JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

Questions
1. If a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and b = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ , then the value of a + b is _____.

(a) 6 (b) 2 6 (c) 3 6 (d) 4 6

2. If a = 2iˆ + 5 ˆj and b = 2iˆ − ˆj , then a unit vector in the direction of a + b is _____.

3. If ABCDE is a pentagon, then AB + AE + BC + DC + ED + AC equals _____.

(a) 3AD (b) 3AC (c) 3BE (d) 3CE

4. In a triangle ABC, if 2AC = 3CB , then 2OA + 3OB is equal to _____.

(a) 5OC (b) −5OC (c) OC (d) −OC

5. If ABCD is a parallelogram such that AB = 2iˆ + 5 ˆj − 5kˆ and AD = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ , then the unit
vector in the direction of BD is _____.

(a)
1
69
(iˆ + 2 ˆj − 8kˆ ) (b)
1 ˆ
69
(
i + 2 ˆj − 8kˆ )
(c)
1
69
( −iˆ − 2 ˆj + 8kˆ ) (d)
1 ˆ
69
(
−i − 2 ˆj + 8kˆ )
6. The position vectors of A and B are iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and 3iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ . The position vector of the
midpoint of the line segment AB is _____.
1ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ 5 3ˆ 1 ˆ 3 ˆ
(a) i − j+k (b) 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ (c) i − j+ k (d) None of these
2 2 2 2 2 2
7. The vectors AB = 3iˆ + 4kˆ and AC = 5iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ are the sides of a triangle ABC. If the length
of the median through A is  5 + 1 units, then  = _____.

8. Find a vector of magnitude 5 units which is parallel to the resultant of the vectors a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ
and b = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ .

9. Find the position vector of the point C on the segment AB such that AC : CB = 1 : 4. The
position vectors of A and B are 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and − 2iˆ + 7 ˆj − kˆ respectively.
10. If D, E and F are the mid points of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively of a triangle ABC,
and iˆ + ˆj , ĵ + kˆ and kˆ + iˆ are the position vector of the points A, B and C respectively, then
the position vector of the centroid of  DEF is _____.
11. If a , b are the position vectors of A and B respectively and C is a point on AB produced such
that AC = 4AB , then find the position vector of C.

12. If the position vectors of the vertices of triangle ABC are iˆ , ˆj , kˆ , then the position vector of its
orthocentre is _____.
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

13. If a = 7iˆ − 4 ˆj − 4kˆ and b = −2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ , determine vector c along the internal bisector of the
angle between vectors a and b , such that c = 5 6 .

14. If AB and AC are given by 3iˆ + 4kˆ and 6 ˆj − 8kˆ respectively, then find AD , the external
angle bisector of  BAC , where D lies on CB produced.

(a) AD = 6 iˆ + 6 ˆj + 16 kˆ (b) AD = 6 iˆ − 6 ˆj + 16 kˆ
(c) AD = 6 iˆ + 6 ˆj − 14 kˆ (d) AD = 6 iˆ − 6 ˆj − 14 kˆ

15. A and B are two points. The position vector of A is 6b − 2a . A point P divides the line segment AB
in the ratio 1: 2 . If a − b is the position vector of P, then the position vector of B is given by _____.
(a) 7a − 15b (b) 7a + 15b (c) 15a − 7b (d) 15a + 7b

16. If the position vectors of A, B, C, D are respectively 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ , iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ , −5iˆ + 4 ˆj − 2kˆ
and iˆ + 10 ˆj + 10 kˆ , then _____.
(a) AB CD (b) DC AD
(c) A, B, C are collinear (d) B, C, D are collinear

17. If the points iˆ + 2kˆ , ĵ + kˆ and iˆ +  ˆj are collinear, then_____.

(a)  = 2,  = 1 (b)  = 2,  = −1 (c)  = −1,  = 2 (d)  = −1,  = −2

( ) ( ) ( )
18. If the points A 10iˆ + 3 ˆj , B 12iˆ − 5 ˆj + 6kˆ and C 21iˆ + ajˆ + bkˆ are collinear, then a 2 + b 2 = ___

19. Let a, b, c be three non-zero vectors which are pairwise non-collinear. If a + 3b is collinear with c

and b + 2 c is collinear with a , then a + 3b + 6 c is

(a) 0 (b) a + c (c) a (d) c

20. Find the angle between two vectors a and b with magnitudes 1 and 2 respectively and when a  b = 1.
21. Find a − b , if two vectors a and b are such that a = 2, b = 3 and a  b = 4.

(a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) None of these

( ) ( )
2 2
22. A + B + A − B equals_____.

(
(a) 2 A + B
2 2
) (b) 4A.B
2
(c) A + B
2
(d) none of these

(
23. Find a , if a = 2 b and a + b  a − b = 12. )( )
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

( )(
24. If a = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ and b = 4iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ , then 2 a + b . a − 2b equals _____. )
(a) 14 (b) – 14 (c) 0 (d) none of these


25. If the angle between the two vectors iˆ + kˆ and iˆ − ˆj + a kˆ is , then the value of a is _____.
3
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) -2 (d) 0
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

26. If iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ and iˆ + 3xjˆ + 2 ykˆ are orthogonal to each other then find the locus of the point ( x, y ) .

( )(
27. If a and b are unit vectors and 60° is the angle between them, then 2 a − 3 b . 4 a − b equals____. )
28. If the vector a + b is perpendicular to b and the vector 2 b + a is perpendicular to a , then_____.

(a) a = 2 b (b) a = 2 b (c) b = 2 a (d) a = b

29. If three vectors a , b , c satisfy a + b + c = 0 and a = 3, b = 5, c = 7 then the angle between

a and b is _____.

2 2
30. If a , b and c are vectors having equal magnitude of 2 such that a − b + b − c + c − a = 27 ,
2

then evaluate 7 a + 3 b + 3 c .

31. If a + b + c = 0 , then prove that a .b + b . c + c . a is negative where a , b , c are non-zero vectors.

32. If a , b , c are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, then the angle between the
vectors a and a + b + c is _____.
  1 
(a) (b) (c) cos −1 (d)
3 6 3 2

33. If a + b = c and a + b = c , then the angle between a and b is _____.

34. If a and b are vectors of equal magnitude 2 and  be the angle between them, then the magnitude
of a + b will be 2 if _____.
   2
(a)  = (b)  = (c)  = (d)  =
3 4 2 3

iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ −4iˆ − 3kˆ

35. If r = 51 and r makes the same angles with the vectors a = ,b= and
3 5
c = ˆj , then r = _____.
( )
(a)  5iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ (
(b)  5iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ ) (
(c)  5iˆ + ˆj − 5kˆ ) (d) none of these

2
36. If a = 6 , b = 8 and a + b = 9 , then a − b = _____.

37. The vectors a , b and c have magnitudes 4, 4 and 2 respectively. If a is perpendicular to b + c ,

b is perpendicular to c + a and c is perpendicular to a + b , then the value of a + b + c = ___.

 a +b 
38. If a , b and c are vectors such that a − c = b − c , then the value of b − a . c − 
 ( )  
  2 
is equal to _____.

39. The projection of vector 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ on the vector iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ will be _____.
1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 14
14 14 14
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

40. If a = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , b = 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ and c = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ , then the projection of a + b on c is:
17 5 4
(a) (b) (c) (d) 14
3 3 3

41. If a = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ , b = iˆ + 3 ˆj + 3kˆ , then a  b is _____.

42. If  is the angle between the vectors iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ , then the value of sin  is:
6 2 6 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 7 7 7

43. If a  b = a . b , then angle between a and b is _____.

44. The unit vector perpendicular to the vectors iˆ + ˆj and ĵ + kˆ is _____.

(
(a) 1 iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
3
) (
(b) 1 iˆ + ˆj − kˆ
3
) (
(c) 1 iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
3
) (d) None

45. If a . b = 3 and a  b = 4 , then the angle between a and b is _____. (Multiple correct)
3 3 4 
(a) cos −1 (b) cos −1 (c) sin −1 (d)
4 5 5 4

46. Let a = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and b be a vector such that a  b = 2iˆ − kˆ and a.b = 3. Then the projection
of b on the vector a − b is:
2 3 2 7 2
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
21 7 3 3 3

47. Find λ if (2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 14kˆ)  (iˆ −  ˆj + 7kˆ) = 0 .

2
48. If a is perpendicular to b and c , a = 2, b = 3, c = 4 and the angle between b and c is ,
3
then a . b  c ( ) = _____.
(a) 24 (b) 12 (c) 12 3 (d) 24 3

( )
49. Let a and b be two non-collinear unit vectors. If u = a − a .b b and v = a  b , then v is _____.
(a) u
2
(b) u + u . a (c) u + u .b (d) u + u . a + b( )
50. Let a = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ be two vectors. If a vector perpendicular to both the
vectors a + b and a − b has the magnitude 12 then one such vector is
(
(a) 4 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) (
(b) 4 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ )
(c) 4 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ( )
(d) 4 −2iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ ( )
2 2
51. If a  b + a . b = 144 and a = 4 , then b is equal to _____.

52. Given a = 2 , b = 3 and a + b = 3 , find c . a where c satisfies c − a − 2b = 3 a  b . ( )

JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

53. If the position vectors of three points A,B and C are respectively iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ and
7iˆ + 4 ˆj + 9kˆ , then the unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing the triangle ABC is:
31iˆ − 18 ˆj − 9kˆ 31iˆ + 18 ˆj + 9kˆ
(a) 31iˆ − 18 ˆj − 9kˆ (b) (c) (d) None of these
2486 2486
2
54. a  iˆ + a  ˆj + a  kˆ = _____.
2 2

2 2
(a) 0 (b) a (c) 2 a (d) None of these

55. The area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are a = 3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ and b = iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ is:

(a) 10 3 (b) 5 3 (c) 8 (d) 4

56. If a = 2 , b = 3 and a , b are mutually perpendicular, then the area of the triangle whose

vertices are 0, a + b , a − b is _____ square units.

57. The area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors 3iˆ − kˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj
is equal to _____ square units.

b c  = 2 , then ( ) + b . ( c  a ) + ( ) = _____.
a . b c c . a b
58. If  a
( c  a ) .b ( a  b ) . c (b  c ) . a
59. a  ( b  c ) + b  ( c  a ) + c  ( a  b ) = _____.

60. If a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, a . b = 1 and a  b = ˆj − kˆ , then b = ____ .

JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

Answer Key
iˆ + ˆj
1. (c) 2. 3. (b) 4. (a)
2

3 10 ˆ 10 ˆ
5. (c) 6. (b) 7. 2 8. i+ j
2 2
(
2 iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )
9. 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ 10.
3
11. 4b − 3a 12.
3
(
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i + j+k )
13. 
3
(
5 ˆ
i − 7 ˆj + 2kˆ ) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a)

17. (c) 18. 2770 19. (a) 20.
3
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (b)

1
25. (d) 26. x 2 + y 2 = 27. 4 28. (a)
6
29. 60o 30. 8 32. (c) 33. 0
34. (d) 35. (d) 36. 119 37. 6

38. 0 39. (b) 40. (a) 41. 70

42. (b) 43. 45o 44. (a) 45. (b, c)

46. (a) 47. – 3 48. (c) 49. (c)

50. (b) 51. 3 52 – 6 53. (b)

54. (c) 55. (b) 56. 6 57. 41

58. 3 59. 0 60. iˆ

JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

Solutions
1.
a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
b = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ
a + b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ + 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ

= 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ = 3 iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ

= 3 12 + 12 + 22
= 3 1+1+ 4 = 3 6

2.
a = 2iˆ + 5 ˆj , b = 2iˆ − ˆj
a + b = 2iˆ + 5 ˆj + 2iˆ − ˆj = 4iˆ + 4 ˆj
a + b = 42 + 42 = 16 + 16 = 32 = 4 2
a +b 4iˆ + 4 ˆj 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
uˆ = = = i+ j
a +b 4 2 2 2

3.
AB + AE + BC + DC + ED + AC
= AE + ED + DC + AB + BC + AC
= AD + DC + AC + AC
= AC + AC + AC = 3AC

4.
2 AC = 3CB
(
 2 OC − OA = 3 OB − OC) ( )
 2OA + 3OB = 2OC + 3OC
 2OA + 3OB = 5OC

5.
Since AB + BD = AD  BD = AD − AB
( ) ( )
 BD = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ − 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ = −iˆ − 2 ˆj + 8kˆ
Hence unit vector in the direction of BD is
−iˆ − 2 ˆj + 8kˆ −iˆ − 2 ˆj + 8kˆ
=
−iˆ − 2 ˆj + 8kˆ 69

6.
Given A( iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ) and B( 3iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ ).
a +b 5
By section formula, midpoint of AB will be = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ .
2 2
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

7.
Given a triangle ABC, whose two sides are respectively AB = 3iˆ + 4kˆ and AC = 5iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ .
Using section formula,

AD =
( 3 + 5) iˆ + ( 0 − 2 ) ˆj + ( 4 + 4 ) kˆ = 4iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ .
2
 AD = 16 + 16 + 1

= 33 = 25 + 1
=2

8.
The given vectors are a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and b = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
a + b = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ + iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ = 3iˆ + ˆj
 a + b = 32 + 12 + 02 = 9 + 1 = 10
Now, if uˆ is a unit vector in the direction of a + b
then 5uˆ will be a vector of magnitude 5 in the direction of a + b
 a+b   ˆ ˆ
 5uˆ = 5    = 5  3i + j  = 3 10 iˆ + 10 ˆj
 a+b   10  2 2
 
9.
AC : CB = 1: 4
1(−2iˆ + 7 ˆj − kˆ) + 4(3iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ) 1
 P.V . of C =
1+ 4 5
( )
= 10iˆ + 15 ˆj − 5kˆ = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ

10.

a = iˆ + ˆj ; b = ˆj + kˆ ; c = kˆ + iˆ
Centroid of  ABC and  DEF coincide
a + b + c iˆ + ˆj + ˆj + kˆ + kˆ + iˆ 2 ˆ ˆ ˆ
 g=
3
=
3
(
= i + j+k
3
)
11.
CA 4
AC = 4AB  =
CB 3
mb − na 4b − 3a
c= = = 4b − 3a
m−n 4−3
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

12.
a = iˆ, b = ˆj and c = kˆ
a = b = c =1
  ABC is equilateral
 Orthocentre coincides with centroid
 a +b +c 
 G(g)  G 
 3 
iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
g=
3
13.
aˆ =
1 ˆ
9
(
7i − 4 ˆj − 4kˆ )
1
(
bˆ = −2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ
3
)

cˆ =  ( aˆ + bˆ ) = ( iˆ − 7 ˆj + 2kˆ ) .....(i )
9
c =5 6
2
 (1 + 49 + 4) = 25  6
81
25  6  81
 2 = = 225
54
  = 15
Putting value of  in (i), we get

c=
3
(
5 ˆ
i − 7 ˆj + 2kˆ )
14.
AB = 3 iˆ + 4kˆ
AC = 6 ˆj − 8 kˆ
AB = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5

AC = 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100 = 10

AC = 2 AB
DC 2
 =
DB 1
2AB − AC
 AD =
2 −1
= 2(3 iˆ + 4 kˆ) − (6 ˆj − 8 kˆ)
= 6 iˆ + 8 kˆ − 6 ˆj + 8 kˆ
= 6 iˆ − 6 ˆj + 16 kˆ
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

15.
Given two points A and B, such that the position vector of A is 6b − 2a .
Also given that P divides AB in the ratio 1: 2 , such that position vector of P is a − b .
Using section formula,

OP =
( ) (
(1) OB + ( 2 ) 6b − 2a )
1+ 2
 3 ( a − b ) = OB + 12b − 4a
 OB = 7a − 15b

16.
a = 2 iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5 kˆ
b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3 kˆ
c = −5iˆ + 4 ˆj − 2kˆ
d = iˆ + 10 ˆj + 10 kˆ
AB = b − a = −iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ
CD = d − c = 6 iˆ + 6 ˆj + 12 kˆ
Clearly, CD = −6AB
 AB CD

17.
a = iˆ + 2kˆ ; b = ˆj + kˆ ; c = iˆ +  ˆj
For collinearity,
c −b = m a −b( )
( ) (
 iˆ +  ˆj − ˆj − kˆ = m iˆ + 2kˆ − ˆj − kˆ )
 iˆ + (  − 1) ˆj − kˆ = miˆ − mjˆ + mkˆ
  = m,  − 1 = −m, − 1 = m
  = −1,  = 2

18.
( ) ( ) ( )
The given points are A 10iˆ + 3 ˆj , B 12iˆ − 5 ˆj + 6kˆ and C 21iˆ + ajˆ + bkˆ .
So, AB = 2iˆ − 8 ˆj + 6kˆ and BC = 9iˆ + ( a + 5) ˆj + ( b − 6 ) kˆ .
For collinearity of A, B and C, we have the following condition.
BC =  AB ,  

(
 9iˆ + ( a + 5 ) ˆj + ( b − 6 ) kˆ =  2iˆ − 8 ˆj + 6kˆ )
 9 = 2 , a + 5 = −8 , b − 6 = 6
9 9 9
  = , a + 5 = −8  , b − 6 = 6 
2 2 2
 a = −41 and b = 33
 a 2 + b 2 = 1681 + 1089 = 2770
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

19.
c =  a + 3b ( )
b + 2c =  a
(
b + 2  a + 3b =  a )
(1 + 6  )b + (2  −  )a = 0
 6 + 1 = 0 ; 2 = 
1 1
=− , =−
6 3
1
Now, c = − a + 3b
6
( )
 6c + a + 3b = 0
20.
Given, a  b = 1, a = 1 and b = 2.
 
a b
We have,  = cos  −1 
 a b 
 
1 
  = cos −1   =
2 3
21.
( )( )
2
We have a − b = a − b  a − b

= a  a − a  b − b.a + b  b
( )
2 2
= a − 2 a b + b

= ( 2 ) − 2 ( 4 ) + ( 3) = 5
2 2

22.
( A + B) + ( A − B)
2 2

= ( A + B ) .( A + B ) + ( A − B ) .( A − B )
2 2 2 2
= A + 2 A.B + B + A − 2 A.B + B

(
=2 A + B
2 2
)
23.
( a + b )  ( a − b ) = 12
2 2
 a − b = 12
2
 3 b = 12

 b =2
2 2
Now, a = 12 + b = 16  a = 4
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

24.
It is given that a = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ and b = 4iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ
a = 12 + 32 + 22 = 1 + 9 + 4 = 14
b = 42 + 22 + 42 = 16 + 4 + 16 = 36 = 6
a .b = 1  4 − 2  3 − 2  4 = −10

( 2 a + b ).( a − 2b ) = 2 a
2
− 4 a .b + b . a − 2 b
2

(
=2 a − b
2 2
) − 3 a .b
= 2 (14 − 36 ) − 3 ( −10 ) = −14
25.

Let p = iˆ + kˆ, q = iˆ − ˆj + a kˆ and  =
3
p = 12 + 02 + 12 = 1 + 1 = 2
q = 12 + 12 + a 2 = a 2 + 2
p . q = 1 1 − 0  1 + 1 a = a + 1
p .q
cos  =
p q
 a +1
 cos =
3 2 a2 + 2
1 a +1
 =
2 2 a2 + 2
( a + 1)
2
1
 =
4 2 ( a2 + 2)

 2 ( a + 1) = a 2 + 2
2

 2a 2 + 4a + 2 − a 2 − 2 = 0
 a 2 + 4a = 0
 a ( a + 4) = 0
 a = 0, − 4

Since cos 0  a=0
3
26.
( ) (
iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ ⊥ iˆ + 3xjˆ + 2 ykˆ )
 ( iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ ) . ( iˆ + 3xjˆ + 2 ykˆ ) = 0
 1 1 − 2 x  3x − 3 y  2 y = 0
 1 − 6 x2 − 6 y2 = 0
1
 x2 + y2 =
6
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

27.
It is given that a = b = 1,  = 60

( 2 a − 3b ) .( 4 a − b )
2
= 8 a − 14 a . b + 3 b
2

= 8 − 14 a b cos 60 + 3
14
= 11 − =4
2
28.
(a +b ⊥b )
(
 a + b .b = 0 )
2
 a .b + b = 0

( 2b + a ) ⊥ a
 ( 2b + a ) . a = 0
 2 a .b + a = 0
2

−a
2
2
 a .b = − b =
2
 a = 2b

29.
Given, a + b + c = 0  a + b = −c
Squaring on both sides, we get the following.
2
a + b + 2 a b cos = − c
2 2

 9 + 25 + 30cos  = 49
1
 cos  =
2
  = 60

30.
It is given that a = b = c = 2
2 2
Also, it is given that a − b + b − c + c − a = 27
2

(
2 a + b + c
2 2 2
) − 2 ( a .b + b .c + c . a ) = 27
 2 ( 4 + 4 + 4 ) − 2 ( a . b + b . c + c . a ) = 27
3
 a .b + b . c + c . a = − ,
2
which is the minimum value of a . b + b . c + c . a ,
which occurs when a + b + c = 0  b + c = − a
Now, 7 a + 3 b + 3 c = 7 a − 3 a = 4 a = 4 a = 4  2 = 8
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

31.
a +b +c =0
2
 a +b +c =0

(
 a +b +c . a +b +c =0 )( )
( )
2
 a + b + c + 2 a .b + b .c + c . a = 0
2 2

 a .b + b .c + c . a = −
1
2
2
a +b +c
2
( 2
)
Clearly a . b + b . c + c . a  0
Since a , b , c are non − zero vectors

32.
Given mutually perpendicular vectors a , b and c , such that a = b = c =  .
Hence, a .b = b . c = c . a = 0

Angle between a and a + b + c is given by cos  =

(
a. a + b + c ) … (1)
a a +b +c
2 2
Now, a + b + c = a + b + c + 2a .b + 2b .c + 2c . a =  2 +  2 +  2 + 0 + 0 + 0 .
2 2

2
 a + b + c = 3 2
 a + b + c = 3
Putting this value in (1), we get
1
 = cos −1 .
3
33.
a +b =c
2
 a + b + 2a . b = c
2 2

a +b = c
2
 a + b +2 a b = c
2 2

 a .b = a b
 cos  = 1
 =0

34.
a = b =2

( )( )
2
a +b = a +b . a +b
2
= a + 2 a .b + b
2

= 22 + 22 + 2 a b cos 
= 4 + 4 + 2  2  2 cos 
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

 8 (1 + cos  ) = 22
1
 1 + cos  =
2
1
 cos  = −
2
2
 =
3
35.
Given a vector r such that r = 51 … (1)
iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ −4iˆ − 3kˆ
Also, it makes equal angles with the vectors a = ,b= and c = ˆj … (2)
3 5
Note that a = b = c = 1 … (3)
ˆ
Let r = ri ˆ ˆ
1 + r2 j + r3k .

So, from (1), we have r12 + r2 2 + r32 = 51 … (4)

Also, from (2) and (3), we have r . a = r .b = r . c .
r − 2r2 + 2r3 −4r1 − 3r3
So, we get 1 = = r2 .
3 5
Considering r2 =  , we get r1 + 2r3 = 5 and −4r1 − 3r3 = 5 .
r r r
Solving, we get 1 = 2 = 3 =  .
−5 1 5
Putting these values in (4), we get 25 2 +  2 + 25 2 = 51   = 1
(
So, we get r =  −5iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ . )
36.
2
a +b + a −b = 2 a + b
2
( 2 2
)
 a − b = 2 ( 6 2 + 82 ) − 9 2
2

= 200 − 81
= 119
37.
Given three vectors a , b and c with magnitudes a = b = 4 and c = 2 .
Also given that a is perpendicular to b + c , b is perpendicular to c + a
and c is perpendicular to a + b .
( )
That is, a . b + c = 0 , b .( c + a ) = 0 and c . a + b = 0 . ( )
Adding these equations, we get a .b + b . c + c . a = 0 .
2
Now, consider the expression a + b + c .

( )( )
2
a +b +c = a +b +c . a +b +c

( )
2
= a + b + c + 2 a .b + b . c + c . a
2 2

= 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 ( 0 ) = 36
2 2 2

 a +b +c =6
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

38.
Given vectors a , b and c such that a − c = b − c .
a −c = b −c
2
 a −c = b −c
2

 ( a − c ) .( a − c ) = b − c . b − c ( )( )
2
 a + c − 2a . c = b + c − 2b . c
2 2 2

2
 a − b + 2b . c − 2a . c = 0
2

  a + b 
Now, consider the expression b − a . c − 
 (
  . )
  2 
  a + b  1
( )
b − a . c − 
   = b − a . 2 c − a − b ( )( )
  2  2
1
2 (2
= 2b . c − a .b − b − 2a . c + a + a .b
2
)
1
= ( 0) = 0
2
39.
iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ( )
ˆ(
Projection is 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2k .
14
=) 2
14

40.
The given vectors are a = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ and c = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ
c = 12 + 22 + 22
= 1+ 4 + 4 = 9 = 9
c iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ
cˆ = =
|c | 3
a + b = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ + 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ = 5iˆ − 3 ˆj + 3kˆ
Projection of a + b on c = a + b . cˆ ( )
 iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ  5 + 6 + 6 17
(
= 5iˆ − 3 ˆj + 3kˆ .
 3
)  =
3
=
3
 
41.
The given vectors are a = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ and b = iˆ + 3 ˆj + 3kˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ
a  b = 2 1 3 = iˆ ( 3 − 9 ) − ˆj ( 6 − 3) + kˆ ( 6 − 1) = −6iˆ − 3 ˆj + 5kˆ
1 3 3

 | a  b | = 62 + 32 + 52 = 36 + 9 + 25 = 70
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

42.

Let a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3k and b = 3i + 2 ˆj + kˆ
| a |= 12 + 22 + 32 = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14
| b |= 32 + 22 + 1 = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14
iˆ ˆj kˆ
a  b = 1 2 3 = iˆ ( 2 − 6 ) − ˆj (1 − 9 ) + kˆ ( 2 − 6 ) = −4iˆ + 8 ˆj − 4kˆ
3 2 1

 | a  b |= 42 + 82 + 42 = 16 + 64 + 16 = 96 = 4 6
| a b | 4 6 4 6 2 6
sin  = = = =
| a || b | 14 14 14 7
43.
| a  b | = | a .b |
 | a || b || sin  | = | a || b || cos  |
 | tan  | = 1
  = 45

44.
The given vectors are a = iˆ + ˆj and b = ˆj + kˆ
Let u = a  b
Then uˆ is a unit vector perpendicular to a and b
( ) (
u = a  b = iˆ + ˆj  ˆj + kˆ )
= iˆ  ˆj + iˆ  kˆ + ˆj  ˆj  ˆj  kˆ = kˆ − ˆj + iˆ
u iˆ − ˆj + kˆ iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
 uˆ = = =
|u | 12 + 12 + 12 3

45.

It is given that | a . b | = 3 and | a  b | = 4

| ab | 4
Dividing, we get =
| a .b | 3
| a || b || sin  | 4
 =
| a || b || cos  | 3
4
 | tan  | =
3
3
 cos  =
5
3
  = cos −1  
5
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

46.
We have

a = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ; a  b = 2iˆ − kˆ ; a  b = 3
2 2 2
a b + a b = a  b
2

2
5+9 = 6 b
2 7
b =
3
2 7
a −b = a + b − 2a  b =
2

3
projection of b on a − b

=
(
b  a −b )
a −b
2
b a − b
=
a −b
7
3−
= 3= 2
7 21
3

47.

48.
(
a. b c )
= a b  c cos 0 ( a ⊥ b and c )
2
= a b c sin cos 0
3
3
= 2  3 4   1 = 12 3
2
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

49.
(
Let a , b =  )
v = a  b = a b sin  nˆ  v = sin 

( )
u = a − a .b b = a − cos  b

u .u = u = 1 + cos 2  − 2cos  cos  = sin 2 

2

 u = sin 
u . a = a . a − cos  a .b = 1 − cos 2  = sin 2 
u .b = a .b − cos  b .b = cos  − cos  = 0
( ) (
u . a + b = a − cos b . a + b )( )
= 1 + cos  − cos 2  − cos
= 1 − cos 2 
= sin 2 
50.

Let vector be  ( a + b )  ( a − b ) 

Given, a = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ

 a + b = 4iˆ + 4 ˆj and a − b = 2iˆ + 4kˆ

( ) (
 Vector =   4iˆ + 4 ˆj  2iˆ + 4kˆ 
  )
=  16iˆ − 16 ˆj − 8kˆ  = 8  2iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ 
   
Given that magnitude of the vector is 12.
1
12 = 8  4 + 4 +1   =
2
(
 required vector is  4 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ )
51.
2 2
It is given that | a |= 4 and a  b + a . b = 144
 | a |2 | b |2 sin 2  + | a |2 | b |2 cos 2  = 144
 | a |2 | b |2 = 144
144
 | b |2 = =9
16
 | b |= 3

52.
It is given that | a |= 2,| b |= 3,| a + b | = 3
and c − a − 2b = 3 a  b ( )
( )
 c − a − 2b . a = 3 a  b . a ( )
 c . a − | a |2 −2a . b = 0
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

 c. a − 4 − 2a . b = 0 ... (1)
2
Now, a + b = 3
2
 a + b + 2a . b = 3
2

3− 4−9
 a .b = = −5 ... (2)
2
From equations 1 and 2,
c . a − 4 + 10 = 0  c . a = −6

53.
AB  AC
Unit vector perpendicular to plane of ABC is .
AB  AC
Here, AB = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ and AC = 6iˆ + 3 ˆj + 8kˆ .
 AB  AC = 31iˆ − 38 ˆj + 9kˆ and AB  AC = 2486

3iˆ − 38 ˆj + 9kˆ
 Required vector =
2486

54.
Let a = a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3kˆ .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a  iˆ = a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3kˆ  iˆ = a1 iˆ  iˆ + a2 ˆj  iˆ + a3 kˆ  iˆ = −a2kˆ + a3 ˆj
a  ˆj = ( a iˆ + a ˆj + a kˆ )  ˆj = a ( iˆ  ˆj ) + a ( ˆj  ˆj ) + a ( kˆ  ˆj ) = a kˆ − a iˆ
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 3

a  kˆ = ( a iˆ + a ˆj + a kˆ )  kˆ = a ( iˆ  kˆ ) + a ( ˆj  kˆ ) + a ( kˆ  kˆ ) = −a ˆj + a iˆ
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2

a  iˆ + a  ˆj + a  kˆ = a2 2 + a32 + a12 + a32 + a12 + a2 2 = 2 ( a12 + a2 2 + a32 ) = 2 a

2 2 2 2

55.
1
= a b
2
iˆ ˆj kˆ
But a  b = 3 1 −2 = −2iˆ − 14 ˆj − 10kˆ
1 −3 4
1 1
Hence  = a b = 4 + 196 + 100 = 5 3
2 2
56.
Let the position vectors of the points A, B, C are 0, a + b , a − b and  = 90
1
Area of triangle = AB  AC
2
=
1
2
(
a +b  a −b ) ( )
1
= 2b  a = ba sin  = 3  2sin 90 = 6
2
JEE Endgame: Ultimate Crash Course Vectors

57.
Given a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are 3iˆ − kˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj .
We know that the area of the parallelogram is A = 3iˆ − kˆ  iˆ + 2 ˆj . ( ) ( )
(3iˆ − kˆ )  (iˆ + 2 ˆj ) = (3) (iˆ  iˆ ) + ( 6 ) (iˆ  ˆj ) + ( −1) ( kˆ  iˆ ) + ( −2 ) ( kˆ  ˆj )
= ( 3) ( 0 ) + ( 6 ) ( kˆ ) + ( −1) ( ˆj ) + ( −2 ) ( −iˆ ) = 2iˆ − ˆj + 6kˆ

Hence, A = 2iˆ − ˆj + 6kˆ = 22 + 12 + 62 = 41 .

58.
 a b c  = 2

(
a. b c ) + b .(c  a ) + c .( a  b )
( c  a ) .b ( a  b ) . c (b  c ) . a
 a b c  b c a 
c a b 
= + +
b c a  c a b   a b c 
=1+1+1 = 3

59.

( )
a  b  c + b  (c  a ) + c  a  b ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) (
= ( a . c ) b − a .b c + b . a c − b . c a + c .b a − (c . a ) b )
=0

60.