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Comparing_Quantities_Notes

The document provides essential notes and formulas for comparing quantities, focusing on percentages, conversions between fractions, decimals, and percentages, and calculations for profit, loss, and simple interest. It includes examples for clarity, such as calculating percentages from scores and population changes. Key formulas are summarized for quick reference.

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3 views

Comparing_Quantities_Notes

The document provides essential notes and formulas for comparing quantities, focusing on percentages, conversions between fractions, decimals, and percentages, and calculations for profit, loss, and simple interest. It includes examples for clarity, such as calculating percentages from scores and population changes. Key formulas are summarized for quick reference.

Uploaded by

MAIL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comparing Quantities - Important Notes & Formulas

1. Percentage – Another Way of Comparing Quantities


**Percentage** means 'per hundred' and is represented by **%**.

For example, **82%** means **82 out of 100** or **82/100**.

Example: If a student scores 320 out of 400, the percentage is:

**(320/400) × 100 = 80%**.

2. Converting Fractions & Decimals to Percentages


To convert a fraction to percentage:

Multiply the fraction by 100.

Example: **1/4 = (1/4) × 100 = 25%**

To convert a decimal to percentage:

Multiply the decimal by 100.

Example: **0.75 × 100 = 75%**

3. Converting Percentages to Fractions or Decimals


To convert a percentage to a fraction:

Divide by 100.

Example: **75% = 75/100 = 3/4**

To convert a percentage to a decimal:

Divide by 100.

Example: **25% = 25/100 = 0.25**

4. Finding Percentage of a Quantity


To find x% of a number N, use: **(x/100) × N**.

Example: Find 20% of 250.

**(20/100) × 250 = 50**

5. Ratio to Percentage Conversion


Convert ratio to percentage by expressing it as a fraction and multiplying by 100.
Example: If the ratio of rice to dal is **2:1**, total parts = **2+1=3**.

Rice percentage = **(2/3) × 100 = 66.67%**

Dal percentage = **(1/3) × 100 = 33.33%**

6. Profit & Loss


The buying price of an item is called **Cost Price (CP)**.

The selling price of an item is called **Selling Price (SP)**.

If **SP > CP**, there is **Profit** = **SP - CP**.

If **CP > SP**, there is **Loss** = **CP - SP**.

Profit Percentage = **(Profit/CP) × 100**.

Loss Percentage = **(Loss/CP) × 100**.

7. Increase or Decrease as Percentage


Formula: **(Amount of Change / Original Amount) × 100**

Example: If a city's population increased from **5,50,000 to 6,05,000**.

Increase = **6,05,000 - 5,50,000 = 55,000**.

Percentage Increase = **(55,000 / 5,50,000) × 100 = 10%**.

8. Simple Interest
Interest is the extra amount paid on a borrowed sum.

Formula: **SI = (P × R × T) / 100**

- **P** = Principal (Initial Amount)

- **R** = Rate of Interest per annum

- **T** = Time in years

Total Amount to be paid: **A = P + SI**

Example: Find the interest on Rs. **5000** at **15% p.a.** for **2 years**.

SI = **(5000 × 15 × 2) / 100 = 1500**.

Total Amount = **5000 + 1500 = 6500**.

9. Summary of Key Formulas


Concept Formula
Percentage of a Number (x/100) × N
Fraction to Percentage (Fraction × 100)%
Decimal to Percentage Decimal × 100
Profit Percentage (Profit/CP) × 100
Loss Percentage (Loss/CP) × 100
Increase/Decrease Percentage (Change / Original) × 100

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