Readings of Philippine

History
HISTORY
HISTORY is derived from Greek word Historia meaning
knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation.
Aristotle regarded it as a "systematic account of a set of natural
phenomena, whether or not chronological ordering was a factor in
the account." The term "history" has now come to be applied to
accounts of events that are narrated in a chronological order, and
deal with the past of mankind.

HISTORY is also derived from german word Geshehen-

happen.

C:\Users\Yeobo\Desktop\History Class\Continuation Definition of History.png

History/Historia
Became known as the account of the past of a person and or of a group of
people through written documents and historical documents. It became the
historian duty to write the lives of important person and events or individuals
like monarchs, heroes, saints, and nobilities. History also focused on writing
about wars, revolutions, and other important breakthrough.
No document, no history.
History has opened and progressed of the possibility of valid resources, like
government records, chronicler’s account, or personal letters. However, it
essentially invalidate the other groups who do not keep written records.
Because some are keener and passing history through mouth. That is why it
restricts historical evidence as exclusive written is also discriminated that are
not recorded or documented.
Other historical documents got destroyed or burned in the events of war and
colonization. Documented historical events are usually about nobilities,
monarchs and other important individual, usually recorded their birth,
marriage, education, tenure, death and matters of the government. .

But how about those who are not born in noble group? Does it mean they
didn’t exist?
Historians found loophole to the history, who started using other kinds of
historical sources, which may not be written format but were just as valid.
Examples are song, poems, artifacts, architecture and memory. It has more
been inclusive and linking new and other disciplines and auxiliary.

Archeologist and historians has been working together, and using artifacts
from a bygone era in the study of ancient civilization that has been formerly
ignored because of lacked of documents.

Other profession are working together with the historian in the study of
origin, patterns of human societies in dept with analyzing the history.
 History VS. Historiography
Historiography is the history of history.

History History Historiography Historiography

Study of facts, Written by the History, How was Historical facts and
events, past victors, historical was historians method
written, who wrote and analyzation.
it, the context of
publication,
historical method,
and sources

Historical investigation will reveal a more nuanced account of the history of that period instead of a
simplified narrative of hero vs. villain.
 History VS. Historian
Despite of the facts that historian cannot ascertain absolute objectivity, the study of history remains
scientific because of rigor of research and methodology of historian.
Historical Methodology – are techniques used in writing the history.
Historical writings, can be at least be influence and incline with others and may be still valid.(
example comparative study)
Historical Sources
Historians most important tools are the sources.
• It can be classified between primary and secondary sources and
it depends of the subject matter of the historical matter that
being studied.
• Primary sources- are those sources produced at the same
time as the event, period, or subject being discussed. (Ex.
Newspaper, minutes of the meeting, photography, eyewitness,
records, reports artifacts, memorabilia, letters, census, and a like)
• Secondary sources- are those sources which were produced by
authors who used primary sources to produced material or
secondary sources are a certain study of an historical event. (ex.
Philippine revolution, the story of Bonifacio)

• Primary and secondary sources are useful in historical writing.

However, sources are needed to be dept in more study to avoid
historical distortion.
To avoid historical distortion
In accepting sources or using sources it should have been be criticize both internal and external criticism.
• External criticism - is verifying the authenticity of the source by examining its physical
characteristics, consistency, the evidence. (Ex. Document)
• Internal Criticism – Validation of the truthfulness of the sources or the factual basis of the evidence.
Its context, content, the agenda, the knowledge, and intended purpose are basis for the internal
criticism.
• The task of historian – are to look for available sources and select most relevant and meaningful
history, analyze the history by organizing the past that is being created to the nation, society, and
civilization. It’s task as well is to recover the past to let the community see the relevance, provenance,
memory or remembering and historical understanding for the present and future.
• History- is not a snap of a finger to release and study.
END for Week 1
Content And Contextual
Analysis of Selected Primary
sources in Philippine History
• The first voyage around the world of Magellan by Antonio
Pigafetta
• The KKK and the kartilya ng Katipunan
• Proclamation of the Philippine independence
The first voyage around the world
of Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta
who is he?
• he was a venetian scholar and explorer.
• Astronomy, geography and cartography.
* he joined the expedition to the spice islands led by ferdinand magellan.
pigafetta's work is of great importance in the study and writing in Philippine
history.

❑ Pigafetta was able to give details of geography and climate of the places that their
voyage has reached.
❑ In reading pigafetta's description of the people, one has to keep in mind that he was
coming from 16th century european perspective.
❑ He would always remarked on the nakedness of the natives or how he was
fascinated by their exotic culture.
The first voyage around the world
of Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta
❑ It should be understood of such observations were rooted from the context of
pigafetta and of his era.
❑ Hence, other beliefs system different from that of christianity were perceived to be
blasphemous and barbaric,even demonic.
❑ It was not surprising therefore that pigafetta would mention the abundance of gold
in the island as shown in his description of leaders wearing gold rings and gold
daggers, and of the rich gold minds.
The first voyage around the world
of Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta
❑ Armada de Molucca- Provided by King Charles
1. Trinidad – commanded by Magellan
2. San Antonio
3. Concepcion
4. Santiago
5. Victoria – Supplies, only ship able to return to the Spain
 Magellan’s Journey to the
Philippines, 1521
March 16 March 18 March 25 After few days

• Reached the isle of • Arrived in Humunu island • Saw 2 Ballanghai( balangay) • Magellan was introduced
Zamal (Samar) (Homonhon)- Guiuan town in • Pigafetta recounted that they saw two to the king’s brother
• Magellan Decided to Eastern Samar ballanghai (balangay), a long boat full who’s also a king to
of people in Mazzava/ Mazaua. another island.
land in another island, • 9 men came to them, offered • The king of Balangay offered a bars of • Pigafetta found golds,
more secured (2 days) crafts and foods and supplies gold and ginger, Magellan declined. saw mines of golds.
• Characterized as Very familiar • Magellan offered some gifts, knives, • The second king his ship
and friendly. mirror and shown the king armors, and house was made of
• Watering place of good signs. weapons, Turkish robes and artilleries. gold.
• First signs of gold. • Raia Siagu • Described as handsome,
• Named the island and nearby wore silk and a lot of
golds.
island as Archipelago de san • Raia Calambu, king of
lazarus Zuluan and Calagan
(Butuan and Caragual)
 Magellan’s Journey to the
Philippines, 1521
March 31 April 7 April 8 April 14

• Mass by the shore. • Magellan reached the port of • Preached about peace and • A mass was held and attended the
• The king sent two pigs. Cebu (Zzubu) god. King Raia Humabon.
• The 2 kings • The King of Zubu, wanted • Children to render the • Magellan asked the kig to be a
honor and obedience of good Christian and asked to burn
participated the mass. Magellan and his men to pay their parents. all of the idols and worship the
• After the mass, tribute to him but Magellan • People were overjoyed and cross only.
Magellan ordered, the Refused. Magellan’s translator, wished to be Christians, • Humabon was baptized and 800
cross be brough, nails said that Magellan is the through free will and not by souls.
and crown in place. captain of a king and with a force. • Humabon was named Don Carlos,
• Mazaua(Limasawa great empire, threaten for war. he named the prince Don
Magellan and the king of Zubu Fernando.
Island, Leyte.) •
• King of Mazavva, Jehan
• Fr. Pedro de met at the open space, offered • Showed the image of child jesus to
pakikipag sandugo.
Valederrama the queen. Hara Humamay,
Amihan
 Magellan’s Journey to the
Philippines, 1521
April 26 April 26 Duerte Borbosa

• Zula, chief of Matan (Mactan). • Magellan set out from Cebu to • New captain
Sent one of his son with two
goats
Mactan at midnight with around 60 • Magellan’s note to free
• According to Zula, the chief of men in corselets and helmets Henry(Enrique de Malaca)
Matan, Silapulapu refused to along with some native allies. after his death, but still slae
obey the king of Spain. . • 49 men in the water, and the 1500 after death of Magellan and
• Silapulapu did not want to pay
Magellan and his men the goat islander army are ready into battle. treated cruelty.
that they were promised. • They shot the captain through the • Henry(Enrique de Malaca)
• Zula requested the captain to right leg with a poisoned arrow, and the King of Cebu
send him only one boatload of knocked his helmet off his head conspired and invited the
men to fight against the other
chief. The captain- general twice. Pigafeta and others for a
decided to go thither with three • The Magellan side, retreated and feast, and said to give the
boatloads Magellan left at the sand dead. jewels as a gift for the king
of spain. Pigafetta refused,
24 men who attended were
slaughtered.