we get:
3x + 3y = 9 .......iii

On adding ii and iii, we get:

7x = 35
⇒x=5

On substituting the value of x = 5 in i, we get:

5+y=3
⇒ y = 3 − 5 = −2

Hence, the solution is x = 5 and y = −2

Question:31
Solve for x and y:
x y
x -y = 33 + 2 = 6
Solution:
The given system of equations is
x y
x -y = 3 . . . . . (i)3 + 2 = 6 . . . . . (ii)
From (i), write y in terms of x to get
y = x -3
Substituting y = x − 3 in (ii), we get
x x -3 45
3+ 2 = 6 ⇒ 2x + 3(x -3) = 36 ⇒ 2x + 3x -9 = 36 ⇒ x = 5 =9
Now, substituting x = 9 in (i), we have
9 -y = 3 ⇒ y = 9 -3 = 6
Hence, x = 9 and y = 6.

Question:32
2x + 3y = 0, 3x + 4y = 5.
Solution:
The given system of equation is:
2x + 3y = 0 .........i
3x + 4y = 5 ........ii

On multiplying i by 4 and ii by 3, we get:

8x + 12y = 0 .......iii
9x + 12y = 15 ......iv

On subtracting iii from iv we get:

x = 15

On substituting the value of x = 15 in i, we get:

30 + 3y = 0
⇒ 3y = −30
⇒ y = −10

Hence, the solution is x = 15 and y = −10.

Question:33
2x -3y = 13, 7x -2y = 20.
Solution:
The given system of equation is:
2x − 3y = 13 .........i
7x − 2y = 20 ........ii

On multiplying i by 2 and ii by 3, we get:

4x − 6y = 26 .......iii
21x − 6y = 60 ......iv

On subtracting iii from iv we get:

17x = 60 − 26 = 34
⇒x=2

On substituting the value of x = 2 in i, we get:

4 − 3y = 13
⇒ 3y = 4 − 13 = −9
⇒ y = −3

Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = −3

Question:34
3x -5y -19 = 0, -7x + 3y + 1 = 0.
Solution:
The given system of equation is:
3x − 5y − 19 = 0 .........i
−7x + 3y + 1 = 0 ........ii

On multiplying i by 3 and ii by 5, we get:

9x − 15y = 57 or .........iii
−35x + 15y = −5 ........iv

On adding iii from iv we get:

−26x = 57 − 5) = 52
⇒ x = −2

On substituting the value of x = −2 in i, we get:

−6 − 5y − 19 = 0
⇒ 5y = −6 − 19 = −25
⇒ y = −5

Hence, the solution is x = −2 and y = −5.

Question:35
Solve for x and y:
2x -y + 3 = 03x -7y + 10 = 0
Solution:
The given system of equations is
2x -y + 3 = 0 . . . . . (i)3x -7y + 10 = 0 . . . . . (ii)
From (i), write y in terms of x to get
y = 2x + 3
Substituting y = 2x + 3 in (ii), we get
11
3x -7(2x + 3)+ 10 = 0 ⇒ 3x -14x -21 + 10 = 0 ⇒ -7x = 21 -10 = 11 ⇒ x = - 7
11
Now, substituting x = - 7 in (i), we have
22 22 1
- 7 -y +3 = 0 ⇒ y = 3- 7 = -7
11 1
Hence, x = - 7 and y = - 7 .

Question:36
Solve for x and y:
x y x y
2 -9 =6 7 +3 =5

Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as
9x -2y = 108 . . . . . (i)3x + 7y = 105 . . . . . (ii)
Multiplying (i) by 7 and (ii) by 2, we get
966
63x + 6x = 108 × 7 + 105 × 2 ⇒ 69x = 966 ⇒ x = 69 = 14
Now, substituting x = 14 in 1, we have
18
9 × 14 -2y = 108 ⇒ 2y = 126 -108 ⇒ y = 2 =9
Hence, x = 14 and y = 9.

Question:37
x y 5x y
3 +4= 11, 6 - 3 = -7.
Solution:
The given equations are:
x y
3 +4= 11
⇒ 4x + 3y = 132 ........i

5x y
and 6 - 3 = -7
⇒ 5x − 2y = −42..........ii

On multiplying i by 2 and ii by 3, we get:

8x + 6y = 264 ........iii
15x − 6y = −126 ...........iv

On adding iii and iv, we get:

23x = 138
⇒x=6

On substituting x = 6 in i, we get:
24 + 3y = 132
⇒ 3y = 132 − 24 = 108
⇒ y = 36

Hence, the solution is x = 6 and y = 36.

Question:38
29
4x -3y = 8, 6x -y = 3 .
Solution:
The given system of equation is:
4x − 3y = 8 .........i
29
6x -y = 3 ........ii
On multiplying ii by 3, we get:
18x − 3y = 29.........iii

On subtracting iii from i we get:

−14x = −21
21 3
⇒x= 14 =2
3
On substituting the value of x = 2 in i, we get:
3 -2
4 × 2 -3y = 8 ⇒ 6 -3y = 8 ⇒ 3y = 6 -8 = -2 ⇒ y = 3
3 -2
Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = 3 .

Question:39
3y
2x - 4 = 3, 5x = 2y + 7.
Solution:
The given equations are:
3y
2x - 4 = 3 ........i
5x = 2y + 7 ............ii

3
On multiplying i by 2 and ii by 4 , we get:
3
4x - 2 y = 6 .......iii
15 3 21
4x = 2y + 4 .......iv

On subtracting iii from iv, we get:

1 3
-4 x = - 4 ⇒ x = 3

On substituting x = 3 in i, we get:

( )
3y 3y 3×4
2×3- 4 =3⇒ 4 = 6 -3 =3⇒y= 3 =4

Hence, the solution is x = 3 and y = 4.

Question:40
8 5
2x + 5y = 3 , 3x -2y = 6 .
Solution:
The given equations are:
8
2x + 5y = 3 ........i
5
3x -2y = 6 ..........ii

On multiplying i by 2 and ii by 5, we get:

16
4x + 10y = 3 ........iii
25
15x -10y = 6 ...........iv

On adding iii and iv, we get:

57 57 3 1
19x = 6 ⇒ x = 6×19 = 6 = 2

1
On substituting x =2 in i, we get:
1 8
2 × 2 + 5y = 3

( )
 ( )
8 5 5 1
⇒ 5y = 3 -1 = 3 ⇒ y = 3×5 = 3

1 1
Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = 3 .

Question:41
7-4x
3 = y, 2x + 3y + 1 = 0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
7-4x
3=y
⇒ 4x + 3y = 7 .......i

and 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
⇒ 2x + 3y = −1 .............ii

On subtracting ii from i, we get:

2x = 8
⇒x=4

On substituting x = 4 in i, we get:
16 + 3y = 7
⇒ 3y = 7 − 16 = −9
⇒ y = −3

Hence, the solution is x = 4 and y = −3.

Question:42
Solve for x and y:
0. 4x + 0. 3y = 1. 70. 7x -0. 2y = 0. 8
Solution:
The given system of equations is
0. 4x + 0. 3y = 1. 7 . . . . . (i)0. 7x -0. 2y = 0. 8 . . . . . (ii)
Multiplying (i) by 0.2 and (ii) by 0.3 and adding them, we get
5.8
0. 8x + 2. 1x = 3. 4 + 2. 4 ⇒ 2. 9x = 5. 8 ⇒ x = 2.9 = 2
Now, substituting x = 2 in (i), we have
0.9
0. 4 × 2 + 0. 3y = 1. 7 ⇒ 0. 3y = 1. 7 -0. 8 ⇒ y = 0.3 = 3
Hence, x = 2 and y = 3.

Question:43
Solve for x and y:
0. 3x + 0. 5y = 0. 50. 5x + 0. 7y = 0. 74
Solution:
The given system of equations is
0. 3x + 0. 5y = 0. 5 . . . . . (i)0. 5x + 0. 7y = 0. 74 . . . . . (ii)
Multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 3 and subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
0.28
2. 5y -2. 1y = 2. 5 -2. 22 ⇒ 0. 4y = 0. 28 ⇒ y = 0.4 = 0. 7
Now, substituting y = 0.7 in (i), we have
0.15
0. 3x + 0. 5 × 0. 7 = 0. 5 ⇒ 0. 3x = 0. 50 -0. 35 = 0. 15 ⇒ x = 0.3 = 0. 5
Hence, x = 0.5 and y = 0.7.

Question:44
7(y + 3)-2(x + 2) = 14, 4(y -2)+ 3(x -3) = 2.
Solution:
The given equations are:
7(y + 3) − 2(x + 2) = 14
⇒ 7y + 21 − 2x − 4 = 14
⇒ −2x + 7y = −3 ..........i

and 4(y − 2) + 3(x − 3) = 2

⇒ 4y − 8 + 3x − 9 = 2
⇒ 3x + 4y = 19 .........ii

On multiplying i by 4 and ii by 7, we get:

−8x + 28y = −12 ........iii
21x + 28y = 133 ...........iv

On subtracting iii from iv, we get:

29x = 145
⇒x=5

On substituting x = 5 in i, we get:
−10 + 7y = −3
⇒ 7y = −3 + 10 = 7
⇒y=1

Hence, the solution is x = 5 and y = 1.

Question:45
6x + 5y = 7x + 3y + 1 = 2(x + 6y -1)
Solution:
The given equations are:
6x + 5y = 7x + 3y + 1 = 2(x + 6y − 1)
⇒ 6x + 5y = 2(x + 6y − 1)
⇒ 6x + 5y = 2x + 12y − 2
⇒ 6x − 2x + 5y − 12y = − 2
⇒ 4x − 7y = −2 ..........i

and 7x + 3y + 1 = 2(x + 6y − 1)
⇒ 7x + 3y + 1 = 2x + 12y − 2
⇒ 7x − 2x + 3y − 12y = −2 − 1
⇒ 5x − 9y = −3 .........ii

On multiplying i by 9 and ii by 7, we get:

36x − 63y = −18 ..........iii
35x − 63y = −21.........iv

On subtracting iv from iii, we get:

x = −18 + 21 = 3

On substituting x = 3 in i, we get:
12 − 7y = −2
⇒ 7y = 2 + 12 = 14
⇒y=2

Hence, the solution is x = 3 and y = 2.

Question:46
x +y -8 x +2y -14 3x +y -12
2 = 3 = 11
Solution:
The given equations are:
x +y -8 x +2y -14 3x +y -12
2 = 3 = 11
x +y -8 3x +y -12
i.e., 2 = 11
By cross multiplication, we get:
11x + 11y − 88 = 6x + 2y − 24
⇒ 11x − 6x + 11y − 2y = −24 + 88
⇒ 5x + 9y = 64 .........i

x +2y -14 3x +y -12

and 3 = 11
⇒ 11x + 22y − 154 = 9x + 3y − 36
⇒ 11x − 9x + 22y − 3y = −36 + 154
⇒ 2x + 19y = 118 .........ii

On multiplying i by 19 and ii by 9, we get:

95x + 171y = 1216..........iii
18x + 171y = 1062.........iv

On subtracting iv from iii, we get:

77x = 154
⇒x=2

On substituting x = 2 in i, we get:
10 + 9y = 64
⇒ 9y = 64 − 10 = 54
⇒y=6

Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = 6.

Question:47
5 3
x + 6y= 13, x + 4y = 7, x ≠ 0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
5
x + 6y = 13 ............i
3
x + 4y = 7 .............ii

1
Putting x = u, we get:
5u + 6y = 13 .............iii
3u + 4y = 7 ...........iv

On multiplying iii by 4 and iv by 6, we get:

20u + 24y = 52 ...........v
18u + 24y = 42 ............vi

On subtracting vi from v, we get:

2u = 10 ⇒ u = 5
1 1
⇒ x =5⇒x=5
1
On substituting x = 5 in i, we get:
5
1
5
+ 6y = 13
⇒ 25 + 6y = 13
⇒ 6y = 13 − 25 = −12
⇒ y = −2

1
Hence, the required solution is x = 5 and y = −2.

Question:48
6 8
x + y = 6, 3x - y = 5, y ≠ 0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
6
x + y = 6 ............i
8
3x - y = 5 .............ii
1
Putting y = v, we get:
x + 6v = 6 .............iii
3x − 8v = 5 ...........iv

On multiplying iii by 4 and iv by 3, we get:

4x + 24v = 24 ...........v
9x − 24v = 15 ............vi

On adding v and vi, we get:

13x = 39 ⇒ x = 3

On substituting x = 3 in i, we get:
6
3+y = 6
6
⇒ y = (6 -3) = 3 ⇒ 3y = 6 ⇒ y = 2
Hence, the required solution is x = 3 and y = 2.

Question:49
3 7
2x - y = 9, 3x + y = 2, y ≠ 0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
3
2x - y = 9 ............i
7
3x + y = 2 .............ii
1
Putting y = v, we get:
2x − 3v = 9 .............iii
3x + 7v = 2 ...........iv

On multiplying iii by 7 and iv by 3, we get:

14x − 21v = 63 .............v
9x + 21v = 6............vi
On adding v and vi, we get:
23x = 69 ⇒ x = 3

On substituting x = 3 in i, we get:
3
2 × 3 -y = 9
3 3
⇒ 6 - y = 9 ⇒ y = -3 ⇒ y = -1
Hence, the required solution is x = 3 and y = −1.

Question:50
3 1 2 3
x -y + 9
= 0, x + y = 5(x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0. )
Solution:
The given equations are:
3 1
x -y + 9 =0
3 1
⇒ x -y = -9 ............i
2 3
x +y = 5 .............ii
1 1
Putting x = u and y = v, we get:
3u − v = −9 .............iii
2u + 3v = 5 ...........iv

On multiplying iii by 3, we get:

9u − 3v = −27 .............v

On adding iv and v, we get:

11u = −22 ⇒ u = −2
1 -1
⇒ x = -2 ⇒ x = 2

-1
On substituting x = 2 in i, we get:
3
1 1
-2 - y = -9
1 1
⇒ -6 - y = -9 ⇒ y = (-6 + 9) = 3
1
⇒y= 3
-1 1
Hence, the required solution is x = 2 and y = 3 .

Question:51
9 4 13 7
x -y
= 8, x + y = 101(x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0).
Solution:
The given equations are:
9 4
x -y = 8 ............i
13 7
x +y = 101 .............ii

1 1
Putting x = u and y = v, we get:
9u − 4v = 8 .............iii
13u + 7v = 101 ...........iv

On multiplying iii by 7 and iv by 4, we get:

63u − 28v = 56 .............v
52u + 28v = 404............vi

On adding v and vi, we get:

115u = 460 ⇒ u = 4
1 1
⇒ x =4⇒x=4
1
On substituting x = 4 in i, we get:
9
1 4
4
-y = 8
4 4
⇒ 36 - y = 8 ⇒ y = (36 -8) = 28
4 1
⇒y= 28 = 7
1 1
Hence, the required solution is x = 4 and y = 7 .
Question:52
5 3 3 2
x -y
= 1, 2x + 3y = 5 (x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0. )
Solution:
The given equations are:
5 3
x -y = 1 ............i
3 2
2x + 3y = 5 .............ii

1 1
Putting x = u and y = v, we get:
5u − 3v = 1 .............iii
3 2
⇒ 2u + 3v = 5
9u+4v
⇒ 6 =5
⇒ 9u + 4v = 30 ...............iv

On multiplying iii by 4 and iv by 3, we get:

20u − 12v = 4 .............v
27u + 12v = 90 ...........vi

On adding iv and v, we get:

47u = 94 ⇒ u = 2
1 1
⇒ x =2⇒x=2

1
On substituting x = 2 in i, we get:
5
1 3
2
-y = 1
3 3
⇒ 10 - y = 1 ⇒ y = (10 -1) = 9
⇒y=39=13
Hence, the required solution is x=12 and y=13.

Question:53
Solve for x and y:
12x+13y=213x+12y=136
Solution:
Multiplying equation (i) and (ii) by 6, we get
3x+2y=12 .....i2x+3y=13 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2 and subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
9x-4x=36-26⇒5x=10⇒x=510=12
Now, substituting x=12 in (i), we have
6+2y=12⇒2y=6⇒y=13
Hence, x=12 and y=13.

Question:54
4x+6y=3xy,8x+9y=5xy x≠0, y≠0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
4x + 6y = 3xy .......i
8x + 9y = 5xy .........ii

From equation i, we have:

4x+6yxy=3
⇒4y+6x=3 .............iii

For equation ii, we have:

8x+9yxy=5
⇒8y+9x=5 .............iv
On substituting 1y=v and 1x=u, we get:
4v + 6u = 3 ...........v
8v + 9u = 5 ...........vi

On multiplying v by 9 and vi by 6, we get:

36v + 54u = 27 ..............vii
48v + 54u = 30 ...............viii

On subtracting vii from viii, we get:

12v = 3 ⇒v=312=14
⇒1y=14⇒y=4

On substituting y = 4 in iii, we get:

44+6x=3
⇒1+6x=3 ⇒6x=3-1=2
⇒2x=6⇒x=62=3
Hence, the required solution is x = 3 and y = 4.

Question:55
x+y=5xy,3x+2y=13xy.
Solution:
The given equations are:
x + y = 5xy .......i
3x + 2y = 13xy .........ii

From equation i, we have:

x+yxy=5
⇒1y+1x=5 .............iii

From equation ii, we have:

3x+2yxy=13
⇒3y+2x=13 .............iv
On substituting 1y=v and 1x=u , we get:
v + u = 5 ...........v
3v + 2u = 13 ...........vi

On multiplying v by 2, we get:
2v + 2u = 10 ..............vii
On subtracting vii from vi, we get:
v=3
⇒1y=3⇒y=13
On substituting y=13 in iii, we get:
113+1x=5
⇒3+1x=5⇒1x=2⇒x=12
Hence, the required solution is x=12 and y=13 or x = 0 and y = 0.

Question:56
Solve for x and y:
5x+y-2x-y=-115x+y+7x-y=10
Solution:
The given equations are
5x+y-2x-y=-1 .....i15x+y+7x-y=10 .....ii
Substituting 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v in (i) and (ii), we get
5u-2v=-1 .....iii15u+7v=10 .....iv
Multiplying (iii) by 3 and subtracting it from (iv), we get
7v+6v=10+3⇒13v=13⇒v=1⇒x-y=1 ∵1x-y=v .....v
Now, substituting v = 1 in (iii), we get
5u-2=-1⇒5u=1⇒u=15x+y=5 .....vi
Adding (v) and (vi), we get
2x=6⇒x=3
Substituting x = 3 in (vi), we have
3+y=5⇒y=5-3=2
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2.

Question:57
3x+y+2x-y=2,9x+y-4x-y=1, where x+y≠0 and x-y≠0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
3x+y+2x-y=2 ...i
9x+y-4x-y=1 ...ii
Putting 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v, we get:
3u + 2v = 2 ...iii
9u − 4v = 1 ...iv
On multiplying iii by 2, we get:
6u + 4v = 4 ...v
On adding iv and v, we get:
15u = 5
⇒u=515=13
⇒1x+y=13⇒x+y=3 ...vi
On substituting u=13 in iii, we get:
1 + 2v = 2
⇒ 2v = 1
⇒v=12
⇒1x-y=12⇒x-y=2 ...vii
On adding vi and vii, we get:
2x = 5
⇒ x=52
On substituting x=52 in vi, we get:
52+y=3 ⇒y=3-52=12
Hence, the required solution is x=52 and y=12.

Question:58
5x+1-2y-1=12,10x+1+2y-1=52, where x≠-1, y≠1.
Solution:
The given equations are:
5x+1-2y-1=12 .............i
10x+1+2y-1=52 ..............ii
Putting 1x+1=u and 1y-1=v , we get:
5u-2v=12 .................iii
10u+2v=52 ................iv
On adding iii and iv, we get:
15u = 3
⇒ u=315=15
⇒ 1x+1=15⇒x+1=5⇒x=4
On substituting u=15 in iii, we get:
5×15-2v=12⇒1-2v=12
⇒2v=12⇒v=14
⇒1y-1=14⇒y-1=4⇒y=5
Hence, the required solution is x = 4 and y = 5.

Question:59
44x+y+30x-y=10,55x+y+40x-y=13.
Solution:
The given equations are:
44x+y+30x-y=10 ...i
55x+y+40x-y=13 ...ii
Putting 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v , we get:
44u + 30v = 10 ...iii
55u + 40v = 13 ...iv
On multiplying iii by 4 and iv by 3, we get:
176u + 120v = 40 ...v
165u + 120v = 39 ...vi
On subtracting vi from v, we get:
11u = 1
⇒u=111
⇒1x+y=111⇒x+y=11 ...vii
On substituting u=111 in iii, we get:
4 + 30v = 10
⇒ 30v = 6
⇒v=630=15
⇒1x-y=15⇒x-y=5 ...viii
On adding vii and viii, we get:
2x = 16
⇒x=8
On substituting x = 8 in vii, we get:
8 + y = 11
⇒ y = 11 − 8 = 3
Hence, the required solution is x = 8 and y = 3.

Question:60
Solve for x and y:
10x+y+2x-y=415x+y-9x-y=-2
Solution:
The given equations are
10x+y+2x-y=4 .....i15x+y-9x-y=-2 .....ii
Substituting 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v in (i) and (ii), we get
10u+2v=4 .....iii15u-9v=-2 .....iv
Multiplying (iii) by 9 and (iv) by 2 and adding, we get
90u+30u=36-4⇒120u=32⇒u=32120=415⇒x+y=154 ∵1x+y=u .....v
Now, substituting u=415 in (iii), we get
10×415+2v=483+2v=4⇒2v=4-83=43⇒v=23⇒x-y=32 ∵1x-y=v .....vi
Adding (v) and (vi), we get
2x=154+32⇒2x=214⇒x=218
Substituting x=218 in (v), we have
218+y=154⇒y=154-218=98
Hence, x=218 and y=98.
Question:61
71x+37y=253,37x+71y=287.
Solution:
The given equations are:
71x + 37y = 253 ..............i
37x + 71y = 287 ............ii

On adding i and ii, we get:

108x + 108y = 540
⇒ 108(x + y) = 540
⇒ (x + y) = 5................iii

On subtracting ii from i, we get:

34x − 34y = −34
⇒ 34(x − y) = −34
⇒ (x − y) = −1...........iv

On adding iii and iv, we get:

2x = 5 − 1= 4
⇒x=2

On subtracting iv from iii, we get:

2y = 5 + 1 = 6
⇒y=3

Hence, the required solution is x = 2 and y = 3.

Question:62
217x+131y=913,131x+217y=827.
Solution:
The given equations are:
217x + 131y = 913 .............i
131x + 217y = 827 .............ii

On adding i and ii, we get:

348x + 348y = 1740
⇒ 348(x + y) = 1740
⇒ x + y = 5 ............iii

On subtracting ii from i, we get:

86x − 86y = 86
⇒ 86(x − y) = 86
⇒ x − y = 1 ...............iv

On adding iii and iv, we get :

2x = 6 ⇒ x = 3

On substituting x = 3 in iii, we get:

3+y=5
⇒y=5−3=2

Hence, the required solution is x = 3 and y = 2.

Question:63
Solve for x and y:
23x-29y=98 29x-23y=110
Solution:
The given equations are
23x-29y=98 .....i29x-23y=110 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
52x-52y=208⇒x-y=4 .....iii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
6x+6y=12⇒x+y=2 .....iv
Now, adding equation (iii) and (iv), we get
2x=6⇒x=3
Substituting x = 3 in (iv), we have
3+y=2⇒y=2-3=-1
Hence, x=3 and y=-1.

Question:64
Solve for x and y:
2x+5yxy=64x-5yxy=-3
Solution:
The given equations can be written as
5x+2y=6 .....i-5x+4y=-3 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
6y=3⇒y=2
Substituting y = 2 in (i), we have
5x+22=6⇒x=1
Hence, x = 1 and y = 2..

Question:65
Solve for x and y:
13x+y+13x-y=34123x+y-123x-y=-18
Solution:
The given equations are
13x+y+13x-y=34 .....i123x+y-123x-y=-18 13x+y-13x-y=-14 Multiplying by 2 .....ii
Substituting 13x+y=u and 13x-y=v in (i) and (ii), we get
u+v=34 .....iiiu-v=-14 .....iv
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2u=12⇒u=14⇒3x+y=4 ∵13x+y=u .....v
Now, substituting u=14 in (iii), we get
14+v=34v=34-14⇒v=12⇒3x-y=2 ∵13x-y=v .....vi
Adding (v) and (vi), we get
6x=6⇒x=1
Substituting x = 1 in (v), we have
3+y=4⇒y=1
Hence, x = 1 and y = 1.

Question:66
12(x+2y)+53(3x-2y)=-32,54(x+2y)-35(3x-2y)=6160, where x+2y≠0 and 3x-2y≠0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
12x+2y+533x-2y=-32 ...i
54x+2y-353x-2y=6160 ...ii
Putting 1x+2y=u and 13x-2y=v , we get:
12u+53v=-32 ...iii
54u-35v=6160 ...iv
On multiplying iii by 6 and iv by 20, we get:
3u + 10v = −9 ...v
25u-12v=613 ...vi
On multiplying v by 6 and vi by 5, we get:
18u + 60v = −54 ...vii
125u-60v=3053 ...viii
On adding vii and viii, we get:
143u=3053-54=305-1623=1433
⇒u=13=1x+2y
⇒ x + 2y = 3 ...ix
On substituting u=13 in v, we get:
1 + 10v = −9
⇒ 10v = −10
⇒ v = −1
⇒13x-2y=-1⇒3x-2y=-1 ...x
On adding ix and x, we get:
4x = 2
⇒ x=12
On substituting x=12 in x, we get:
32-2y=-1⇒2y=32+1=52⇒y=54
Hence, the required solution is x=12and y=54.

Question:67
Solve for x and y:
23x+2y+33x-2y=17553x+2y+13x-2y=2
Solution:
The given equations are
23x+2y+33x-2y=175 .....i53x+2y+13x-2y=2 .....ii
Substituting 13x+2y=u and 13x-2y=v in (i) and (ii), we get
2u+3v=175 .....iii5u+v=2 .....iv
Multiplying (iv) by 3 and subtracting from(iii), we get
2u-15u=175-6⇒-13u=-135⇒u=15⇒3x+2y=5 ∵13x+2y=u .....v
Now, substituting u=15 in (iv), we get
1+v=2⇒v=1⇒3x-2y=1 ∵13x-2y=v .....vi
Adding (v) and (vi), we get
6x=6⇒x=1
Substituting x = 1 in (v), we have
3+2y=5⇒y=1
Hence, x = 1 and y = 1.

Question:68
Solve for x and y:
32x+y=7xy3x+3y=11xy
Solution:
The given equations can be written as
3x+6y=7 .....i9x+3y=11 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 3 and subtracting (ii) from it, we get
18y-3y=21-11⇒15y=10⇒y=1510=32
Substituting y=32 in (i), we have
3x+6×23=7⇒3x=7-4=3⇒x=1
Hence, x=1 and y=32.

Question:69
Solve for x and y:
x+y=a+bax-by=a2-b2
Solution:
The given equations are
x+y=a+b .....iax-by=a2-b2 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by b and adding it with (ii), we get
bx+ax=ab+b2+a2-b2⇒x=ab+a2a+b=a
Substituting x = a in (i), we have
a+y=a+b⇒y=b
Hence, x = a and y = b.

Question:70
xa+yb=2,ax-by=a2-b2.
Solution:
The given equations are:
xa+yb=2

⇒bx+ayab=2 Taking LCM

⇒bx + ay = 2ab .......i

Again, ax − by = (a2 − b2) ........ii

On multiplying i by b and ii by a, we get:

b2x + bay = 2ab2.........iii
a2x − bay = a(a2 − b2) ........iv

On adding iii from iv, we get:

(b2 + a2)x = 2a2b + a(a2 − b2)
⇒ (b2 + a2)x = 2ab2 + a3 − ab2
⇒ (b2 + a2)x = ab2 + a3
⇒ (b2 + a2)x = a(b2 + a2)
⇒ x=ab2+a2b2+a2=a
On substituting x = a in i, we get:
ba + ay = 2ab
⇒ ay = ab
⇒y=b

Hence, the solution is x = a and y = b.

Question:71
Solve for x and y:
px+qy=p-qqx-py=p+q
Solution:
The given equations are
px+qy=p-q .....iqx-py=p+q .....ii
Multiplying (i) by p and (ii) by q and adding them, we get
p2x+q2x=p2-pq+pq+q2⇒x=p2+q2p2+q2=1
Substituting x = 1 in (i), we have
p+qy=p-q⇒qy=-q⇒y=-1
Hence, x = 1 and y=-1.

Question:72
Solve for x and y:
xa-yb=0ax+by=a2+b2
Solution:
The given equations are
xa-yb=0 .....iax+by=a2+b2 .....ii
From (i)
y=bxa
Substituting y=bxa in (ii), we get
ax+b×bxa=a2+b2⇒x=a2+b2×aa2+b2=a
Now, substitute x = a in (ii) to get
a2+by=a2+b2⇒by=b2⇒y=b
Hence, x = a and y = b.

Question:73
6ax+by=3a+2b,6bx-ay=3b-2a.
Solution:
The given equations are:
6(ax + by) = 3a + 2b
⇒ 6ax + 6by = 3a + 2b ...............i

and 6(bx − ay) = 3b − 2a

⇒ 6bx − 6ay = 3b − 2a ...................ii

On multiplying i by a and ii by b, we get:

6a2x + 6aby = 3a2 + 2ab ................iii
6b2x − 6aby = 3b2 − 2ab ....................iv

On adding iii and iv, we get:

6(a2 + b2)x = 3(a2 + b2)
⇒x=3a2+b26a2+b2=12

On substituting x=12 in i, we get:

6a×12+6by=3a+2b
⇒ 3a + 6by = 3a + 2b
⇒ 6by = 2b
⇒ y = 2b6b=13
Hence, the required solution is x=12 and y=13.

Question:74
Solve for x and y:
ax-by=a2+b2 x+y=2a
Solution:
The given equations are
ax-by=a2+b2 .....ix+y=2a .....ii
From (ii)
y=2a-x
Substituting y=2a-x in (i), we get
ax-b2a-x=a2+b2⇒ax-2ab+bx=a2+b2⇒x=a2+b2+2aba+b=a+b2a+b=a+b
Now, substitute x = a + b in (ii) to get
a+b+y=2a⇒y=a-b
Hence, x=a+b and y=a-b.

Question:75
bxa-ayb+a+b=0,bx-ay+2ab=0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
bxa-ayb+a+b=0
By taking LCM, we get:
b2x − a2y = −a2b − b2a .......i

and bx − ay + 2ab = 0
bx − ay = −2ab ........ii

On multiplying ii by a, we get:
abx − a2y = −2a2b .......iii

On subtracting i from iii, we get:

abx − b2x = − 2a2b + a2b + b2a = −a2b + b2a
⇒ x(ab − b2) = −ab(a − b)
⇒ x(a − b)b = −ab(a − b)
∴ x=-aba-ba-bb=-a

On substituting x = −a in i, we get:
b2(−a) − a2y = −a2b − b2a
⇒ −b2a − a2y = −a2b − b2a
⇒ −a2y = −a2b
⇒y=b

Hence, the solution is x = −a and y = b.

Question:76
bxa+ayb=a2+b2,x+y=2ab.
Solution:
The given equations are:

bxa+ayb=a2+b2
By taking LCM, we get:
b2x+a2yab=a2+b2
⇒ b2x + a2y = (ab)a2 + b2
⇒ b2x + a2y = a3b + ab3 .......i

Also, x + y = 2ab........ii

On multiplying ii by a2, we get:

a2x + a2y = 2a3b.........iii

On subtracting iii from i, we get:

(b2 − a2)x = a3b + ab3 − 2a3b
⇒ (b2 − a2)x = −a3b + ab3
⇒ (b2 − a2)x = ab(b2 − a2)
⇒ (b2 − a2)x = ab(b2 − a2)
⇒ x=abb2-a2b2-a2=ab

On substituting x = ab in i, we get:
b2(ab) + a2y = a3b + ab3
⇒ a2y = a3b
⇒ a3ba2=ab
Hence, the solution is x = ab and y = ab.

Question:77
Solve for x and y:
x+y=a+bax-by=a2-b2
Solution:
The given equations are
x+y=a+b .....iax-by=a2-b2 .....ii
From (i)
y=a+b-x
Substituting y=a+b-x in (ii), we get
ax-ba+b-x=a2-b2⇒ax-ab-b2+bx=a2-b2⇒x=a2+aba+b=a
Now, substitute x = a in (i) to get
a+y=a+b⇒y=b
Hence, x = a and y = b.

Question:78
Solve for x and y:
a2x+b2y=c2b2x+a2y=d2
Solution:
The given equations are
a2x+b2y=c2 .....ib2x+a2y=d2 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by a2 and (ii) by b2 and subtracting, we get
a4x-b4x=a2c2-b2d2⇒x=a2c2-b2d2a4-b4
Now, multiplying (i) by b2 and (ii) by a2 and subtracting, we get
b4y-a4y=b2c2-a2d2⇒y=b2c2-a2d2b4-a4

Hence, x=a2c2-b2d2a4-b4 and y=b2c2-a2d2b4-a4.

Question:79
Solve for x and y:
xa+yb=a+bxa2+yb2=2
Solution:
The given equations are
xa+yb=a+b .....ixa2+yb2=2 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by b and (ii) by b2 and subtracting, we get
bxa-b2xa2=ab+b2-2b2⇒ab-b2a2x=ab-b2⇒x=ab-b2a2ab-b2=a2
Now, substituting x = a2 in (i), we get
a2a+yb=a+b⇒yb=a+b-a=b⇒y=b2

Hence, x=a2 and y=b2.

Question:80
x+2y+1=0,2x-3y-12=0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
x + 2y + 1 = 0 ...i
2x − 3y − 12 = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 2, c 1 = 1, a2 = 2, b2 = −3 and c 2 = −12
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x2×-12-1×-3=y1×2-1×-12=11×-3-2×2
⇒ x-24+3=y2+12=1-3-4
⇒ x-21=y14=1-7
⇒ x=-21-7=3, y=14-7=-2
Hence, x = 3 and y = −2 is the required solution.

Question:81
3x-2y+3=0,4x+3y-47=0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
3x − 2y + 3 = 0 ...i
4x + 3y − 47 = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = −2 , c 1 = 3, a2 = 4, b2 = 3 and c 2 = −47
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x-2×-47-3×3=y3×4--47×3=13×3--2×4
⇒ x94-9=y12+141=z9+8
⇒ x85=y153=117
⇒ x=8517=5, y=15317=9
Hence, x = 5 and y = 9 is the required solution.

Question:82
6x-5y-16=0,7x-13y+10=0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
6x − 5y − 16 = 0 ...i
7x − 13y + 10 = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 6, b1 = −5 , c 1 = −16, a2 = 7, b2 = −13 and c 2 = 10
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x-5×10--16×-13=y-16×7-10×6=16×-13--5×7
⇒ x-50-208=y-112-60=z-78+35
⇒ x-258=y-172=1-43
⇒ x=-258-43=6, y=-172-43=4
Hence, x = 6 and y = 4 is the required solution.

Question:83
3x+2y+25=0,2x+y+10=0.
Solution:
The given equations are:
3x + 2y + 25 = 0 ...i
2x + y + 10 = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = 2 , c 1 = 25, a2 = 2, b2 = 1 and c 2 = 10
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x2×10-25×1=y25×2-10×3=13×1-2×2
⇒ x20-25=y50-30=13-4
⇒ x-5=y20=1-1
⇒ x=-5-1=5, y=20-1=-20
Hence, x = 5 and y = −20 is the required solution.

Question:84
2x+5y=1,2x+3y=3.
Solution:
The given equations may be written as:
2x + 5y − 1 = 0 ...i
2x + 3y − 3 = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = 5, c 1 = −1, a2 = 2, b2 = 3 and c 2 = −3
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x5×-3-3×-1=y-1×2--3×2=12×3-2×5
⇒ x-15+3=y-2+6=z6-10
⇒ x-12=y4=1-4
⇒ x=-12-4=3, y=4-4=-1
Hence, x = 3 and y = −1 is the required solution.

Question:85
2x+y=35,3x+4y=65.
Solution:
The given equations may be written as:
2x + y − 35 = 0 ...i
3x + 4y − 65 = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c 1 = −35, a2 = 3, b2 = 4 and c 2 = −65
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x1×-65-4×-35=y-35×3--65×2=12×4-3×1
⇒ x-65+140=y-105+130=18-3
⇒ x75=y25=15
⇒ x=755=15, y=255=5
Hence, x = 15 and y = 5 is the required solution.

Question:86
7x-2y=3, 22x-3y=16.
Solution:
The given equations may be written as:
7x − 2y − 3 = 0 ...i
22x-3y-16=0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 7, b1 = −2 , c 1 = −3, a2 = 22, b2 = -3 and c 2 = −16
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x-2×-16--3×-3=y-3×22--16×7=17×-3-22×-2
⇒ x32-9=y-66+112=1-21+44
⇒ x23=y46=123
⇒ x=2323=1, y=4623=2
Hence, x = 1 and y = 2 is the required solution.

Question:87
x6+y15=4,x3-y12=194.
Solution:
The given equations may be written as:
x6+y15-4=0 ...i
x3-y12-194=0 ...ii
Here, a1=16, b1=115, c1=-4, a2=13, b2=-112 and c2=-194
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x115×-194--112×-4=y-4×13-16×-194=116×-112-13×115
⇒ x-1960-13=y-43+1924=1-172-145
⇒ x-3960=y-1324=1-13360
⇒ x=-3960×-36013=18, y=-1324×-36013=15
Hence, x = 18 and y = 15 is the required solution.

Question:88
1x+1y=7,2x+3y=17 (x≠0, y≠0).
Solution:
Taking 1x=u and 1y=v, the given equations become:
u+v=7
2u + 3v = 17

The given equations may be written as:

u+v−7=0 ...i
2u + 3v − 17 = 0 ...ii

Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c 1 = −7, a2 = 2, b2 = 3 and c 2 = −17

By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ u1×-17-3×-7=v-7×2-1×-17=13-2
⇒ u-17+21=v-14+17=11
⇒ u4=v3=11
⇒ u=41=4,v=31=3
⇒ 1x=4,1y=3
⇒ x=14,y=13
Hence, x=14and y=13 is the required solution.

Question:89
5(x+y)-2(x-y)+1=0,15(x+y)+7(x-y)-10=0 (x≠y, x≠-y).
Solution:
Taking 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v, the given equations become:
5u − 2v + 1 = 0 ...i
15u + 7v − 10 = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 5, b1 = −2, c 1 = 1, a2 = 15, b2 = −7 and c 2 = −10
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ u-2×-10-1×7=v1×15--10×5=135+30
⇒ u20-7=v15+50=165
⇒ u13=v65=165
⇒ u=1365=15,v=6565=1
⇒ 1x+y=15,1x-y=1
So, (x + y) = 5 ...iii
and (x − y) = 1 ...iv

Again, the above equations iii and iv may be written as:

x+y−5=0 ...v
x−y−1=0 ...vi
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c 1 = −5, a2 = 1, b2 = −1 and c 2 = −1
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x1×-1--5×-1=y-5×1--1×1=11×-1-1×1

⇒ x-1-5=y-5+1=1-1-1
⇒ x-6=y-4=1-2
⇒ x=-6-2=3,y=-4-2=2
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2 is the required solution.

Question:90
axb-bya=a+b,ax-by=2ab
Solution:
The given equations may be written as:
axb-bya-(a+b)=0 ...i
ax-by-2ab=0 ...ii
Here, a1 = ab, b1 = -ba, c 1 = −(a + b), a2 = a, b2 = −b and c 2 = −2ab
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x-ba×-2ab--b×-a+b=y-a+b×a--2ab×ab=1ab×-b-a×-ba
⇒ x2b2-ba+b=y-aa+b+2a2=1-a+b
⇒ x2b2-ab-b2=y-a2-ab+2a2=1-a+b
⇒ xb2-ab=ya2-ab=1-a-b
⇒ x-ba-b=yaa-b=1-a-b
⇒ x=-ba-b-a-b=b,y=aa-b-a-b=-a
Hence, x = b and y = −a is the required solution.

Question:91
2ax+3by=a+2b,3ax+2by=2a+b.
Solution:
The given equations may be written as:
2ax + 3by − (a + 2b) = 0 ...i
3ax + 2by − (2a + b) = 0 ...ii
Here, a1 = 2a, b1 = 3b, c 1 = −(a + 2b), a2 = 3a, b2 = 2b and c 2 = −(2a + b)
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x3b×-2a+b-2b×-a+2b=y-a+2b×3a-2a×-2a+b=12a×2b-3a×3b
⇒ x-6ab-3b2+2ab+4b2=y-3a2-6ab+4a2+2ab=14ab-9ab
⇒ xb2-4ab=ya2-4ab=1-5ab
⇒ x-b4a-b=y-a4b-a=1-5ab
⇒ x=-b4a-b-5ab=4a-b5a, y=-a4b-a-5ab=4b-a5b
Hence, x=(4a-b)5a and y=4b-a5b is the required solution.

Question:92
Solve the following system of equations by using the method of cross-multiplication:
ax-by=0ab2x+a2by=a2+b2, where x≠0 and y≠0
Solution:
Substituting 1x=u and 1y=v in the given equations, we get
au-bv+0=0 .....iab2u+a2bv-a2+b2=0 .....ii
Here, a1=a,b1=-b,c1=0 and a2=ab2,b2=a2b,c2=-a2+b2.
So, by cross-multiplication, we have
ub1c2-b2c1=vc1a2-c2a1=1a1b2-a2b1⇒u-b-a2+b2-a2b0=v0ab2--a2-b2a=1aa2b-ab2-b⇒uba2+b2=vaa2+b2=1aba2+b2
⇒u=ba2+b2aba2+b2, v=aa2+b2aba2+b2⇒u=1a, v=1b⇒1x=1a, 1y=1b⇒x=a, y=b
Hence, x = a and y = b.

Question:93
Show that the following system of equations has a unique solution:
3x+5y=12,5x+3y=4.
Also, find the solution of the given system of equations.
Solution:
The given system of equations is:
3x + 5y = 12
5x + 3y = 4
These equations are of the forms:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
where, a1 = 3, b1= 5, c 1 = −12 and a2 = 5, b2 = 3, c 2 = −4
For a unique solution, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2, i.e., 35≠53
Hence, the given system of equations has a unique solution.

Again, the given equations are:

3x + 5y = 12 ...i
5x + 3y = 4 ...ii
On multiplying i by 3 and ii by 5, we get:
9x + 15y = 36 ...iii
25x + 15y = 20 ...iv
On subtracting iii from iv, we get:
16x = −16
⇒ x = −1
On substituting x = −1 in i, we get:
3−1 + 5y = 12
⇒ 5y = 12 + 3 = 15
⇒y=3
Hence, x = −1 and y = 3 is the required solution.

Question:94
Show that the following system of equations has a unique solution and solve it:
2x-3y=174x+y=13
Solution:
The system of equations can be written as
2x-3y-17=0 .....i4x+y-13=0 .....ii
The given equations are of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=2, b1=-3, c1=-17 and a2=4, b2=1, c2=-13
Now,
a1a2=24=12 and b1b2=-31=-3
Since, a1a2≠b1b2, therefore the system of equations has unique solution.
Using cross multiplication method, we have
xb1c2-b2c1=yc1a2-c2a1=1a1b2-a2b1⇒x-3-13-1×-17=y-17×4--13×2=12×1-4×-3⇒x39+17=y-68+26=12+12⇒x56=y-42=114
⇒x=5614, y=-4214⇒x=4, y=-3
Hence, x=4 and y=-3.

Question:95
Show that the following system of equations has a unique solution:
x3+y2=3,x-2y=2.
Also, find the solution of the given system of equations.
Solution:
The given system of equations are:
x3+y2=3
⇒ 2x+3y6=3
2x + 3y = 18
⇒ 2x + 3y − 18 = 0 ...i
and
x − 2y = 2
x − 2y − 2 = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the forms:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
where, a1 = 2, b1= 3, c 1 = −18 and a2 = 1, b2 = −2, c 2 = −2
For a unique solution, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2, i.e., 21≠3-2
Hence, the given system of equations has a unique solution.
Again, the given equations are:
2x + 3y − 18 = 0 ...iii
x − 2y − 2 = 0 ...iv
On multiplying i by 2 and ii by 3, we get:
4x + 6y − 36 = 0 ...v
3x − 6y − 6 = 0 ...vi
On adding v and vi, we get:
7x = 42
⇒x=6
On substituting x = 6 in iii, we get:
26 + 3y = 18
⇒ 3y = 18 − 12 = 6
⇒y=2
Hence, x = 6 and y = 2 is the required solution.

Question:96
Find the value of k for which the following equations has a unique solution:
2x+3y-5=0kx-6y-8=0
Solution:
The given system of equations are
2x+3y-5=0 .....ikx-6y-8=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=2, b1=3, c1=-5 and a2=k, b2=-6, c2=-8
Now, for the given system of equations to have a unique solution, we must have
a1a2≠b1b2⇒2k≠3-6⇒k≠-4
Hence, k≠-4.

Question:97
Find the value of k for which the following equations has a unique solution:
x-ky-2=03x+2y+5=0
Solution:
The given system of equations are
x-ky-2=0 .....i3x+2y+5=0 .....ii
This system of equations is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=1, b1=-k, c1=-2 and a2=3, b2=2, c2=5
Now, for the given system of equations to have a unique solution, we must have
a1a2≠b1b2⇒13≠-k2⇒k≠-23
Hence, k≠-23.

Question:98
Find the value of k for which the following system of equations has a unique solution:
5x-7y-5=02x+ky-1=0
Solution:
The given system of equations is
5x-7y-5=0 .....i2x+ky-1=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=5, b1=-7, c1=-5 and a2=2, b2=k, c2=-1
For the given system of equations to have a unique solution, we must have
a1a2≠b1b2⇒52≠-7k⇒k≠-145
Hence, k≠-145.

Question:99
Find the value of k for which the following system of equations has a unique solution:
4x+ky+8=0x+y+1=0
Solution:
The given system of equations is
4x+ky+8=0 .....ix+y+1=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=4, b1=k, c1=8 and a2=1, b2=1, c2=1
For the given system of equations to have a unique solution, we must have
a1a2≠b1b2⇒41≠k1⇒k≠4
Hence, k≠4.

Question:100
Find the value of k for which each of the following systems of equations has a unique solution:
4x-5y=k, 2x-3y=12.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
4x − 5y = k
⇒ 4x − 5y − k = 0 ...i
And, 2x − 3y = 12
⇒ 2x − 3y − 12 = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 4, b1= −5, c 1 = −k and a2 = 2, b2 = −3, c 2 = −12
For a unique solution, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2
i.e. 42≠-5-3
⇒2≠53⇒6≠5
Thus, for all real values of k, the given system of equations will have a unique solution.

Question:101
Find the value of k for which each of the following systems of equations has a unique solution:
kx+3y=(k-3), 12x+ky=k.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
kx + 3y = (k − 3)
⇒ kx + 3y − (k − 3) = 0 ....i
And, 12x + ky = k
⇒ 12x + ky − k = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = k, b1= 3, c 1 = −(k − 3) and a2 = 12, b2 = k, c 2 = −k
For a unique solution, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2
i.e. k12≠3k
⇒k2≠36⇒k≠±6
Thus, for all real values of k other than ±6, the given system of equations will have a unique solution.

Question:102
Show that the system of equations
2x-3y=5, 6x-9y=15
has an infinite number of solutions.
Solution:
The given system of equations is:
2x − 3y = 5
⇒ 2x − 3y − 5 = 0 ...i
6x − 9y = 15
⇒ 6x − 9y − 15 = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the forms:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
where, a1 = 2, b1= −3, c 1 = −5 and a2 = 6, b2 = −9, c 2 = −15

∴a1a2=26=13,b1b2=-3-9=13 and c1c2=-5-15=13

Thus, a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
Hence, the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions.

Question:103
Show that the system of equations 6x+5y=11, 9x+152y=21 has no solution.
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as
6x+5y-11= .....i9x+152y-21=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=6, b1=5, c1=-11 and a2=9, b2=152, c2=-21
Now,
a1a2=69=23b1b2=5152=23c1c2=-11-21=1121
Since, a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2, therefore the given system has no solution.

Question:104
For what value of k, the system of equations
kx+2y=5, 3x-4y=10
has i a unique solution, ii no solution?
Solution:
The given system of equations is:
kx + 2y = 5
⇒ kx + 2y − 5= 0 ...i
3x − 4y = 10
⇒ 3x − 4y − 10 = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the forms:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
where, a1 = k, b1= 2, c 1 = −5 and a2 = 3, b2 = −4, c 2 = −10
i For a unique solution, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2, i.e., k3≠2-4⇒k≠-32
Thus for all real values of k other than -32, the given system of equations will have a unique solution.
ii For the given system of equations to have no solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
⇒k3=2-4≠-5-10
⇒k3=2-4 and k3≠12
⇒k=-32,k≠32
Hence, the required value of k is -32.

Question:105
For what value of k, the system of equations
x+2y=5, 3x+ky+15=0
has i a unique solution, ii no solution?
Solution:
The given system of equations is:
x + 2y = 5
⇒ x + 2y − 5= 0 ...i
3x + ky + 15 = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
where, a1 = 1, b1= 2, c 1 = −5 and a2 = 3, b2 = k, c 2 = 15
i For a unique solution, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2, i.e., 13≠2k⇒k≠6
Thus, for all real values of k other than 6, the given system of equations will have a unique solution.
ii For the given system of equations to have no solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
⇒13=2k≠-515
⇒13=2k and 2k≠-515
⇒k=6, k≠-6
Hence, the required value of k is 6.

Question:106
For what value of k does the system of equations
x+2y=3, 5x+ky+7=0
has i a unique solution, ii no solution?
Also, show that there is no value of k for which the given system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
Solution:
The given system of equations is:
x + 2y = 3
x + 2y − 3= 0 ....i
And, 5x + ky + 7 = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 1, b1= 2, c 1 = −3 and a2 = 5, b2 = k, c 2 = 7
i For a unique solution, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2, i.e. 15≠2k⇒k≠10
Thus, for all real values of k​, other than 10, the given system of equations will have a unique solution.
ii In order that the given system of equations has no solution, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
15=2k≠-37
⇒15=2k and 2k≠-37
⇒k=10,k≠14-3
Hence, the required value of k is 10.
There is no value of k for which the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions.

Question:107
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
2x+3y=7,(k-1)x+(k+2)y=3k.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
2x + 3y = 7
⇒ 2x + 3y − 7 = 0 ....i
And, (k − 1)x + (k + 2)y = 3k
⇒ (k − 1)x + (k + 2)y − 3k = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1= 3, c 1 = −7 and a2 = (k − 1), b2 = (k + 2), c 2 = −3k
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
2k-1=3k+2=-7-3k
⇒2k-1=3k+2=73k

Now, we have the following three cases:

Case I:
2k-1=3k+2
⇒2k+2=3k-1⇒2k+4=3k-3⇒k=7

Case II:
3k+2=73k
⇒7k+2=9k⇒7k+14=9k⇒2k=14⇒k=7

Case III:
2k-1=73k
⇒7k-7=6k⇒k=7

Hence, the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions when k is equal to 7.

Question:108
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
2x+(k-2)y=k,6+(2k-1)y=(2k+5).
Solution:
The given system of equations:
2x + (k − 2)y = k
⇒ 2x + (k − 2)y − k = 0 ....i
And, 6x + (2k − 1)y = (2k + 5)
⇒ 6x + (2k − 1)y − (2k + 5) = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1= (k − 2), c 1 = −k and a2 = 6, b2 = (2k − 1), c 2 = −(2k + 5)
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
26=k-22k-1=-k-2k+5
⇒13=k-22k-1=k2k+5

Now, we have the following three cases:

Case I:
13=k-22k-1
⇒(2k-1)=3(k-2)
⇒2k-1=3k-6⇒k=5

Case II:
k-22k-1=k2k+5
⇒k-22k+5=k2k-1
⇒2k2+5k-4k-10=2k2-k
⇒k+k=10⇒2k=10⇒k=5

Case III:
13=k2k+5
⇒2k+5=3k⇒k=5

Hence, the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions when k is equal to 5.

Question:109
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
kx+3y=(2x+1),2(k+1)x+9y=(7k+1).
Solution:
The given system of equations:
kx + 3y = (2k + 1)
⇒ kx + 3y − (2k + 1) = 0 ...i
And, 2(k + 1)x + 9y = (7k + 1)
⇒ 2(k + 1)x + 9y − (7k + 1) = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = k, b1= 3, c 1 = −(2k + 1) and a2 = 2(k + 1), b2 = 9, c 2 = −(7k + 1)
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
i.e. k2k+1=39=-2k+1-7k+1
⇒k2k+1=13=2k+17k+1

Now, we have the following three cases:

Case I:
k2k+1=13
⇒2k+1=3k
⇒2k+2=3k
⇒k=2

Case II:
13=2k+17k+1
⇒7k+1=6k+3
⇒k=2

Case III:
k2k+1=2k+17k+1
⇒k7k+1=2k+1×2k+1
⇒7k2+k=2k+12k+2
⇒7k2+k=4k2+4k+2k+2
⇒3k2-5k-2=0
⇒3k2-6k+k-2=0
⇒3kk-2+1k-2=0
⇒3k+1k-2=0
⇒k=2 or k=-13
Hence, the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions when k is equal to 2.

Question:110
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
5x+2y=2k,2(k+1)x+ky=(3k+4).
Solution:
The given system of equations:
5x + 2y = 2k
⇒ 5x + 2y − 2k= 0 ...i
And, 2(k + 1)x + ky = (3k + 4)
⇒ 2(k + 1)x + ky − (3k + 4) = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 5, b1= 2, c 1 = −2k and a2 = 2(k + 1), b2 = k, c 2 = −(3k + 4)
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
52k+1=2k=-2k-3k+4
⇒52k+1=2k=2k3k+4

Now, we have the following three cases:

Case I:
52k+1=2k
⇒2×2k+1=5k⇒4k+1=5k
⇒4k+4=5k⇒k=4

Case II:
2k=2k3k+4
⇒2k2=2×3k+4
⇒2k2=6k+8⇒2k2-6k-8=0
⇒2k2-3k-4=0
⇒k2-4k+k-4=0
⇒k(k-4)+1(k-4)=0
⇒k+1 k-4=0
⇒k+1=0 or k-4=0
⇒k=-1or k=4

Case III:
52k+1=2k3k+4
⇒15k+20=4k2+4k
⇒4k2-11k-20=0
⇒4k2-16k+5k-20=0
⇒4kk-4+5k-4=0
⇒k-4 4k+5=0
⇒k=4 or k=-54

Hence, the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions when k is equal to 4.

Question:111
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
(k-1)x-y=5,(k+1)x+(1-k)y=(3k+1).
Solution:
The given system of equations:
(k − 1)x − y = 5
⇒ (k − 1)x − y − 5 = 0 ...i
And, (k + 1)x + (1 − k)y = (3k + 1)
⇒ (k + 1)x + (1 − k)y − (3k + 1) = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = (k − 1), b1= −1, c 1 = −5 and a2 = (k + 1), b2 = (1 − k), c 2 = −(3k + 1)
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
i.e. k-1k+1=-1-k-1=-5-3k+1
⇒k-1k+1=1k-1=53k+1

Now, we have the following three cases:

Case I:
k-1k+1=1k-1
⇒k-12=k+1
⇒k2+1-2k=k+1
⇒k2-3k=0⇒k(k-3)=0⇒k=0 or k=3

Case II:
1k-1=53k+1
⇒3k+1=5k-1
⇒3k+1=5k-5
⇒2k=6⇒k=3

Case III:
k-1k+1=53k+1
⇒3k+1k-1=5k+1
⇒3k2+k-3k-1=5k+5
⇒3k2-2k-5k-1-5=0
⇒3k2-7k-6=0
⇒3k2-9k+2k-6=0
⇒3kk-3+2k-3=0
⇒k-33k+2=0
⇒k-3=0 or 3k+2=0
⇒k=3 or k=-23

Hence, the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions when k is equal to 3.

Question:112
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
k-3x+3y=k, kx+ky=12.
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as
k-3x+3y-k=0 .....ikx+ky-12=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=k-3, b1=3, c1=-k and a2=k, b2=k, c2=-12
For the given system of linear equations to have an infinite number of solutions
, we must have
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2⇒k-3k=3k=-k-12⇒k-3k=3k and 3k=-k-12⇒k-3=3 and k2=36
⇒k=6 and k=±6⇒k=6
Hence, k = 6.

Question:113
Find the values of a and b for which each of the following systems of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
(a-1)x+3y=2,6x+(1-2b)y=6.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
(a − 1)x + 3y = 2
⇒ (a − 1)x + 3y − 2 = 0 ...i
and 6x + (1 − 2b)y = 6
⇒ 6x + (1 − 2b)y − 6= 0 ...ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
where, a1 = (a − 1), b1= 3, c 1 = −2 and a2 = 6, b2 = (1 − 2b), c 2 = −6
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
a-16=31-2b=-2-6
⇒a-16=31-2b=13
⇒a-16=13and31-2b=13
⇒ 3a − 3 = 6 and 9 = 1 − 2b
⇒ 3a = 9 and 2b = −8
⇒ a = 3 and b = −4
∴​ a = 3 and b = −4

Question:114
Find the values of a and b for which each of the following systems of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
(2a-1)x+3y=5,3x+(b-1)y=2.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
(2a − 1)x + 3y = 5
⇒ (2a − 1)x + 3y − 5 = 0 ....i
And, 3x + (b − 1)y = 2
⇒ 3x + (b − 1)y − 2 = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = (2a − 1), b1= 3, c 1 = −5 and a2 = 3, b2 = (b − 1), c 2 = −2
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
2a-13=3b-1=-5-2
⇒2a-13=3b-1=52
⇒2a-13=52 and 3b-1=52
⇒ 2(2a − 1) = 15 and 6 = 5(b − 1)
⇒ 4a − 2 = 15 and 6 = 5b − 5
⇒ 4a = 17 and 5b = 11
⇒a=174and b=115
∴​ a = 174 and b = 115

Question:115
Find the values of a and b for which each of the following systems of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
2x-3y=7,(a+b)x-(a+b-3)y=4a+b.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
2x − 3y = 7
⇒ 2x − 3y − 7 = 0 ....i
And, (a + b)x − (a + b − 3)y = 4a + b
⇒ (a + b)x − (a + b − 3)y − (4a + b) = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1= −3, c 1 = −7 and a2 = (a + b), b2 = −(a + b − 3), c 2 = −(4a + b)
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
2a+b=-3-a+b-3=-7-4a+b
⇒2a+b=3a+b-3=74a+b
⇒2a+b=74a+b and 3a+b-3=74a+b
⇒ 2(4a + b) = 7(a + b) and 3(4a + b) = 7(a + b − 3)
⇒ 8a + 2b = 7a + 7b and 12a + 3b = 7a + 7b − 21
⇒ a = 5b ....iii
And, 5a = 4b − 21 ....iv
On substituting a = 5b in iv, we get:
25b = 4b − 21
⇒ 21b = −21
⇒ b = −1
On substituting b = −1 in iii, we get:
a = 5−1 = −5
∴ a = −5 and b = −1

Question:116
Find the values of a and b for which each of the following systems of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
2x+3y=7,(a+b+1)x+(a+2b+2)y=4(a+b)+1.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
2x + 3y = 7
⇒ 2x + 3y − 7 = 0 ....i
And, (a + b + 1)x + (a + 2b + 2)y = 4(a + b) + 1
⇒ (a + b + 1)x + (a + 2b + 2)y − [4(a + b) + 1] = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1= 3, c 1 = −7 and a2 = (a + b + 1), b2 = (a + 2b + 2), c 2 = −[4(a + b) + 1]
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
2a+b+1=3a+2b+2=-7-4a+b+1
⇒2a+b+1=3a+2b+2=74a+b+1
⇒2a+b+1=3a+2b+2and3a+2b+2=74a+b+1

⇒ 2(a + 2b + 2) = 3(a + b+ 1) and 3[4(a + b) + 1] = 7(a + 2b + 2)

⇒ 2a + 4b + 4 = 3a + 3b + 3 and 3(4a + 4b + 1) = 7a + 14b + 14
⇒ a − b − 1 = 0 and 12a + 12b + 3 = 7a + 14b + 14
⇒ a − b = 1 and 5a − 2b = 11
a = (b + 1) ....iii
5a − 2b = 11 ....iv
On substituting a = (b + 1) in iv, we get:
5(b + 1) − 2b = 11
⇒ 5b + 5 − 2b = 11
⇒ 3b = 6
⇒b=2
On substituting b = 2 in iii, we get:
a=3
∴​ a = 3 and b = 2

Question:117
Find the values of a and b for which the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
2x+3y=7a+bx+2a-by=21 CBSE 2001
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as
2x+3y-7=0 .....ia+bx+2a-by-21=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=2, b1=3, c1=-7 and a2=a+b, b2=2a-b, c2=-21
For the given system of linear equations to have an infinite number of solutions, we must have
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2⇒2a+b=32a-b=-7-21⇒2a+b=-7-21=13 and 32a-b=-7-21=13⇒a+b=6 and 2a-b=9
Adding a+b=6 and 2a-b=9, we get
3a=15⇒a=153=5
Now, substituting a = 5 in a + b = 6, we have
5+b=6 ⇒ b=6-5=1
Hence, a = 5 and b = 1.

Question:118
Find the values of a and b for which the following system of linear equations has an infinite number of solutions:
2x+3y=72ax+a+by=28 CBSE 2001
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as
2x+3y-7=0 .....i2ax+a+by-28=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=2, b1=3, c1=-7 and a2=2a, b2=a+b, c2=-28
For the given system of linear equations to have an infinite number of solutions, we must have
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2⇒22a=3a+b=-7-28⇒22a=-7-28=14 and 3a+b=-7-28=14⇒a=4 and a+b=12
Substituting a = 4 in a + b = 12, we get
4+b=12⇒b=12-4=8
Hence, a = 4 and b = 8.

Question:119
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations has no solution:8x+5y=9, kx+10y=15.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
8x + 5y = 9
8x + 5y − 9 = 0 ....i
kx + 10y = 15
kx + 10y − 15= 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 8, b1= 5, c 1 = −9 and a2 = k, b2 = 10, c 2 = −15
In order that the given system has no solution, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
i.e. 8k=510≠-9-15i.e. 8k=12≠35
8k=12 and 8k≠35
⇒k=16 and k≠403
Hence, the given system of equations has no solution when k is equal to 16.

Question:120
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations has no solution:
kx+3y=3, 12x+ky=6.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
kx + 3y = 3
kx + 3y − 3 = 0 ....i
12x + ky = 6
12x + ky − 6= 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = k, b1= 3, c 1 = −3 and a2 = 12, b2 = k, c 2 = −6
In order that the given system of equations has no solution, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
i.e. k12=3k≠-3-6
k12=3k and 3k≠12
⇒k2=36 and k≠6
⇒k=±6 and k ≠ 6
Hence, the given system of equations has no solution when k is equal to −6.

Question:121
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations has no solution:
3x-y-5=0, 6x-2y+k=0,(k≠0).
Solution:
The given system of equations:
3x − y − 5 = 0 ...i
And, 6x − 2y + k = 0 ...ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 3, b1= −1, c 1 = −5 and a2 = 6, b2 = −2, c 2 = k
In order that the given system of equations has no solution, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
i.e. 36=-1-2≠-5k
⇒ -1-2≠-5k⇒k≠-10
Hence, equations i and ii will have no solution if k≠-10.

Question:122
Find the value of k for which the following system of linear equations has no solutions:
kx+3y=k-312x+ky=k
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as
kx+3y+3-k=0 .....i12x+ky-k=0 .....ii
This system is of the form
a1x+b1y+c1=0a2x+b2y+c2=0
where a1=k, b1=3, c1=3-k and a2=12, b2=k, c2=-k
For the given system of linear equations to have no solution, we must have
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2⇒k12=3k≠3-k-k⇒ k12=3k and 3k≠3-k-k⇒k2=36 and -3≠3-k
⇒k=±6 and k≠6⇒k=-6
Hence, k=-6.

Question:123
Find the value of k for which the system of equations
5x-3y=0, 2x+ky=0
has a nonzero solution.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
5x − 3y = 0 ....i
2x + ky = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 5, b1= −3, c 1 = 0 and a2 = 2, b2 = k, c 2 = 0
For a non-zero solution, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2
⇒52=-3k
⇒5k=-6⇒k=-65
Hence, the required value of k is -65.

Question:124
5 chairs and 4 tables together cost 5,600, while 4 chairs and 3 tables together cost
4,340. Find the cost of a chair and that of a table.
Solution:
Let the cost of a chair be x and that of a table be y. Then
5x+4y=5600 .....i4x+3y=4340 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 4, we get
15x-16x=16800-17360⇒-x=-560⇒x=560
Substituting x = 560 in (i), we have
5×560+4y=5600⇒4y=5600-2800⇒y=28004=700
Hence, the cost of a chair and that of a table are respectively 560 and 700.

Question:125
23 spoons and 17 forks together cost 1,770, while 17 spoons and 23 forks together
cost 1,830. Find the cost of a spoon and that of a fork.
Solution:
Let the cost of a spoon be x and that of a fork be y. Then
23x+17y=1770 .....i17x+23y=1830 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
40x+40y=3600⇒x+y=90 .....iii
Now, subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
6x-6y=-60⇒x-y=-10 .....iv
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2x=80⇒x=40
Substituting x = 40 in (iii), we get
40+y=90⇒y=50
Hence, the cost of a spoon that of a fork are 40 and 50 respectively.

Question:126
A lady has only 25-paisa and 50-paisa coins in her purse. If she has 50 coins in all
totalling 19.50, how many coins of each kind does she have?
Solution:
Let the x and y be the number of 50-paisa and 25-paisa conis respectively. Then
x+y=50 .....i0.5x+0.25y=19.50 .....ii
Multiplying (ii) by 2 and subtracting it from (i), we get
0.5y=50-39⇒y=110.5=22
Subtracting y = 22 in (i), we get
x+22=50⇒x=50-22=28
Hence, the number of 25-paisa and 50-paisa conis are 22 and 28 respectively.

Question:127
The sum of two numbers is 137 and their difference is 43. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the larger number be x and the smaller number be y.
Then, we have:
x + y = 137 ...i
x − y = 43 ...ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
2x = 180 ⇒ x = 90
On substituting x = 90 in i, we get:
90 + y = 137
⇒ y = 137 − 90 = 47
Hence, the required numbers are 90 and 47.

Question:128
Find two numbers such that the sum of twice the first and thrice the second is 92, and four times the first exceeds seven times the second by 2.
Solution:
Let the first number be x and the second number be y.
Then, we have:
2x + 3y = 92 ....i
4x − 7y = 2 ....ii
On multiplying i by 7 and ii by 3, we get:
14x + 21y = 644 ....iii
12x − 21y = 6 ....iv
On adding iii and iv, we get:
26x = 650
⇒ x = 25
On substituting x = 25 in i, we get:
2 × 25 + 3y = 92
⇒ 50 + 3y = 92
⇒ 3y = 92 − 50 = 42
⇒ y = 14
Hence, the first number is 25 and the second number is 14.

Question:129
Find two numbers such that the sum of thrice the first and the second is 142, and four times the first exceeds the second by 138.
Solution:
Let the first number be x and the second number be y.
Then, we have:
3x + y = 142 ....i
4x − y = 138 ....ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
7x = 280
⇒ x = 40
On substituting x = 40 in i, we get:
3 × 40 + y = 142
⇒ y = 142 − 120 = 22
⇒ y = 22
Hence, the first number is 40 and the second number is 22.
Question:130
If 45 is subtracted from twice the greater of two numbers, it result in the other number. If 21 is subtracted from twice the smaller number, it results in
the greater number. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the greater number be x and the smaller be y.
Then, we have:
2x − 45 = y or 2x − y = 45 .... i
2y − 21 = x or −x + 2y = 21 ....ii
On multiplying i by 2, we get:
4x − 2y = 90 ....iii
On adding ii and iii, we get:
3x = 90 + 21 = 111
⇒ x = 37
On substituting x = 37 in i, we get:
2 × 37 − y = 45
⇒ 74 − y = 45
⇒ y = 74 − 45 = 29
Hence, the greater number is 37 and the smaller number is 29.

Question:131
If three times the larger of two numbers is divided by the smaller, we get 4 as the quotient and 8 as the remainder. If five times the smaller is divided
by the larger, we get 3 as the quotient and 5 as the remainder. Find the numbers.
Solution:
We know:
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder

Let the larger number be x and the smaller be y.

Then, we have:
3x = y × 4 + 8 or 3x − 4y = 8 ....i
5y = x × 3 + 5 or −3x + 5y = 5 ....ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
y = 8 + 5 = 13
On substituting y = 13 in i we get:
3x − 4 × 13 = 8
⇒ 3x = 8 + 52 = 60
⇒ x = 20
Hence, the larger number is 20 and the smaller number is 13.

Question:132
If 2 is added to each of two given numbers, their ratio becomes 1 : 2. However, if 4 is subtracted from each of the given numbers, the ratio becomes 5
: 11. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the required numbers be x and y.
Now, we have:
x+2y+2=12
By cross multiplication, we get:
2x + 4 = y + 2
⇒ 2x − y = −2 ....i
Again, we have:
x-4y-4=511
By cross multiplication, we get:
11x − 44 = 5y − 20
⇒ 11x − 5y = 24 ....ii
On multiplying i by 5, we get:
10x − 5y = −10 ....iii
On subtracting iii from ii, we get:
x = 24 + 10 = 34
On substituting x = 34 in i, we get:
2 × 34 − y = −2
⇒ 68 − y = −2
⇒ y = 68 + 2 = 70
Hence, the required numbers are 34 and 70.

Question:133
The difference between two numbers is 14 and the difference between their squares is 448. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the larger number be x and the smaller number be y.
Then, we have:
x − y = 14 or x = 14 + y ....i
x 2 − y 2 = 448 ....ii
On substituting x = 14 + y in ii, we get:
(14 + y)2 − y 2 = 448
⇒ 196 + y 2 + 28y − y 2 = 448
⇒ 196 + 28y = 448
⇒ 28y = 448 − 196 = 252
⇒ y=25228=9
On substituting y = 9 in i, we get:
x = 14 + 9 = 23
Hence, the required numbers are 23 and 9.

Question:134
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. The number obtained by interchanging its digits exceeds the given number by 18. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Required number = (10x + y)
x + y = 12 ....i
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x)
∴ (10y + x) − (10x + y) = 18
⇒ 10y + x − 10x − y = 18
⇒ 9y − 9x = 18
⇒y−x=2 ....ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
2y = 14
⇒y=7
On substituting y = 7 in i, we get:
x + 7 = 12
⇒ x = 12 − 7 = 5
Number = (10x + y) = 10 × 5 + 7 = 50 + 7 = 57
Hence, the required number is 57.

Question:135
A number consisting of two digits is seven times the sum of its digits. When 27 is subtracted from the number, the digits are reversed. Find the
number.
Solution:
Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Required number = (10x + y)
10x + y = 7(x + y)
10x + y = 7x + 7y or 3x − 6y = 0 ....i
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x)
(10x + y) − 27 = 10y + x
⇒ 10x − x + y − 10y = 27
⇒ 9x − 9y = 27
⇒ 9(x − y) = 27
⇒x−y=3 ....ii
On multiplying ii by 6, we get:
6x − 6y = 18 ....iii
On subtracting i from iii, we get:
3x = 18
⇒x=6
On substituting x = 6 in i, we get:
3 × 6 − 6y = 0
⇒ 18 − 6y = 0
⇒ 6y = 18
⇒y=3
Number = (10x + y) = 10 × 6 + 3 = 60 + 3 = 63
Hence, the required number is 63.

Question:136
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 15. The number obtained by interchanging the digits exceeds the given number by 9. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Required number = (10x + y)
x + y = 15 ....i
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x)
∴ (10y + x) − (10x + y) = 9
⇒ 10y + x − 10x − y = 9
⇒ 9y − 9x = 9
⇒y−x=1 ....ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
2y = 16
⇒y=8
On substituting y = 8 in i, we get:
x + 8 = 15
⇒ x = 15 − 8 = 7
Number = (10x + y) = 10 × 7 + 8 = 70 + 8 = 78
Hence, the required number is 78.
Question:137
A two-digit number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of its digits. If 8 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Required number = (10x + y)
∴ 10x + y = 4(x + y) + 3
⇒10x + y = 4x + 4y + 3
⇒ 6x − 3y = 3
⇒ 2x − y = 1 ....i

Again, we have:
10x + y + 18 = 10y + x
⇒ 9x − 9y = −18
⇒ x − y = −2 ....ii
On subtracting ii from i, we get:
x=3
On substituting x = 3 in i, we get:
2×3−y=1
⇒y=6−1=5
Required number = (10x + y) = 10 × 3 + 5 = 30 + 5 = 35
Hence, the required number is 35.

Question:138
A number consists of two digits. When it is divided by the sum of its digits, the quotient is 6 with no remainder. When the number is diminished by 9,
the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Solution:
We know:
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder

Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Required number = (10x + y)
∴ 10x + y = (x + y) × 6 + 0
⇒ 10x − 6x + y − 6y = 0
⇒ 4x − 5y = 0 ....i
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x)
∴ 10x + y − 9 = 10y + x
⇒ 9x − 9y = 9
⇒ 9(x − y) = 9
⇒x−y=1 ....ii
On multiplying ii by 5, we get:
5x − 5y = 5 ....iii
On subtracting i from iii, we get:
x=5
On substituting x = 5 in i, we get:
4 × 5 − 5y = 0
⇒ 20 − 5y = 0
⇒y=4
∴ Number = (10x + y) = 10 × 5 + 4 = 50 + 4 = 54
Hence, the required number is 54.

Question:139
A two-digit number is such that the product of its digit is 35. If 18 is added to the number, the digits interchange their places. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Then, we have:
xy = 35 ....i
Required number = (10x + y)
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x)
∴ (10x + y) + 18 = 10y + x
⇒ 9x − 9y = −18
⇒ 9(y − x) = 18
⇒y−x=2 ....ii

We know:
(y + x)2 − (y − x)2 = 4xy
⇒ y+x=±y-x2+4xy
⇒ y+x=±4+4×35 =±144 =±12
∴ y + x = 12 .....iii (∵ x and y cannot be negative)
On adding ii and iii, we get:
2y = 2 + 12 = 14
⇒y=7
On substituting y = 7 in ii, we get:
7−x=2
⇒x=7−2=5
∴ Number = (10x + y) = 10 × 5 + 7 = 50 + 7 = 57
Hence, the required number is 57.

Question:140
A two-digit number is such that the product of its digit is 18. When 63 is subtracted from the number, the digits interchange their places. Find the
number.
Solution:
Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Then, we have:
xy = 18 ....i
Required number = (10x + y)
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x)
∴ (10x + y) − 63 = 10y + x
⇒ 9x − 9y = 63
⇒ 9(x − y) = 63
⇒x−y=7 ....ii

We know:
(x + y)2 − (x − y)2 = 4xy
⇒ x+y=±x-y2+4xy
⇒x+y=±49+4×18 =±49+72 =±121=±11
∴ x + y = 11 ....iii (∵ x and y cannot be negative)
On adding ii and iii, we get:
2x = 7 + 11 = 18
⇒x=9
On substituting x = 9 in ii, we get:
9−y=7
⇒y=9−7=2
∴ Number = (10x + y) = 10 × 9 + 2 = 90 + 2 = 92
Hence, the required number is 92.

Question:141
The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of its digits
is 121, and the two digits differ by 3. Find the number.
Solution:
Let x be the ones digit and y be the tens digit. Then
Two digit number before reversing = 10y + x
Two digit number after reversing = 10x + y
As per the question
10y+x+10x+y=121⇒11x+11y=121⇒x+y=11 .....i
Since the digits differ by 3, so
x-y=3 ......ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x=14⇒x=7
Putting x = 7 in (i), we get
7+y=11⇒y=4
Changing the role of x and y, x = 4 and y = 7
Hence, the two-digit number is 74 or 47.

Question:142
The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 8. If 3 is added to both of the numerator and the denominator, the fraction becomes 34. Find
the fraction.
Solution:
Let the required fraction be xy.
Then, we have:
x+y=8 ....i
And, x+3y+3=34
⇒ 4(x + 3) = 3(y + 3)
⇒ 4x + 12 = 3y + 9
⇒ 4x − 3y = −3 ....ii
On multiplying i by 3, we get:
3x + 3y = 24 ....iii
On adding ii and iii, we get:
7x = 21
⇒x=3
On substituting x = 3 in i, we get:
3+y=8
⇒y=8−3=5
∴​ ​x = 3 and y = 5
Hence, the required fraction is 35.

Question:143
If 2 is added to the numerator of a fraction, it reduces to 12 and if 1 is subtracted from the denominator, it reduces to 13. Find the fraction.
Solution:
Let the required fraction be xy.
Then, we have:
x+2y=12
⇒ 2(x + 2) = y
⇒ 2x + 4 = y
⇒ 2x − y = −4 .....i

Again, xy-1=13
⇒ 3x = 1(y − 1)
⇒ 3x − y = −1 .....ii
On subtracting i from ii, we get:
x = −1 + 4 = 3
On substituting x = 3 in i, we get:
2 × 3 − y = −4
⇒ 6 − y = −4
⇒ y = 6 + 4 = 10
∴ x = 3 and y = 10
Hence, the required fraction is 310.

Question:144
The denominator of a fraction is greater than its numerator by 11. If 8 is added to both its numerator and denominator, it becomes 34. Find the fraction.
Solution:
Let the required fraction be xy.
Then, we have:
y = x + 11
⇒ y − x = 11 ....i
Again, x+8y+8=34
⇒ 4(x + 8) =3(y + 8)
⇒ 4x + 32 = 3y + 24
⇒ 4x − 3y = −8 ....ii
On multiplying i by 4, we get:
4y − 4x = 44 ....iii
On adding ii and iii, we get:
y = −8 + 44 = 36
On substituting y = 36 in i, we get:
36 − x = 11
⇒ x = 36 − 11 = 25
∴​ ​x = 25 and y = 36
Hence, the required fraction is 2536.

Question:145
Find a fraction which becomes 12 when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and 2 is added to the denominator, and the fraction becomes 13 when 7 is
subtracted from the numerator and 2 is subtracted from the denominator.
Solution:
Let the required fraction be xy.
Then, we have:
x-1y+2=12
⇒ 2(x − 1) = 1(y + 2)
⇒ 2x − 2 = y + 2
⇒ 2x − y = 4 ....i

Again, x-7y-2=13
⇒ 3(x − 7) = 1(y − 2)
⇒ 3x − 21 = y − 2
⇒ 3x − y = 19 ....ii
On subtracting i from ii, we get:
x = 19 − 4 = 15
On substituting x = 15 in i, we get:
2 × 15 − y = 4
⇒ 30 − y = 4
⇒ y = 26
∴​ ​x = 15 and y = 26
Hence, the given fraction is 1526.

Question:146
The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. If the numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they
are in the ratio 2 : 3. Determine the fraction. CBSE 2010
Solution:
Let the fraction be xy.
As per the question
x+y=4+2x⇒y-x=4 .....i
After changing the numerator and denominator
New numerator = x + 3
New denominator = y + 3
Therefore
x+3y+3=23⇒3x+3=2y+3⇒3x+9=2y+6⇒2y-3x=3 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 3 and subtracting (ii), we get
3y-2y=12-3⇒y=9
Now, putting y = 9 in (i), we get
9-x=4⇒x=9-4=5
Hence, the fraction is 59.

Question:147
The sum of two numbers is 16 and the sum of their reciprocals is 13. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the larger number be x and the smaller number be y.
Then, we have:
(x + y) = 16 ....i
And, 1x+1y=13 ....ii
⇒ x+yxy=13
⇒ 3(x + y) = xy
⇒ 3 × 16 = xy [Since from (i), we have: x + y = 16]
∴ xy = 48 ....iii
We know:
(x − y)2 = (x + y)2 − 4xy
(x − y)2 = 162 − 4 × 48 = 256 − 192 = 64
∴ (x − y) = ±64 = ±8
Since x is larger and y is smaller, we have:
x−y=8 .....iv
On adding i and iv, we get:
2x = 24
⇒ x = 12
On substituting x = 12 in i, we get:
12 + y = 16 ⇒ y = 16 − 12 = 4
Hence, the required numbers are 12 and 4.

Question:148
There are two classrooms A and B. If 10 students are sent from A to B, the number of students in each room becomes the same. If 20 students are
sent from B to A, the number of students in A becomes double the number of students in B. Find the number of students in each room.
Solution:
Let the number of students in classroom A be x
Let the number of students in classroom B be y.
If 10 students are transferred from A to B, then we have:
x − 10 = y + 10
⇒ x − y = 20 ...i
If 20 students are transferred from B to A, then we have:
2(y − 20) = x + 20
⇒ 2y − 40 = x + 20
⇒ −x + 2y = 60 ...ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
y = 20 + 60 = 80
On substituting y = 80 in i, we get:
x − 80 = 20
⇒ x = 20 + 80 = 100
Hence, the number of students in classroom A is 100 and the number of students in classroom B is 80.

Question:149
Taxi charges in a city consist of fixed charges and the remaining depending upon the distance
travelled in kilometres. If a man travels 80 km, he pays 1,330, and travelling 90 km, he pays
1,490. Find the fixed charges and rate per km.
Solution:
Let fixed charges be x and rate per km be y.
Then as per the question
x+80y=1330 .....ix+90y=1490 .....ii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
10y=160⇒y=16010=16
Now, putting y = 16, we have
x+80×16=1330⇒x=1330-1280=50
Hence, the fixed charges be 50 and the rate per km is 16.

Question:150
A part of monthly hostel charges in a college hostel are fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days one has taken food in the mess.
When a student A takes food for 25 days, he has to pay 4,500, whereas a student B who takes food for 30 days, he has to pay 5,200. Find the fixed
charges per month and the cost of the food per day.
Solution:
Let the fixed charges be x and the cost of food per day be y.
Then as per the question
x+25y=4500 .....ix+30y=5200 .....ii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
5y=700⇒y=7005=140
Now, putting y = 140, we have
x+25×140=4500⇒x=4500-3500=1000
Hence, the fixed charges is 1000 and the cost of the food per day is 140.

Question:151
A man invested an amount at 10% per annum and another amount at 8% per annum simple interest. Thus, he received 1,350 as annual interest. Had
he interchanged the amounts invested, he would have received 45 less as interest. What amounts did he invest at different rates?
Solution:
Let the the amounts invested at 10% and 8% be x and y respectively.
Then as per the question
x×10×1100+y×8×1100=135010x+8y=135000 .....i
After the amounts interchanged but the rate being the same, we have
x×8×1100+y×10×1100=1350-458x+10y=130500 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii) and dividing by 9, we get
2x+2y=29500 .....iii
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
2x-2y=4500 .....iv
Now, adding (iii) and (iv), we have
4x=34000⇒x=340004=8500
Putting x = 8500 in (iii), we get
2×8500+2y=29500⇒2y=29500-17000=12500⇒y=125002=6250
Hence, the amounts invested are 8,500 at 10% and 6,250 at 8%.

Question:152
The monthly incomes of A and B are in the ratio 5 : 4 and their monthly expenditures are in the ratio 7 : 5. If each saves 9,000 per month, find the
monthly income of each.
Solution:
Let the monthly income of A and B are x and y respectively.
Then as per the question
xy=54⇒y=4x5 .....i
Since each save 9,000, so
Expenditure of A = ​ x-9000
Expenditure of B = ​ y-9000
The ratio of expenditures of A and B are in the ratio 7 : 5.
∴x-9000y-9000=75⇒7y-63000=5x-45000⇒7y-5x=18000 .....ii
From (i), substitute y=4x5 in (ii) to get
7×4x5-5x=18000⇒28x-25x=90000⇒3x=90000⇒x=30000
Now, putting x = 30000, we get
y=4×300005=4×6000=24000
Hence, the monthly incomes of A and B are ​ 30,000 and ​ 24,000.

Question:153
A man sold a chair and a table together for ​ 1,520, thereby making a profit of 25% on chair and 10% on table. By selling them together for ​ 1,535, he
would would have made a profit of 10% on the chair and 25% on the table. Find the cost of each.
Solution:
Let the cost price of the chair and table be x and y respectively.
Then as per the question
Selling price of chair + Selling price of table = 1520
100+25100×x+100+10100×y=1520⇒125100x+110100y=1520⇒25x+22y-30400=0 .....i
When the profit on chair and table are 10% and 25% respectively, then

100+10100×x+100+25100×y=1535⇒110100x+125100y=1535⇒22x+25y-30700=0 .....ii
Solving (i) and (ii) by cross multiplication, we get
x22-30700-25-30400=y-3040022--3070025=12525-2222⇒x7600-6754=y7675-6688=1003×47⇒x846=y987=1003×47⇒x=100×8463×47, y=100×9873×47
⇒x=600, y=700
Hence, the cost of chair and table are ​ 600 and ​ 700 respectively.

Question:154
Points A and B are 70 km apart on a highway. A car starts from A and another car starts from B simultaneously. If they travel in the same direction,
they meet in 7 hours. But, if they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. Find the speed of each car.
Solution:
Let X and Y be the cars starting from points A and B, respectively and let their speeds be x km/h and y km/h, respectively.
Then, we have the following cases:
Case I: When the two cars move in the same direction
In this case, let the two cars meet at point M.
Distance covered by car X in 7 hours = 7x km
Distance covered by car Y in 7 hours = 7y km
∴ AM = (7x) km and BM = (7y) km
⇒ AM − BM = AB
⇒ (7x − 7y) = 70
⇒ 7(x − y) = 70
⇒ (x − y) = 10 ....i

Case II: When the two cars move in opposite directions

In this case, let the two cars meet at point N.

Distance covered by car X in 1 hour = x km

Distance covered by car Y in 1 hour = y km
∴ AN = x km and BN = y km
⇒ AN + BN = AB
⇒ x + y = 70 ....ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
2x = 80
⇒ x = 40
On substituting x = 40 in i, we get:
40 − y = 10
⇒ y = 40 − 10 = 30
Hence, the speed of car X is 40 km/h and the speed of car Y is 30 km/h.

Question:155
A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train had been 5 kmph faster, it would have taken 3 hours less than the scheduled time.
And, If the train were slower by 4 kmph, it would have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the length of the journey.
Solution:
Let the original speed be x kmph and let the time taken to complete the journey be y hours.
∴ Length of the whole journey = (xy) km
Case I:
When the speed is (x + 5) kmph and the time taken is (y − 3) hrs:
Total journey = (x + 5) (y − 3) km
⇒ (x + 5) (y − 3) = xy
⇒ xy + 5y − 3x − 15 = xy
⇒ 5y − 3x = 15 ...i
Case II:
When the speed is (x − 4) kmph and the time taken is (y + 3) hrs:
Total journey = (x − 4) (y + 3) km
⇒ (x − 4) (y + 3) = xy
⇒ xy − 4y + 3x − 12 = xy
⇒ 3x − 4y = 12 ...ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
y = 27
On substituting y = 27 in i, we get:
5 × 27 − 3x = 15
⇒ 135 − 3x = 15
⇒ 3x = 120
⇒ x = 40

∴ Length of the journey = (xy) km = 40 × 27 km = 1080 km

Question:156
Abdul travelled 300 km by train and 200 km by taxi taking 5 hours 30 minutes. But, if he travels 260 km by train and 240 km by taxi, he takes 6
minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the taxi.
Solution:
Let the speed of the train and taxi be x km/h and y km/h respectively.
Then as per the question
3x+2y=11200 .....i
When the speeds of the train and taxi are 260 km and 240 km respectively, then
260x+240y=112+660⇒13x+12y=28100 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 6 and subtracting (ii) from it, we get
18x-13x=66200-28100⇒5x=10200⇒x=100
Putting x = 100 in (i), we have
3100+2y=11200⇒2y=11200-3100=140⇒y=80
Hence, the speed of the train and that of the taxi are 100 km/h and 80 km/h respectively.

Question:157
Places A and B are 160 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another car from B at the same time. If they travel in the same direction ,
they meet in 8 hours. But, if they travel towards each other, they meet in 2 hours. Find the speed of each car.
Solution:
Let the speed of the car A and B be x km/h and y km/h respectively . Let x > y.
Case-1: When they travel in the same direction

From the figure

AC-BC=160⇒x×8-y×8=160⇒x-y=20 .....i
Case-2: When they travel in opposite direction

From the figure

AC+BC=160⇒x×2+y×2=160⇒x+y=80 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x=100⇒x=50 km/h
Putting x = 50 in (ii), we have
50+y=80⇒y=80-50=30 km/h
Hence, the speeds of the cars are 50 km/h and 30 km/h.

Question:158
A sailor goes 8 km downstream in 40 minutes and returns in 1 hour. Find the speed of the sailor in still water and the speed of the current.
Solution:
Let the speed of the sailor in still water be x km/h and that of the current y km/h.
Speed downstream = (x + y) km/h
Speed upstream = (x − y) km/h
As per the question
x+y×4060=8⇒x+y=12 .....i
When the sailor goes upstream, then
x-y×1=8x-y=8 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x=20⇒x=10
Putting x = 10 in (i), we have
10+y=12⇒y=2
Hence, the speeds of the sailor in staill water and the current are 10 km/h and 2 km/h respectively.

Question:159
A boat goes 12 km upstream and 40 km downstream in 8 hours. It can go 16 km upstream in 8 hours. It can go 16 km upstream and 32 km
downstream in the same time. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream.
Solution:
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/h and the speed of the stream be y km/h.
Then, we have:
Speed upstream = (x − y)km/hr
Speed downstream = (x + y) km/hr
Time taken to cover 12 km upstream = 12x-y hrs
Time taken to cover 40 km downstream = 40x+y hrs
Total time taken = 8 hrs
∴ 12x-y + 40x+y = 8 ....i

Again, we have:
Time taken to cover 16 km upstream = 16x-y hrs
Time taken to cover 32 km downstream = 32x+y hrs
Total time taken = 8 hrs

∴ 16x-y + 32x+y = 8 ....ii

Putting 1x-y=u and 1x+y=v in i and ii, we get:
12u + 40v = 8
3u + 10v = 2 ....a
And, 16u + 32v = 8
⇒ 2u + 4v = 1 ....b
On multiplying a by 4 and b by 10, we get:
12u + 40v = 8 ....iii
And, 20u + 40v = 10 ....iv
On subtracting iii from iv, we get:
8u = 2
⇒ u=28=14
On substituting u=14 in iii, we get:
40v = 5
⇒ v=540=18
Now, we have:
u=14
⇒ 1x-y=14⇒x-y=4 ....v
v=18
⇒ 1x+y=18⇒x+y=8 ....vi
On adding v and vi, we get:
2x = 12
⇒x=6
On substituting x = 6 in v, we get:
6−y=4
⇒y=6−4=2
∴ Speed of the boat in still water = 6 km/h
And, speed of the stream = 2 km/h

Question:160
2 men and 5 boys can finish a piece of work in 4 days, while 3 men and 6 boys can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by one man alone to finish
the work and that taken by one boy alone to finish the work.
Solution:
Let us suppose that one man alone can finish the work in x days and one boy alone can finish it in y days.
∴ One man's one day's work = 1x
And, one boy's one day's work = 1y
2 men and 5 boys can finish the work in 4 days.
∴ 2 men's one day's work + 5 boys' one day's work = 14
⇒ 2x+5y=14
⇒ 2u+5v=14 ...i Here, 1x=u and 1y=v
Again, 3 men and 6 boys can finish the work in 3 days.
∴ 3 men's one day's work + 6 boys' one day's work = 13
⇒ 3x+6y=13
⇒ 3u+6v=13 ....ii Here, 1x=u and 1y=v
On multiplying i by 6 and ii by 5, we get:
12u+30v=64 ....iii
15u+30v=53 ....iv
On subtracting iii from iv, we get:
3u=53-64=212=16
⇒ u=16×3=118⇒1x=118⇒x=18
On substituting u=118 in i, we get:
2×118+5v=14⇒5v=14-19=536
⇒ v=536×15=136⇒1y=136⇒y=36
Hence, one man alone can finish the work in 18 days and one boy alone can finish the work in 36 days.

Question:161
The length of a room exceeds its breadth by 3 metres. If the length in increased by 3 metres and the breadth is decreased by 2 metres, the area
remains the same. Find the length and the breadth of the room.
Solution:
Let the length of the room be x metres and the breadth of the room be y metres.
Then, we have:
Area of the room = xy
According to the question, we have:
x=y+3
⇒x−y=3 ....i
And, (x + 3) (y − 2) = xy
⇒ xy − 2x + 3y − 6 = xy
⇒ 3y − 2x = 6 ....ii
On multiplying i by 2, we get:
2x − 2y = 6 ....iii
On adding ii and iii, we get:
y = 6 + 6 = 12
On substituting y = 12 in i, we get:
x − 12 = 3
⇒ x = 3 + 12 =15
Hence, the length of the room is 15 metres and its breadth is 12 metres.

Question:162
The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 8 m 2, when its length is reduced by 5 m and its breadth is increased by 3 m. If we increase the length by 3 m
and breadth by 2 m, the area is increased by 74 m 2. Find the length and the breadth of the rectangle.
Solution:
Let the length and the breadth of the rectangle be x m and y m, respectively.
∴ Area of the rectangle = (xy) sq. m

Case 1: When the length is reduced by 5 m and the breadth is increased by 3 m:

New length = (x − 5) m
New breadth = (y + 3) m
∴ New area = (x − 5) (y + 3) sq. m
∴ xy − (x − 5) (y + 3) = 8
⇒ xy − [xy − 5y + 3x − 15] = 8
⇒ xy − xy + 5y − 3x + 15 = 8
⇒ 3x − 5y = 7 .....i

Case 2: When the length is increased by 3 m and the breadth is increased by 2 m:

New length = (x + 3) m
New breadth = (y + 2) m
∴ New area = (x + 3) (y + 2) sq. m
∴ (x + 3) (y + 2) − xy = 74
⇒ [xy + 3y + 2x + 6] − xy = 74
⇒ 2x + 3y = 68 .....ii
On multiplying i by 3 and ii by 5, we get:
9x − 15y = 21 .....iii
10x + 15y = 340 .....iv
On adding iii and iv, we get:
19x = 361
⇒ x = 19
On substituting x = 19 in iii, we get:
9 × 19 − 15y = 21
⇒ 171 −15y = 21
⇒ 15y = 171 − 21 = 150
⇒ y = 10
Hence, the length is 19 m and the breadth is 10 m.

Question:163
The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 67 square metres, when its length is increased by 3 m and breadth is decreased by 4 m.
If the length is reduced by 1 m and breadth is increased by 4 m, the area is increased by 89 square metres. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Solution:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be x m and y m respectively.
Case1: When length is increased by 3 m and breadth is decreased by 4 m
xy-x+3y-4=67⇒xy-xy+4x-3y+12=67⇒4x-3y=55 .....i
Case2: When length is reduced by 1 m and breadth is increased by 4 m
x-1y+4-xy=89⇒xy+4x-y-4-xy=89⇒4x-y=93 .....ii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
2y=38⇒y=19
Now, putting y = 19 in (ii), we have
4x-19=93⇒4x=93+19=112⇒x=28
Hence, length = 28 m and breadth = 19 m.

Question:164
A railway half ticket costs half the full fare and the reservation charge is the same on half ticket as on full ticket.
One reserved first class ticket from Mumbai to Delhi costs 4,150 while one full and one half reserved first class
tickets cost 6,255. What is the basic first class full fare and what is the reservation charge?
Solution:
Let the the basic first class full fare be x and the reservation charge be y.
Case 1: One reservation first class full ticket cost 4,150
x+y=4150 .....i
Case 2: One full and one half reserved first class tickets cost 6,255
x+y+12x+y=6255⇒3x+4y=12510 .....ii
Substituting y=4150-x from (i) in (ii), we get
3x+44150-x=12510⇒3x-4x+16600=12510⇒x=16600-12510=4090
Now, putting x = 4090 in (i), we have
4090+y=4150⇒y=4150-4090=60
Hence, cost of basic first class full fare = 4,090 and reservation charge = 60.

Question:165
Five years hence, a man's age will be three times the age of his son. Five years ago, the man was seven times as old as his son.
Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the the present age of the man be x years and that of his son be y years.
After 5 years man's age = x + 5
After 5 years ago son's age = y + 5
As per the question
x+5=3y+5⇒x-3y=10 .....i
5 years ago man's age = x − 5
5 years ago son's age = y − 5
As per the question
x-5=7y-5⇒x-7y=-30 .....ii
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we have
4y=40⇒y=10
Putting y = 10 in (i), we get
x-3×10=10⇒x=10+30=40
Hence, man's present age = 40 years and son's present age = 10 years.

Question:166
Two years ago, a man was five times as old as his son. Two years later, his age will be 8 more than three times the ago of the son. Find the present
ages of the man and his son.
Solution:
Let the man's present age be x years.
Let his son's present age be y years.
According to question, we have:
Two years ago:
Age of the man = Five times the age of the son
⇒ (x − 2) = 5(y − 2)
⇒ x − 2 = 5y − 10
⇒ x − 5y = −8 .....i
Two years later:
Age of the man = Three times the age of the son + 8
⇒ (x + 2) = 3(y + 2) + 8
⇒ x + 2 = 3y + 6 + 8
⇒ x − 3y = 12 .....ii
Subtracting i from ii, we get:
2y = 20
⇒ y = 10
On substituting y = 10 in i, we get:
x − 5 × 10 = −8
⇒ x − 50 = −8
⇒ x = −8 + 50 = 42
Hence, the present age of the man is 42 years and the present age of the son is 10 years.

Question:167
If twice the son's age in years is added to the father's age, the sum is 70. But, if twice the father's age is added to the son's age, the sum is 95. Find
the ages of father and son.
Solution:
Let the father's present age be x years.
Let her son's present age be y years.
Then, we have:
x + 2y = 70 ....i
And, 2x + y = 95 ....ii
On multiplying ii by 2, we get:
4x + 2y = 190 ....iii
On subtracting i from iii, we get:
3x = 120
⇒ x = 40
On substituting x = 40 in i, we get:
40 + 2y = 70
⇒ 2y = 70 − 40 = 30
⇒ y = 15
Hence, the father's present age is 40 years and her son's present age is 15 years.

Question:168
The present age of a woman is 3 years more than three times the ages of her daughter. Three years hence, the woman's age will be 10 years more
than twice the age of her daughter. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the woman's present age be x years.
Let her daughter's present age be y years.
Then, we have:
x = 3y + 3
⇒ x − 3y = 3 ....i
After three years, we have:
(x + 3) = 2(y + 3) + 10
⇒ x + 3 = 2y + 6 + 10
⇒ x − 2y = 13 ....ii
Subtracting ii from i, we get:
−y = 3 − 13 = −10
⇒ y = 10
On substituting y = 10 in i, we get:
x − 3 × 10 = 3
⇒ x − 30 = 3
⇒ x = 3 + 30 = 33
Hence, the woman's present age is 33 years and her daughter's present age is 10 years.

Question:169
On selling a tea at 5% loss and a lemon set at 15% gain, a crockery seller gains 7. If he sells the tea set at 5% gain and the
lemon set at 10% gain, he gains 13. Find the actual price of each of the tea set and the lemon set.
Solution:
Let the actual price of the tea and lemon set be x and y respectively.
When gain is 7, then
y100×15-x100×5=7⇒3y-x=140 .....i
When gain is 14, then
y100×5+x100×10=14⇒y+2x=280 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 2 and adding with (ii), we have
7y=280+280⇒y=5607=80
Putting y = 80 in (ii), we get
80+2x=280⇒x=2002=100
Hence, actual price of the tea set and lemon set are 100 and 80 respectively.

Question:170
A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day thereafter.
Mona paid 27 for a book kept for 7 days, while Tanvy paid 21 for the book she kept for 5 days.
Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
Solution:
Let the fixed charge be x and the charge for each extra day be y.
In case of Mona, as per the question
x+4y=27 .....i
In case of Tanvy, as per the question
x+2y=21 .....ii
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
2y=6⇒y=3
Now, putting y = 3 in (ii), we have
x+2×3=21⇒x=21-6=15
Hence, the fixed charge be 15 and the charge for each extra day is 3.

Question:171
A chemist has one solution containing 50% acid and a second one containing 25% acid. How much of each
should be used to make 10 litres of a 40% acid solution?
Solution:
Let x litres and y litres be the amount of acids from 50% and 25% acid solutions respectively.
As per the question
50% of x+25% of y=40% of 10⇒0.50x+0.25y=4 ⇒2x+y=16 .....i
Since, the total volume is 10 litres, so
x+y=10 .....ii
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
x=6
Now, putting x = 6 in (ii), we have
6+y=10⇒y=4
Hence, volume of 50% acid solution = 6 litres and volume of 25% acid solution = 4 litres.

Question:172
A jeweller has bars of 18-carat gold and 12-carat gold. How much of each must be melted together to obtain a
bar of 16-carat gold, weighing 120 g?
Solution:
Let x g and y g be the weight of 18-carat and 12-carat gold respectively.
As per the given condition
18x24+12y24=120×1624⇒3x+2y=320 .....i
And
x+y=120 .....ii
Multiplying (ii) by 2 and subtracting from (i), we get
x=320-240=80
Now, putting x = 80 in (ii), we have
80+y=120⇒y=40
Hence, the required weight of 18-carat and 12-carat gold bars are 80 g and 40 g respectively.

Question:173
90% and 97% pure acid solutions are mixed to obtain 21 litres of 95% pure acid solution.
Find the quantity of each type of acids to be mixed to form the mixture.
Solution:
Let x litres and y litres be respectively the amount of 90% and 97% pure acid solutions.
As per the given condition
0.90x+0.97y=21×0.95⇒0.90x+0.97y=21×0.95 .....i
And
x+y=21 .....ii
From (ii), subtitute y=21-x in (i) to get
0.90x+0.9721-x=21×0.95⇒0.90x+0.97×21-0.97x=21×0.95⇒0.07x=0.97×21-21×0.95⇒x=21×0.020.07=6
Now, putting x = 6 in (ii), we have
6+y=21⇒y=15
Hence, the required quantities are 6 litres and 15 litres.

Question:174
The larger of the two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18∘. Find them.
Solution:
Let x and y be the supplementary angles, where x > y.
As per the given condition
x+y=180∘ .....i
And
x-y=18∘ .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x=198∘⇒x=99∘
Now, substituting x=99∘ in (ii), we have
99∘-y=18∘⇒x=99∘-18∘=81∘
Hence, the required angles are 99∘ and 81∘.

Question:175
In ΔABC, ∠A=x∘, ∠B=3x-2∘, ∠C=y∘ and ∠C-∠B=9∘. Find the three angles.
Solution:
∵∠C-∠B=9∘∴y∘-3x-2∘=9∘⇒y∘-3x∘+2∘=9∘⇒y∘-3x∘=7∘ .....i
The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180∘, therefore
∠A+∠B+∠C=180∘⇒x∘+3x-2∘+y∘=180∘⇒4x∘+y∘=182∘ .....ii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have
7x∘=182∘-7∘=175∘⇒x∘=25∘
Now, substituting x∘=25∘ in (i), we have
y∘=3x∘+7∘=3×25∘+7∘=82∘
Thus
∠A=x∘=25∘∠B=3x-2∘=75∘-2∘=73∘∠C=y∘=82∘
Hence, the angles are 25∘, 73∘ and 82∘.

Question:176
In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, it is given that ∠A=2x+4∘, ∠B=y+3∘, ∠C=2y+10∘ and ∠D=4x-5∘ .
Find the four angles.
Solution:
The opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary, so
∠A+∠C=180∘⇒2x+4∘+2y+10∘=180∘⇒x+y=83∘ .....i
And
∠B+∠D=180∘⇒y+3∘+4x-5∘=180∘⇒4x+y=182∘ .....ii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have
3x=99⇒x=33∘
Now, substituting x=33∘ in (i), we have
33∘+y=83∘⇒y=83∘-33∘=50∘
Therefore
∠A=2x+4∘=2×33+4∘=70∘∠B=y+3∘=50+3∘=53∘∠C=2y+10∘=2×50+10∘=110∘∠D=4x-5∘=4×33-5∘=132°-5∘=127∘
Hence, ∠A=70∘, ∠B=53∘, ∠C=110∘ and ∠D=127∘.

Question:177
Write the number of solutions of the following pair of linear equations:
x+2y-8=0, 2x+4y=16
Solution:
The given equations are
x+2y-8=0 .....i2x+4y-16=0 .....ii
Which is of the form a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0, where a1=1, b1=2, c1=-8, a2=2, b2=4 and c2=-18
Now
a1a2=12b1b2=24=12c1c2=-8-16=12
⇒a1a2=b1b2=c1c2=12
Thus, the pair of linear equations are coincident and therefore has infinitely many solutions.

Question:178
Find the value of k for which the following pair of linear equations have infinitely many solutions:
2x+3y=7, k-1x+k+2y=3k
Solution:
The given equations are
2x+3y-7=0 .....ik-1x+k+2y-3k=0 .....ii
Which is of the form a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0, where a1=2, b1=3, c1=-7, a2=k-1, b2=k+2 and c2=-3k
For the given pair of linear equations to have infinitely many solutions, we must have
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2⇒2k-1=3k+2=-7-3k⇒2k-1=3k+2, 3k+2=-7-3k and 2k-1=-7-3k⇒2k+2=3k-1, 9k=7k+14 and 6k=7k-7
⇒k=7, k=7 and k=7
Hence, k = 7.

Question:179
For what value of k does the following pair of linear equations have infinitely many solutions?:
10x+5y-k-5=0, 20x+10y-k=0
Solution:
The given pair of linear equations are
10x+5y-k-5=0 .....i20x+10y-k=0 .....ii
Which is of the form a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0, where a1=10, b1=5, c1=-k-5, a2=20, b2=10 and c2=-k
For the given pair of linear equations to have infinitely many solutions, we must have
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2⇒1020=510=-k-5-k⇒12=k-5k⇒2k-10=k⇒k=10
Hence, k = 10.
Question:180
For what value of k will the following pair of linear equations have no solution?:
2x+3y=9, 6x+k-2y=3k-2
Solution:
The given pair of linear equations are
2x+3y-9=0 .....i6x+k-2y-3k-2=0 .....ii
Which is of the form a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0, where a1=2, b1=3, c1=-9, a2=6, b2=k-2 and c2=-3k-2
For the given pair of linear equations to have no solution, we must have
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2⇒26=3k-2≠-9-3k-2⇒26=3k-2, 3k-2≠-9-3k-2⇒k=11, 3k-2≠93k-2
⇒k=11, 33k-2≠9k-2⇒k=11, 1≠3 true
Hence, k = 11.

Question:181
Write the number of solutions of the following pair of linear equations:
x+3y-4=0, 2x+6y-7=0
Solution:
The given pair of linear equations are
x+3y-4=0 .....i2x+6y-7=0 .....ii
Which is of the form a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0, where a1=1, b1=3, c1=-4, a2=2, b2=6 and c2=-7
Now
a1a2=12b1b2=36=12c1c2=-4-7=47⇒a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
Thus, the pair of the given linear equations has no solution.

Question:182
Write the value of k for which the system of equations 3x+ky=0, 2x-y=0 has a unique solution.
Solution:
The given pair of linear equations is
3x+ky=0 .....i2x-y=0 .....ii
Which is of the form a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0, where a1=3, b1=k, c1=0, a2=2, b2=-1 and c2=0
For the system to have a unique solution, we must have
a1a2=b1b2⇒32≠k-1⇒k≠-32
Hence, k≠-32.

Question:183
The difference between two numbers is 5 and the difference between their squares is 65. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the numbers be x and y, where x > y.
Then as per the question
x-y=5 .....ix2-y2=65 .....ii
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get
x2-y2x-y=655⇒x-yx+yx-y=13⇒x+y=13 .....iii
Now, adding (i) and (ii), we have
2x=18⇒x=9
Substituting x = 9 in (iii), we have
9+y=13⇒y=4
Hence, the numbers are 9 and 4.

Question:184
The cost of 5 pens and 8 pencils is 120, while the cost of 8 pens and 5 pencils is 153.
Find the cost of 1 pen and that of 1 pencil.
Solution:
Let the cost of 1 pen and 1 pencil are x and y respectively.
Then as per the question
5x+8y=120 .....i8x+5y=153 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
13x+13y=273⇒x+y=21 .....iii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
3x-3y=33⇒x-y=11 .....iv
Now, adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2x=32⇒x=16
Substituting x = 16 in (iii), we have
16+y=21⇒y=5
Hence, the cost of 1 pen and 1 pencil are respectively 16 and 5.

Question:185
The sum of two numbers is 80. The larger number exceeds four times the
smaller one by 5. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the larger number be x and the smaller number be y.
Then as per the question
x+y=80 .....ix=4y+5x-4y=5 .....ii
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
5y=75⇒y=15
Now, putting y = 15 in (i), we have
x+15=80⇒x=65
Hence, the numbers are 65 and 15.

Question:186
A number consists of two digits whose sum is 10. If 18 is subtracted from the number, its
digits are reversed. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the ones digit and tens digit be x and y respectively.
Then as per the question
x+y=10 .....i10y+x-18=10x+yx-y=-2 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x=8⇒x=4
Now, putting x = 4 in (i), we have
4+y=10⇒y=6
Hence, the number is 64.

Question:187
A man purchased 47 stamps of 20 p and 25 p for 10. Find the number of each type of stamps.
Solution:
Let the number of stamps of 20 p and 25 p be x and y respectively.
As per the question
x+y=47 .....i0.20x+0.25y=104x+5y=200 .....ii
From (i), we get
y=47-x
Now, substituting y=47-x in (ii), we have
4x+547-x=200⇒4x-5x+235=200⇒x=235-200=35
Putting x = 35 in (i), we get
35+y=47⇒y=47-35=12
Hence, the number of 20 p stamps and 25 p stamps are 35 and 12 respectively.

Question:188
A man has some hens and cows. If the number of heads be 48 and the number of feet
be 140, how many cows are there?
Solution:
Let the number of hens and cow be x and y respectively.
As per the question
x+y=48 .....i2x+4y=140x+2y=70 .....ii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have
y=22
Hence, the number of cows is 22.

Question:189
If 2x+3y=9xy and 4x+9y=21xy, find the values of x and y.
Solution:
The given pair of equation is
2x+3y=9xy .....i4x+9y=21xy .....ii
Multiplying (i) and (ii) by xy, we have
3x+2y=9 .....iii9x+4y=21 .....iv
Now, multiplying (iii) by 2 and subtracting from (iv), we get
9x-6x=21-18⇒x=33=1
Putting x = 1 in (iii), we have
3×1+2y=9⇒y=9-32=3
Hence, x = 1 and y = 3.

Question:190
If x4+y3=512 and x2+y=1, then find the value of (x + y).
Solution:
The given pair of equations is
x4+y3=512 .....ix2+y=1 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 12 and (ii) by 4, we get
3x+4y=5 .....iii2x+4y=4 .....iv
Now, subtracting (iv) from (iii), we get
x=1
Putting x = 1 in (iv), we have
2+4y=4⇒4y=2⇒y=12
∴x+y=1+12=32
Hence, the value of x + y is 32.
Question:191
If 12x+17y=53 and 17x+12y=63, then find the value of (x + y).
Solution:
The given pair of equations is
12x+17y=53 .....i17x+12y=63 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
29x+29y=116⇒x+y=4 Dividing by 4
Hence, the value of x + y is 4.

Question:192
Find the value of k for which the system 3x + 5y = 0 and kx + 10y = 0 has a nonzero solution.
Solution:
The given system is
3x+5y=0 .....ikx+10y=0 .....ii
This is a homogeneous system of linear differential equation, so it always has a zero
solution i.e., x = y = 0.
But to have a nonzero solution, it must have infinitely many solutions.
For this, we have
a1a2=b1b2⇒3k=510=12⇒k=6
Hence, k = 6.

Question:193
Find k for which the system kx − y = 2 and 6x − 2y = 3 has a unique solution.
Solution:
The given system is
kx-y-2=0 .....i6x-2y-3=0 .....ii
Here, a1=k, b1=-1, c1=-2. a2=6, b2=-2 and c2=-3.
For the system, to have a unique solution, we must have
a1a2≠b1b2⇒k6≠-1-2=12⇒k≠3
Hence, k≠3.

Question:194
Find k for which the system 2x + 3y − 5 = 0 and 4x + ky − 10 = 0 has an infinite number of solutions.
Solution:
The given system is
2x+3y-5=0 .....i4x+ky-10=0 .....ii
Here, a1=2, b1=3, c1=-5. a2=4, b2=k and c2=-10.
For the system, to have an infinite number of solutions, we must have
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2⇒24=3k=-5-10⇒12=3k=12⇒k=6
Hence, k = 6.

Question:195
Show that the system 2x + 3y − 1 = 0, 4x + 6y − 4 = 0 has no solution.
Solution:
The given system is
2x+3y-1=0 .....i4x+6y-4=0 .....ii
Here, a1=2, b1=3, c1=-1. a2=4, b2=6 and c2=-4.
Now,
a1a2=24=12b1b2=36=12c1c2=-1-4=14
Thus, a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2 and therefor the given system has no solution.

Question:196
Find k for which the system x + 2y = 3 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 is inconsistent.
Solution:
The given system is
x+2y-3=0 .....i5x+ky+7=0 .....ii
Here, a1=1, b1=2, c1=-3, a2=5, b2=k and c2=7.
For the system to be inconsistent, we must have
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2⇒15=2k≠-37⇒15=2k ⇒k=10
Hence, k = 10.

Question:197
Solve: 3x+y+2x-y=2 and 9x+y-4x-y=1.
Solution:
The given system of equations is
3x+y+2x-y=2 .....i9x+y-4x-y=1 .....ii
Substituting 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v in (i) and (ii), the given equations are changed to
3u+2v=2 .....iii9u-4v=1 .....iv
Multiplying (i) by 2 and adding it with (ii), we get
15u=4+1⇒u=13
Multiplying (i) by 3 and subtracting (ii) from it, we get
6v+4v=6-1⇒u=510=12
Therefore
x+y=3 .....vx-y=2 .....vi
Now, adding (v) and (vi) we have
2x=5⇒x=52
Substituting x=52 in (v), we have
52+y=3⇒y=3-52=12
Hence, x=52 and y=12.

Question:198
If 2x + 3y = 12 and 3x − 2y = 5 then
a x = 2, y = 3 b x = 2, y = − 3 c x = 3, y = 2 d x = 3, y = − 2
Solution:
The given system of equations is
2x+3y=12 .....i3x-2y=5 .....ii
Multiplying (i) by 2 and (ii) by 3 and then adding, we get
4x+9x=24+15⇒x=3913=3
Now, putting x = 3 in (i), we have
2×3+3y=12⇒y=12-63=2
Thus, x = 3 and y = 2.
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:199
If x-y=2 and 2x+y=15 then
a x = 4, y = 2 b x = 5, y = 3 c x = 6, y = 4 d x = 7, y = 5
Solution:
The given system of equations is
x-y=2 .....ix+y=10 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x=12⇒x=6
Now, putting x = 6 in (ii), we have
6+y=10⇒y=10-6=4
Thus, x = 6 and y = 4.
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:200
If 2x3-y2+16=0 and x2+2y3=3 then
a x = 2, y = 3 b x = − 2, y = 3 c x = 2, y = − 3 d x = − 2, y = − 3
Solution:
The given system of equations is
2x3-y2=-16 .....ix2+2y3=3 .....ii
Multiplying (i) and (ii) by 6, we get
4x-3y=-1 .....iii3x+4y=18 .....iv
Multiplying (iii) by 4 and (iv) by 3 and adding, we get
16x+9x=-4+54⇒x=5025=2
Now, putting x = 2 in (iv), we have
3×2+4y=18⇒y=18-64=3
Thus, x = 2 and y = 3.
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:201
If 1x+2y=4 and 3y-1x=11 then
a x = 2, y = 3 b x = − 2, y = 3 c x=-12,y=3 d x=-12,y=13
Solution:
The given system of equations is
1x+2y=4 .....i3y-1x=11 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2y+3y=15⇒5y=15⇒y=515=13
Now, putting y=13 in (i), we have
1x+2×3=4⇒1x=4-6⇒x=-12
Thus, x=-12,y=13.
Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Question:202
If 2x+y+25=3x-y+13=3x+2y+16 then
a x = 1, y = 1 b x = − 1, y = − 1 c x = 1, y = 2 d x = 2, y = 1
Solution:
Consider 2x+y+25=3x-y+13 and 3x-y+13=3x+2y+16. Now, simplifying these equations, we get
32x+y+2=53x-y+1⇒6x+3y+6=15x-5y+5⇒9x-8y=1 .....i
And
63x-y+1=33x+2y+1⇒18x-6y+6=9x+6y+3⇒3x-4y=-1 .....ii
Multiplying (ii) by 2 and subtracting it from (i)
9x-6x=1+2⇒x=1
Now, putting x = 1 in (ii), we have
3×1-4y=-1⇒y=3+14=1
Thus, x = 1, y = 1.
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:203
If 3x+y+2x-y=2 and 9x+y-4x-y=1 then
a x=12, y=32 b x=52, y=12 c x=32, y=12 d x=12, y=52
Solution:
The given equations are
3x+y+2x-y=2 .....i9x+y-4x-y=1 .....ii
Substituting 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v in (i) and (ii), the new system becomes
3u+2v=2 .....iii9u-4v=1 .....iv
Now, multiplying (iii) by 2 and adding it with (iv), we get
6u+9u=4+1⇒u=515=13
Again, multiplying (iii) by 3 and subtracting (iv) from it, we get
6v+4v=6-1⇒v=510=12
Therefore
x+y=3 .....vx-y=2 .....vi
Adding (v) and (vi), we get
2x=3+2⇒x=52
Substituting x=52, in (v), we have
52+y=3⇒y=3-52=12
Thus, x=52 and y=12.
Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Question:204
If 4x+6y=3xy and 8x+9y=5xy then
a x = 2, y = 3 b x = 1, y = 2 c x = 3, y = 4 d x = 1, y = − 1
Solution:
The given equations are
4x+6y=3xy .....i8x+9y=5xy .....ii
Dividing (i) and (ii) by xy, we get
6x+4y=3 .....iii9x+8y=5 .....iv
Multiplying (iii) by 2 and subtracting (iv) from it, we get
12x-9x=6-5⇒3x=1⇒x=3
Substituting x = 3 in (iii), we get
63+4y=3⇒4y=1⇒y=4
Thus, x = 3 and y = 4.
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:205
If 29x+37y=103 and 37x+29y=95 then
a x = 1, y = 2 b x = 2, y = 1 c x = 3, y = 2 d x = 2, y = 3
Solution:
The given equations are
29x+37y=103 .....i37x+29y=95 .....ii
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
66x+66y=198⇒x+y=3 .....iii
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
8x-8y=-8⇒x-y=-1 .....iv
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2x=2⇒x=1
Substituting x = 1 in (iii), we have
1+y=3⇒y=2
Thus, x = 1 and y = 2.
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:206
If 2x+y=2x-y=8 then the value of y is
a 12 b 32 c0 d none of these
Solution:
∵2x+y=2x-y=8∴x+y=x-y⇒y=0
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:207
If 2x+3y=6 and 1x+12y=2 then
a x=1, y=23 b x=23, y=1 c x=1, y=32 d x=32, y=1
Solution:
The given equations are
2x+3y=6 .....i1x+12y=2 .....ii
Multiplying (ii) by 2 and subtracting it from (ii), we get
3y-1y=6-4⇒2y=2⇒y=1
Substituting y = 1 in (ii), we get
1x+12=2⇒1x=2-12=32⇒x=23
Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Question:208
The system kx-y=2 and 6x-2y=3 has a unique solution only when
ak=0 b k≠0 ck=3 d k≠3
Solution:
The given equations are
kx-y-2=0 .....i6x-2y-3=0 .....ii
Here, a1=k, b1=-1, c1=-2, a2=6, b2=-2 and c2=-3.
For the given system to have a unique solution, we must have
a1a2≠b1b2⇒k6≠-1-2⇒k≠3
Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Question:209
The system x-2y=3 and 3x+ky=1 has a unique solution only when

a k = −6
b k ≠ −6
ck=0
dk≠0
Solution:
The correct option is b.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

x − 2y − 3 = 0 and 3x + ky − 1 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = −2, c 1 = −3 and a2 = 3, b2 = k and c 2 = −1
∴ a1a2=13,b1b2=-2k and c1c2=-3-1=3
These graph lines will intersect at a unique point when we have:
a1a2≠b1b2 ⇒ 13≠-2k⇒k≠-6
Hence, k has all real values other than −6.

Question:210
The system x+2y=3 and 5x+ky+7=0 has no solution, when

a k = 10
b k≠10
c k=-73
d k = −21
Solution:
The correct option is a.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

x + 2y − 3 = 0 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 2, c 1 = −3 and a2 = 5, b2 = k and c 2 = 7
∴ a1a2=15,b1b2=2kandc1c2=-37
For the system of equations to have no solution, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
∴ 15=2k≠-37⇒k=10

Question:211
If the lines given by 3x+2ky=2 and 2x+5y+1=0 are parallel, then the value of k is

a -54
b 25
c 32
d 154
Solution:
The correct option is d.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

3x + 2ky − 2 = 0 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = 2k, c 1 = −2 and a2 = 2, b2 = 5 and c 2 = 1
∴ a1a2=32,b1b2=2k5 and c1c2=-21
For parallel lines, we have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
∴ 32=2k5≠-21
⇒ k=154

Question:212
For what value of k do the equations kx-2y=3 and 3x+y=5 represent two lines intersecting at a unique point?

ak=3
b k = −3
ck=6
d all real values except −6
Solution:
The correct option is d.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

kx − 2y − 3 = 0 and 3x + y − 5 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = k, b1 = −2, c 1 = −3 and a2 = 3, b2 = 1 and c 2 = −5
∴ a1a2=k3,b1b2=-21andc1c2=-3-5=35
Thus, for these graph lines to intersect at a unique point, we must have:
a1a2≠b1b2
⇒ k3≠-21⇒k≠-6
Hence, the graph lines will intersect at all real values of k except −6.

Question:213
The pair of equations x+2y+5=0 and -3x-6y+1=0 has

a a unique solutions
b exactly two solutions
c infinitely many solutions
d no solution
Solution:
The correct option is d.

The given system of equations can be written as:

x + 2y + 5 = 0 and −3x − 6y + 1 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 2, c 1 = 5 and a2 = −3, b2 = −6 and c 2 = 1
∴ a1a2=1-3,b1b2=2-6=1-3andc1c2=51
∴ a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
Hence, the given system has no solution.

Question:214
The pair of equations 2x+3y=5 and 4x+6y=15 has

a a unique solution
b exactly two solutions
c infinitely many solutions
d no solution
Solution:
The correct option is d.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

2x + 3y − 5 = 0 and 4x + 6y − 15 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c 1 = −5 and a2 = 4, b2 = 6 and c 2 = −15
∴ a1a2=24=12,b1b2=36=12andc1c2=-5-15=13
∴ ​a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
Hence, the given system has no solution.

Question:215
If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then their graph lines will be

a parallel
b always coincident
c always intersecting
d intersecting or coincident
Solution:
The correct option is d.

If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the two graph lines either intersect at a point or coincide.

Question:216
If a pair of linear equations is inconsistent, then their graph lines will be

a parallel
b always coincident
c always intersecting
d intersecting or coincident
Solution:
The correct option is a.

If a pair of linear equations in two variables is inconsistent, then no solution exists as they have no common point. And, since there is no common
solution, their graph lines do not intersect. Hence, they are parallel.

Question:217
In a ΔABC, ∠C=3∠B=2(∠A+∠B), then ∠B=?
a 20°
b 40°
c 60°
d 80°
Solution:
The correct option is b.

Let ∠A=x° and ∠B=y°

∴ ∠C=3∠B=3y°
Now, ∠A+∠B+∠C=180°
⇒ x + y + 3y = 180
⇒ x + 4y = 180 ...i
Also, ∠C=2∠A+∠B
⇒ 3y = 2(x + y)
⇒ 2x − y = 0 ...ii
On multiplying ii by 4, we get:
8x − 4y = 0 ...iii
On adding i and iii we get:
9x = 180 ⇒ x = 20
On substituting x = 20 in i, we get:
20 + 4y = 180 ⇒ 4y = 180 − 20 = 160 ⇒ y = 40
∴ x = 20 and y = 40
∴​ ∠B=y°=40°

Question:218
In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, it is being given that ∠A=(x+y+10)°,∠B=(y+20)°,∠C=(x+y-30)° and ∠D=(x+y)°. Then,∠B=?
a 70°
b 80°
c 100°
d 110°
Solution:
The correct option is b.
In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD:
∠A=x+y+10°
∠B=y+20°
∠C=x+y-30°
∠D=x+y°
We have:
∠A+∠C=180° and ∠B+∠D=180° [Since ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral]
Now, ∠A+∠C=x+y+10°+x+y-30°=180°
⇒ 2x + 2y − 20 = 180
⇒ x + y − 10 = 90
⇒ x + y = 100 ....i
Also, ∠B+∠D=y+20°+x+y°=180°
⇒ x + 2y + 20 = 180
⇒ x + 2y = 160 ....ii
On subtracting i from ii, we get:
y = 160 − 100 = 60
On substituting y = 60 in i, we get:
x + 60 = 100 ⇒ x = 100 − 60 = 40
∴​ ∠B=y+20°=60+20°=80°
Question:219
The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 15. The number obtained by interchanging the digits exceeds the given number by 9. The number is

a 96
b 69
c 87
d 78
Solution:
The correct option is d.

Let the tens and the units digits of the required number be x and y​, respectively.
Required number = (10x + y)
According to the question, we have:
x + y = 15 ....i
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x)
∴ (10y + x) = (10x + y) + 9
⇒ 10y + x − 10x − y = 9
⇒ 9y − 9x = 9
⇒y−x=1 ....ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
2y = 16 ⇒ y = 8
On substituting y = 8 in i, we get:
x + 8 = 15 ⇒ x = 15 − 8 = 7
Number = (10x + y) = 10 × 7 + 8 = 70 + 8 = 78
Hence, the required number is 78.

Question:220
In a given fraction, if 1 is subtracted from the numerator and 2 is added to the denominator, it becomes 12. If 7 is subtracted from the numerator and 2
is subtracted from the denominator, it becomes 13. The fraction is
a 1324

b 1526

c 1627

d 1621
Solution:
Let the fraction be xy
It is given that x-1y+2=12
⇒2x-2=y+2⇒2x-y=4 .....(i)
Also, x-7y-2=13
⇒3x-21=y-2⇒3x-y=19 .....(ii)
Subtract ii from i, we get
x=15
Put the value of x in equation i, we get;
2(15)-y=430-y=4⇒y=30-4=26
Therefore, the fraction is xy=1526
Hence, the correct answer is option b

Question:221
5 years hence, the age of a man shall be 3 times the age of his son while 5 years earlier the age of the man was 7 times the age of his son. The
present age of the man is
a 45 years
b 50 years
c 47 years
d 40 years
Solution:
The correct option is d.
Let the man's present age be x years.
Let his son's present age be y years.
Five years later:
(x + 5) = 3(y + 5)
⇒ x + 5 = 3y + 15
⇒ x − 3y = 10 ....i
Five years ago:
(x − 5) = 7(y − 5)
⇒ x − 5 = 7y − 35
⇒ x − 7y = −30 ....ii
On subtracting i from ii, we get:
−4y = −40 ⇒ y = 10
On substituting y = 10 in i, we get:
x − 3 × 10 = 10 ⇒ x − 30 = 10 ⇒ x = 10 + 30 = 40 years
Hence, the man's present age is 40 years.
Question:222
The graphs of the equations 6x-2y+9=0 and 3x-y+12=0 are two lines which are

a coincident
b parallel
c intersecting exactly at one point
d perpendicular to each other
Solution:
The correct option is b.

The given equations are as follows:

6x-2y+9=0 and 3x-y+12=0
They are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 6, b1 = −2, c 1 = 9 and a2 = 3, b2 = −1 and c 2 = 12
∴ a1a2=63=21,b1b2=-2-1=21 and c1c2=912=34
∴ a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
The given system has no solution.
Hence, the lines are parallel.

Question:223
The graphs of the equations 2x+3y-2=0 and x-2y-8=0 are two which are

a coincident
b parallel
c intersecting exactly at one point
d perpendicular to each other
Solution:
The correct option is c.

The given equations are as follows:

2x+3y-2=0 and x-2y-8=0
They are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c 1 = −2 and a2 = 1, b2 = −2 and c 2 = −8
∴ a1a2=21,b1b2=3-2andc1c2=-2-8=14
∴ a1a2≠b1b2
The given system has a unique solution.
Hence, the lines intersect exactly at one point.

Question:224
The graphs of the equations 5x-15y=8 and 3x-9y=245 are two which are
a coincident
b parallel
c intersecting exactly at one point
d perpendicular to each other
Solution:
The correct option is a.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

5x-15y-8=0 and 3x-9y-245=0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 5, b1 = −15, c 1 = −8 and a2 = 3, b2 = −9 and c 2 = -245
∴ a1a2=53,b1b2=-15-9=53 and c1c2=-8×5-24=53
∴ a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
The given system of equations will have an infinite number of solutions.
Hence, the lines are coincident.

Question:225
The graphic representation of the equations x+2y=3 and 2x+4y+7=0 gives a pair of
a parallel lines
b intersecting lines
c coincident lines
d none of these
Solution:
The correct option is a.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

x + 2y − 3 = 0 and 2x + 4y + 7 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 2, c 1 = −3 and a2 = 2, b2 = 4 and c 2 = 7
∴ a1a2=12,b1b2=24=12andc1c2=-37
∴ a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
So, the given system has no solution.
Hence, the lines are parallel.

Question:226
If 2x-3y=7 and (a+b)x-(a+b-3)y=4a+b have an infinite number of solutions, then
a a = 5, b = 1
b a = −5, b = 1
c a = 5, b = −1
d a = −5, b = −1
Solution:
The correct option is d.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

2x − 3y − 7 = 0 and (a + b)x − (a + b − 3)y − (4a + b) = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = −3, c 1 = −7 and a2 = (a + b), b2 = −(a + b − 3) and c 2 = −(4a + b)
∴ a1a2=2a+b,b1b2=-3-a+b-3=3a+b-3 and c1c2=-7-4a+b=74a+b
For an infinite number of solutions, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
∴ 2a+b=3a+b-3=74a+b
Now, we have:
2a+b=3a+b-3⇒2a+2b-6=3a+3b
⇒a+b+6=0 ...i
Again, we have:
3a+b-3=74a+b⇒12a+3b=7a+7b-21
⇒ 5a − 4b + 21 = 0 ...ii

On multiplying i by 4, we get:
4a + 4b + 24 = 0 ...iii
On adding ii and iii, we get:
9a = −45 ⇒ a = −5
On substituting a = −5 in i, we get:
−5 + b + 6 = 0 ⇒ b = −1
∴ ​a = −5 and b = −1

Question:227
The pair of equations 2x+y=5, 3x+2y=8 has
a a unique solution
b two solutions
c no solution
d infinitely many solutions
Solution:
The correct option is a.

The given system of equations can be written as follows:

2x + y − 5 = 0 and 3x + 2y − 8 = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c 1 = −5 and a2 = 3, b2 = 2 and c 2 = −8
∴ a1a2=23,b1b2=12 and c1c2=-5-8=58
∴ a1a2≠b1b2
The given system has a unique solution.
Hence, the lines intersect at one point.

Question:228
If x = −y and y > 0, which of the following is wrong?
a x2y>0
b x+y=0
c xy<0
d 1x-1y=0
Solution:
The correct option is d.

Given:
x = −y and y > 0
Now, we have:
i x 2y
On substituting x = −y, we get:
(−y)2y = y 3 > 0 (∵ y > 0)
This is true.

ii x + y
On substituting x = −y, we get:
(−y) + y = 0
This is also true.

iii xy
On substituting x = −y, we get:
(−y) y = −y 2 < 0 (∵ y > 0)
This is again true.

iv 1x-1y=0
⇒y-xxy=0
On substituting x = −y, we get:
y--y-yy=0⇒2y-y2=0⇒2y=0⇒y=0
Hence, from the above equation, we get y = 0, which is wrong.

Question:229
Show that the system of equations -x+2y+2=0 and 12x-14y-1=0 has a unique solution.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
-x+2y+2=0 and 12x-14y-1=0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = −1, b1 = 2, c 1 = 2 and a2 = 12, b2 = -14 and c 2 = −1
∴ a1a2=-112=-2,b1b2=2-14=-8 and c1c2=2-1=-2
∴ a1a2≠b1b2
The given system has a unique solution.
Hence, the lines intersect at one point.

Question:230
For what values of k is the system of equations kx+3y=k-2, 12x+ky=k inconsistent?
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as follows:
kx + 3y − (k − 2) = 0 and 12x + ky − k = 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = k, b1 = 3, c 1 = − (k − 2) and a2 = 12, b2 = k and c 2 = − k
∴ a1a2=k12,b1b2=3k andc1c2=-k-2-k=k-2k
For inconsistency, we must have:
a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
⇒ k12=3k≠k-2k⇒k2=3×12=36
⇒ k=36=±6
Hence, the pair of equations is inconsistent if k=±6.

Question:231
Show that the equations 9x-10y=21,3x2-5y3=72 have infinitely many solutions.
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as follows:
9x-10y-21=0 and 3x2-5y3-72=0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 9, b1 = −10, c 1 = −21 and a2 = 32, b2 = -53 and c 2 = -72
∴ a1a2=932=6, b1b2=-10-53=6 and c1c2=-21×2-7=6
∴ a1a2=b1b2=c1c2
This shows that the given system equations has an infinite number of solutions.

Question:232
Solve the system of equations: x-2y=0, 3x+4y=20
Solution:
The given equations are as follows:
x − 2y = 0 ....i
3x + 4y = 20 ....ii
On multiplying i by 2, we get:
2x − 4y = 0 ....iii
On adding ii and iii, we get:
5x = 20 ⇒ x = 4
On substituting x = 4 in i, we get:
4 − 2y = 0 ⇒ 4 = 2y ⇒ y = 2
Hence, the required solution is x = 4 and y = 2.

Question:233
Show that the paths represented by the equations x-3y=2 and -2x+6y=5 are parallel.
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written as follows:
x − 3y − 2 = 0 and −2x + 6y − 5= 0
The given equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = −3, c 1 = −2 and a2 = −2, b2 = 6 and c 2 = −5
∴ a1a2=1-2=-12,b1b2=-36=-12andc1c2=-2-5=25
∴ ​a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
Thus, the given system of equations has no solution.
Hence, the paths represented by the equations are parallel.

Question:234
The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the larger number be x and the smaller number be y.
Then, we have:
x − y = 26 ...i
x = 3y ...ii
On substituting x = 3y in i, we get:
3y − y = 26 ⇒ 2y = 26 ⇒ y = 13
On substituting y = 13 in i, we get:
x − 13 = 26 ⇒ x = 26 + 13 = 39
Hence, the required numbers are 39 and 13.

Question:235
Solve: 23x+29y=98, 29x+23y=110
Solution:
The given equations are as follows:
23x + 29y = 98 ....i
29x + 23y = 110 ....ii
On adding i and ii, we get:
52x + 52y = 208
⇒x+y=4 ....iii
On subtracting i from ii, we get:
6x − 6y = 12
⇒x−y=2 ....iv
On adding iii and iv, we get:
2x = 6 ⇒ x = 3
On substituting x = 3 in iii, we get:
3+y=4
⇒y=4−3=1
Hence, the required solution is x = 3 and y = 1.

Question:236
Solve: 6x+3y=7xy and 3x+9y=11xy
Solution:
The given equations are as follows:
6x + 3y = 7xy ....i
3x + 9y = 11xy ....ii

For equation i, we have:

6x+3yxy=7
⇒6xxy+3yxy=7⇒6y+3x=7 ....iii

For equation ii, we have:

3x+9yxy=11
⇒3xxy+9yxy=11⇒3y+9x=11 ....iv
On substituting 1y=v and 1x=u in iii and iv, we get:
6v + 3u = 7 ....v
3v + 9u = 11 ....vi
On multiplying v by 3, we get:
18v + 9u = 21 ....vii
On subtracting vi from vii, we get:
15v = 10 ⇒ v = 1015=23
⇒ 1y=23⇒y=32
On substituting y=32 in iii, we get:
632+3x=7
⇒4+3x=7⇒3x=3⇒3x=3
⇒x=1
Hence, the required solution is x = 1 and y=32.

Question:237
Find the value of k for which the system of equations 3x+y=1 and kx+2y=5 has i a unique solution, ii no solution.
Solution:
The given system of equations:
3x + y = 1
⇒ 3x + y − 1= 0 ....i
kx + 2y = 5
⇒ kx + 2y − 5 = 0 ....ii
These equations are of the following form:
a1x + b1y + c 1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 3, b1= 1, c 1 = −1 and a2 = k, b2 = 2, c 2 = −5

i For a unique solution, we must have:

a1a2≠b1b2 i.e. 3k≠12⇒k≠6
Thus, for all real values of k other than 6, the given system of equations will have a unique solution.

ii In order that the given equations have no solution, we must have:

a1a2=b1b2≠c1c2
3k=12≠-1-5
⇒3k=12 and 3k≠-1-5
⇒k=6, k≠15
Thus, for k = 6, the given system of equations will have no solution.

Question:238
In ΔABC,∠C=3∠B=2(∠A+∠B), find the measure of each one of ∠A,∠B and ∠C.
Solution:
Let ∠A=x° and ∠B=y°
Then, ∠C=3∠B=3y°
Now, we have:
∠A+∠B+∠C=180°
⇒ x + y + 3y = 180
⇒ x + 4y = 180 ....i
Also, ∠C=2∠A+∠B
⇒ 3y = 2(x + y)
⇒ 2x − y = 0 ....ii
On multiplying ii by 4, we get:
8x − 4y = 0 ....iii
On adding i and iii, we get:
9x = 180 ⇒ x = 20
On substituting x = 20 in i, we get:
20 + 4y = 180 ⇒ 4y = 180 − 20 = 160 ⇒ y = 40
∴ x = 20 and y = 40
∴ ​∠A=20°, ∠B=40°, ∠C=3×40°=120°

Question:239
5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 195 while 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs 153. Find the cost of each one of the pencil and the pen.
Solution:
Let the cost of each pencil be Rs. x and that of each pen be Rs. y.
Then, we have:
5x + 7y = 195 ....i
7x + 5y = 153 ....ii
Adding i and ii, we get:
12x + 12y = 348
⇒ 12(x + y) = 348
⇒ x + y = 29 ....iii
Subtracting i from ii, we get:
2x − 2y = −42
⇒ 2(x − y) = −42
⇒ x − y = −21 ....iv
On adding iii and iv, we get:
2x = 8 ⇒ x = 4
On substituting x = 4 in iii, we get:
4 + y = 29 ⇒ y = 29 − 4 = 25
Hence, the cost of each pencil is Rs. 4 and the cost of each pen is Rs. 25.

Question:240
Solve the following system of equations graphically:
2x-3y=1, 4x-3y+1=0
Solution:
On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' as the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.

Graph of 2x − 3y = 1
2x − 3y = 1
⇒ 3y = (2x − 1)
∴ y=2x-13 ...i
Putting x = −1, we get:
y = −1
Putting x = 2, we get:
y=1
Putting x = 5, we get:
y=3
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 2x − 3y = 1.
x −1 2 5
y −1 1 3

Now, plots the points A−1, −1, B2, 1 and C5, 3 on the graph paper.
Join AB and BC to get the graph line AC. Extend it on both the sides.
Thus, the line AC is the graph of 2x − 3y = 1.

Graph of 4x − 3y + 1 = 0
4x − 3y + 1 = 0
⇒ 3y = ( 4x + 1)
∴ y=4x+13 ...ii
Putting x = −1, we get:
y = −1
Putting x = 2, we get:
y=3
Putting x = 5, we get:
y=7
Thus, we have the following table for the equation 4x − 3y + 1 = 0.
x −1 2 5
y −1 3 7
Now, plots the points P2, 3 and Q5, 7. The point A−1, −1 has already been plotted. Join PA and QP to get the graph line AQ. Extend it on both the
sides.
Thus, the line AQ is the graph of the equation 4x − 3y + 1 = 0.

The two lines intersect at A−1, −1.

Thus, x = −1 and y = −1 is the solution of the given system of equations.

Question:241
Find the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in which ∠A=(4x+20)°,∠B=(3x-5)°,∠C=(4y)° and ∠D=(7y+5)°.
Solution:
Given:
In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, we have:
∠A=4x+20°
∠B=3x-5°
∠C=4y°
∠D=7y+5°
∠A+∠C=180° and ∠B+∠D=180° [Since ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral]
Now, ∠A+∠C=4x+20°+4y°=180°
⇒ 4x + 4y + 20 = 180
⇒ 4x + 4y = 180 − 20 = 160
⇒ x + y = 40 ....i
Also, ∠B+∠D=3x-5°+7y+5°=180°
⇒ 3x + 7y = 180 ....ii
On multiplying i by 3, we get:
3x + 3y = 120 ....iii
On subtracting iii from ii, we get:
4y = 60 ⇒ y = 15
On substituting y = 15 in 1, we get:
x + 15 = 40 ⇒ x = 40 − 15 = 25
Therefore, we have:
∠A=4x+20°=4×25+20°=120°
∠B=3x-5°=3×25-5°=70°
∠C=4y°=4×15°=60°
∠D=7y+5°=7×15+5°=105+5°=110°

Question:242
Solve for x and y: 35x+y+14x-y=19, 14x+y+35x-y=37
Solution:
We have:
35x+y+14x-y=19 and 14x+y+35x-y=37
Taking 1x+y=u and 1x-y=v:
35u + 14v − 19 = 0 ....i
14u + 35v − 37 = 0 ....ii
Here, a1 = 35, b1 = 14, c 1 = −19, a2 = 14, b2 = 35, c 2 = −37
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ u14×-37- 35×-19=v-19×14--37×35=135×35-14×14
⇒ u-518+665=v-266+1295=11225-196
⇒ u147=v1029=11029
⇒ u=1471029=17,v=10291029=1
⇒ 1x+y=17,1x-y=1
∴ (x + y) = 7 ....iii
And, (x − y) = 1 ....iv

Again, the equations iii and iv can be written as follows:

x+y−7=0 ....v
x−y−1=0 ....vi
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c 1 = −7 , a2 = 1 , b2 = −1 , c 2 = −1
By cross multiplication, we have:

⇒ x1×-1--1×-7=y-7×1--1×1=11×-1-1×1

⇒ x-1-7=y-7+1=1-1-1
⇒ x-8=y-6=1-2
⇒ x=-8-2=4,y=-6-2=3
Hence, x = 4 and y = 3 is the required solution.

Question:243
If 1 is added to both of the numerator and denominator of a fraction, it becomes 45. If however, 5 is subtracted from both numerator and denominator,
the fraction 12. Find the fraction.
Solution:
Let the required fraction be xy.
Then, we have:
x+1y+1=45
⇒ 5(x + 1) = 4(y + 1)
⇒ 5x + 5 = 4y + 4
⇒ 5x − 4y = −1 ....i

Again, we have:
x-5y-5=12
⇒ 2(x − 5) = 1(y − 5)
⇒ 2x − 10 = y − 5
⇒ 2x − y = 5 ....ii
On multiplying ii by 4, we get:
8x − 4y = 20 ....iii
On subtracting i from iii, we get:
3x = 20 − (−1) = 20 + 1 = 21
⇒ 3x = 21
⇒x=7
On substituting x = 7 in i, we get:
5 × 7 − 4y = −1
⇒ 35 − 4y = −1
⇒ 4y = 36
⇒y=9
∴ ​x = 7 and y = 9
Hence, the required fraction is 79.

Question:244
Solve: axb-bya=a+b, ax-by=2ab
Solution:
The given equations may be written as follows:
axb-bya-(a+b)=0 ....i
ax-by-2ab=0 ....ii
Here, a1 = ab, b1 = -ba, c 1 = −(a + b), a2 = a, b2 = −b, c 2 = −2ab
By cross multiplication, we have:

∴ x-ba×-2ab--b×-a+b=y-a+b×a--2ab×ab=1ab×-b-a×-ba
⇒ x2b2-ba+b=y-aa+b+2a2=1-a+b
⇒ x2b2-ab-b2=y-a2-ab+2a2=1-a+b
⇒ xb2-ab=ya2-ab=1-a-b
Proc es s ing math: 24%
⇒ x-ba-b=yaa-b=1-a-b
Contrib
⇒ x=-ba-b-a-b=b, y=aa-b-a-b=-a
Hence, x = b and y = −a is the required solution.
/a11y /ac c es s ibility -menu.js