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RIZAL - EDRIAL

The document discusses the economic context of the Philippines in the 19th century, particularly during the time of Jose Rizal. It outlines four historical elements that shaped this context: the end of the Galleon Trade, the opening of the Suez Canal, the rise of the export crop economy, and the establishment of monopolies. These factors contributed to the political awakening and national consciousness among Filipinos, influencing Rizal's life and messages.

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Erica Dyane Edrial
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10 views

RIZAL - EDRIAL

The document discusses the economic context of the Philippines in the 19th century, particularly during the time of Jose Rizal. It outlines four historical elements that shaped this context: the end of the Galleon Trade, the opening of the Suez Canal, the rise of the export crop economy, and the establishment of monopolies. These factors contributed to the political awakening and national consciousness among Filipinos, influencing Rizal's life and messages.

Uploaded by

Erica Dyane Edrial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University


KABASALAN – EXTERNAL PROGRAM DELIVERY UNIT
Katrina Balladares Campus
3rd Floor Kabasalan Municipal Hall

RIZAL
(Instructor: Mr. Saturnino Cainta)

NAME: Edrial, Erica Dyane P. DATE: January 23, 2025


TOPIC: Philippines in the 19th Century as Rizal’s Context (Economic Context)

Objectives:
a) Discuss the background during the 19th century era
b) Explain the 4 Historical Elements that Composed Economic Context
c) Appreciate the details of Rizal’s Life in the Economic Context of the Philippines in the 19th Century

“MAN IS PARTLY THE PRODUCT OF HIS TIME. HIS LIFE AND HIS MESSAGES ARE AFFECTED BY
HIS ENVIRONMENT AND THE EVENT THAT TAKE PLACE IN THE WORLD HE LIVES IN”

 BACKGROUND IN THE 19TH CENTURY


 Jose Rizal was born in the 19th century.
 During this time, Spain’s glory and rule as a colonial power was already waning
 The natives of the Philippines were slowly realizing the need to awaken their national consciousness.
 This was sparked by the movements against the oppression of the Spanish colonizers

 4 HISTORICAL ELEMENTS THAT COMPOSED THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT


1. The end of the Galleon Trade
2. Opening of the Suez Canal
3. The rise of the export of the crop economy, and
4. The established monopolies in the Philippines

 END OF THE GALLEON TRADE


 Galleon trade is also known in New Spain as “La Nao de la China” (The China Ship) because it carried
largely Chinese goods, shipped from Manila.
 Trading with China, Japan, Siam, India, Cambodia, Borneo and the Mollucas
 Manila became the center of commerce in the East.
 The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. Thus, the Manila-Acapulco
Trade, better known as the “Galleon Trade” was born
 The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from
Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; other sailed
from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea. The
Spanish trading ships which for two and a half centuries linked the Philippines with Mexico across the
Pacific Ocean lasted from 1565 to 1815.
 Philippines sent mangoes, tamarinds, rice, carabao,Chinese tea textiles, tuba (coconut wine), to
Mexico while guava, avocado, papaya, pineapple and etc. was sent by Mexico to Philippines.

 OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL


 Suez Canal connecting the Mediterranean and the Red Seas in 1869 relatively became an easy
passage between Spain and the Philippines for Spanish trading.
 It was an artificial way that connects the red sea and Mediterranean sea in egypt
 Built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer), Cairo’s former French diplomat and the
Ottoman governor of Egypt in 1854 for the former to construct a 100 mile canal across the Isthmus of
Suez, which was inaugurated on November 17, 1869
 It decreased the travel of time of Philippines to Spain from 3 months to 32—40 days
 Suez Canal was the first infrastructure that paved the way for the importation of books, magazines and
newspapers with liberal ideas from Europe and America. This was instrumental to the political awakening
of Rizal because he was able to expand his perspective, therefore shaping his nationalist sensibilities.
 Jose V. Basco who became the first governor-general to the Philippines under the Bourbon reign arrived
in the country in 1778 when the Galleon trade was a failing venture.
 The European industrialization and other countries in the West brought an increased demand for raw
materials which meant that the Philippines can take advantage of its agricultural potential towards
economic transformation.
 Basco’s economic program of developing and promoting agriculture in the country in order to
Transform the Philippines into a financially sufficient colony.

 RISE OF THE EXPORT OF CROP ECONOMY


 The Philippines was well on its way of developing an export crop economy between 1820 and 1870
some years after the end of the Galleon Trade
 Products such as sugar, manila hemp, and coffee were produced for foreign markets
 Imported goods of the European factory industry found their way into many parts of the Philippines
 The various economic activities in the new export-crop economy in the country provided many
opportunities for the expanding Chinese population
 Formerly concentrated in Manila, may Chinese moved to provinces that produces crops
 The development of export crop ndustry in the Philippines was mitivated by the commercial
undertakings of Northern Europe and North American merchants, who provided capital organization ad
access to foreign markets and sources of imports

 MONOPOLIES
 Another source of wealth during the post-galleon era was monopoly contracting
 During the 1840’s, the Sapnish government had legalized the use of opium (provided that it was
limited to Chinese) and a government monopoly of opium importation and sales was created
 There were also monopolies of special crops and items such as spirituous liquors betel nuts, tobacco
and explosives
 Among these monopoly systems, the most controversial and oppressive to locals was the tobacco
monopoly
 March 1, 1782 – Gov. Gen. Jose Basco placed the Philippine tobacco industry under government control
 It aimed to increase government revenues
 An order was issued the widespread cultivation of tobacco in the provinces of Cagayan Valley, Ilocos
Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Abra, Nueva Ecija and Marinduque
 The colonial government exported the tobacco to other countires and to the cigarrete factories in Manila
 Tobacco Monopoly positively raised revenues for the government and made Philippine tobacco
prominently all over Asia and some parts of Europe
 Negatively, the monopoly brought about food shortages since the planting crops was somewhat
neglected and abandoned
 The tobacco monopoly was finally abolished in 1882 after 100 years of establishment
 A century of hardship and social injustice caused by the tobacco monopoly promplted Filipinos in general,
to seek freedom from colonial bondage.

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